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The Muslim world adopted paper centuries before Christian Europe. Knowledge of its production spread from Moorish Andalusia across Europe in the 13th century. But, as cheaper western technology took the [...]

This paper reviews and compares selections from the feminist historiography of architecture in Canada and the United States in order to consider how feminist revisions have affected architectural history in [...]

The powerful reverberations of Mary Wilkins Freeman's 'The Revolt of 'Mother'' lasted for decades. (1) The story, which connected issues of gender, control of finances on the farm, and the [...]

Beverley Bailey is Associate Professor at Brandon University. She teaches Counselling and Educational Psychology in the Faculty of Education and has also taught in the First Nations and Aboriginal counselling degree program. Her research interests are currently focussed on change in both schools and faculties of education., ABSTRACT/RESUME In this paper, I recount the circumstances which have caused me to question deeply my own complicity in Eurocentric education, which is really all we have to offer our [...]

Many people were involved in producing the seven volumes that make up the fourth series of the Royal Society catalogue of scientific papers. Included were about two hundred volunteers and about one hundred people working either on short-term contracts or carrying out piece work. At the Royal Society there was a small, largely female, secretariat working full-time. It included both clerical and bibliographic staff. Coordinating all the work was the chemist Herbert McLeod, appointed director of the catalogue in 1901. As is discussed, the position of director was created especially for him after his forced retirement from the Royal Indian Engineering College. The paper shows the complexity of the work involved in producing the catalogue, as well as something of the office culture at the Royal Society in the early twentieth century. The working conditions of the women employees, and prevailing attitudes toward the largely female clerical and bibliographic staff, are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The papers included in this section of American Indian Quarterly were originally presented at the ninety-ninth annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association held in San Francisco on 17 November [...]

By the end of 1939 all hope for a lasting peace in either Europe or Asia had vanished. German leader Adolf Hitler had already incorporated into Germany both Austria and [...]

Muckraking tabloid weeklies were a largely successful--and invariably controversial--part of Canadian English-language journalism in the years between the First and Second World Wars. While Bob Edwards' Calgary Eye Opener and [...]

An historian today looking for second-wave feminist action in Durham, North Carolina during the 1960s and 1970s would, at first glance, find very little. Several efforts were made to found [...]

'Colored people [in San Diego] are not allowed in restaurants, hotels, nor to drink soda water in drugstores, nor can they rent bathing suits at any bathing house or beach [...]

African modernity surely comprises less pervasive outright violence than is suggested by popular representations--the 'New Barbarism', as Paul Richards (1996) calls it. But by now it surely comprises more violent [...]

In presenting our first number to our Patrons, we feel all the diffidence of persons entering upon a new and untried line of business. But a moments reflection upon the [...]

ABSTRACT/RESUME Following World War II, leaders of Canadian Jewry explained antisemitism as an aspect of racial prejudice in general, a problem attributable to pathological individuals who engaged in discrimination and [...]

Martha found out who killed our God the jews did it. When I went to see King of Kings it showed how the jews killed him. Handwritten note from 'Irish [...]

Out of the anti-segregation demonstrations in Birmingham in April and May has come still another episode in the old North-South dispute over the role of journalism and journalists in domestic [...]

In pre-WWI London, mass-circulation publications like Alfred Harmsworth's Comic Cuts and Illustrated Chips, and best-selling novels like Marie Corelli's The Sorrows of Satan, epitomized a commercial culture that arose alongside [...]

Newspapers are male shaped. They are testosterone fueled, knee jerk, confrontational, short term, pompous and status conscious. They are also punchy, strong, uncompromising and incisive. And they reflect the direction [...]

These women have contributed much to their local churches and communities. Yet until recent years, the work of Baptist women was rely recorded. Baptist historians did not preserve women's experiences [...]

One of the many ways in which Victorian London was at the centre of British life and that of the British Empire was by the provision of news. Much of [...]

* Wandsworth Borough in south London is no place for the owners of pets who foul the footpath. In November 1996 the Tory council introduced a policy of `naming and [...]

