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In recent years, cyberbullying on social media sites has increased among adolescents and even adults. While there are many factors and forms of cyberbullying, schoolchildren are vulnerable groups that are exposed to cyberbullying threats to their mental and emotional health. On the other hand, teachers have the responsibility in the place of the parent while at school, and they need to manage the issue at bay. This study focuses on the identification and analysis of teachers' advice about cyberbullying, thus leading to the conceptualization of a decision-making model for the school to guide other teachers on this matter. This study is an explorative case study conducted in a prominent, semi-private international school in Lingyi, Shandong Province, China. With the purposive sampling approach, thirty-two teachers volunteered in this study; to recap and describe their encounters through writing in an online survey form. As analysis, their responses were validated for trustworthiness, while codes are checked through member checking, and eventually thematically analyzed to address the research questions. Findings from this study revealed a list of tactics that were categorized into three themes: (a) Preventive measures; (b) Counter-measures, and (c) Corrective measures. Each of these categories highlights specific ways that teachers suggest their students to when confronted with cyberbullying. Thereafter, each category was integrated as a model of decision-making in cyberbullying for improvements to the standard operating protocol of the researched school. In addition, this study proposes more similar research in other school settings so that more advisory tactics can be accumulated to enable education policymakers, school administrators, and teachers to make better decisions to manage issues associated with cyberbullying.

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Little is known about the mediating effect of attitude toward older adults on the relationship between aging knowledge and willingness to care for older adults. We applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the knowledge-attitude-behavior (KAB) model as theoretical frameworks to examine the mediation effect of attitude toward older adults. Data from 388 Chinese nursing students were analyzed. The Willingness to Care for Older People (WCOP) scale, Kogan's Attitude toward Older People scale (KAOP) and Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ) were utilized to assess willingness, attitude and aging knowledge, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. 0 with the PROCESS macro. Bootstrap methods were used to obtain the significance of mediating effects. The study showed that aging knowledge was significantly associated with willingness to care for older adults and that attitude toward older adults mediated the association. Bootstrapping method confirmed the significance of the indirect effect of aging knowledge through attitude, accounting for 18.9% of the total willingness variance. Overall, based on the TPB and the KAB theoretical framework, our data support the notion that improving aging knowledge and attitude may contribute to improve the willingness to aged care among nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic methods are valuable tools for addressing water pollution and scarcity, offering effective pollutant removal and resource recovery. To investigate the current status and future trends of electrocatalysis in wastewater treatment, a detailed analysis of 9417 papers and 4061 patents was conducted using scientometric methods. China emerged as the leading contributor to publications, and collaborations between China and the USA have emerged as the most frequent partnerships. Primary article co-citation clusters focused on oxygen evolution reaction and electrochemical oxidation, transitioning towards advanced oxidation processes ("persulfate activation"), and electrocatalytic reduction processes ("nitrate reduction"). Bifunctional catalysts, theoretical calculations, electrocatalytic combination technologies, and emerging contaminants were identified as current research hotspots. Patent analysis revealed seven types of electrochemical technologies, which were compared using SWOT analysis, highlighting electrochemical oxidation as prominent. The technological evolution presented the pathway of electro-Fenton to combined electrocatalytic technologies with biochemical processes, and finally to coupling with electrocoagulation. Standardized evaluation systems, waste resource utilization, and energy conservation were important directions of innovation in electrocatalytic technologies. Overall, this study provided a reference for researchers to understand the framework of electrocatalysis in wastewater treatment and also shed light on potential avenues for further innovation in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Studies on the prognosis and risk stratification of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) – related Burkitt lymphoma (AR-BL) are rare. We aim to construct a novel model to improve the risk assessment of these patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 34 patients over the past 10 years and the factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in univariate and multivariate Cox models. Then, the novel model consisting of screened factors was compared with the existing models. Results: With a 37-month median follow-up, the overall 2-year PFS and OS rates were 40.50% and 36.18%, respectively. The OS of patients who received chemotherapy was better compared with those without chemotherapy (P =.0012). Treatment with an etoposide, prednisone, oncovin, cyclophosphamide, and hydroxydaunorubicin-based regimen was associated with longer OS and PFS compared with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone-based regimen (OS, P =.0002; PFS, P =.0158). Chemotherapy (hazard ratio [ HR ] = 0.075; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.009-0.614) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) 2 to 4 (HR = 4.738; 95% CI, 1.178-19.061) were independent prognostic factors of OS in multivariate analysis and we established a novel prognostic risk stratification model named GZ8H model with chemotherapy and ECOG PS. Conclusion: GZ8H showed better stratification ability than the international prognostic index (IPI) or Burkitt lymphoma IPI (BL-IPI). Furthermore, the C-index of the nomogram used to predict OS was 0.884 in the entire cohort and the calibration curve showed excellent agreement between the predicted and actual results of OS. No human immunodeficiency virus-related factors were found to be associated with OS and PFS of AR-BL patients in our study. Overall, the clinical characteristics and outcomes in AR-BL were shown and prognostic factors for OS and PFS were identified in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY QUESTION Is there any methylome alteration in women with PCOS who were diagnosed using the new international evidence-based guidelines? SUMMARY ANSWER A total of 264 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and 53 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified in patients with PCOS and healthy controls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY PCOS is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) is one of the main features of the disease. Owing to the availability of more sensitive ultrasound machines, the traditional diagnosis of PCOM according to the Rotterdam criteria (≥12 antral follicles per ovary) is currently debated as there is a risk of overdiagnosis. The new international evidence-based guidelines set the threshold for PCOM as ≥20 antral follicles per ovary when using endovaginal ultrasound transducers with a frequency bandwidth that includes 8 MHz. However, current DNA methylation studies in PCOS are still based on the Rotterdam criteria. This study aimed to explore aberrant DNA methylation in patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the new evidence-based guidelines. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This cross-sectional case–control study included 34 PCOS cases diagnosed using new international evidence-based guidelines and 36 controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 70 women, including 34 PCOS cases and 36 controls, were recruited. DNA extracted from whole blood samples of participants were profiled using array technology. Data quality control, preprocessing, annotation, and statistical analyses were performed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to build a PCOS diagnosis model with DNA methylation sites. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We identified 264 DMPs between PCOS cases and controls, which were mainly located in intergenic regions or gene bodies of the genome, CpG open sea sites, and heterochromatin of functional elements. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that DMPs were significantly enriched in biological processes involved in triglyceride regulation. Three of these DMPs overlapped with the PCOS susceptibility genes thyroid adenoma-associated protein (THADA), aminopeptidase O (AOPEP), and tripartite motif family-like protein 2 (TRIML2). Fifty-three DMRs were identified and their annotated genes were largely enriched in allograft rejection, thyroid hormone production, and peripheral downstream signaling effects. Two DMRs were closely related to the PCOS susceptibility genes, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 (KCNA4) and farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1). Finally, based on LASSO regression, we built a methylation marker model with high accuracy for PCOS diagnosis (AUC=0.952). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study cohort was single-center and the sample size was relatively limited. Further analyses with a larger number of participants are required. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to identify DNA methylation alterations in women with PCOS diagnosed using the new international evidence-based guideline, and it provided new molecular insight into the application of the new guidelines. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2700400), Basic Science Center Program of NSFC (31988101), CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-5-001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32370916, 82071606, 82101707, 82192874, and 31871509), Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2020ZLYS02), Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (ts20190988), and Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY QUESTION Was polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which impairs fertility and adheres to the evolutionary paradox, subject to evolutionary selection during ancestral times and did rapidly diminish in prevalence? SUMMARY ANSWER This study strengthened the hypothesis that positive selection of genetic variants occurred and may account for the high prevalence of PCOS observed today. