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The coordinated development of agriculture and tourism is very important. On the basis of the index system of the predecessors, the development effect index after the integration of the subsystems is added, so as to construct the evaluation index system of the integrated development of agriculture and tourism in Inner Mongolia. The entropy weight method is used to set the weight value for each index, and the panel data from 2001 to 2019 collected from the Inner Mongolia Statistical Yearbook and the China Yearbook are analyzed with the coupled coordination degree model. The research results show that the development of agriculture and tourism in Inner Mongolia has been highly coupled since 2004; it has been reluctantly coordinated from 2007 until 2019 to achieve high-quality coordination; from 2001 to 2011, the development of tourism lagged behind the development of agriculture, while after 2012, the development of agriculture has been lagging behind the tourism industry. Wang (Asia Pac J Tour Res 24(6):550–562, 2019), Li and Du (Sustainability 13(10), 2021) had got similar conclusions. The article puts forward suggestions from two aspects. On the one hand, using the tourism as the trigger for the development of agriculture tourism by developing more agricultural-related tourism products so as to fully tap the tourism attributes of agriculture. The marketing of tourism products should be consciously inclined to agriculture; on the other hand, the promoting the development of tourism can be realized by adopting modern agriculture, which includes cultivating new types of large agricultural households, supporting the development of large and medium-sized farms, promoting the development of green agriculture and industrialized and three-dimensional agriculture. The modern agriculture can be deeply integrated with the tourism industry, thereby promoting the development of tourism. The research results and suggestions put forward in this paper have certain reference significance for the coordinated development of agriculture and tourism in Inner Mongolia and Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Great Wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) was the most prominent engineering volume and the most perfect military defense structure in the history of China. By combining traditional historical textual research, site surveys, and GIS database analysis, this paper reveals the Ming Great Wall's spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and the immediate causes of their formation are discussed in the nine military districts of the frontier. The results show that: (1) The general rule of the Ming Great Wall was to set up military forts, passes, piers, and other related defensive facilities before constructing the continuous wall. (2) The Great Wall spatial and temporal distribution of the phases is relatively apparent, divided into five construction phases in the Ming Dynasty (1368–1620): Hongwu to Xuande (1368–1435), unbuilt the wall; Zhengtong to Tianshun (1436–1464), the consecutive wall appeared; Chenghua to Zhengde (1465–1521), the first construction climax of the Great Wall; Jiajing period (1522–1566), the second construction climax of the Great Wall; Longqing to Wanli (1567–1620), the completion of the whole line of the Great Wall.(3)The warfare and defense posture was the immediate factor that prompted the construction of the Great Wall between the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia. This study has some reference significance for restoring the integrity and authenticity of the Ming Great Wall, and contribute to the preservation of the cultural heritage of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070450 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070206 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Photodegradation of plant litter plays a pivotal role in the global carbon (C) cycle. In temperate forest ecosystems, the exposure of plant litter to solar radiation can be significantly altered by changes in autumn phenology and snow cover due to climatic change. How this will affect litter decomposition and nutrient dynamic interacting with forest canopy structure (understorey vs. gaps) is uncertain. In the present study, we conducted a field experiment using leaf litter of early-fall deciduous Betula platyphylla (Asian white birch) and late-fall deciduous Quercus mongolica (Mongolian oak) to explore the effect of change in autumn solar radiation on dynamics of litter decomposition in a gap and understorey of a temperate mixed forest. Results: Exposure to the full-spectrum of not only significantly increased the loss of mass, C, and lignin, but also modified N loss through both immobilization and mineralization during the initial decomposition during autumn canopy opening, irrespective of canopy structure and litter species. These effects were mainly driven by the blue-green spectral region of sunlight. Short-term photodegradation by autumn solar radiation had a positive legacy effect on the later decomposition particularly in the forest gap, increasing mass loss by 16% and 19% for Asian white birch and Mongolia oak, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that earlier autumn leaf-fall phenology and/or later snow cover due to land-use or climate change would increase the exposure of plant organic matter to solar radiation, and accelerate ecosystem processes, C and nutrient cycling in temperate forest ecosystems. The study provides a reference for predictive research on carbon cycling under the background of global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fossils of the genus Yochelcionella Runnegar et Pojeta, 1974 from the Salaanygol and Khairkhan formations of the Zavkhan structural-facies zone were re-studied as a part of the general revision of malacofauna from the Vendian–Lower Cambrian deposits of Western Mongolia. It was found out that studied strata, in addition to the earlier reported species Y. parva Zhegallo, 1996 and Y. crassa Zhegallo, 1996, contain two other forms identified as Y. chinensis Pei, 1985 and Yochelcionella sp. The species Y. chinensis has the widest distribution among representatives of the genus Yochelcionella and can be successfully used to correlate sediments of remote paleobasins. The diagnosis and composition of the genus Yochelcionella are revised, the species Y. chinensis is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of previously collected fossils and of new data on Cambrian mollusks from the Bayangol Formation of Western Mongolia (Zavkhan structural-facies zone) revealed a significant similarity in the taxonomic composition of the mollusk assemblages of Western Mongolia and Southern France (Heraultia Limestone, Marcou Formation, Montagne Noire). In addition to the previously reported four common species (Latouchella korobkovi (Vostokova, 1962), Protoconus orolgainicus (Zhegallo, 1996), Purella tenuis Zhegallo, 1996, and Watsonella crosbyi Grabau, 1900), we have identified ten more common species for these regions including Auricullina auriculata (Vassiljeva, 1990); Bemella jacutica (Missarzhevsky, 1966); "Calbyella" multicostata Missarzhevsky, 1995; Cambroscutum concameratum Kerber, 1988; Helcionella sp.; Merismoconcha tommotica (Zhegallo, 1996); Obtusoconus amplus (Zhegallo, 1982); Prosinuites tripartitus Kerber, 1988; Purella layracensis (Kerber, 1988); and Securiconus sp. We have to reconsider the existing reconstruction of faunal relations of paleobasins on the western framework of Gondwana in terms of substantiating a close faunal exchange with the Zavkhan terrane, which was during the Early Cambrian a part of the chain of microcontinents located at low latitudes between the Siberian Platform in the west and Gondwana in the east. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]