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This paper focuses on digital archiving and the establishment of open Access digital repositories in three selected Nigerian Universities. Despite the abundance of vital information kept in the traditional archives of Nigerian universities, many researchers cannot easily access it due to the seeming absence of proper digitization and online visibility. It is also observed that the practice of archiving and the management of information in the repositories in Nigerian universities is limited to the central library, which makes access to information in the satellite archives across the departments and in the administrative units very difficult. This paper therefore, intends to; determine the nature, existence and the roles of digital repositories in the three selected Nigerian universities and to identify the types of information sources and resources available in their digital repositories, among others. Qualitative research methodology was adopted. Data was purposefully obtained from the websites of the three Selected Nigerian universities. The findings of this study indicate that the Digital Repositories existed in the three selected universities studied with different names, and were found to contain volumes of scholarly information sources and resources, which were organized in a systematic and chronological order, but it is not well structured to specifically link resources in the departments, faculties and other units of the universities with the central repositories. It was also found that Digital Repositories were not always accessible, possibly due to inadequate ICT infrastructure and necessary staff skills for their effective maintenance. It was concluded that the repositories existed for over a decade and were providing information services to its users. It was recommended that, the management of the universities studied should imbibe strong maintenance culture to effectively manage the Digital Repositories for sufficient access to scholarly information sources and resources and should consider the installations and deployment of necessary ICT infrastructure, as well as the right software configurations including the provision of regular staff training for proper digitisation and digitalisation of work processes and procedures in the repositories for efficient results and the promotion of Digital Data Literacy in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the different shapes in which reading and writing practices occur when paper/pen are compared with keyboard/screen. The focus is on the bodily aspects of these practices. Reading and writing are viewed as techniques of the body, which over the years have become increasingly mediated by technologies. The analysis is grounded in the theory of social practice. Research material consists of written essays collected from 25 students at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, in 2013. Results show that paper as material is considered suitable and adaptive to numerous reading purposes and bodily positions, while regarding the screen the places and positions of reading are viewed as more limited due to the material boundary conditions presented by devices. Students describe handwriting as a more flexible and relaxed bodily practice than typing, although the worsening skills of handwriting are recognized too. Skills and competences turned out to be less decisive factors than materials and images when trying to explain the differences in reading and writing practices when a paper/pen is compared with a keyboard/screen. Finally, the study argues that digital reading writing interfaces do not determine the ways we read and write as strongly as previously suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a survey which finds that despite the convenience of electronic versions, law review editors continue to strongly prefer paper sources. This preference conflicts with libraries' need to cancel duplicate print subscriptions to reporters and law reviews, and to avoid large interlibrary loan costs. In this article, the authors report the results of this survey of law review practice and suggest that image-based documents should lead to changes in law review policy. In contrast to scholarly publications in other disciplines, most law journals get edited by students. As part of that editing, students hunt down a copy of each System of Citation. To the extent that any citation guide dictates whether journal staffers check citations in paper rather than electronic sources, then the Bluebook reigns. Surprisingly, editors split on whether the Bluebook elevates paper sources over electronic ones. With the advent of image-based documents, the geography of the legal information landscape has changed radically. In 2002, owner of Westlaw introduced PDF versions of some cases. This "old wine in new bottles" gives researchers the option of seeing cases exactly as they appear in West reporters, i.e., as they appear on paper.

The article lists the publications under "The Emirates Occasional Papers" electronic resource which include "Inter-Arab Relations in the Post-Peace Era Ann M. Lesch" by Ann M. Lesch, "Israel at Peace with the Arab World" by Mark Tessler, and "Beyond Dual Containment" by Kenneth Katzman.