In April 1946 the University Daily Kansan, the student newspaper at the University of Kansas, published a series of ads called 'Speaking for America.' The ad campaign featured famous Americans [...]

The abstracts were edited by section leader, Tom Vance. History of the Relations between the Sexes. Austin Murphy, Ph.D., Department of Accounting and Finance, Oakland University Utilizing hundreds of references, [...]

The abstracts were edited by section leader Jennifer Redmann. Journey to Poland Journey to Doblin. Nick Block, University of Michigan Travel literature offers a unique form of expression for the [...]

IN NOVEMBER 1898, AS NORTH CAROLINA'S DEMOCRATS COMPLETED their violent campaign against African American Republicans and white Populists, a young Carolinian mischievously asked if white supremacy leaders were happier that [...]

IN A LETTER TO HER SISTER Cassandra, written after reading a report on the war with France in the Hampshire Telegraph, Jane Austen remarked: 'How horrible it is to have [...]

This essay closely examines the chronological and geographic scope of the Salem witchcraft outbreak of 1692, the only mass witch hunt in American history. Drawing upon data about 152 accused witches in over two dozen communities, as well as scholarship in early-modern witchcraft and collective violence, it challenges the traditional image of Salem as a yearlong epidemic of hysteria. Analysis reveals, instead, that accusations progressed as a sequence of limited and brief flare-ups and that the accused were generally logical targets. Within most communities, the witch hunt passed quickly and the number of accused was small. Even in the high profile centers of the storm, such as Salem and Andover, the episode was limited in duration. Everywhere, the victims of 1692 most often resembled those who were traditionally associated with witchcraft in seventeenth-century England and New England. Despite its reputation for irrationality and excess, Salem witchcraft demonstrated the kind of constraints, limits, and coherence that scholars have found in riots, crowds, and other forms of collective violence. Such an approach helps explain how the outbreak spread to numerous communities as well as why the episode came to an end., As the only example of a mass witch hunt in American history, Salem witchcraft exerts a continuing fascination to both scholarly and professional audiences. Its yearlong pursuit of the devil [...]

IN 1826 WILLIAM HAMILTON, A SLAVEHOLDER IN PENDLETON DISTRICT, South Carolina, reported to the authorities 'that his Negro Fellow Dave was violently Beat & abused.' He identified Dave's attackers as [...]

Although the death angel severely afflicted the Alfords of Daviess County in southwestern Indiana during the Civil War, it could not have chosen a family as well-grounded in their religious [...]

In early 1900, Richard Henry Pratt, superintendent of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, invited Zitkala-Sa to travel as a violin soloist with the Carlisle Indian School Band on [...]

This paper examines several aspects of the complex relationship between the city and the Victorian lunatic asylum. The first part of the paper demonstrates that the urban-ness of the public mental hospital has been a point of some degree of ambiguity. Mental hospitals were Janus-like--looking forward to the emerging urban world and yet, at the same time, looking back to a romanticized, rustic past. The second part of the paper adopts a quantitative approach and reveals that, far from the receptacle of strictly urban dwellers, the mental hospitals received a remarkable number of mentally ill from rural regions of the province. This finding, derived from one of the largest database studies of mental hospital patients ever undertaken, revises an important and longstanding argument in the historiography of the North American mental hospital. Cet article examinera plusieurs aspects du rapport complexe entre la ville et l'asile victorien. La premiere partie du texte mettra l'accent sur la dimension urbaine des hopitaux psychiatriques publics et les ambiguites qu'elle comporte au niveau de son identite et de son fonctionnement. En effet, le paradigme des hopitaux psychiatriques est un moyen d'intervenir dans les champs d'opposition sur l'ecart temporel entre le passe rememore, romantique et a la fois pastoral et la vie au present projete sur un monde urbain en plein epanouissement. Janus en serait fier! La deuxieme partie du texte adopte une approche quantitative et indique qu'enplus des habitants strictement urbains, les hopitaux psychiatriques desservaient bon nombre de patients provenant des regions rurales de la province. Cette conclusion, derivee d'une des plus grandes banques de donnees entreprises sur les patients hospitalises, remet en question un argument important et pertinent en historiographie de l'hopital psychiatrique nord-americaine., Introduction The history of mental health and psychiatry has witnessed tremendous popularity among scholars. The literature is vast, and constitutes, alongside the history of public health, one of the most [...]

