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Copyright of Journal of Qadisiyah Computer Science & Mathematics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basrah Journal of Science / Magallat Al-Barat Li-L-ulum is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Determiners have been used extensively in a selection of applications throughout history. It also biased many areas of mathematics such as linear algebra. There are algorithms commonly used for computing a matrix determinant such as: Laplace expansion, LDU decomposition, Cofactor algorithm, and permutation algorithms. The determinants of a quadratic matrix can be found using a diversity of these methods, including the well-known methods of the Leibniz formula and the Laplace expansion and permutation algorithms that computes the determinant of any nxn matrix in O(n!). In this paper, we first discuss three algorithms for finding determinants using permutations. Then we make out the algorithms in pseudo code and finally, we analyze the complexity and nature of the algorithms and compare them with each other. We present permutations algorithms and then analyze and compare them in terms of runtime, acceleration and competence, as the presented algorithms presented different results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is concerned with the study of the fixed points of set-valued contractions on ordered g-metric spaces. The first part of the paper deals with the existence of fixed points for these mappings where the contraction condition is assumed for comparable variables. A coupled fixed point theorem is also established in the second part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Qadisiyah Computer Science & Mathematics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The stress – strength model is one of the models that are used to compute reliability. In this paper, we derived mathematical formulas for the reliability of the stress – strength model that follows Rayleigh Pareto (Rayl. – Par) distribution. Here, the model has a single component, where strength Y is subjected to a stress X, represented by moment, reliability function, restricted behavior, and ordering statistics. Some estimation methods were used, which are the maximum likelihood, ordinary least squares, and two shrinkage methods, in addition to a newly suggested method for weighting the contraction. The performance of these estimates was studied empirically by using simulation experimentation that could give more varieties for different-sized samples for stress and strength. The most interesting finding indicates the superiority of the proposed shrinkage estimation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to define and study new separation axioms based on the b-open sets in topological ordered spaces, namely strong b-Ti-ordered spaces(i=0,1,2). These new separation axioms are lying between strong Ti-ordered spaces and b-Ti- spaces (i=0,1,2). The implications of these new separation axioms among themselves and other existing types are studied, giving several examples and counterexamples. Also, several properties of these spaces are investigated; for example, we show that the property of strong b-Ti-ordered spaces (i=0,1,2) is an inherited property under open subspaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hausman and Shapiro gave an estimate for the number of practical numbers to be 0(x ⁄(logx)β ) for every positive β<1/2 ( 1/log2 -1)². In this paper, we generalize Hausman and Shapiro bound by proving the number of t-practical numbers n (n ≤x ), ( t ≥1 ) to be 0(x ⁄(logx)β ) for every positive β<1/2 ( 1/log2 -1)², and 1≤t≤exp.(( logx ) δ1 ) for any δ1 satisfying 0< δ1 <1-1(1 +√2 β) log2 . We mean by the t-practical number n, the number in which every integer 1≤m≤tn is of the form m= ∑ d/n cd d, 0 ≤ cd≤ t [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due it difficult to find applications in topological spaces, which are branches of pure mathematics. The importance of this paper is to find applications in graph theory. So, We Introduced (semi, pre, b, semi-pre)-open subgraph to graph theory. The relations among them were studied. At least many theorems were proofed as a characterization and some examples introduced to explain the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce and study the notions of fuzzy quotient module, fuzzy (simple, semisimple) module and fuzzy maximal submodule. Also, we give many basic properties about these notions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we offer and study a novel type generalized soft-open sets in topological spaces, named soft Ƅc-open sets. Relationships of this set with other types of generalized soft-open sets are discussed, definitions of soft Ƅ , soft bc- closure and soft bc- interior are introduced, and its properties are investigated. Also, we introduce and explore several characterizations and properties of this type of sets. Keywords: soft Ƅ-open set, soft Ƅc-open set, soft Ƅc- nbd, soft Ƅc-interior, soft Ƅcclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the blow-up solutions for a parabolic problem, defined in a bounded domain, are studied. Namely, we consider the upper blow-up rate estimate for heat equation with a nonlinear Neumann boundary condition defined on a ball in . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following question was raised by L.Fuchs: "what are the subgroups of an abelian group G that can be represented as intersections of pure subgroups of G ? . Fuchs also added that “One of my main aims is to give the answers to the above question". In this paper, we shall define new subgroups which are a family of the pure subgroups. Then we shall answer problem 2 of L.Fuchs by these semi-pure subgroups which can be represented as the intersections of pure subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, by using the Banach fixed point theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness theorem of a fractional Volterra integral equation in the space of Lebesgue integrableL1(R+) on unbounded interval [0,∞). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on developing a strategy to represent the -connected ominoes using an abacus. We use the idea of -connected ominoes with respect to a frame in modelling nested chain abacus. Then, we formulate and prove the unique connected partition for any -connected ominoes. Next, the topological structure of nested chain abacus is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the theoretical approach for solvability of impulsive abstract Cauchy problem for impulsive nonlinear fractional order partial differential equations with nonlocal conditions, where the nonlinear extensible beam equation is a particular application case of this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce weak and strong forms of ω-perfect mappings, namely the q-ω-perfect, weakly q-ω-perfect and stronglyq-ω-perfect mappings. Also, we investigate the fundamental properties of these mappings. Finally, we focused on studying the relationship between weakly q-ω-perfect and stronglyq -ω- perfect mappings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to employ the fractional shifted Legendre polynomials (FSLPs) in the matrix form to approximate the fractional derivatives and find the numerical solutions of the one-dimensional space-fractional bioheat equation (SFBHE). The Caputo formula was utilized to approximate the fractional derivative. The proposed methodology applied for two examples showed its usefulness and efficiency. The numerical results showed that the utilized technique is very efficacious with high accuracy and good convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the impacts of variable viscosity , heat and mass transfer on magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic flow in a asymmetric tapered inclined channel with porous medium . The viscosity is considered as a function of temperature. The slip conditions at the walls were taken into consideration. Small Reynolds number and the long wavelength approximations were used to simplify the governing equations. A comparison between the two velocities in cases of slip and no-slip was plotted. It was observed that the behavior of the velocity differed in the two applied models for some parameters. Mathematica software was used to estimate the exact solutions of temperature and concentration profiles. The resolution of the equations to the momentum was based on the perturbation method to find the axial velocity, pressure gradient and trapping phenomenon. The influences of the various flow parameters of the problem on these distributions were debated and proved graphically by figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let W be a unitary left R-module on associative ring R with identity. A submodule F of W is called R-annihilator small if F+T=W, where T is a submodule of W, implies that ann(T)=0, where ann(T) indicates annihilator of T in R. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of R-annihilator-coessential and R- annihilator - coclosed submodules. We give many properties related with these types of submodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we introduce a new type of generalize metric space, which we call Db-metric space as a generalization of both 𝐷-metric and b-metric spaces. Then we prove some fixed point theorem in this space. Also we define a general partial b-metric space as a generalize of a partial bmetric space and study their properties. Finally, find relation between partial b-metric, Db-metric and general partial b-metric spaces [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Qadisiyah Computer Science & Mathematics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we invention all the principle indecomposablespin(projective) characters of the symmetric group S„ /when n = 22 and the characteristic of the field is 19. The principle indecomposable spincharacters of the symmetric group S22 ,also can get it by determine all irreducible spin characters for S22 ,p = 19, and all irreducible modular spin characters for S22 , P = 19 , the sum of multiplication of these characters it represents the principle indecomposable spin(projective) characters of the symmetric group S22.For their more can get on the irreducible spin characters for S22 , p = 19 by fixing all bar partitions for S22 , also we can get on all the irreducible modular spin characters for S22 , p = 19 by(r,r)-inducing method, finally induce the principal indecomposable characters(P.i.s)fromS21 [see creek*) give usprincipal indecomposable characters (P.i.s) or principal characters (P.s) of S22- [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our goal in the present paper is to introduce new type of fuzzy metric space called algebra fuzzy metric space after that some examples is introduced to illustrate this notion. Then basic properties of algebra fuzzy metric space is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ill present paper the concept of WN-semiprime submodule of unitary left R-module G over a commutative ring R with identity are introduced and studied, as a generalization of weakly semiprime submodules. Numerous basic properties of this concept are investigate. Where a proper submodule A of an R-module G is said to be WN-semiprime. if whenever 0 ≠ rnx ∈ A. for r ∈ R ,x ∈ G and n ∈ Z+. implies that rx ∈ A + Rad(G). Furthermore many characterizations of WN-semiprime submodule are introduced. Moreover, some properties of WN-semiprime submodules in some classes of modules are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present an algorithm that compute Dedekind sums s(a, b) .This algorithm implemented by using essential definition of Dedekind sum .since these sums arise in the theory of modular forms and in number theory as well as in various other areas of mathematics. These sums are rational numbers and a table of the exact values is given. Some applications for the important of Dedekind sums were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate the stability and asymptotic stability of the zero solution for the first order delay differential equation þ(t)=-ΣNj=1(t)y(t-τj(t))+f(t,y(t-964;(t)) where the delay is variable and by using Banach fixed point theorem. We give new conditions to ensure the stability and asymptotic stability of the zero solution of this equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we introduce the definition of Lie ideal on inverse semiring and we generalize some results of Herstein about Lie structure of an associative rings to inverse semirings . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and I a fixed ideal R of and M be an unitary R-module. In this paper we introduce and study the concept of I-nearly prime submodules as genrealizations of nearly prime and we investigate some properties of this class of submodules. Also, some characterizations of I-nearly prime submodules will be given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gangyong Lee, S.Tariq Rizvi, and Cosmin S.Roman studied Rickart modules. The main purpose of this paper is to develop the properties of Rickart modules . We prove that each injective and prime module is a Rickart module. And we give characterizations of some kind of rings in term of Rickart modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basrah Journal of Science / Magallat Al-Barat Li-L-ulum is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diyala Journal for Pure Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)