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为提高蛋白基Pickering乳液稳定性，采用美拉德反应制备乳清分离蛋白（WPI）-葡聚糖（Dex）接枝物，然后利用该接枝物制得蛋白基固体颗粒，再与中链甘油三酯制备Pickering乳液，考察WPI-Dex接枝物对蛋白基固体颗粒乳化活性、乳化稳定性和蛋白基Pickering乳液乳析指数的影响，以及Pickering乳液在不同pH、加热温度、贮藏时间下粒径的变化。结果表明：扫描电镜观察到共价接枝Dex将WPI形貌结构由球状转变为片状，十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证实干法美拉德反应成功制备了WPI-Dex接枝物；与WPI相比，WPI-Dex接枝物的乳化活性和乳化稳定性分别增加了57.8%和138.5%；WPI和WPI-Dex接枝物Pickering乳液贮藏30 d时的乳析指数分别为52.3%和36.0%，WPI-Dex接枝物使Pickering乳液的乳析稳定性提高了31.2%；WPI-Dex接枝物Pickering乳液具有良好的pH稳定性、热稳定性和贮藏稳定性。综上，蛋白质糖基化接枝修饰是提高天然蛋白质Pickering乳液稳定性的有效方法。In order to improve the stability of protein-based Pickering emulsion, Maillard reaction was used to prepare the whey protein isolate(WPI)-dextran(Dex) conjugate. The WPI-Dex conjugate was used to prepare protein-based solid particles, and then Pickering emulsion was prepared with medium-chain triglyceride. The effects of the WPI-Dex conjugate on the emulsification activity, emulsion stability of protein-base solid particles and creaming index of Pickering emulsion were investigated, as well as the change of diameter of Pickering emulsion under different pH, heating temperature and storage time. The results showed that scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed the covalently grafted Dex transformed the morphologic structure of WPI from globular to flake. The WPI-Dex conjugate was successfully prepared by the dry state Maillard reaction, which was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Compared with WPI, the emulsification activity and emulsion stability of WPI-Dex conjugate increased by 57.8% and 138.5%, respectively. The creaming indexes of WPI and WPI-Dex conjugate Pickering emulsion stored for 30 d were 52.3% and 36.0%, respectively, and the creaming stability of WPI-Dex conjugate Pickering emulsion increased by 31.2%. WPI-Dex conjugate Pickering emulsion had good pH stability, thermal stability and storage stability. In conclusion, the glycosylation graft modification of protein is an effective method to improve the stability of natural protein Pickering emulsions.

Wine is renowned for its rich content of polyphenols, including resveratrol (Res), known for their health promoting properties. Steamed clam with wine, a popular Mediterranean delicacy that highlights the role of wine as a key ingredient. However, despite these benefits, resveratrol's low bioavailability poses challenges. Could the process of steaming together with clam alter the digestive fate of resveratrol from wine? This study explores the potential of proteoglycan-based nanoparticles from freshwater clam (CFNPs) as a delivery vehicle for enhancing the stability and bioavailability of resveratrol, compared with wine and free Res' solution, aiming to elucidate mechanisms facilitating Res' absorption. The results demonstrated that CFNPs can effectively encapsulate Res with an efficiency over 70%, leading to a uniform particle size of 70.5±0.1 nm (PDI < 0.2). Resveratrol loaded in CFNPs (CFNPs-Res) exhibited an improved antioxidant stability under various conditions, retaining over 90% of antioxidant capacity after three-day storage at room temperature. The controlled-release profile of Res loaded in CFNPs fits both first and Higuchi order kinetics and was more desirable than that of wine and the free Res. Examined by the simulated gastrointestinal digestion, CFNPs-Res showed a significantly higher bioaccessibility and antioxidant retention compared to free Res and the wines. The discovery and use of food derived nanoparticles to carry micronutrients and antioxidants could lead to a shift in functional food design and nutritional advice, advocating much more attention on these entities over solely conventional molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The omega-3 fatty acid desaturase enzyme gene FAD3 is responsible for converting linoleic acid to linolenic acid in plant fatty acid synthesis. Despite limited knowledge of its role in cotton growth, our study focused on GhFAD3-4, a gene within the FAD3 family, which was found to promote fiber elongation and cell wall thickness in cotton. GhFAD3-4 was predominantly expressed in elongating fibers, and its suppression led to shorter fibers with reduced cell wall thickness and phosphoinositide (PI) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels. Transcriptome analysis of GhFAD3-4 knock-out mutants revealed significant impacts on genes involved in the phosphoinositol signaling pathway. Experimental evidence demonstrated that GhFAD3-4 positively regulated the expression of the GhBoGH3B and GhPIS genes, influencing cotton fiber development through the inositol signaling