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by both reproductive and metabolic disturbances. As a heritable disease that impairs fertility, PCOS should diminish rapidly in prevalence; however, it is the most common cause of female subfertility globally. Few scientific genetic studies have attempted to provide evidence for the positive selection of gene variants underlying PCOS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed an evolutionary analysis of 2,504 individuals from 14 populations of the 1000 Genomes Project. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We tested the signature of positive selection for 37 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PCOS in previous genome-wide association studies using six parameters of positive selection. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Analyzing the evolutionary indices together, there was obvious positive selection at the PCOS-related SNPs loci, especially within the original evolution window of humans, demonstrated by significant Tajima's D values. Compared to the genome background, six of the 37 SNPs in or close to five genes (DENN domain-containing protein 1A: DENND1A , chromosome 9 open reading frame 3: AOPEP , aminopeptidase O: THADA , diacylglycerol kinase iota: DGKI , and netrin receptor UNC5C: UNC5C) showed significant evidence of positive selection, among which DENND1A , AOPEP , and THADA represent the set of most established susceptibility genes for PCOS. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION First, only well-documented SNPs were selected from well-designed experiments. Second, it is difficult to determine which hypothesis of PCOS evolution is at play. After considering the most significant functions of these genes, we found that they had a wide variety of functions with no obvious association between them. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide additional evidence for the positive evolution of PCOS. Our analyses require confirmation in a larger study with more evolutionary indicators and larger data range. Further research to identify the roles of the DENND1A , AOPEP , THADA , DGKI , and UNC5C genes is also necessary. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2700400 and 2021YFC2700701), Basic Science Center Program of NSFC (31988101), CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-5-001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82192874, 31871509, and 82071606), Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2020ZLYS02), Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (ts20190988), and Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prunus tenella is a rare and precious relict plant in China. It is an important genetic resource for almond improvement and an indispensable material in ecological protection and landscaping. However, the research into molecular breeding and genetic evolution has been severely restricted due to the lack of genome information. In this investigation, we created a chromosome-level genomic pattern of P. tenella, 231 Mb in length with a contig N50 of 18.1 Mb by Hi-C techniques and high-accuracy PacBio HiFi sequencing. The present assembly predicted 32,088 protein-coding genes, and an examination of the genome assembly indicated that 94.7% among all assembled transcripts were alignable to the genome assembly; most (97.24%) were functionally annotated. By phylogenomic genome comparison, we found that P. tenella is an ancient group that diverged approximately 13.4 million years ago (mya) from 13 additional closely related species and about 6.5 Mya from the cultivated almond. Collinearity analysis revealed that P. tenella is highly syntenic and has high sequence conservation with almond and peach. However, this species also exhibits many presence/absence variants. Moreover, a large inversion at the 7588 kb position of chromosome 5 was observed, which may have a significant association with phenotypic traits. Lastly, population genetic structure analysis in eight different populations indicated a high genetic differentiation among the natural distribution of P. tenella. This high-quality genome assembly provides critical clues and comprehensive information for the systematic evolution, genetic characteristics, and functional gene research of P. tenella. Moreover, it provides a valuable genomic resource for in-depth study in protection, developing, and utilizing P. tenella germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) is one of the most dominant species in shrimp farming in China, which is a rich source of protein and contributes to a significant impact on the quality of human life. Thus, more complete and accurate annotation of gene models are important for the breeding research of oriental river prawn. Results: A full-length transcriptome of oriental river prawn muscle was obtained using the PacBio Sequel platform. Then, 37.99 Gb of subreads were sequenced, including 584,498 circular consensus sequences, among which 512,216 were full length non-chimeric sequences. After Illumina-based correction of long PacBio reads, 6,599 error-corrected isoforms were identified. Transcriptome structural analysis revealed 2,263 and 2,555 alternative splicing (AS) events and alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites, respectively. In total, 620 novel genes (NGs), 197 putative transcription factors (TFs), and 291 novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified. Conclusions: In summary, this study offers novel insights into the transcriptome complexity and diversity of this prawn species, and provides valuable information for understanding the genomic structure and improving the draft genome annotation of oriental river prawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The probability of a train running over a bridge when an earthquake occurs is increasing with the total mileage of China's high-speed railway network expanding. To study this issue, a three-dimensional train-track-bridge dynamic interaction system subjected to seismic excitations is established based on commercial mathematical software. Besides, a set of motion equations of the system are derived according to the multibody dynamics, the finite element method theory and the bridge seismic theory. Moreover, in order to study the dynamic response of high-speed railway bridges under earthquake, a series of experiments are conducted on a scaled high-speed railway simple supported bridge model with a ballastless track slab excited by shaking table tests. Meanwhile, the strain of rails, track slabs, base plates and girder in various working conditions are measured by quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing stuck in bridge members. At last, the dynamic response of each structure member is demonstrated in the time and frequency domains. Furthermore, the seismic isolation performance of bridge members, such as fasteners, cement asphalt (CA) mortar layer and so on, is explained in details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dehydration response element binding factor (DREB) is a family of plant-specific transcription factors, whose members participate in the regulation of plant responses to various abiotic stresses. Prunus nana, also known as the wild almond, is a member of the Rosaceae family that is rare and found to grow in the wild in China. These wild almond trees are found in hilly regions in northern Xinjiang, and exhibit greater drought and cold stress resistance than cultivated almond varieties. However, the response of P. nana DREBs (PnaDREBs) under low temperature stress is still unclear. In this study, 46 DREB genes were identified in the wild almond genome, with this number being slightly lower than that in the sweet almond (Prunus dulcis cultivar 'Nonpareil'). These DREB genes in wild almond were separated into two classes. All PnaDREB genes were located on six chromosomes. PnaDREB proteins that were classified in the same groups contained specific shared motifs, and promoter analyses revealed that PnaDREB genes harbored a range of stress-responsive elements associated with drought, low-temperature stress, light responsivity, and hormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements within their promoter regions. MicroRNA target site prediction analyses also suggested that 79 miRNAs may regulate the expression of 40 of these PnaDREB genes, with PnaDREB2. To examine if these identified PnaDREB genes responded to low temperature stress, 15 of these genes were selected including seven homologous to Arabidopsis C-repeat binding factor (CBFs), and their expression was assessed following incubation for 2 h at 25 °C, 5 °C, 0 °C, −5 °C, or −10 °C. In summary, this analysis provides an overview of the P. nana PnaDREB gene family and provides a foundation for further studies of the ability of different PnaDREB genes to regulate cold stress responses in almond plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ammonium and nitrate are the main components of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) from atmosphere, while their ratio varies worldwide. However, it remains unclear whether forest soil ecosystem changes differ when various ratios of mixed N are added. Methods: Ammonium and nitrate were mixed in different ratios (3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, and 7:3) and forest soils were fertilized for four years. Then, the soil pH, microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and organic carbon (SOC) were determined. The potential mechanism was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Ammonium addition induced a greater fungal biomass decrease than nitrate addition (-0.618 vs. -0.329). The fungal biomass decrease further led to a decline in degradation enzymes, which resulted in SOC accumulation. Phosphatase activity increased and correlated with C-degrading enzymatic activities after N addition, indicating that phosphorous may become the limiting factor that controls degradation. Both ammonium and nitrate addition caused soil acidification (P < 0.05), but the acidification did not affect the enzymatic activities (P > 0.05). Moreover, when the added mixed N component ratios were closer to the ambient N component ratios, fewer changes in soil microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and SOC were observed. This can be explained by the home-field advantage, because soil microbes may have adapted more readily to the ambient N components of the sample site and display fewer responses when the added N is nearly similar to the ambient N types. Conclusion: When designing N addition field experiments, the type of N compounds should be considered, besides the amount and duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a type of urban life project in China, bridges need a certain capacity of trains running safely after an earthquake to ensure and guarantee transportation on railway lines, post-disaster reconstruction and relief