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This paper proposes a decentralized controller to coordinate the reactive power injections of PV generators in order to contribute to the voltage regulation in distribution networks. The control actions are evaluated in the real time by adopting an optimization methodology involving the sensitivity applied to the Lyapunov function. By this approach it is possible to derive an auto-adaptive algorithm that can be implemented on actual distribution network without implying additional costs for infrastructures. Computer simulations have been performed on a MV distribution system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme at different operating conditions and to confirm its ability to work in the real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a centralized control methodology for optimizing nodal voltages of distribution networks by acting on the reactive power produced by PV-inverters. Control actions are centrally evaluated in real-time by solving a constrained dynamic optimization problem aimed at minimizing the voltage deviation from a reference value. The solution of this problem is obtained by adopting an algorithm operating in the continuous time domain based on a fast artificial dynamic system involving the sensitivity theory. By this approach the controller is able to promptly respond to any change in the system operating point, allowing its adoption in the continuous time domain. However, it must be considered that the injection of the reactive power provided by PV-inverters entails greater conduction and switching losses, causing a reduction in the active power output, thus implying less incomings. As a consequence, these additional operating costs have been analyzed and evaluated in order to establish an economic compensation mechanism able to guarantee fair reimbursement to PV generators engaged in this regulation service. Computer simulations performed on an MV distribution system, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme under different operating conditions, confirming its ability to control the network in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]