Many long-term geomagnetic observation results recorded on photographic bromide paper have not yet been fully digitized. To that end, we developed a method to automatically convert photographic records to one-minute digital data. We applied our method to the observation records of Kakioka Magnetic Observatory and confirmed that the resolution of time and amplitude could be greatly improved by numerical conversion compared with conventional data conversion by hand scaling. Our results suggest that highly precise digitization of analog magnetograms is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: MobilePaperAccess is a wearable camera-glasses system with tangible user interface allowing mobile interaction. We access the digital information from a paper interface extending the input space. The system is devised to validate our concepts of Environment Dependent Interface (EDI) and Environment Independent Interface (EII), which focus on enabling people to access their personal data as well as public resources at any time and in any place. In this paper, we propose a continuum from physical interface to digital interface in relation with EDI and EII, and we present design, implementation and evaluation aspects of our MobilePaperAccess system. We compare two interfaces (EDI and EII) and three input techniques (finger input, mask input and page input). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Over the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in paper-digital systems that allow regular paper documents to be augmented or integrated with digital information and services. Although a wide variety of technical solutions and applications have been proposed, they all rely on some means of specifying links from areas within paper pages to digital services where these areas correspond to elements of the document's artwork. Various frameworks and tools are available to support the development of paper-digital applications, but they tend to either require some programming skills or focus on specific application domains. We present an advanced publishing solution that is based on an authoring rather than programming approach to the production of interactive paper documents. Our solution is fully general and we describe how it uses concepts of templates and variable content elements to reduce redundancies and increase the flexibility in developing paper-digital applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture and discourses affect our understanding of the archive in the digital environment: preconceptions, norms, and practices developed in a paper-based administration colour and limit perceptions of digital archives. It can be difficult to reimagine the archive in the context of e-government and the networked environment, where the complexity of archival issues increases. This is a global problem, because the requirements of digital records are different from those of paper records. This article takes a discursive approach, focusing on "openings" and "closings" of concepts surrounding the idea of archives in Swedish municipal governments. Critical theory is used as a lens through which we understand archives in general, and digital archives in particular. The analysis is made after establishing three basic principles that public administration in Sweden should work toward: (i) adopting a holistic concept of the archive; (ii) taking a proactive approach to records management; and (iii) striving to integrate the archiving process with the goals and opportunities of e-government. The result indicates that the lack of "closings," i.e., commonly understood principles and a shared definition of an e-archive, may restrict the understanding of archives in digital contexts and constrain the development of their full potential. At the same time, the lack of "openings" toward new ways of thinking about and designing e-archives may narrow the scope of possibilities that the digital formats can offer. "Paper minds" may presuppose a stepwise progression of records, from active to archival, that is unnecessary in the digital context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viewing direction measurements on reflective e-paper displays under hemispherical diffuse illumination are an essential part of characterizing reflectance under common usage conditions such as outdoor shade, or indirect indoor lighting. This paper proposes a hemispherical diffuse illumination geometry based on splitting a sampling sphere into two hemispheres to allow the light measuring device to be pointed at the display at different angles. First results on e-paper agree well with conventional sampling sphere data, show the effects of top layer and surface reflection, and were used to predict the viewing direction distribution of ambient contrast ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An augmented reality browser is an alternative of a web browser in augmented spaces, which aimed at navigating and publishing overlaid interactive contents. This enabled end users to explore digital information on existing points of interests (POIs) and the application developers to publish overlaid information in the form of layers and channels, etc. These browsing interfaces were vital for publishing and locating contents to unfold the potential of augmented spaces. This paper contributed an analytical review on the recent emergence of mobile augmented reality browsers from the perspective of technological information publishing and usage scenarios. This comparative analysis of the augmented reality browsers would help researchers and industrial scientists to identify the most relevant augmented reality browser for specific applications like object tracking, content overlaying, and ensuring realism up to major extent. This study would also provide guidelines for next generation enriched, seamless and adaptive augmented reality browsers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of electronic versus paper documents, especially in the context of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), has often focused on affordances, issues of design and implementation, and work practices. Issues of culture are often understated in such studies. Yet, like any object of material culture, the use of paper files, as well as an aversion to electronic information sharing, is conditioned by the cultural and political background of a society. This article will suggest that the persistence of paper files in a section of the Irish civil service during the 1990s had much to do with issues of accountability and a cult of expertise, in which papers files, as material objects, were deployed on behalf of claims of expertise and power. This intertwining of power, politics and information is a feature of Irish society, and the discourse of expertise and power is a theme that permeates many aspects of Irish culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the most controversial issues in international documents librarianship that has been the rollout of the Proquest 19th Century House of Commons Parliamentary Papers database. The author says that the database offers dramatically improved means of searching and accessing British Parliamentary information. The database is a significant tool for accessing a collection that has always been difficult to research in print and is often cited as being the richest and most important collection of printed government records in any country. Parliamentary papers, medieval papers through the eighteenth century, nineteenth century and print and digital in the twentieth century are discussed.