work. Since aftershocks may occur after the main shock, the earthquake-induced irregularity and aftershock intensity are fully considered, based on the running safety index in the seismic design of bridges. However, there is a lack of research on the running safety of trains after an earthquake; it is mainly judged on experience, and lacks theoretical basis. In this paper, the established finite element model of a train bridge interaction system with symmetry was considered. The point estimation method (PEM) combined with moment expansion approximation (MEA) is used for random calculation of the Housner Intensity (HI). Furthermore, running safety indexes were analyzed and the running safety performance of a simply supported bridge with symmetry was assessed under a post-earthquake condition. Then the limit value, to ensure the traffic safety performance after an earthquake, is calculated based on stochastic analysis. The HI can be calculated with full consideration of the randomness of aftershock intensity and structural parameters. On this basis, a calculation method of the HI that considers the randomness of aftershock intensity is proposed. This study can be helpful for the performance-based design of symmetric railway structures under post-earthquake conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Rhizoma Coptis, is widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China. At present, the efficacy of BBR against HLP is relatively clear, but there are few researches on its mechanism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potentially beneficial role of BBR in HLP hamster models, as well as investigate its possible mechanisms and potential lipid biomarkers in combination with network pharmacology.Methods: HLP hamster model was induced by high-fat diet. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to determine the degree of hepatic pathological injury. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze lipid metabolism profiles of liver samples, and multiple statistical analysis methods were used to screen and identify lipid biomarkers. The possible molecular mechanism was unraveled by network pharmacology.Results: The results showed that 13 metabolites, including CE (16:1), HexCer (D18:1/19:0) and LPC (O-22:0) were biomarkers of BBR regulation. CHPT1, PLA2G4A, LCAT and UGCG were predicted as the lipid-linked targets of BBR against HLP, whilst glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism were the key pathways of BBR against HLP.Conclusions: In summary, this study provides new insights into the protective mechanism of BBR against HLP through network pharmacology and lipidomic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater aquaculture has a long and vibrant tradition in China. The Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris) is a popular economic freshwater fish native to China. Understanding the genetic structure of L. longirostris populations is important for ensuring the efficacy of management practices and the sustainability of future increases in production. In this study, we used Illumina sequencing technology to isolate 20 novel polymorphic microsatellites from the genome of L. longirostris. These microsatellites were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 240 L. longrostris individuals from four populations. Genetic diversity parameters (NA, HO, HE, I, PIC, and FST) of the four farmed L. longirostris populations were analyzed. The level of genetic differentiation among the four farmed L. longirostris populations (inferred by pairwise comparisons of FST values) was low, but the genetic diversity of these populations was high, indicating that they still provide useful sources of genetic variation that could aid in breeding efforts. The STRUCTURE and ADMIXTURE analyses indicated that admixture might be occurring in the four L. longirostris populations, especially between the MS and YB populations. Understanding the genetic diversity of farmed L. longirostris populations and inbreeding prevention could greatly aid in breeding and production. These newly isolated microsatellite markers and the high genetic diversity of L. longirostris populations in the main breeding areas have important implications for the breeding and stock management of L. longirostris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procambarus clarkii is the dominant economic variety of crayfish in China, and paddy field shrimp cultivation is an organic mode of traditional rice-fish cultivation, with paddy field shrimp being the country's prevailing aquatic product. However, little has been reported on the differences in meat quality and digestive ability between paddy field and pond fish. In this study, the muscle composition and digestive function regulation of P. clarkii in ponds and paddies were studied to explore the influence of paddy field culture on P. clarkii quality. The results showed that the muscle composition of paddy field shrimp was significantly changed, with increased protein and decreased lipid levels. Through the study of the hepatopancreas and intestinal microbial diversity of P. clarkii, we hypothesized that rice farming may cause changes in its bacterial spectrum, stimulate the digestive functions of its intestines and hepatopancreas, cause differential expression of multi-substance metabolic pathways, and ultimately result in the substances' deposition in its muscles. This study revealed the impact of rice cultivation on P. clarkii from the perspective of meta-metabolism, and it demonstrated the advantages of paddy field shrimp cultivation. Key points • We explored the influence of paddy field culture on P. clarkii quality. • Muscle composition of paddy field shrimp was significantly changed, with increased protein and decreased lipid levels in paddy field. • Rice farming caused changes in its bacterial spectrum and stimulated the digestive functions of hepatopancreas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: What are the genetic causes of oocyte maturation defects?Summary Answer: A homozygous splicing variant (c.788 + 3A>G) in TATA-box binding protein like 2 (TBPL2) was identified as a contributory genetic factor in oocyte maturation defects.What Is Known Already: TBPL2, a vertebrate oocyte-specific general transcription factor, is essential for oocyte development. TBPL2 variants have not been studied in human oocyte maturation defects.Study Design, Size, Duration: Two infertile families characterized by oocyte maturation defects were recruited for whole-exome sequencing (WES).Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood for WES analysis. Sanger sequencing was performed for data validation. Pathogenicity of variants was predicted by in silico analysis. Minigene assay and single-oocyte RNA sequencing were performed to investigate the effects of the variant on mRNA integrity and oocyte transcriptome, respectively.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: A homozygous splicing variant (c.788 + 3A>G) in TBPL2 was identified in two unrelated families characterized by oocyte maturation defects. Haplotype analysis indicated that the disease allele of Families 1 and 2 was independent. The variant disrupted the integrity of TBPL2 mRNA. Transcriptome sequencing of affected oocytes showed that vital genes for oocyte maturation and fertilization were widely and markedly downregulated, suggesting that a mutation in the transcriptional factor, TBPL2, led to global gene alterations in oocytes.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: Limitations include the lack of direct functional evidence. Owing to the scarcity of human oocyte samples, only two immature MI oocytes were obtained from the patients, and we could only investigate the effect of the mutation at the transcriptional level by high-throughput sequencing technology. No extra oocytes were obtained to assess the transcriptional activity of the mutant oocytes by immunofluorescence, or investigate the effects on the binding of TBPL2 caused by the mutation.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Our findings highlight a critical role of TBPL2 in female reproduction and identify a homozygous splicing mutation in TBPL2 that might be related to defects in human oocyte maturation. This information will facilitate the genetic diagnosis of infertile individuals with repeated failures of IVF, providing a basis for genetic counseling.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1004000, 2017YFC1001504 and 2017YFC1001600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871168, 31900409 and 31871509), the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Province (JQ201816), the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai (SSMU-ZLCX20180401) and the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University. The authors have no competing interests to declare.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a novel approach to measure individual investor sentiment using text-based analysis of millions of posts extracted from Chinese financial online forums. We describe how we built a database of more than 200 million stock posts from online financial forums, created GubaLex, a sentiment dictionary consisting of 48,878 words to allow sentiment analysis, and how we developed GubaSenti, an individual investor sentiment index for the stock market in China. This allowed (1) the first systemic measurement of individual investor sentiment in China; (2) an approach to text-based analysis that reflects investor sentiment about millions of posts about stocks listed in Guba; (3) a way to flexibly measure investor sentiment of a single stock, a sector or an industry and the whole market; and (4) made this possible for daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and yearly time periods. We also examine the relationship of the sentiment proxy and stock returns and compare it with two typical BW metrics in China. Empirical results show that GubaSenti correlates better with market performance than BW metrics in China and can be used to predict market changes in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has been largely controlled in China, to the point where case fatality rate (CFR) data can be comprehensively evaluated.Methods: Data on confirmed patients, with a final outcome reported as of 29 March 2020, were obtained from official websites and other internet sources. The hospitalized CFR (HCFR) was estimated, epidemiological features described, and risk factors for a fatal outcome identified.Results: The overall HCFR in China was estimated to be 4.6% (95% CI 4.5-4.8%, P < 0.001). It increased with age and was higher in males than females. Although the highest HCFR observed was in male patients ≥70 years old, the relative risks for death outcome by sex varied across age groups, and the greatest HCFR risk ratio for males vs. females was shown in the age group of 50-60 years, higher than age groups of 60-70 and ≥ 70 years. Differential age/sex HCFR patterns across geographical