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This paper seeks to assess the utility of the transactional model of individual stress. According to the logic of the model, whether persons manifest stress is a multiplicative function of both situational and individual characteristics. The paper briefly discusses possible advantages of the perspective over other frames of reference. Then it describes a pilot study designed to determine whether hypotheses based on the transactional model could be supported empirically. Utilizing interview data from a small probability sample of all adults in the state of Missouri, scales were constructed by an improved method of item analysis for use as indicators of variations in stress and the situational and individual factors. Comparing stress scores by situational and individual variables produced results indicative of a multiplicative relationship and thus supportive of theories derived from the transactional perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first reviews the descriptions and structural explanations for variations, in urban population densities in the United States over several decades. The research reviewed focuses on shifts in the technology and economics of travel as being the major influences on urban density distributions. These variables appear to be somewhat less adequate as explanations of the process in recent decades. After reviewing these findings and suggesting several research questions, we attempt to assess the evidence relating variations in population density to several other aspects of human behavior. A review of the research relating high population densities to various "social pathologies" indicates that little of the variance in rates of these pathologies can be attributed to density independently of other social structural variables. Some important consequences of population density have been reported, however, and possible research directions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines future alternatives for physical education and sport. The author makes use of the frameworks presented in the books "The Image of the Future" and "The Year 2000: A Framework For Speculation on the Next Thirty-Three Years" to explain different notions that came into existence by earlier studies. The first book argues that future alternatives for physical education and sports must start with a critique of the present environment surrounding it. Earlier studies have presented a three-fold cultural shift and corresponding changes that occurred in the sports and physical education during the course of the century in American society. The other book argues that physical education and sport proposes new approaches for continued organizational controls of human behavior.

The article analyzes the doctrine authored by Cornelius Jansen, Bishop of Ypres, which has been labeled jensinism. The argument consists of an elaboration on two incontrovertible facts: a causative explanation and a programmatic conclusion. These facts state that black people perform more poorly than whites on standard IQ tests, and that special programs of compensatory education were not successful in removing this difference. For the rest of Jensen's article puts the blame for the failure of his science not on the scientists but on the children. According to Jensen, it is not science and its practitioners that have failed to understand human motivation, behavior, and development, but the fact that the kids are ineducable.

This study investigated the frequency with which three subject populations (military, Negro, and "hippy") offered assistance to a stranded motorist (either a long haired mate, a short haired male, a Negro male, or a female). The results indicated that the military was the group most affected by the physical characteristics of the stranded motorist, while the Negro and "hippy" populations appeared to be more egalitarian in offering their assistance. It was suggested that perceived similarity affected the probability of the stranded motorist receiving aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the atomic taboos in the U.S. According to the author, atomic energy and sex have much in common. Both are crucial to survival and neither should go outspanned. By some strange social agreement, they are shunned in polite conversation. He stresses that youngsters appear to cognize more about them compared to their elders, and atomic energy, as sex, is beleaguered by curious taboos. From time to time, the two problems boil into public cognizance in the form of lurid articles in popular magazines. Other significant information relative to the matter is presented.