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The Atikamekw Nehirowisiw Nation has for several years been developing a code of practice (orocowewin notcimik itatcihowin) to regulate hunting, fishing and plant harvesting activities in Nitaskinan, its ancestral territory. The Atikamekw Nehirowisiw code of practice is a collective project that sets out to put its territorial regulations in writing. The project's objective is threefold: to ensure the transmission of territorial knowledge and of rules relating to forest activities; to adapt these rules, passed on by ancestors, to the contemporary context; and to have them recognised by non-natives and the governments of other nations, including the governments of Canada and Quebec. This article presents some of the issues related to the process of writing and coding orocowewin notcimik itatcihowin, the Atikamekw Nehirowisiw code of practice; in particular, the importance of the oral tradition as a means of transmitting knowledge is emphasised. In our language, we say "atisokana ki atisokan" – we are infused and transformed by the narratives transmitted orally. This mode of transmission is politically, philosophically and emotionally significant. It is a unique way for us to let the heart speak, through direct contact, without interference.

The number of municipal councillors and aldermen in the Brussels-Capital Region is relatively high, and increases at each election. In the debates on the functioning of the political institutions of the Region the idea to reduce the number of local representatives is regularly raised. This contribution explores the possible implications of such a reduction. Three scenarios are examined: a reduction by 10 %, by 20 % and by 30 %. For each of these scenarios, the consequences for the ideological diversity in the municipal councils, the workload for the representatives and the aldermen, the formation of coalitions, the gender balances and the position of the Dutch speaking elected representatives are simulated. For the smaller fractions, the Dutch speaking representatives and the gender balances the effects are clearly negative.

The number of municipal councillors and aldermen in the Brussels-Capital Region is relatively high, and increases at each election. In the debates on the functioning of the political institutions of the Region the idea to reduce the number of local representatives is regularly raised. This contribution explores the possible implications of such a reduction. Three scenarios are examined: a reduction by 10 %, by 20 % and by 30 %. For each of these scenarios, the consequences for the ideological diversity in the municipal councils, the workload for the representatives and the aldermen, the formation of coalitions, the gender balances and the position of the Dutch speaking elected representatives are simulated. For the smaller groups, the Dutch speaking representatives and the gender balances the effects are clearly negative.

The number of municipal councillors and aldermen in the Brussels-Capital Region is relatively high, and increases at each election. In the debates on the functioning of the political institutions of the Region the idea to reduce the number of local representatives is regularly raised. This contribution explores the possible implications of such a reduction. Three scenarios are examined: a reduction by 10 %, by 20 % and by 30 %. For each of these scenarios, the consequences for the ideological diversity in the municipal councils, the workload for the representatives and the aldermen, the formation of coalitions, the gender balances and the position of the Dutch speaking elected representatives are simulated. For the smaller fractions, the Dutch speaking representatives and the gender balances the effects are clearly negative.

In 2019-2020, the Brussels Capital Region will be home to some 24 000 more students than there were in 2013-2014, in preschool, primary and secondary education. This growth generates additional needs in infrastructure, but also in teachers. An interuniversity research team from the Université Libre de Bruxelles, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Université Saint-Louis and the Université catholique de Louvain have analysed the data available so as to have a clearer view of the Brussels perspective. The IBSA/BISA Cahier No 5, summarised in a Brussels Studies Fact Sheet, lays out their estimates of the number of teachers needed in 2019-2020.

In 2019-2020, the Brussels Capital Region will be home to some 24 000 more students than there were in 2013-2014, in preschool, primary and secondary education. This growth generates additional needs in infrastructure, but also in teachers. An interuniversity research team from the Université Libre de Bruxelles, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Université Saint-Louis and the Université catholique de Louvain have analysed the data available so as to have a clearer view of the Brussels perspective. The IBSA/BISA Cahier No 5, summarised in a Brussels Studies Fact Sheet, lays out their estimates of the number of teachers needed in 2019-2020.