regions were found: the age effect on HCFR was greater in other provinces outside Hubei than in Wuhan. An effect of longer interval from symptom onset to admission was only observed outside Hubei, not in Wuhan. By performing multivariate analysis and survival analysis, the higher HCFR was associated with older age (both P < 0.001), and male sex (both P < 0.001). Only in regions outside Hubei, longer interval from symptom onset to admission, were associated with higher HCFR.Conclusions: This up-to-date and comprehensive picture of COVID-19 HCFR and its drivers will help healthcare givers target limited medical resources to patients with high risk of fatality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be major contributors of microplastics to the aquatic environment. Detailed research in China, which is relevant to the local situation, remains in the initial stage. Herein, the microplastic abundance, morphology, and removal efficiency of two WWTPs (C and P) equipped with tertiary treatment processes in different districts of Nanjing, an important city in the Yangtze River Basin, were investigated. The influence of technology, operational parameters, daily capacity, and sewage source and its proportion were discussed. Observations by optical microscope and FT-IR analysis and systematic calculation revealed that the microplastics have four shapes, including fragments, granules, film, and fibers, with various sizes and proportions, which were dependent on wastewater source. The total removal rates of 97.67% and 98.46% for WWTP C and WWTP P, respectively, indicated their highly efficient reduction of microplastics. Treatment technology had a considerable influence on the removal rate, especially the secondary and tertiary processes. However, a large number of microplastics from WWTPs were still released into the environmental waters due to the huge daily capacity. Sewage source determined the concentration, morphology feature, and chemical composition of microplastics to a certain extent. Compared with industrial wastewater, domestic wastewater possibly contained smaller microplastics of polyethylene and polypropylene with lower abundance. Furthermore, additional attention was provided on the flocculation process, drainage system, and treatment efficiency of microplastics with different shapes. This work is expected to provide some technical supports to guide the operation and management of WWTPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating impact of land use pressures indicates we've exceeded the proposed safe planetary boundary. Economic shifts and increased trade drive China's demand for agricultural and forestry products, land-use changes, and subsequent biodiversity damage often occur far from where they are consumed. Given many species in China are endemic or endangered, neglecting these interconnected economic trends threatens its biodiversity conservation targets. Here, we first quantify species loss due to six land use types embodied in the life cycle at the Chinese sub-national level. Then, a Chinese high-resolution multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model was used to link threatened species to key industrial sectors in the supply chain, tracking the spatiotemporal patterns of land use species loss embodied in Chinese trade from 2007 to 2017. Our results reveal a 6% increase in aggregated species loss in China during the study period. This subtle change in species loss footprints in recent years is partially due to increases in consumption levels being offset by reductions in species loss intensity, though drivers vary by region. Notably, the Northwest and Southwest, known for their high species richness, suffer the greatest inequalities in species loss. The domestic species loss transfer most apparent in the outsourcing from the Eastern Coast to the Southwest. The Southwest registered the highest territory-based species loss, particularly for amphibians, while the highest impacts in the supply chain are associated with Forestry, logging, and related activities. Our analysis underscores the need for enhanced provincial dialogue to systematically value and monitor biodiversity, a key natural capital, and encourage its conservation. Our study effectively monitors the consumption-based species losses across China, which can further improve knowledge and dialogue on ecological challenges associated with trade. • EEIO-based methods track China's slow land use species loss increase (2007–2017). • The most apparent biodiversity threat outsourcing is from seaboard to Southwest. • "Forestry, logging, and related services" has the highest species loss footprint. • Southwest has highest territory-based species loss, especially for amphibians. • Species loss intensity declines in China, while Industrial structures' role reverses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The length‐weight relationships (LWRs) of three native fish species (Triplophysa hsutschouensis, Gymnocypris chilianensis and Triplophysa tenuis) from the middle reaches of the Sule River in China were determined. Samples were obtained from April 2019 to April 2021 using various types of fishing gear. The sample size, length range, weight range, LWR, 95% confidence intervals of a and b, and correlation coefficients of each species were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: Does the inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphism affect the phenotype of offspring?Summary Answer: Male offspring who inherit PCOS-related genetic variations from PCOS mothers were more susceptible to developing the metabolic abnormality in their later life.What Is Known Already: Genetic factors are considered the major etiology of PCOS. Previous studies have highlighted that offspring of women with PCOS had an increased risk of the same disease or PCOS-like symptoms.Study Design, Size, Duration: The study involved 172 children born to women with PCOS and 529 children born to non-PCOS women. All offspring were conceived by assisted reproductive technologies.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: The offspring ranged from 1 to 8 years old. Metabolic phenotype analyses were performed in offspring aged from 2 to 8 (N = 619). Sanger sequencing, TaqMan and Sequenom MassARRAY were used to sequence the samples.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: In male offspring, the fasting insulin (FINS) (P = 0.037) homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.038) and the homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic beta-cell function (HOMA-β) (P = 0.038) levels were higher in offspring of PCOS mothers compared to controls. In female offspring, PCOS offspring had a significantly higher anti-Müllerian hormone levels (P = 0.001) compared to those from control mothers. In male offspring of PCOS mothers, subjects with a T allele at rs2349415 in the gene FSHR had higher FINS (P = 0.023), HOMA-IR (P = 0.030) and HOMA-β levels (P = 0.013) than those in the homozygous CC group. The same increased trend in FINS, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β levels could be found in the CC and TC group in rs2268361 located in gene FSHR compared to the TT group (P = 0.029, P = 0.030, P = 0.046, respectively). As for rs10818854 in the DENND1A gene, the AA and AG group had a higher FINS (P = 0.037) and HOMA-β (P = 0.008) levels than the homozygous CC group.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: Firstly, the offspring may be too young to see any phenotype changes. Secondly, this study only analyzed the differences of genotype frequency using the dominant model instead of all three models due to the limited sample size of the homozygous model. The results, therefore, should be replicated and performed in a larger sample size population. Thirdly, environmental impacts cannot be ruled out.Wider Implications Of the Findings: The findings presented in this thesis add to our understanding the changes in offspring born to PCOS women and remind us to consider early intervention to avoid more severe effects.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2017YFC1001000 (to Z.-J.C.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81430029 (to Z.-J.C.), 81622021 and 31571548 (to H.Z.), the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province JQ201816 (to H.Z.) and Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program 2017G006036 (to L.-L.C.) and 2018YFJH0504 (to Z.-J.C.). There are no conflicts of interest to declare.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botia superciliaris, an endemic cobitid fish in China, is widely accepted by Chinese consumers because its edibility. Recently, the black and yellow stripes of B. superciliaris skin have made this species increasingly popular as a novel ornamental fish. However, the genetic basis of the stripe patterns in B. superciliaris skin has not been extensively studied. In this study, Illumina sequencing was employed to identify the mRNAs and miRNAs involved in stripe pattern formation in B. superciliaris skin. A total of 147.25 and 155.15 million (M) high-quality transcriptome reads were generated from three black and yellow skin libraries respectively, which resulted in 159,327 unigenes that were used as reference sequences. A total of 3169 genes exhibited significantly differential expression patterns (fold-change ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5 and q ≤ 0.05), including 1891 upregulated genes (59.67%) and 1278 downregulated genes (40.33%) in black vs yellow skin. These genes were enriched in 50 GO terms and 10 KEGG pathways (q ≤ 0.05), including melanogenesis, with 21 upregulated genes and 5 downregulated genes in black vs yellow skin. Based on the zebrafish genome, miRNA-seq identified a total of 355 miRNAs, which included 38 novel miRNAs. Furthermore, 87 differentially expressed miRNAs including 50 upregulated and 37 downregulated miRNAs were identified in different color skin (fold-change ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5 and q ≤ 0.05). Then, target prediction revealed a variety of putative target genes; differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs patterns of high-throughput sequencing were validated in 5 mRNAs and miR-217-5p by qRT-PCR. In vivo tests and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that overexpression of miR-217-5p can inhibit pheomelanin formation by targeting Zgc. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted to profile the transcriptome of black and yellow skin for B. superciliaris, and we detected key genes and important miRNAs involved in the B. superciliaris skin pigmentation process. These results will enhance understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying skin pigmentation and facilitate molecular-assisted selection of highly valued skin colors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The first mitochondrial genome of Tetraclita japonica from China was presented. The mitochondrial genome of T. japonica CN is a circular DNA molecule containing 15,192 bp. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs genes and 22 tRNAs. Four PCGs, seven tRNAs, and two rRNAs are encoded on the light strand (trnF, nd5, trnH, nd4, nd4L, trnP, nd1, trnL1, lrRNA, trnV, srRNA, trnK, and trnQ), and the other nine PCGs are located on the heavy strand. The length of all non-coding regions is 667 bp and the longest one distributed between srRNA and trnK (263 bp). Interestingly, cox1 of T. japonica CN started with CGA, which is different from most other mitochondrial PCGs whose initiation codon is ATN. In comparison with the pancrustacean ground pattern, seven tRNAs (trnQ, trnI, trnP, trnT, trnS1, trnE, and trnA) are translocated, and three tRNAs (trnK, trnC, and trnY) are inverted. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 13 mitochondrial PCGs. In the phylogenetic tree, T. japonica CN clustered with T. japonica JP into a branch (BP = 100). Tesseropora rosea clustered with T. japonica, and they grouped with T. rufotincta with high support (BP = 100). In the tree, T. divisa as the most distantly related species within Tetraclitidae. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the two families (Balanidae and Archaeobalanidae) are non-monophyletic. More mitochondrial genomic data are urgently needed to reveal the deeper phylogeny within Cirripedia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a method of assessing financial statement fraud risk. The proposed approach comprises a system of financial and non-financial risk factors, and a hybrid assessment method that combines machine learning methods with a rule-based system. Experiments are performed using data from Chinese companies by four classifiers (logistic regression, back-propagation neural network, C5.0 decision tree and support vector machine) and an ensemble of those classifiers. The proposed ensemble of classifiers outperform each of the four classifiers individually in accuracy and composite error rate. The experimental results indicate that non-financial risk factors and a rule-based system help decrease the error rates. The proposed approach outperforms machine learning methods in assessing the risk of financial statement fraud. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The methods of MCDA and complex networks are combined to yield an E-CN-TOPSIS model. • The dimensions of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and resilience is considered. • A dataset of real cases is used to construct the UUS risk chain. • We assessed geospatial unbalance in the UUS risk across cities based on data. • GBA has the highest UUS risk level among the three major economic circles in China. With the acceleration of urban development, the urban underground space (UUS) begins to show the characteristics of a complex giant system. In most of the traditional risk assessment frameworks, metrics are developed by treating the object as a whole. There is a lack of applicable objective-based assessment methods when there are correlations and network structures among the internal structures of the object. Here we propose and test a method, a comprehensive risk assessment model E-CN-TOPSIS applicable to UUS, to solve this problem. First, an initial risk assessment framework with 4 primary indicators and 30 sub-indicators was proposed based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Second, a risk chain analysis network of UUS containing 201 risk nodes based on real cases was constructed. The principal component analysis method was taken to quantify the chain-coupled risk mechanism of multi-facility within UUS to integrate the external risk assessment framework with the internal risk chain network. Then we analyzed 16 main cities in three major economic circles of China. Our analyses indicate that 'Recovery capability' was the priority in all evaluation indicators. The main factors influencing the UUS risk in three major economic circles are management policies. The UUS risk is highest in Greater Bay Area, followed by Jing-Jin-Ji, and Yangtze River Delta. Finally, some outlooks and suggestions are given. By applying this methodology, useful information can be provided for the fine planning and precise prevention of new complex UUS risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of clothing uniform assignment (CUA) and propose an immune co-evolutionary algorithm to search optimal assignments of uniform garments to employees. Design/methodology/approach – Multi-size fitting measures are proposed based on multi-attribute decision making. An immune co-evolutionary algorithm incorporating immune inspired mechanisms is proposed to search optimal assignments. Findings – The experimental results show promising performance. The model and the algorithm are aiming at a valuable problem and can be incorporated into the information systems for large-scale industrial companies. Originality/value – Uniform assignment problem is modeled with garment size fitting constraints. Multi-size fitting measures are proposed based on multi-attribute decision making and an immune co-evolutionary algorithm is proposed to search optimal assignments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A genome-wide association study of Han Chinese subjects was conducted to identify genetic susceptibility loci for nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). In the discovery stage, 802 azoospermia cases and 1,863 controls were screened for genetic variants in the genome. Promising SNPs were subsequently confirmed in two independent sets of subjects: 818 azoospermia cases and 1,755 controls from northern China, and 606 azoospermia cases and 958 controls from central and southern China. We detected variants at human leukocyte antigen (HLA) regions that were independently associated with NOA (HLA-DRA, rs3129878, pcombine = 3.70 × 10−16, odds ratio [OR] = 1.37; C6orf10 and BTNL2, rs498422, pcombine = 2.43 × 10−12, OR = 1.42). These findings provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of NOA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Rice-crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) coculture is an effective farming mode and has been promoted in various regions of China. However, infection in crayfish can be a significant economic drain. We found crayfish infected with Vibrio parahemolyticus (VP), and to understand the molecular mechanisms of the immune responses of crayfish to VP infection, Illumina sequencing was employed to identify changes in the mRNA of hepatopancreatic tissue. A total of 47.30 and 43.01million high-quality transcriptome reads were generated from the hepatopancreatic samples of the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG), respectively. We found 5559 genes were significantly differentially expressed, including 2521 up-regulated genes (45.35%) and 3038 down-regulated genes (54.65%). These genes were enriched in 126 GO terms and 76 KEGG pathways (P ≤ 0.05), including the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and cell adhesion molecules, with 23 up-regulated genes and 3 down-regulated genes related to immune responses in the EG relative to the CG. Histopathological analysis revealed that the epithelial cells of the hepatopancreatic tubules in the EG were severely atrophic, necrotic, and exfoliated, resulting in thin and collapsing hepatopancreatic tubules. The expression patterns of 8 differentially expressed genes involved in immune responses were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. These results provide a valuable basis for the immune responses of crayfish to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease at transcriptome level. Unlabelled Image • We designed acute bacterial infection test for 24 hours, and analyzed the differential expression levels of mRNAs in the hepatopancreas of crayfish after infected by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. • Histopathological analysis revealed the epithelial cells of the hepatopancreatic tubules in the EG were severely atrophic, necrotic, and exfoliated, resulting in thin and collapsing hepatopancreatic tubules. • Bioinformatics was used to analyze the mRNAs expression difference of on crayfish after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While accumulating evidence shows that air pollution exposure is an important risk factor to influenza prevalence, their association has been inadequately investigated in mountainous regions with dense populations and high humidity. We aim to estimate the association and exposure-outcome effects between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and influenza prevalence in a mountainous region with a dense population and high humidity. We investigated 14,993 patients with confirmed influenza cases from January 2013 to December 2017 in Chongqing, a mountainous city in southwest China. We developed distributed lag non-linear models with quasi-Poisson link to take into account the lag and non-linear effects of NO 2 exposure on influenza prevalence. We estimated that the cumulative effect of a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO 2 with seven-day lag (i.e., summing all the contributions up to seven days) corresponded to relative risk of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.17–1.31) in daily influenza prevalence. Comparing to annual mean of the World Health Organization air quality guidelines of 40 μg/m3 for NO 2 , we estimated that 14.01% (95% CI: 10.69–17.08%) of the influenza cases were attributable to excessive NO 2 exposure. Our results suggest that NO 2 exposure could worsen the risk of influenza infection in this mountainous city, filling the gap of relevant researches in densely populated and mountainous cities. Our findings provide evidence for developing influenza surveillance and early warning systems. Image 1 • Influenza prevalence is associated with NO 2 exposure in a mountainous city. • Exposure-response effect is delineated with distributed lag nonlinear regression. • Distributed lag nonlinear effects over seven-day lag are modeled. • Cumulative effect of a 10 μg/m3 NO 2 increase corresponds to relative risk of 1.24 • Attributable fraction due to NO 2 exposure exceeding WHO AQG is 14.01%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leiocassis longirostris is a common fish variety that is widely cultivated in China, during the breeding process however, it is highly susceptible to bacterial haemorrhagic septicemia, which can cause great economic loss for farmers. To understand the immune responses of L. longirostris to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, Illumina sequencing was employed to identify changes in the mRNA and miRNA in spleen tissue. In this study, a total of 92.16 and 95.61 million (M) high-quality transcriptome reads were generated from the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG) spleen samples, respectively, and 207 up-regulated and 185 down-regulated genes were identified. These genes were enriched in 29 GO terms and 30 KEGG pathways (P ≤ 