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The COVID-19 has placed pandemic modeling at the forefront of the whole world's public policymaking. Nonetheless, forecasting and modeling the COVID-19 medical waste with a detoxification center of the COVID-19 medical wastes remains a challenge. This work presents a Fuzzy Inference System to forecast the COVID-19 medical wastes. Then, people are divided into five categories are divided according to the symptoms of the disease into healthy people, suspicious, suspected of mild COVID-19, and suspicious of intense COVID-19. In this regard, a new fuzzy sustainable model for COVID-19 medical waste supply chain network for location and allocation decisions considering waste management is developed for the first time. The main purpose of this paper is to minimize supply chain costs, the environmental impact of medical waste, and to establish detoxification centers and control the social responsibility centers in the COVID-19 outbreak. To show the performance of the suggested model, sensitivity analysis is performed on important parameters. A real case study in Iran/Tehran is suggested to validate the proposed model. Classifying people into different groups, considering sustainability in COVID 19 medical waste supply chain network and examining new artificial intelligence methods based on TS and GOA algorithms are among the contributions of this paper. Results show that the decision-makers should use an FIS to forecast COVID-19 medical waste and employ a detoxification center of the COVID-19 medical wastes to reduce outbreaks of this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new responsive-green-cold vaccine supply chain network during the COVID-19 pandemic is developed for the first time. According to the proposed network, a new multi-objective, multi-period, multi-echelon mathematical model for the distribution-allocation-location problem is designed. Another important novelty in this paper is that it considers an Internet-of-Things application in the COVID-19 condition in the suggested model to enhance the accuracy, speed, and justice of vaccine injection with existing priorities. Waste management, environmental effects, coverage demand, and delivery time of COVID-19 vaccine simultaneously are therefore considered for the first time. The LP-metric method and meta-heuristic algorithms called Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithms are then used to solve the developed model. The other significant contribution, based on two presented meta-heuristic algorithms, is a new heuristic method called modified GWO (MGWO), and is developed for the first time to solve the model. Therefore, a set of test problems in different sizes is provided. Hence, to evaluate the proposed algorithms, assessment metrics including (1) percentage of domination, (2) the number of Pareto solutions, (3) data envelopment analysis, and (4) diversification metrics and the performance of the convergence are considered. Moreover, the Taguchi method is used to tune the algorithm's parameters. Accordingly, to illustrate the efficiency of the model developed, a real case study in Iran is suggested. Finally, the results of this research show MGO offers higher quality and better performance than other proposed algorithms based on assessment metrics, computational time, and convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Iran, location is usually done by temporary relief organizations without considering the necessary standards or conditions. The inappropriate and unscientific location may have led to another catastrophe, even far greater than the initial tragedy. In this study, the proposed locations of crisis management in the region and the optimal points proposed by the Geographic Information System (GIS), taking into account the opinions of experts and without the opinion of experts, were evaluated according to 18 criteria. First, the optimal areas have been evaluated according to standard criteria extracted by GIS and the intended locations of the region for accommodation in times of crisis. Then, the position of each place is calculated concerning each criterion. The resulting matrix of optimal options was qualitatively entered into the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Evaluation (PROMETHEE) for analysis. The triangular fuzzy aggregation method for weighting and standard classification of criteria for extracting optimal areas using GIS and integrating entropy and the Multiobjective Optimization Based on Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method for prioritizing places in the region are considered in this research. Finally, by applying constraints and using net input and output flows, optimal and efficient options are identified by PROMETHEE V. Among the research options, only four options were optimal and efficient. A case study of the Tehran metropolis is provided to show the ability of the proposed approach for selecting the points in three modes, with/without applying weights and applying crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Configuration of sustainable supply chains for agricultural products has been a well-known research field recently which is continuing to evolve and grow. It is a complex network design problem, and despite the abundant literature in the field, there are still few models offered to integrate social impacts and environmental effects to support network design decision-making