In 2019-2020, the Brussels Capital Region will be home to some 24 000 more students than there were in 2013-2014, in preschool, primary and secondary education. This growth generates additional needs in infrastructure, but also in teachers. An interuniversity research team from the Université Libre de Bruxelles, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Université Saint-Louis and the Université catholique de Louvain have analysed the data available so as to have a clearer view of the Brussels perspective. The IBSA/BISA Cahier No 5, summarised in a Brussels Studies Fact Sheet, lays out their estimates of the number of teachers needed in 2019-2020.

This article deals with the socio-spatial situation of Hip-Hop. The study of the spatiality of breakdance battles and training illustrates the contemporary transformations which affect the practices related to this culture. With a growing maturity and the evolution of the social basis of these dancers, breakdance has left the ghetto, literally and figuratively. It takes place currently outside the most disadvantaged areas of the city, in the most mixed neighbourhoods at ethnic and socioeconomic level. Breakdance continues to face great difficulties entering the traditional cultural circuits. Daily artistic activities are in a delicate situation, as the organisation of training depends almost entirely on the initiative of the dancers themselves, who must often develop strategies to set up informal places for their activities. However, this type of appropriation of the public or semi-public space does not take place smoothly. The ignorance with respect to hip-hop culture and its relatively bad image, combined with the dancers’ status as vulnerable users in the places they frequent, generate risks of eviction. Less appealing places which are deserted at certain hours – typically railway stations or underground stations – are used more and more.

This article deals with the socio-spatial situation of Hip-Hop. The study of the spatiality of breakdance battles and training illustrates the contemporary transformations which affect the practices related to this culture. With a growing maturity and the evolution of the social basis of these dancers, breakdance has left the ghetto, literally and figuratively. It takes place currently outside the most disadvantaged areas of the city, in the most mixed neighbourhoods at ethnic and socioeconomic level. Breakdance continues to face great difficulties entering the traditional cultural circuits. Daily artistic activities are in a delicate situation, as the organisation of training depends almost entirely on the initiative of the dancers themselves, who must often develop strategies to set up informal places for their activities. However, this type of appropriation of the public or semi-public space does not take place smoothly. The ignorance with respect to hip-hop culture and its relatively bad image, combined with the dancers’ status as vulnerable users in the places they frequent, generate risks of eviction. Less appealing places which are deserted at certain hours – typically railway stations or underground stations – are used more and more.

This article deals with the socio-spatial situation of Hip-Hop. The study of the spatiality of breakdance battles and training illustrates the contemporary transformations which affect the practices related to this culture. With a growing maturity and the evolution of the social basis of these dancers, breakdance has left the ghetto, literally and figuratively. It takes place currently outside the most disadvantaged areas of the city, in the most mixed neighbourhoods at ethnic and socioeconomic level. Breakdance continues to face great difficulties entering the traditional cultural circuits. Daily artistic activities are in a delicate situation, as the organisation of training depends almost entirely on the initiative of the dancers themselves, who must often develop strategies to set up informal places for their activities. However, this type of appropriation of the public or semi-public space does not take place smoothly. The ignorance with respect to hip-hop culture and its relatively bad image, combined with the dancers’ status as vulnerable users in the places they frequent, generate risks of eviction. Less appealing places which are deserted at certain hours – typically railway stations or underground stations – are used more and more.

This text is a short account or summary of urban imaginations which have conditioned the formal view of the development of public space since the creation of the Brussels-Capital Region.It presents different periods which have constituted turning points and overlappings in the evolution of these imaginations.Through concrete examples, the text illustrates in particular how development practices for public space became recognised, at first through projects which were simply aimed at a better balance in the distribution of public space, and then progressively through projects which integrated questions regarding use and the architectural qualities of developments. The author discusses in particular the influence of the “neighbourhood contract” urban revitalisation tool in this evolution.The texts ends with the identification of new methodological challenges facing public spaces in Brussels, as regards the understanding of the different levels as well as project formalisation processes.