Mobile devices have been used as tools for navigation and geographic information retrieval with some success. However, screen size, glare, and the cognitive demands of the interface are often cited as weaknesses when compared with traditional tools such as paper maps and guidebooks. In this paper, a simple mixed media approach is presented which tries to address some of these concerns by combining paper maps with electronic guide resources. Information about a landmark or region is accessed by waving a handheld computer equipped with an radio frequency identification (RFID) reader above the region of interest on a paper map. We discuss our prototyping efforts, including lessons learned about using RFID for mixed media interfaces. We then present and discuss evaluations conducted in the field and in a comparative, exploratory study. Results indicate that the method is promising for tourism and other activities requiring mobile, geographically-related information access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objectives: In Austria, the general practitioner (GP) is the first point of contact for persons with health problems. Depending on the severity of the person''s medical condition, a GP may refer her or him to a secondary care hospital consultant, who reports findings back to the GP in form of a paper-based discharge letter. Researchers report that paper-based communication of medical documents between different health care providers is insufficient in quality, error prone and too slow in many cases. Our aim was to develop and to realise a strategy for a stepwise replacement of the paper-based transmission of medical documents with a distributed, shared medical record. Methods: In the first step of a three-steps strategy for development of a consistent, comprehensive and secure regional health care network, an electronic communication of discharge letters and diagnostic results between existing information systems of different health care providers in Tyrol, Austria, has been established: in the form of cryptographically signed S/MIME e-mail messages and, additionally, via a secure web portal system. In two further steps, an extension of the system by a bi-directional communication and by improvements of the web portal system is planned, leading to a comprehensive electronic patient record for shared care. Results: After realisation of step 1, in October 2004, about 3500 electronic discharge letters were sent out from the Innsbruck University Hospital (IUH), which represents about 8% of the total number of discharge letters of the IUH. In addition, a lot of feedback was received and legal, organisational, financial and methodical difficulties were overcome. Discussion: The stepwise approach to replace paper-based with electronic communication in the first step was helpful, since knowledge has been gained and cooperations were formed. For the realisation of a distributed, shared medical record (steps 2 and 3), it will not be sufficient only to replace paper-based transmission of medical documents with electronic communication technologies, but in the further steps, organisational changes will become necessary. As well, legal ambiguities must be resolved before a distributed medical record for cooperative care, used by several institutions as well as by patients, could be established. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focuses on the availability of the revised technical information papers of the paper mill industry for electronic and paper delivery.

Oral and written sources are now commonplace in both library and archival collections. Such sources provide for a wider range of voices to be added to the historical record, and in an artistic context, allow for the capture of at least an element of the creative process. This article discusses the National Gallery of Australia's James Gleeson oral history collection, related collections of personal papers, and their role as primary sources in the National Gallery's Research Library. It highlights their uses as evidence for researchers interested in the history of the National Gallery's art collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web sites are increasingly more sophisticated in news presentation, revenue-generating features, multimedia and interactive elements. Small papers lag significantly behind medium and large ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide information regarding the ways in which the authors’ College’s faculty use paper within their pedagogical practice. A related purpose was to ascertain faculty interest in professional development initiatives related to reducing paper usage through technological affordances. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was developed and administered to the faculty within the university’s Teachers College. The survey was built to assess faculty pedagogical use of paper. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected via the survey. Findings – The results suggested that digital resources are widely used by faculty, and students are encouraged to conserve paper. However, many faculty are uncomfortable with the complete elimination of paper. Originality/value – Modeling and promoting environmentally sustainable pedagogical practice is imperative within institutions charged with preparing the next generation of educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and the photochromic performance of a single-molecule system based on the covalent combination of dithienylperfluorocyclopentene and indolino[2,1-b]oxazolidine are described. The photoinduced interconversion between four states was shown to be deeply dependent on solvent and can be selectively controlled by adjusting the irradiation wavelength in chlorobenzene solutions. The color can be switched between colorless, yellow, pink