pathway. The application of PI and IP6 externally increased fiber length in GhFAD3-4 knock-out plants, while inhibiting PI led to a reduced fiber length in GhFAD3-4 overexpressing plants. These findings suggest that GhFAD3-4 plays a crucial role in enhancing fiber development by promoting PI and IP3 biosynthesis, offering the potential for breeding cotton varieties with superior fiber quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the benefits of ultrasound-guided intermittent thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) combined with intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in alleviating postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Patients and Methods: 120 patients with lung carcinoma undergoing VATS were included and divided into three groups: group S (single TPVB+PCIA), group I (intermittent TPVB+PCIA), and group P (PCIA). The patients' NRS scores, postoperative hydromorphone hydrochloride consumption, and intramuscular injection of bucinnazine hydrochloride were recorded. The incidence of PONV and complications were documented. Results: Compared with the group P, both group I and group S had significantly lower static NRS scores from 1– 48 hours after the operation (P < 0.05), and the dynamic NRS score of group I at the 1– 48 hours after the operation were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the group P, the proportion of patients with PONV in group I was significantly lower (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in group S. Moreover, the hospitalization period of patients in group I was significantly reduced compared with the other two groups (P < 0.01), and the patient satisfaction was significantly increased compared with the group P (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Intermittent TPVB combined with PCIA can reduce the postoperative pain and the occurrence of PONV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Modern perioperative guidelines encourage drinking oral carbohydrates 2 h before management. Nevertheless, research on the safety of preoperative carbohydrate drinks, particularly in extremely elderly patients is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the safety of carbohydrate drinks 2 h before surgery in extremely elderly patients (≥ 80 years) using gastric ultrasonography. Methods: We conducted a randomized prospective comparative study of 70 patients aged over 80 years who were scheduled for total knee arthroplasty, hip fracture or humerus fracture surgery. These patients were randomly assigned to the carbohydrate group (n = 35), which fasted from midnight, except for drinking 355 mL of a carbohydrate-containing fluid 2 h before surgery, or the fasting group (n = 35), which fasted from midnight and drank no fluid before surgery. The primary outcome of the study was the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum in the right lateral decubitus position (RLDP) before surgery. The secondary outcomes included CSA in the supine position, intraoperative blood glucose levels and their variability coefficients, Perlas grade, and the visual analog scale of subjective feelings. Results: The CSA in the RLDP and supine positions revealed no differences between the carbohydrate and fasting groups at 0 h preoperatively (P > 0.05). In the qualitative assessment, preoperative 0-h Perlas grading did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05). From 2 h before surgery to transfer out of the post-anesthesia care unit, the average blood glucose level of patients in the carbohydrate group was significantly higher than that in the fasting group (P < 0.001) but remained within the normal range. Moreover, the blood glucose variability coefficient was significantly lower in the carbohydrate group than in the fasting group (P = 0.009). Oral intake of 355 mL carbohydrates before surgery significantly relieved patients' feelings (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative consumption of carbohydrate drinks 2 h before surgery is safe in "healthy" extremely elderly patients. In addition, preoperative drinking has potential value in maintaining ideal blood glucose levels and stable blood glucose fluctuations perioperatively and improving subjective perceptions of preoperative preparation. This finding warrants further investigation in clinical practice. