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Contact dermatitis is a common skin condition in children caused by environmental exposure to irritants or allergens. Manifestation of common endogenous eczemas, e.g. atopic dermatitis, causes differential diagnostic challenges. The diagnostic workup includes symptoms, dermatitis patterns, and exposure history. Patch testing is the gold standard for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis and distinguishing allergic from irritant contact dermatitis. This review aims to describe contact dermatitis in children, including diagnostic procedures, differential diagnoses, and management strategies., (Published under Open Access CC-BY-NC-BD 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

Topical corticosteroids are commonly used to treat inflammatory skin conditions due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, patients with long-lasting, non-responsive eczema have to be evaluated for a complicating contact allergy to the topical product. Clinical management of allergic contact dermatitis to corticosteroids can be challenging. The preventive measures should be tailored according to the sensitization patterns and supported by currently available classification systems to avoid cross-reactivity, as argued in this review., (Published under Open Access CC-BY-NC-BD 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

Urticaria is a frequent skin condition presenting with wheals, angioedema or both due to the activation of mast cells. Acute urticaria (less-than 6 weeks duration) is associated with infections and allergies, whereas chronic urticaria (≥ 6 weeks) is either spontaneous (chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU)), inducible or both. Quality of life (QoL) is frequently impaired. The pathogenesis of CSU is often of an autoimmune nature. As argued in this review, the treatment aims to restore QoL with a stepwise approach, most often using second-generation H1-antihistamines, omalizumab and cyclosporine., (Published under Open Access CC-BY-NC-BD 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare condition, which causes inflammation in children's skin and musculoskeletal systems. Symptoms include characteristic skin rashes on the face and extremities, muscle pain and weakness. This is a case report of a ten-year-old boy initially suspected of having lupus erythematosus. He was later diagnosed with JDM by dermatologists. Treatment with methotrexate and prednisolone proved to be effective., (Published under Open Access CC-BY-NC-BD 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease with an increased number and activation of mast cells. Subtypes range from benign to rare aggressive forms, and the disease may affect people of all ages. The pathogenesis involves mutations in the KIT gene in both children and adult patients. Estimated prevalence is one per 10,000, but the disease is very likely underdiagnosed. The diagnosis may be challenging and patients may present to several medical specialties. This article presents an overview of clinical signs and symptoms as well as a diagnostic algorithm and treatment options of mastocytosis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rare cause of folliculitis. Pseudomonas folliculitis can develop after contact with contaminated water from swimming pools, hot tubs and spa baths. Systemic therapy may be indicated in patients with widespread lesions, systemic symptoms or in immunosuppressed patients. We describe a 23-year-old healthy woman who developed a pustular rash and general malaise after using a spa bath contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial culture from a pustule confirmed Pseudomonas folliculitis and the patient was treated with ciprofloxacin with rapid good effect.

A case of childhood granulomatous perioral dermatitis (CGPD)/facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption (FACE) in a three year old boy from Madagascar is described. This disorder occurs predominantly in black children until puberty. It is a relatively uncommon condition of unknown aetiology characterized by a monomorphic, papular eruption around the mouth, nose and eyes. The disorder looks like sarcoidosis, but it is benign and self-limited and not associated with any systemic manifestations. In our case we treated the patient with Elidel (pimecrolimus) with an excellent result.

Asymmetric peri-flexural exanthem of childhood is a "new" disease, which has never been reported by Danish authors. It is characterized by an asymmetric maculopapular exanthem in early childhood. The exanthem is initially unilateral and localised close to the axilla, but it spreads centrifugally during the first week, becomes more widespread and resolves spontaneously within four to six weeks. We describe two cases of this entity.