This text is a short account or summary of urban imaginations which have conditioned the formal view of the development of public space since the creation of the Brussels-Capital Region.It presents different periods which have constituted turning points and overlappings in the evolution of these imaginations.Through concrete examples, the text illustrates in particular how development practices for public space became recognised, at first through projects which were simply aimed at a better balance in the distribution of public space, and then progressively through projects which integrated questions regarding use and the architectural qualities of developments. The author discusses in particular the influence of the “neighbourhood contract” urban revitalisation tool in this evolution.The texts ends with the identification of new methodological challenges facing public spaces in Brussels, as regards the understanding of the different levels as well as project formalisation processes.

This text is a short account or summary of urban imaginations which have conditioned the formal view of the development of public space since the creation of the Brussels-Capital Region.It presents different periods which have constituted turning points and overlappings in the evolution of these imaginations.Through concrete examples, the text illustrates in particular how development practices for public space became recognised, at first through projects which were simply aimed at a better balance in the distribution of public space, and then progressively through projects which integrated questions regarding use and the architectural qualities of developments. The author discusses in particular the influence of the “neighbourhood contract” urban revitalisation tool in this evolution.The texts ends with the identification of new methodological challenges facing public spaces in Brussels, as regards the understanding of the different levels as well as project formalisation processes.

In the Brussels political area, the 13 June 2010 federal elections did not bring about shifts in the electorate which were as spectacular as those seen in Flanders or Wallonia if we refer to the 2007 elections. Significant changes may nevertheless be seen, in particular the progress made by the Socialist Party and the Reform Movement’s loss of ground during the elections. It is nevertheless interesting, in the timing of political and electoral life, to turn to the last elections – the 2009 Brussels regional elections – in order to analyse the shifts which occurred in the Brussels spectrum in the “short” period of political life, punctuated by events and changes which affect – sometimes quickly – the perceptions and the representations of parties and political life. The shifts which took place between the 2009 regional elections and the 2010 federal elections are analysed in this article. The work is based on an exit poll organised by the Centre d’étude de la vie politique (CEVIPOL) at Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), with 3 000 inhabitants of Brussels.

In the Brussels political area, the 13 June 2010 federal elections did not bring about shifts in the electorate which were as spectacular as those seen in Flanders or Wallonia if we refer to the 2007 elections. Significant changes may nevertheless be seen, in particular the progress made by the Socialist Party and the Reform Movement’s loss of ground during the elections. It is nevertheless interesting, in the timing of political and electoral life, to turn to the last elections – the 2009 Brussels regional elections – in order to analyse the shifts which occurred in the Brussels spectrum in the “short” period of political life, punctuated by events and changes which affect – sometimes quickly – the perceptions and the representations of parties and political life. The shifts which took place between the 2009 regional elections and the 2010 federal elections are analysed in this article. The work is based on an exit poll organised by the Centre d’étude de la vie politique (CEVIPOL) at Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), with 3 000 inhabitants of Brussels.

In the Brussels political area, the 13 June 2010 federal elections did not bring about shifts in the electorate which were as spectacular as those seen in Flanders or Wallonia if we refer to the 2007 elections. Significant changes may nevertheless be seen, in particular the progress made by the Socialist Party and the Reform Movement’s loss of ground during the elections. It is nevertheless interesting, in the timing of political and electoral life, to turn to the last elections – the 2009 Brussels regional elections – in order to analyse the shifts which occurred in the Brussels spectrum in the “short” period of political life, punctuated by events and changes which affect – sometimes quickly – the perceptions and the representations of parties and political life. The shifts which took place between the 2009 regional elections and the 2010 federal elections are analysed in this article. The work is based on an exit poll organised by the Centre d’étude de la vie politique (CEVIPOL) at Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), with 3 000 inhabitants of Brussels.