Tan Teck Soon was an influential Chinese scholar who contributed to the reformist impulse within the Chinese community in Singapore around the turn of the 20th century. This article calls attention to the importance of Tan's work, which has been comparatively neglected by historians. It examines the nature of Tan's political thought and provides a detailed analysis of two significant articles which were markers of his political development. The article emphasizes the salience of concepts of progress in Tan's thinking, and charts the radicalization of his political ideas during the first decade of the 20th century. Keywords: Tan Teck Soon, overseas Chinese, Chinese nationalism, political thought, colonial Malaya, Singapore., This article focuses on the work of an outstanding Chinese Singaporean scholar who was active in the significant cultural and political movements that took place in Singapore around the end [...]

RECENT HISTORICAL SCHOLARSHIP on the political culture of the early United States has turned from analyzing ideologies and issues to examining the personalities and motivations of the first party leaders. [...]

In June 1885, Benjamin Wilson, once one of the stalwarts of Halifax Chartism, organized a reunion of local former Chartists at Maude's Temperance Hotel. The occasion was the passing of [...]

Introduction The Revd Walter Gregor (1825-97) was born and raised in the North East of Scotland where he was to live until his retirement when he moved to Bonnyrigg, near [...]

There are increasing claims regarding the attachments that Latin American immigrants have to their home countries and their potential roles as lobbyists for their countries of origin. These claims are not based on systematic analyses of immigrant perspectives and behavior but reflect instead the rhetoric and aspirations of home country and immigrant leaders. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which such claims reflect immigrant attitudes and behavior. Specifically, it will draw on surveys of Latin American immigrants that examine how they view home country issues, their levels of involvement in activities related to home countries and the strength of their attachments to U.S. institutions and society. This paper will pay particular attention to attitudes and behaviors directly linked to politics as distinct from those tied to cultural and social realms., Introduction What is the role that immigrants play as foreign policy actors in the United States? Since the early 1990s, there has been a widespread fear that immigrants may become [...]

There has been an increasing interest in borders from a variety of disciplines. This paper scrutinizes an extensive range of literature in the border studies. Initially, it draws a conceptual framework that clarifies how to approach and study borders. Later, it identifies constantly evolving concerns in the border studies from a historical perspective. It provides valuable insights into how to understand this continually progressing research area. It argues that borders are not just about producing a bounded space but also producing a social collectiveness. Bordering is an on-going process through which socio-spatial homogenisations and differentiations occur. Borders inform individual and collective identities; they shape and are shaped by collective and individual consciousness. Borders, by definition, are about creating and taking sides, which construct many more associated dichotomies: inside-outside; we-they; inclusion-exclusion; and us-the other. The process of imagining the existence of 'other' is crucial in creating borders. The paper also argues that there is a need to move beyond many dichotomies in border studies: symbolic or material; real or imaginary; barriers or zones of cultural encounters; top-down or bottom-up; and frontiers or multiple sites. This paper provides an important insight into this constantly evolving research area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IN THE EARLY MORNING HOURS OF OCTOBER 31, 1946, SOMEONE dynamited the front porch of Goldsmith and Minnie Sibley, African Americans who had recently bought their clapboard house on Ashby [...]

On September 18, 1850, President Millard Fillmore signed the Fugitive Slave Law, the most controversial element of the Compromise of 1850. This law has been characterized as 'one of the [...]

The papers collected here all deal with North-East Africa or, politically speaking, with IGAD (1) countries. Within this geographical framework, they address subjects as diverse as new states and justifications [...]