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration Number ChiCTR1900024812), first registered on 29/07/2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rejoining of bone sticks holds significant importance in studying the historical and cultural aspects of the Han Dynasty. Currently, the rejoining work of bone inscriptions heavily relies on manual efforts by experts, demanding a considerable amount of time and energy. This paper introduces a multi-scale feature fusion Siamese network guided by edge contour (MFS-GC) model. Constructing a Siamese network framework, it first uses a residual network to extract features of bone sticks, which is followed by computing the L2 distance for similarity measurement. During the extraction of feature vectors using the residual network, the BN layer tends to lose contour detail information, resulting in less conspicuous feature extraction, especially along fractured edges. To address this issue, the Spatially Adaptive DEnormalization (SPADE) model is employed to guide the normalization of contour images of bone sticks. This ensures that the network can learn multi-scale boundary contour features at each layer. Finally, the extracted multi-scale fused features undergo similarity measurement for local matching of bone stick fragment images. Additionally, a Conjugable Bone Stick Dataset (CBSD) is constructed. In the experimental validation phase, the MFS-GC algorithm is compared with classical similarity calculation methods in terms of precision, recall, and miss detection rate. The experiments demonstrate that the MFS-GC algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 95.5% in the Top-15 on the CBSD. The findings of this research can contribute to solving the rejoining issues of bone sticks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown carbon (BrC) aerosol could impact atmospheric radiative forcing and play a crucial role in atmospheric photochemistry. In this study, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) filter samples were collected synchronously in four major cities in northwestern China during the winter season (December 2019–January 2020): Lanzhou (LZ), Xining (XN), Yinchuan (YC), and Ürümqi (UR), which are represented as energy-producing and heavy manufacturing cities in China. The primary aim of the study is to explore the optical properties, sources, and chemical processes of water-soluble BrC (WS-BrC). The average mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (MAE 365) of WS-BrC at these four cities was 1.24 ± 0.19 m 2 g -1 (XN), 1.19 ± 0.12 m 2 g -1 (LZ), 1.07 ± 0.23 m 2 g -1 (YC), and 0.78 ± 0.16 m 2 g -1 (UR). The properties of WS-BrC were further investigated by an acid–base titration experiment. The results showed that the MAE 365 values in all cities increased with higher pH values (2–11), while the fluorescence intensities of water extracts fluctuated with pH values, being stronger under both highly acidic and basic conditions. The sensitivity to pH variation was most pronounced in the WS-BrC samples from YC and LZ, indicating the important contribution of acid or base functional group compounds in these locations. Additionally, the study revealed significant photo-enhancement (LZ) or photo-bleaching (YC and UR) phenomena of WS-BrC in different cities. These results suggest that the sources and/or chemical processes of WS-BrC varied among the cities. The sources and chemical processes of WS-BrC were further explored by a combination of parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) on excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectra of WS-BrC and positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) on high-resolution mass spectra of water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA). Six PARAFAC components were identified, including three humic-like substances (HULIS; two less oxygenated (LO) HULIS and one highly oxygenated (HO) HULIS), two protein-like or phenol-like substances (PLS), and one undefined substance. Four PMF factors were identified, including a water-soluble primary OA (WS-POA), a less oxidized oxygenated OA associated with coal combustion-induced WSOA (LO-OOA), and two highly oxidized oxygenated OAs resulting from photochemical oxidation and aqueous-phase oxidation transformations (HO-OOA1 and HO-OOA2). WS-POA was determined to be the most significant source of light absorption, accounting for 30 %–60 % based on multiple linear regression models, and it showed a significant correlation with PLS and LO-HULIS components. The loss of light absorption of WS-POA was found to occur through its conversion to LO-OOA and HO-OOAs through photochemical or aqueous reactions, with HO-OOAs being significantly correlated with the HO-HULIS component. These processes can be clearly illustrated by integrating optical properties and chemical composition using a Van Krevelen diagram and an EEM plot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]