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Objectives Prevalence of SLE varies among studies, being influenced by study design, geographical area and ethnicity. Data about the prevalence of SLE in Spain are scarce. In the EPISER2016 study, promoted by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology, the prevalence estimate of SLE in the general adult population in Spain has been updated and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables has been explored. Methods Population-based multicentre cross-sectional study, with multistage stratified and cluster random sampling. Participants were contacted by telephone to carry out a questionnaire for the screening of SLE. Investigating rheumatologists evaluated positive results (review of medical records and/or telephone interview, with medical visit if needed) to confirm the diagnosis. To calculate the prevalence and its 95% CI, the sample design was taken into account and weighing was calculated considering age, sex and geographic origin. Multivariate logistic regression models were defined to analyse which sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables included in the telephone questionnaire were associated with the presence of SLE. Results 4916 subjects aged 20 years or over were included. 16.52% (812/4916) had a positive screening result for SLE. 12 cases of SLE were detected. The estimated prevalence was 0.21% (95% CI: 0.11, 0.40). SLE was more prevalent in the rural municipalities, with an odds ratio (OR) = 4.041 (95% CI: 1.216, 13.424). Conclusion The estimated prevalence of SLE in Spain is higher than that described in most international epidemiological studies, but lower than that observed in ethnic minorities in the United States or the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of gout in Spain.Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study of people aged 20 years or older. First, randomly selected individuals were contacted by telephone and rheumatic disease screening questionnaires were conducted. If the first screening was positive, medical records were then reviewed and/or a phone questionnaire was conducted by a rheumatologist, followed by an appointment if necessary. Newly diagnosed cases had to fulfil the ACR/EULAR 2015 criteria. To calculate the prevalence and its 95% CI, the sample design was taken into account and weighing was calculated according to age, sex and geographic origin.Results: In all, 4916 individuals were included, 1361 had a positive screening result for gout (59 of them reported a prior diagnosis). Of these, 51 were classified as missing and 95 were classified as gout cases. An additional case was detected through a positive screening for fibromyalgia and Sjögren's syndrome, although a previous gout diagnosis was confirmed by a review of the medical records. Of the 96 gout cases, 31 (32%) were de novo diagnoses. The estimated weighted prevalence of gout was 2.4% (95% CI 1.95-2.95), with a higher prevalence in men (4.55% [95%CI 3.65-5.65]) than women (0.38% [95%CI 0.19-0.76]).Conclusion: EPISER2016 is the first population-based study to estimate the prevalence of gout in Spain. Undiagnosed patients accounted for a substantial proportion of cases, highlighting the need for population-approaches when estimating the prevalence of infra-diagnosed diseases. Reliable national approaches are key to obtaining accurate estimates of diseases to better aid healthcare and workforce planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]