Exploring Washington Irving's vine and oak metaphor regarding gendered responses to financial failure, this case study analyzes couples' strategies to cope with the financial panic of 1857 in Nininger City, Minnesota, a boom-town that went bust. Just as Irving's fictional couple in 'The Wife' dealt with the husband's financial failure in culturally defined, gender appropriate ways, Nininger families attempted to withstand business failures and mortgage foreclosures even as they strove to display a middle-class lifestyle. Evidence from letters, diaries, court records, and census data demonstrates that some husbands left Nininger seeking new opportunities to preserve their property and support their families, while wives attempted to represent the family's financial stability by staying in the town and keeping up appearances. Women did this through their insistence on a comfortable house to protect the family not only from harsh winters but also from those judging the family's precarious financial circumstances. In some marriages, gendered responses were transgressed by wives adopting husband's strategies temporarily, as in the case of Katherine and Ignatius Donnelly, or by divorce proceedings resulting from husbands' improper use of wives' property; the latter in particular challenged the mutual dependence of the husband/oak and wife/vine in weathering the financial crisis., As the vine which has long twined its graceful foliage about the oak, and been lifted by it into sunshine, will, when the hardy plant is rifted by the thunderbolt, [...]

ENGINEER, EDUCATOR, and community builder Arthur Morgan casts a long shadow across the first hall of the twentieth century. As the chief engineer of numerous water control projects, especially in [...]

On November 1 and 2 of 2002, New York University hosted 'The American Dilemma Revisited: Psychoanalysis, Social Policy, and the Socio-Cultural Meaning of Race,' a conference representing an attempt to [...]

IN THE 1780s JOHN BALL SR., RECENTLY MARRIED TO HIS FIRST COUSIN and inheritor of several hundred acres on two plantations from his late father, assumed leadership of one of [...]

DURING THE SECOND HALF of the nineteenth century, the rapid urbanization of Europe sparked a set of complex, often contradictory reactions to life in the large modern city. Europe's urban [...]

This article examines the book distribution efforts of the Connecticut Missionary Society between 1798 and 1812. As part of an effort to aid Congregationalist migrants in frontier settlements, the society [...]

Meeting at Port Huron, Michigan in 1962, the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) issued a manifesto outlining the worldview of a new generation of young radicals. The Port Huron [...]

In the history of the American home front during the Second World War, Detroit holds a special place, as the Motor City was at the heart of major wartime transformations. [...]

Slave sales in British America were the focal point at which British transatlantic traders and local merchants disposed of cargoes of enslaved Africans, filling the coffers of British merchants and [...]

Early in the twentieth century, with the extension of scientific management techniques and the assembly line as dominant models of administration and production, industrial managers attempted to assert greater control [...]

Extant major approaches to states and revolutions privilege the role of state practices and the character of war-making in shaping modern state-making in the Third World. Bringing the role of ideology into this analytical landscape of state-making, this paper advances an alternative claim that ideological practices shape modern state structures and practices as well as the dynamics of political contention between the state and the revolutions. First, I argue that that intra-movement ideological dynamics within the nationalist movement can have a profound impact on the structure and practices of the state. Using the writings of the party leaders, memoirs and official publications of the Burmese communist party, I maintain that subtle and specific ideological differences amongst the Burmese leftist movements generated organizational splits and internecine conflicts in the nationalist struggle, which exerted profound influences on the structures and practices of the Burmese state Secondly, relative ideological positions of the state and the revolutionary movements play an important role in shaping the dynamics of contention between the state and revolution. For example, an intimate web of ideological affinity between the nascent Burmese state and the Burmese leftist movements shaped the context and content of political contention between the state and these movements in the post-colonial Burma. To address these issues empirically, the first part of the paper examines the formation and cementation of organizational linkages amongst Burmese leftist nationalists during the anti-colonial struggle. The second part of the paper addresses specific and subtle ways in which ideological character and practices of the Burmese state and the Burmese Communist party shaped state practices and state structures in modern Burma as well as the dynamics of political contention between the state and the revolutionary movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]