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In this paper, we investigate whether investors respond differently to news coverage from local media and overseas media relying on the special setting of A‐ and H‐cross‐listing in China. By employing the abnormal stock return variance and the abnormal trading volume as investor reaction proxies, we document that both A‐share and H‐share investors tend to have stronger reactions to their own local media than to overseas media (referred to as local media preference). To provide further support, we utilize three natural experiments, that is, the introduction of colocation by the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, the launch of Shanghai‐Hong Kong Stock Connect, and the inclusion of A‐shares in MSCI indices as well as alternative ways to construct our main variables. In addition, we also confirm that this local media preference strengthens the market segmentation between these two share classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is underdiagnosed and especially undertreated in China. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of unknown and untreated AF in community residents (≥65 years old) and to determine whether an education intervention could improve oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription. Methods and findings: We performed a single–time point screening for AF with a handheld single-lead electrocardiography (ECG) in Chinese residents (≥65 years old) in 5 community health centers in Shanghai from April to September 2017. Disease education and advice on referral to specialist clinics for OAC treatment were provided to all patients with actionable AF (newly detected or undertreated known AF) at the time of screening, and education was reinforced at 1 month. Follow-up occurred at 12 months. In total, 4,531 participants were screened (response rate 94.7%, mean age 71.6 ± 6.3 years, 44% male). Overall AF prevalence was 4.0% (known AF 3.5% [n = 161], new AF 0.5% [n = 22]). The 183 patients with AF were older (p < 0.001), taller (p = 0.02), and more likely to be male (p = 0.01), and they had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease than those without AF (p < 0.001). In total, 85% (155/183) of patients were recommended for OAC treatment by the established guidelines (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2 for men; ≥ 3 for women). OAC prescription rate for known AF was 20% (28/138), and actionable AF constituted 2.8% of all those screened. At the 12-month follow-up in 103 patients (81% complete), despite disease education and advice on specialist referral, only 17 attended specialist clinics, and 4 were prescribed OAC. Of those not attending specialist clinics, 71 chose instead to attend community health centers or secondary hospital clinics, with none prescribed OAC, and 15 had no review. Of the 17 patients with new AF and a class 1 recommendation for OAC, only 3 attended a specialist clinic, and none were prescribed OAC. Of the 28 AF patients taking OAC at baseline, OAC was no longer taken in 4. Ischemic stroke (n = 2) or death (n = 3) occurred in 5/126 (4%), with none receiving OAC. As screening was performed at a single time point, some paroxysmal AF cases may have been missed; thus, the rate of new AF may be underestimated. Conclusions: We demonstrated a noticeable gap in AF detection and treatment in community-based elderly Chinese: actionable AF constituted a high proportion of those screened. Disease education and advice on specialist referral are insufficient to close the gap. Before more frequent or intensive screening for unknown AF could be recommended in China, greater efforts must be made to increase appropriate OAC therapy in known AF to prevent AF-related stroke. Ji-Guang Wang and colleagues highlight the gap between AF screening and treatment in Chinese residents over 65 years of age. Author summary: Why was this study done?: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm problem that often has no symptoms, so it is often underdiagnosed. People with AF can have a very high stroke risk, which is highly preventable with appropriate oral anticoagulant (OAC) medications. Neither the prevalence of unknown and untreated AF in the Chinese community nor whether patient education in the community health center has the potential to improve OAC prescription are known. What did the researchers do and find?: We screened for AF in residents aged ≥65 years in community health centers in Shanghai and provided disease education and advice on referral to specialist clinics for OAC treatment to people with newly detected or undertreated known AF. We demonstrated a noticeable gap in AF detection and treatment: 2.8% of those screened had unknown or untreated AF. At 12 months, only 17/103 people with newly detected or undertreated known AF attended specialist clinics, and only 4/17 had commenced OAC therapy. What do these findings mean?: We highlight a serious public health issue in China with underdiagnosis and undertreatment of AF in the community that requires a whole-of-system approach. To prevent AF-related stroke in China, greater efforts must be made to increase appropriate OAC therapy in people with AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE Atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension are prevalent chronic disease conditions in the elderly population. In the present cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between blood pressure (BP) and AF in an elderly Chinese population. METHOD Our elderly (≥65 years) subjects were residents recruited from 6 communities in Shanghai from 2006 to 2017. Atrial fibrillation was systematically screened by rest 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) or by a handheld single-lead ECG. BP status was defined according to the European hypertension guidelines as optimal, normal, or high-normal BP, and stage 1, 2, or 3 hypertension. RESULT In the 6,966 participants (women 56.0%, mean