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Along with habitat destruction and the intensification of climate change, economic and social development is threatening the living of species. In the context of China's domestic economic circulation, the spatial structure of biodiversity loss is complicated by the decentralization of production, with many regions affecting the survival of species in other regions. Based on the environmentally extended MRIO model, this paper calculated the subnational biodiversity loss footprint through structural path analysis and social network analysis, identified the regional linkages and spatial networks of species loss, and traced the conservation responsibility to specific sectors. Our findings indicate that Yunnan, Tibet, Guangdong, and Sichuan possess the most significant biodiversity footprints, comprising over 40% of the total footprint. In terms of threat patterns, Yunnan and Tibet have the largest intra-regional footprints, indicating their important impact on species within the region; Guangdong and Zhejiang have the largest extra-regional footprints, indicating their role in threatening other species through cross-regional trades. The primary industry, tap water and food and tobacco sectors are major biodiversity footprint producers. Overall, some eastern and coastal areas are the final drivers of biodiversity loss in China, driven by increasingly complex trade links. Notably, the directionality of species loss in biodiversity hotspots is evident, with Shandong and Guangdong significantly influencing the biodiversity of Yunnan and Guangxi, respectively. This study systematically analyzed the complete network of biodiversity loss and divided four biodiversity protection communities to promote the realization of trans-regional protection and compensation. Examining the biodiversity loss through the lens of networks, and connecting economic activities to species, serves as a warning to decision-making bodies that a future of increasingly intricate domestic trade could pose a critical threat to biodiversity, necessitating collaborative conservation efforts. [Display omitted] • 1.Inter-provincial trade contributes to the complex structure of biodiversity loss. • The characteristics of biodiversity footprints vary widely among provinces. • Some eastern and coastal provinces are the final drivers of biodiversity loss. • Four protection communities are established through social network analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • To computationally simulate the ore-forming process in the Luziyuan deposit. • To determine the boundary conditions of the deposit model in a scientific way. • To identify the controlling ore-forming mechanism in the Luziyuan deposit. • To use computational simulations for identifying the location of an ore deposit. The giant Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit is a typical hydrothermal ore-forming deposit in the southern Baoshan block of SE Tibet. Although extensive studies were conducted to understand the ore-forming system associated with the Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit through using the traditional geoscience methods, the ore-forming process involved in this deposit has not been justified in a strictly scientific manner to date. In this paper, the hydrothermal ore-forming process of the Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit is computationally simulated through using the dual length-scale approach associated with the finite element method (FEM). In the dual length-scale approach, the FEM is first used to simulate the regional model of a large length-scale in the geological region where the Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit is located. Afterward, the FEM is then used to simulate the deposit model of the Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit. Particularly, the boundary conditions of the deposit model are consistently determined from using the computational simulation results of the regional model. The related numerical results demonstrated that: (1) the pore-fluid convection provides a continuous source of ore-forming fluid and ore-forming material for the Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit; (2) the convective pore-fluid flow is the main dynamic mechanism, which controls the temperature, pore-fluid velocity and chemical species distribution in the Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit; (3) the localized structure is the main controlling factor for the localized pore-fluid flow pattern, which further controls the formation and location of the orebody in the Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit; (4) the dual length-scale approach associated with the FEM is very useful for simulating the hydrothermal ore-forming process of the Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]