0.05), including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and complement and coagulation cascades, with 17 up-regulated genes and 12 down-regulated genes related to immune responses in the EG relative to the CG. Based on the zebrafish genome, miRNA-seq identified a total of 343 miRNAs, of which 15 were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated (fold-change ≥2 or ≤0.5 and P ≤ 0.05). Target gene prediction and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that all of the target genes were concentrated in 13 pathways associated with immune response, including the mTOR signaling pathway and the TGF-beta signaling pathway. The expression patterns of 8 differentially expressed genes and 4 miRNAs involved in immune response were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. These results have provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response of L. longirostris to bacterial haemorrhagic septicemia. • We designed acute bacterial infection test for 12 hours, and analyzed the differential expression levels of mRNA and miRNA in the spleen of Leiocassis longirostris after infected by mRNA and miRNA sequencing. • 207 up-regulated and 185 down-regulated genes were identified. These genes were enriched in 29 GO terms and 30 KEGG pathways (P ≤ 0.05), including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and complement and coagulation cascades, with 17 up-regulated genes and 12 down-regulated genes related to immune responses in the EG relative to the CG • miRNA-seq identified a total of 343 miRNAs, of which 15 were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated (fold-change ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5 and P ≤ 0.05). Target gene prediction and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that all of the target genes were concentrated in 13 pathways associated with immune response. • For the first time, we focused on immune response pathways after infected on Leiocassis longirostris (i.e. cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades) • Predicting the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and target genes by miRNA sequencing and RT-qPCR data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syringa pinnatifolia is an endangered endemic species in China with important ornamental and medicinal value, and it needs urgent protection. Here, we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome structure of S. pinnatifolia and its evolution is inferred through comparative studies with related species. The S. pinnatifolia cp genome was 155 326 bp and contained a large single copy region (LSC) of 86 167 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 17 775 bp, as well as a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25 692 bp. A total of 113 unique genes were annotated, including 79 protein‐coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. The GC content of the S. pinnatifolia cp genome was 37.9%, and the corresponding values in the LSC, SSC and IR regions were 36.0, 32.1, 43.2% respectively. Repetitive sequences analysis revealed that the S. pinnatifolia cp genome contained 38 repeats. Microsatellite marker detection analysis identified 253 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), which provides opportunities for future studies of the population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of Syringa. Phylogenetic analysis of 29 selected cp genomes revealed that S. pinnatifolia is closely related to Syringa vulgaris and all 27 Lamiales species formed a clade separate from the two outgroup species. This newly characterized S. pinnatifolia chloroplast genome will provide a useful genomic resource of phylogenetic inference and the development of more genetic markers for species discrimination and population studies in the genus Syringa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the research "Fluid Inclusion Studies of the Cunqian Copper Polymetallice Deposit, Jiangxi Province, China" by Wang Qiang and colleagues. Topics discussed include skarn mineralization, biotite granite porphyry, and observation and test analysis of fluid inclusions. It mentions the ore-forming fluid properties including homogenization temperature, pressure, and salinity.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive system disease with high incidence in women of childbearing age. However, the cause and risk factor are not clear. Our study aims to explore whether IL-17A gene polymorphism rs2275913 is associated with the PCOS in women from Yunnan province, China.Materials and Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, we collected 287 specimens from PCOS patients and 279 specimens from healthy women. The rs2275913 in the IL-17A promoter region were detected by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Detailed clinical symptoms were recorded and hormone levels were measured on all enrolled individuals. The risk of rs2275913 to PCOS was evaluated by using a multivariate logistic regression model.Results: The distribution of rs2275913 in the control group and the PCOS group was statistically different. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that rs2275913 could increase the risk of PCOS occurrence. Among PCOS patients, patients carrying rs2275913 A allele increased serum IL-17A levels and could lead to more disturbed hormone levels and have a bit severe clinical manifestation.Conclusion: This case-control study proves that the rs2275913 is a risk factor for the occurrence of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • First accuracy age of Neoproterozoic tungsten mineralization (ca. 826–818 Ma) in western Yangtze Block (WYB). • The Huili scheelite deposit is genetically related to the ca. 826 Ma highly fractionated granite. • Heterogeneous magma sources and highly differentiation account for the formation of W-mineralized granite. • Neoproterozoic tungsten mineralization in WYB may occur in an arc-related extensional setting. Neoproterozoic granitic magmatism and associated mineralization in the western Yangtze Block (WYB), South China, records the assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent, making it a key window for understanding the tectonic evolution and associated dynamic process of the Rodinia supercontinent. In this paper, we present an integrated study on petrology, petrography, geochemistry, zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope, vesuvianite U-Pb and muscovite Rb-Sr geochronology for the W-rich granitic plutons (Xiacun and Shunhe plutons) and ore-bearing granitic dikes from the newly discovered Neoproterozoic Huili tungsten deposit in the WYB. Our objective is to provide vital constraint on the mineralization age and metallogenic geodynamic setting of the Neoproterozoic Huili tungsten deposit in the WYB. The ore body is characterized by skarn-type and quartz vein-type mineralization with main ore mineral of scheelite and gangue minerals of vesuvianite, muscovite and diopside. Zircon U-Pb dating indicates the granitic plutons and granitic dikes emplaced at ca. 845 Ma and 824 Ma, respectively. The vesuvianite U-Pb age and muscovite Rb-Sr isochron age are ca. 826–818 Ma and 822 Ma, respectively, indicating the tungsten mineralization was coeval with the crystallization of the granitic dikes. Petrology and geochemical studies reveal that the granitic dikes and the Shunhe pluton are highly fractionated S-type granite, while the Xiacun pluton belongs to unfractionated S-type granite. The granitic plutons have uniform and weakly enriched zircon Lu-Hf isotopes (εHf(t) = -3.08 ∼ -0.22), while the granitic dikes have varied zircon Hf isotopes (εHf(t) = -10.57 ∼ 4.64). Zircon Lu-Hf isotopes, as well as their varied whole-rock geochemical compositions, indicate that the Xiacun and Shunhe granitic plutons mainly originate from partial melting of Middle Paleoproterozoic crust, while the ore-bearing granitic dikes are mainly derived from the melting of heterogeneous Middle Paleoproterozoic crust, followed by significant fractional crystallization of feldspar, biotite and accessory minerals. Petrological, geochronological and geochemical data compilation reveals that the studied ca. 845 Ma granitic plutons and ca. 824 Ma W-mineralized granitic dikes were formed in a progressive subduction and a back-arc extension setting, respectively, and the Neoproterozoic back-arc extension-related granitic magmatism during the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent may be beneficial for the tungsten mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A possible role of PM 2.5 components on ovarian reserve has not been adequately unexplored. To evaluate the association between PM 2.5 components and women' ovarian reserve over critical exposure periods in northern China, where the level of air pollution is among the nation's highest. We included 15,102 women with serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) measurements from the Center for Reproductive Medicine of Shandong University during 2015–2019. Concentrations of PM 2.5 and its five major components (0.1° × 0.1°), including sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter, and black carbon, were assigned to each residential address. Multivariable linear mixed effect models combined with constituent-residual models were performed to estimate the effect sizes of essential components over six short- to long-term exposure periods. The strength of association was stronger during the process from primary to small antral follicle compared with other longer windows. For every interquartile range increase in PM 2.5 mass was associated with − 8.7% (95%CI: −12.3%, −4.9%) change in AMH and the effect size was greatest for sulfate. Women with the lower level of attained education and those living inland were more susceptible compared with other population subgroups. Exposure to specific components of air pollution during critical exposure windows is associated with a decline in ovarian reserve. These data add to the growing body of evidence that environmental factors have adverse effects on reproductive health, particularly for vulnerable population subgroups. [Display omitted] • Short-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 mass and its five major components was associated with decreased ovarian reserve. • SO 4 2- was identified as having the strongest adversed effects on ovarian reserve. • Lower educated women or those living inland were more vulnerable to PM 2.5 mass and its components than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• H7N9 virus spread into Chongqing most likely between late 2016 and early 2017 and resulted in human infections in months. • The most impacted premises and population in the epidemic were LPMs and poultry related workers respectively. • H7N9 virus has probably established in Chongqing posing a long-term threat to public health and local poultry industry. • Preventive measures should focus on rigorous management for LPMs and decreasing the exposure risk to poultry for humans. Influenza A(H7N9) virus has emerged and resulted in human infections in Chongqing, southwestern China since 2017. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the first epidemic in this region. The epidemiological data of patients were collected. Live poultry markets (LPMs), commercial poultry farms (CPFs) and backyard poultry farms (BPFs) were monitored, and poultry sources were registered. Samples derived from the patients, their close contacts, and the environments were tested for influenza A(H7N9) virus by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were also conducted. Since the confirmation of the first patient infected with influenza A(H7N9) virus on March 5, 2017, nine patients had been identified within four months in Chongqing. Their mean age was 45 years, 77.8% were male, 66.7% were urban residents and 55.6% were of poultry related occupation. All patients became infected after exposure to live chickens. The median time interval from initial detection of influenza A(H7N9) virus in Chongqing to the patients' onset was 75 days. Since initial detection in February 2017, influenza A(H7N9) virus was detected in 21 (53.8%) counties within four months. The proportion of positive samples was 2.94% (337/11,451) from February 2017 to May 2018, and was higher (χ2 = 75.78, P < 0.001) in LPMs (3.66%, 329/8979) than that in CPFs (0.41%, 5/1229) and BPFs (0.24%, 3/1243). The proportion of positive samples (34.4%, 22/64) at the premises to which the patients were exposed was significantly higher than that (5.7%, 257/4474) in premises with no patients. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the viruses isolated in Chongqing belonged to the Yangtze River Delta lineage and resembled those circulated in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces between late 2016 and early 2017. Influenza A(H7N9) virus was newly introduced into Chongqing most likely between late 2016 and early 2017, which swept across half of Chongqing territory and resulted in human infections within months. The most impacted premises and population were LPMs and poultry related workers respectively in the epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) has been increasingly advocated, but concerns about the lower pregnancy rate after reducing the number of embryos transferred have encouraged transfer of multiple embryos. Extended embryo culture combined with electively freezing all embryos and undertaking a deferred frozen embryo transfer might increase pregnancy rate after eSET. We aimed to establish whether elective frozen single blastocyst transfer improved singleton livebirth rate compared with fresh single blastocyst transfer.Methods: This multicentre, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 21 academic fertility centres in China. 1650 women with regular menstrual cycles undergoing their first cycle of in-vitro fertilisation were enrolled from Aug 1, 2016, to June 3, 2017. Eligible women were randomly assigned to either fresh or frozen single blastocyst transfer. The randomisation sequence was computer generated, with block sizes of two, four, or six, stratified by study site. For those assigned to frozen blastocyst transfer, all blastocysts were cryopreserved and a delayed frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer was done. The primary outcome was singleton livebirth rate. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR-IOR-14005405.Findings: 825 women were assigned to each group and included in analyses. Frozen single blastocyst transfer resulted in higher rates of singleton livebirth than did fresh single blastocyst transfer (416 [50%] vs 329 [40%]; relative risk [RR] 1·26, 95% CI 1·14-1·41, p<0·0001). The risks of moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (four of 825 [0·5%] in frozen single blastocyst transfer vs nine of 825 [1·1%] in fresh single blastocyst transfer; p=0·16), pregnancy loss (134 of 583 [23·0%] vs 124 of 481 [25·8%]; p=0·29), other obstetric complications, and neonatal morbidity were similar between the two groups. Frozen single blastocyst transfer was associated with a higher risk of pre-eclampsia (16 of 512 [3·1%] vs four of 401 [1·0%]; RR 3·13, 95% CI 1·06-9·30, p=0·029).Interpretation: Frozen single blastocyst transfer resulted in a higher singleton livebirth rate than did fresh single blastocyst transfer in ovulatory women with good prognosis. The increased risk of pre-eclampsia after frozen blastocyst transfer warrants further studies.Funding: The National Key Research and Development Program of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of evidence exists on whether air pollution exposure may affect ovarian reserve, especially for Chinese women. To explore the association between exposure to various air pollutants and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a predictor of ovarian reserve, over different exposure windows in Shandong Province, China. We enrolled 18,878 women who had AMH measurements in the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University during 2010–2019. Daily average concentrations of ambient particulate matter with diameters ≤1 μm/2.5 μm/10 μm (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and ozone (O 3) were developed at a spatial resolution of 0.01° × 0.01°, and assigned to the residential addresses. Three exposure windows were considered, i.e., the process from primary to small antral follicle stage (W1), from primary to secondary follicle stage (W2), and from secondary to small antral follicle stage (W3). The air pollution-AMH association was fitted using the multivariable linear mixed effect model with adjustment for potential confounders. Stratified analyses were performed by age group, overweight status, residential region, and educational level. The level of AMH changed by −8.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): −12.1%, −5.3%), −2.1% (95% CI: −3.5%, −0.6%), −1.9% (95% CI: −3.3%, −0.5%), and −4.5% (95% CI: −7.1%, −1.9%) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 , respectively, during W1. The effect estimates were significant during W2 for PM 1 , PM 2.5 and NO 2 while minimal association was observed in W3. Greater vulnerability for certain air pollutants were observed for women who lived in inland areas and were less educated. We found that ovarian reserve was negatively associated with air pollution exposure for women, particularly from the primary to secondary follicle stage. The effect estimate increased by the reduction in the diameter of PMs, which also varied across population sub-groups. • Exposure to elevated air pollutants was associated with ovarian reserve impairment. • The crucial exposure period is from the primary to secondary follicle stage. • The effect estimates increased by the reduction in the size of particulate matter. • Greater vulnerability for pollutants for women lived in inland area and less educated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To detect ZP (zona pellucida) gene (ZP1-ZP4) mutations in patients with oocyte anomalies.Design: Case-control genetic study.Setting: University-based reproductive medicine center.Patient(s): A total of 92 infertile patients with repeated cycles of oocyte maturation arrest (group I, n = 49) or oocyte morphologic defect (group II, n = 43) as well as 373 healthy controls.Intervention(s): Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood and coding regions of ZP genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced by a DNA analyzer.Main Outcome Measure(s): Variant prediction of ZP genes with software.Result(s): In group I with oocyte maturation arrest, no novel variants were found. In group II with oocyte morphologic defects, four novel variants, two in the ZP1 gene [c.247T>C (p.W83R) and c.1413G>A (p.W471X)] and two in the ZP2 gene [c.1599G>T (p.R533S) and c.1696T>C (p.C566R)] were detected in 4 of 43 patients (approximately 9%) but were absent from the controls. Protein alignments showed that the four variants were highly conserved among different species, and all four variants were predicted to be deleterious by gene software predictions.Conclusion(s): ZP gene variants may account for patients with oocyte morphologic abnormalities but not for those with oocyte maturation arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth-related traits are economically important in fish because they directly affect fish production. The Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris) is an important aquaculture species and its consumption is growing in China. In this study, using 200 individuals and high-throughput SNP genotyping technology, we performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in L. longirostris to identify putative genomic regions and candidate genes associated with growth traits (including body mass, total length, standard length, head width, snout length, and caudal peduncle depth). The morphometrics of these traits were highly correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficients = 0.88–0.96, p < 0.05). GWAS detected 12, 5, 6, 9, 4, and 8 SNPs loci that were significantly associated (-log10P ≥ 5.21) with body mass, total length, standard length, head width, snout length, and caudal peduncle depth, respectively. Subsequently, within the 100 kb upstream and downstream regions surrounding these significant SNPs, 96, 31, 39, 61, 22, and 36 candidate genes for the 6 growth traits, respectively, were detected. Interestingly, chromosome (Chr) 16 had the most SNPs significantly associated with growth traits, and the majority of those were shared among multiple growth-related traits. In addition, multiple candidate genes surrounding these SNPs have been shown to serve essential functions in biological processes closely-related to growth, such as enox2 , ky , and coma1. These results indicated that Chr16 may be central to growth characteristics. Other Chrs had genes involved in bone development, cell proliferation, and fatty acid metabolism, including matn1 , sdc3 , if2b3 , kif3a , h1b , cadh7 , rerg , and fabph. Our findings not only help understand the genetic architecture of growth traits in fish, but facilitate the identification of candidate genes for marker-assisted selection towards breeding faster growing L. longirostris in the future. • A GWAS study for growth traits in L. longirostris was performed using 1,260,645 SNPs obtained from 200 fish. • The first GWAS identified 31 SNPs that were significantly associated with 6 growth traits. • Several identified genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism, and cartilage development. • This study provides a basis for marker-assisted selection programs in L. longirostris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feline astrovirus (FeAstV), an enteric RNA virus of recent concern that is associated with diarrheal illness in cats, has been described in several countries throughout the world. However, no scientific and sensitive diagnostic method against FeAstV was reported up to now. Here, we developed a specific, sensitive and repeatable TaqMan fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to investigate the prevalence of FeAstV in domestic cats from China, especially low copy numbers in clinical sample. Specific assay showed that no cross-reactivity was observed with other non-FeAstV cat-derivied pathogens, suggesting this method was highly specific for FeAstV. The lowest detection limit of this assay was 3.52 copies/μl, and 1000-times more sensitive than conventional PCR. Intra- and inter-assay variability was less than 1.72%, means a high degree of repeatability. A total of 578 clinical fecal samples were collected from northeast China, and were tested for FeAstV using our developed qPCR assay. 