age: 72.3 years), the prevalence of AF was 3.3%, and the prevalence of hypertension was 58.7% (83.7% treated). In all participants, the association with prevalent AF was negative for systolic BP (odds ratio [OR] per 10-mm Hg increase 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.88, P < 0.0001) but positive for diastolic BP (OR per 5-mm Hg increase 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.22, P = 0.02). In untreated participants (n = 3,544), the association with prevalent AF was U-shaped for both systolic and diastolic BP, with the nadir at high-normal BP and a significantly higher risk of prevalent AF in optimal systolic BP (OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.65–5.85, P = 0.004) and stage 2 or 3 diastolic hypertension relative to the nadir (OR: 8.04, 95% CI: 2.28–28.3, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In the elderly population, BP shows a complicated relationship with prevalent AF, with high-normal BP at the lowest risk and optimal systolic BP and stage 2 or 3 diastolic hypertension at increased risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Breeding habitat can influence rice frog abundance and morphology. • Rice frog in farmland ditches exhibited highest abundance and lowest body condition. • Diverse waterbody types in agricultural landscapes benefit rice frog population. Amphibians are threatened by the intensification of agriculture throughout the world. Several studies have considered the morphology of animals to be an indicator of the health of a population, but differences in anuran morphology (especially body condition) in different breeding habitats in agricultural landscapes remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated differences in the abundance and morphology of the rice frog (Fejervarya multistriata) in three waterbody types (ten farmland irrigation ditches, ten fruit forest drainage ditches, and ten lotus ponds) in agricultural landscapes in Shanghai, China. We sampled the snout–vent length, body mass, and body condition index for 206 individual rice frogs from the three types of waterbody. Our results showed that the abundance of rice frogs was higher in farmland irrigation ditches than in the other two habitats, whereas the snout–vent length, body mass, and body condition index of rice frogs were lower in farmland irrigation ditches than in the other two habitats. Our results suggest that breeding habitats in agricultural landscapes have different effects on rice frog abundance and morphology, and that constructing diverse waterbodies (other than farmland irrigation ditches) in the same agricultural landscape might benefit the condition of rice frogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A rare member of metallo-β-lactamases genes, blaSIM-1, carried by a 316-kb plasmid designated pSIM-1-BJ01 was isolated from a clinical cephalosporins- and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiellapneumoniae 13624. This is the first sequence report of a transferable blaSIM-1-carrying conjugative plasmid isolated from K. pneumoniae. Purpose: The sequence analysis of pSIM-1-BJ01 will help us to identify genes responsible for conjugation, plasmid maintenance and drug resistance, to understand the evolution and control the dissemination of resistance plasmids. Patients and methods: K. pneumoniae 13624 was isolated from the urine specimen of a patient. Bacterial genomic DNA was sequenced with PacBio RSII platform. Results: Most of the pSIM-1-BJ01 backbone matches that of pRJA166a, which was isolated from a clinical hypervirulent K. pneumoniae ST23 strain at Shanghai, China, recently. The highly homologous backbones between the two plasmids imply the close relationship of evolution. Two different multidrug-resistant regions both carrying the class 1 integrons with different resistance genes have been assembled into the pSIM-1-BJ01. Besides, the other two resistance plasmids, pKP13624-1 carrying blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-15 and pKP13624-2 carrying blaCTX-M-14 and blaLAP-2 were also identified. Conclusion: The emergence of the blaSIM-1-carrying IncHI1B pSIM-1-BJ01 suggests the spread of blaSIM among Enterobacteriaceae is possible. We should pay more attention to supervise and control the dissemination of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia in public hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-Mao China has been increasingly managed mathematically, not the least in its judicial system. In this paper, I looked into some of the mathematical indicators used to judge the performance of judges in this nation, and ascertained their effects on the judicial decisions on medical malpractices in Shanghai. The findings of this paper support the previous study that qualitatively identified the judicial responses to such a quantified evaluation system. Underlying the effect of performance indicators is the Chinese judiciary's bending toward populist pressure. Essentially, therefore, this paper serves to place in perspective the judicial populism well documented in the latest literature on Chinese judiciary. At the same time, however, my study also endorses the theory on courts' reluctance to exercise discretion in a hierarchical judicial system. Thus, as hinted by the data, the actual behaviors of Chinese judges might be complex under a combination of institutional constraints embodying policy preferences of political leaders as well as structural characteristics of the judiciary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the dissolved-phase chemicals and solid-phase particulate matter (PM) in a combined sewer overflow (CSO), the event mean concentrations of typical particulate-band and dissolved-band contaminants were analyzed. Particulate-band chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorous formed the majority of particles, while only around 50% of the total nitrogen was found in the particulate-band. Particle size distributions (PSDs) for PM in 