to support the configuration of the citrus supply chain. In this work, the citrus supply chain design problem is investigated by integrating the production, distribution, inventory control, recycling and locational decisions in which the triple bottom lines of sustainability, as well as circularity strategy, are addressed. Accordingly, a novel multi-objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is proposed to formulate a multi-period multi-echelon problem to design the sustainable citrus Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) network. To solve the developed model, the ε-constraint approach is employed in small-sized problems. Furthermore, Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II (SPEA-II) and Pareto Envelope-based Selection Algorithm II (PESA-II) algorithms are used in medium- and large-sized problems. Taguchi design technique is then utilized to adjust the parameters of the algorithms efficiently. Three well-known assessment metrics and convergence analysis are regarded to test the efficiency of the suggested algorithms. The numerical results demonstrate that the SPEA-II algorithm has a superior efficiency over PESA-II. Moreover, to validate the applicability of the developed methodology, a real case study in Mazandaran/Iran is investigated with the help of a set of sensitivity analyses. • Developing a novel tri-objective MILP model for a citrus CLSC network design problem. • Addressing sustainable development and circular economy in the problem. • Applying four meta-heuristic methods to treat the problem complexity. • Investigating a real case study problem with a set of sensitivity analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of March 24, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized to bleed the newly recovered from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), i.e., the ones whose lives were at risk, separate Plasma from their blood and inject it to COVID-19 patients. In many cases, as observed the plasma antibodies have cured the disease. Therefore, a four-echelon supply chain has been designed in this study to locate the blood collection centers, to find out how the collection centers are allocated to the temporary or permanent plasma-processing facilities, how the temporary facilities are allocated to the permanent ones, along with determining the allocation of the temporary and permanent facilities to hospitals. A simulation approach has been employed to investigate the structure of COVID-19 outbreak and to simulate the quantity of plasma demand. The proposed bi-objective model has been solved in small and medium scales using ɛ -constraint method, Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II (SPEA-II), Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) and Multi Objective Invasive Weed Optimization algorithm (MOIWO) approaches. One of the novelties of this research is to study the system dynamic structure of COVID-19's prevalence so that to estimate the required plasma level by simulation. Besides, this paper has focused on blood substitutability which is becoming increasingly important for timely access to blood. Due to shorter computational time and higher solution quality, MOIWO is selected to solve the proposed model for a large-scale case study in Iran. The achieved results indicated that as the plasma demand increases, the amount of total system costs and flow time rise, too. The proposed simulation model has also been able to calculate the required plasma demand with 95% confidence interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops a novel mathematical model to design a sustainable mask Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network (CLSCN) during the COVID-19 outbreak for the first time. A multi-objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is proposed to address the locational, supply, production, distribution, collection, quarantine, recycling, reuse, and disposal decisions within a multi-period multi-echelon multi-product supply chain. Additionally, sustainable development is studied in terms of minimizing the total cost, total pollution and total human risk at the same time. Since the CLSCN design is an NP-hard problem, Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimization (MOGWO) algorithm and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) are implemented to solve the proposed model and to find Pareto optimal solutions. Since Meta-heuristic algorithms are sensitive to their input parameters, the Taguchi design method is applied to tune and control the parameters. Then, a comparison is performed using four assessment metrics including Max-Spread, Spread of Non-Dominance Solution (SNS), Number of Pareto Solutions (NPS), and Mean Ideal Distance (MID). Additionally, a statistical test is employed to evaluate the quality of the obtained Pareto frontier by the presented algorithms. The obtained results reveal that the MOGWO algorithm is more reliable to tackle the problem such that it is about 25% superior to NSGA-II in terms of the dispersion of Pareto solutions and about 2% superior in terms of the solution quality. To validate the proposed mathematical model and testing its applicability, a real case study in Tehran/Iran is investigated as well as a set of sensitivity analyses on important parameters. Finally, the practical implications are discussed and useful managerial insights are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]