105 samples were positive for FeAstV with an overall prevalence of 18.17%. Moreover, a higher positive rate was found in cats with diarrhea (32.26%, 80/248) than that in asymptomatic cats (7.58%, 25/330), further demonstrating that FeAstV infection was associated with diarrhea in cats. In brief, our developed assay showed high specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility for detecting FeAstV, and can be used for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of FeAstV. • The TaqMan-based real-time PCR can specifically detect FeAstV. • This assay showed high specificity, sensitivity and good reproducibility. • The prevalence of FeAstV in northeast China was investigated used this assay. • FeAstV infection was associated with diarrhea in domestic cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tenapanor is a locally acting selective sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 inhibitor with the potential to treat sodium/phosphorus and fluid overload in various cardiac-renal diseases, which has been approved for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in the US. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of tenapanor and its metabolite tenapanor-M1 (AZ13792925), as well as the safety and tolerability of tenapanor, were investigated in healthy Chinese and Caucasian subjects., Methods: This randomized, open-label, single-center, placebo-controlled phase 1 study (https://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn; CTR20201783) enrolled Chinese and Caucasian healthy volunteers into 4 parallel cohorts (3 cohorts for Chinese subjects, 1 cohort for Caucasian subjects). In each cohort, 15 subjects were expected to be included and received oral tenapanor (10 or 30 mg as single dose, or 50 mg as a single dose followed by a twice-daily repeated dose from Day 5 to 11, with a single dose in the morning on Day 11) or placebo in a 4 : 1 ratio., Results: 59 healthy volunteers received tenapanor 10 mg ( n  = 12 Chinese), 30 mg ( n  = 12 Chinese), or 50 mg ( n  = 12 (Chinese), n  = 11 (Caucasian)) or placebo ( n  = 12, 3 per cohort). After single and twice-daily repeated doses, tenapanor plasma concentrations were all below the limit of quantitation; tenapanor-M1 appeared slowly in plasma. In single-ascending dose evaluation (10 to 50 mg) of Chinese subjects, the mean C max , AUC 0- t , and AUC 0-∞ of tenapanor-M1 increased with increasing dose level, and AUC 0- t increased approximately dose proportionally. The C max accumulation ratio was 1.55 to 6.92 after 50 mg repeated dose in Chinese and Caucasian subjects. Exposure to tenapanor-M1 was generally similar between the Chinese and Caucasian subjects. Tenapanor was generally well-tolerated and the safety profile was similar between the Chinese and Caucasian participants receiving tenapanor 50 mg, as measured by vital signs, physical and laboratory examination, 12-lead ECG, and adverse events. No serious adverse event or adverse event leading to withdrawal occurred., Conclusion: Tenapanor was well-tolerated, with similar PK and safety profiles between Chinese and Caucasian subjects. This trial is registered with CTR20201783., Competing Interests: Xin Wang, Gang Wei, and Lei Diao are full-time employees of Fosun Pharma. Han Zhao and Ai-Min Hui are ex-employees of Fosun Pharma. Yongchun Zhou is a full-time employee of Wanbang Biopharmaceuticals. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest that are relevant to the contents of this article., (Copyright © 2024 Gang Yuan et al.)

Chongqing was seriously affected by hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), but the relationships between daily mean temperature and the incidence of HFMD remain unclear. This study used distributed lag nonlinear model to evaluate the effect of daily mean temperature on the incidence of HFMD in children aged < 5 years in Chongqing. Daily HFMD data from 2012 to 2019 in Chongqing were retrieved from the notifiable infectious disease surveillance system. A total of 413,476 HFMD cases aged < 5 years were reported in Chongqing from 2012 to 2019. The exposure-response curve of daily mean temperature and daily HFMD cases was wavy-shaped. The relative risks (RRs) increased as daily mean temperature below 5.66 °C or above 9.43 °C, with two peaks at 16.10 °C and 26.68 °C. The RRs reached the highest when the daily mean temperature at 26.68 °C on the current day (RR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32), followed by the daily mean temperature at 16.10 °C at lag 5 days (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.08). The RRs for girls and daycare children were much higher than those for boys and scattered children, respectively. Taken together, daily mean temperature has strong effect on HFMD in children aged < 5 years old in Chongqing, particularly for girls and daycare children., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Various epidemiological studies have focused on the adverse health outcomes of meteorological factors. However, there has been little research on the impact of humidex on allergic conjunctivitis, especially in child and adolescent populations. We aimed to explore the impact of humidex, a comprehensive index of relative humidity and temperature, on child and adolescent allergic conjunctivitis admissions., Methods: Outpatient visit data for allergic conjunctivitis, meteorological factors and air pollutants in Shanghai for the 2017-2022 period were retrieved. For the purpose of analysing the nonlinear connection and lag impact between humidex and admissions for paediatric and adolescent allergic conjunctivitis, the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was fitted., Results: A total of 147 090 cases were included in our cohort. We found a significantly nonlinear effect on humidex and allergic conjunctivitis. In the single-day lag pattern, the relative risks (RR) of allergic conjunctivitis were significant at lag 0 (RR = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-1.11) to lag 2 (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.01), lag 5 (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.01) to lag 9 (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.01), and lag 14 (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03). In the cumulative-lag day pattern, the RR of allergic conjunctivitis were significant at lag 0-0 (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.05-1.11) to lag 0-14 (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.13-1.28). We found that boys, children aged 7-17 years, and children in the warm season were more vulnerable to humidex. In addition, the highest attributable fraction (AF) and attributable number (AN) of humidex are at lag 0-14 (AF = 0.17, AN = 25 026)., Conclusions: Humidex exposure markedly increased the risk of allergic conjunctivitis, especially in highly high humidex. Appropriate public health management is needed for disease management and early intervention., Competing Interests: Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests., (Copyright © 2023 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)

Blepharitis is a very common ophthalmologic disease, and few studies have examined if air pollutants contribute to the risk of blepharitis. We investigated the presence of any potential correlation between exposure to air pollution and outpatient admission for blepharitis in Shanghai, China. Data on daily outpatient admission for blepharitis were collected from January 2017 to July 2022. Air pollution and meteorological data were acquired from the Shanghai Environmental Protection Agency. Using the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) we investigated the relationship between air pollutants and blepharitis. Seasonal stratified analysis was carried out. In total, 10,681 blepharitis patients were recruited. In the single-pollutant model, a 10 μg/m 3 increase in particulate matter with < 2.5 μm PM 2.5 and 10 μm PM 10 along with sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and 100 μg/m 3 increase in carbon monoxide (CO) was significantly associated with outpatient visits for blepharitis. In the multi-pollutant model, a 10 μg/m 3 increase in ozone (O 3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and a 100 μg/m 3 increase in carbon monoxide (CO) was significantly associated with outpatient visits for blepharitis. Moreover, there was an obvious relationship between blepharitis and PM 2.5 and O 3 in the summers and blepharitis and PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 during the winters. Exposure to short-term air pollution increases the risk of blepharitis outpatient visits in Shanghai, China., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The aim of our study was to investigate waist circumference (WC) change and the risk of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among Chinese adults. A total of 8164 participants aged > 18 years who attended health examinations with repeat measurements of WC and lung function [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 )] from 2010 to 2019 were recruited. WC change was categorized as ≤  - 2.5%, - 2.5 to 2.5%, 2.5% to 5% and > 5% according to sex. Modified Poisson regression models were used to assess the association of WC gain and the risk of COPD. During the 10-year follow-up, a total of 917 COPD cases were identified. From baseline to follow-up, the mean FEV 1 decreased from 3.20 to 2.79L among male participants and 2.28-1.95L among female participants. Compared with participants who did not have abdominal obesity, at either, baseline or follow-up, participants with abdominal obesity of both sexes after the follow-up were associated with a greater risk of COPD regardless of abdominal obesity at baseline. The risk of incident COPD increased 19% among male participants (RR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.04-1.48) and 14% among female participants (RR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.01-1.40) when WC gain increased > 5% during the 10-year follow-up. The COPD risk decreased 18% among male participants with a WC change ≤  - 2.5% (RR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.67-0.99). The risk of incident COPD was positively associated with increasing WC among Chinese adults of both sexes., (© 2022. The Author(s).)