49 CSO samples collected during seven rainfall events, and 18 run-off samples collected during two rainfall events, were analyzed. Variation in PSDs in both CSO and dry weather flow samples occurred with sample storage time. Mean values of particle size in CSO samples were not significantly different from median values for particles within the size range from 0.41 to 3,080 μm, at a 95% confidence level. Values for D50 and D90 for PSDs of PM in both CSO and run-off samples were higher than for previous studies. It was caused by high flow rates during the operation of storm water lifting pumps. The first flush of particles in different size ranges was quantitatively evaluated using PSDs and total suspended solids in each sample. Given the prevalence of CSOs in China and other countries, knowledge of the PSD, and its variation with time, facilitates both the design of CSO treatment procedures and optimization of wastewater treatment plants; it also provides important input for modeling water treatment operations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Spread of SARS-CoV-2 led to a global pandemic, and there remains unmet medical needs in the treatment of Omicron infections. VV116, an oral antiviral agent that has potent activity against SARS-CoV-2, was compared with a placebo in this phase 3 study to investigate its efficacy and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. This multicentre, double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled study enrolled adults in hospitals for infectious diseases and tertiary general hospitals in China. Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using permuted block randomisation to receive oral VV116 (0·6 g every 12 h on day 1 and 0·3 g every 12 h on days 2–5) or oral placebo (on the same schedule as VV116) for 5 days. Randomisation stratification factors included SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status and the presence of high-risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. Inclusion criteria were a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, an initial onset of COVID-19 symptoms 3 days or less before the first study dose, and a score of 2 or more for any target COVID-19-related symptoms in the 24 h before the first dose. Patients who had severe or critical COVID-19 or who had taken any antiviral drugs were excluded from the study. The primary endpoint was the time to clinical symptom resolution for 2 consecutive days. Efficacy analyses were performed on a modified intention-to-treat population, comprising all patients who received at least one dose of VV116 or placebo, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, and did not test positive for influenza virus before the first dose. Safety analyses were done on all participants who received at least one dose of VV116 or placebo. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05582629 , and has been completed. A total of 1369 patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups and 1347 received either VV116 (n=674) or placebo (n=673). At the interim analysis, VV116 was superior to placebo in reducing the time to sustained clinical symptom resolution among 1229 patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1·21, 95% CI 1·04–1·40; p=0·0023). At the final analysis, a substantial reduction in time to sustained clinical symptom resolution was observed for VV116 compared with placebo among 1296 patients (HR 1·17, 95% CI 1·04–1·33; p=0·0009), consistent with the interim analysis. The incidence of adverse events was similar between groups (242 [35·9%] of 674 patients vs 283 [42·1%] of 673 patients). Among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, VV116 significantly reduced the time to sustained clinical symptom resolution compared with placebo, with no observed safety concerns. Shanghai Vinnerna Biosciences, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, and the National Key Research and Development Program of China. For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Optimal strategies for prevention and treatment for post-stroke depression (PSD) remain unclear and a greater understanding of effect of resilience on PSD is promising. The aim was to examine the association between baseline resilience and depression at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge, which contributes to early detection and management of PSD.Methods: A total of 217 ischemic stroke survivors were recruited in two tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China from February 2017 to January 2018. The Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to assess resilience at acute hospitalization. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was employed to ascertain baseline anxiety, baseline depression, and post-discharge depression. Social-demographic and disease-related information were obtained from participants' self-report and medical records. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were independently associated with PSD.Results: The prevalence of depression at baseline was 21.2% and at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge was 34.4%, 33.2%, and 29.2%, respectively. Logistics regression analyses indicated that resilience may independently predict PSD at 1 month (OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.097, 0.518), 3 months (OR:0.302, 95%CI: 0.151, 0.607), and 6 months (OR: 0.03, 95%CI: 0.006, 0.153) after controlling for social-demographics, disease-related characteristics, baseline anxiety, and baseline depression.Limitations: Non-multicenter survey and mild stroke severity may affect the generalization of these findings. Moreover, response bias should be acknowledged because some participants were read questionnaires out aloud.Conclusion: Resilience is independently associated with PSD at different timepoints. Our findings reveal the important role of resilience as a protective factor against PSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]