and green on demand. This biphotochromic hybrid compound, despite poor fatigue resistance properties of the most conjugated colored isomer, displays large contrasts in structure, switching between zwitterionic and neutral character, independent chromophores and highly conjugated π systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical carrier separation from a photoexcited photochromic molecule could be a promising method for controlling the photosensitivity of such a molecule. We report an efficient carrier separation from a photochromic diarylethene (DAE) molecule by adopting a device structure with a heterojunction consisting of an n-type diarylethene layer and a p-type layer of N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB). A photocurrent originating from carrier separation for the colored photostationary state was observed, even at zero applied voltage. The efficient carrier separation occurred at the interface between the DAE and NPB layers and was the result of the internal electrical field induced by the pn heterojunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study answers calls of previous research to analyze the content of online news, assessing differences between print and online newspapers in frequency of ‘mobilizing information’ (MI)—information aiding people to act on pre-existing attitudes. Conceptual and operational definitions of locational, identificational, and tactical MI are included. Results revealed that online newspapers did not have significantly more MI than their print counterparts. This finding counters the assumption that online newspapers have more mobilizing content than print. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the changes in the means and methods for handling patent information. The component of patent information can be divided into two main classes: bibliographic and legal status. The purpose of a bibliographic database is to collate the public domain record of the subject matter of patent applications and grants. The database consequently forms part of the disclosure requirements built into the patent system, and becomes part of the benchmark for evaluating the patentability of later applications. A bibliographic database is primarily concerned with recording basic accession information. By contrast, legal status information is principally concerned with the outcome of the application after grant, and records such things as changes of ownership, lapse, expiry, and extension of term. One of the significant aspects of legal status data is the question of data quality--the transposition of a few characters or an incorrect reformatting algorithm at the time of the database load. Since the 1970s, machine-readable databases of bibliographic patent information have been available. The Derpict system and the development of online image delivery both addressed the problem of providing information for the searcher to assess the relevance of their answers.

Examines the development of print repositories in the U.S. as of 2003. Kinds of print repositories; Use of libraries as repositories of microforms during the post World War II period; Construction of university libraries for print collections in the 1980s.

Over the past four decades, the prophecy from computer pundits and prognosticators pointed to the looming arrival of the paperless office era. However, forty years later, physical paper documents are still playing a significant role due to the ease of use, superior readability, and availability. The drawbacks of paper sheets are that they are hard to modify and retrieve, have limited space, and are environmentally unfriendly. Augmenting paper documents with digital information from mobile devices extends the two-dimensional space of physical paper documents. Various camera-based recognition and detection devices have been proposed to augment paper documents with digital information. However, there are still some limitations that exist in these systems. This paper presents a novel, low cost, spatially aware, mobile system called Ultrasonic PhoneLens. The Ultrasonic PhoneLens adopts two-dimensional dynamic image presentation and ultrasonic sound positioning techniques. It consists of two ultrasonic sound sensors, one Arduino mini-controller board, and one android mobile device. Based on the location of the mobile device over the physical paper, Ultrasonic PhoneLens can retrieve pre-saved digital information from a mobile database for the object (such as a text, a paragraph, or an image) in a paper document. An empirical study was conducted to evaluate the system performance. The results indicate that our system has a better performance in tasks such as browsing multivalent documents and sharing digital information than the Wiimote PhoneLens system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article challenges recent research (Evans, 2008) reporting that the concentration of cited scientific literature increases with the online availability of articles and journals. Using Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, the present article analyses changes in the concentration of citations received (2- and 5-year citation windows) by papers published between 1900 and 2005. Three measures of concentration are used: the percentage of papers that received at least one citation (cited papers); the percentage of papers needed to account for 20%, 50%, and 80% of the citations; and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). These measures are used for four broad disciplines: natural sciences and engineering, medical fields, social sciences, and the humanities. All these measures converge and show that, contrary to what was reported by Evans, the dispersion of citations is actually increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CLSR welcomes occasional comment pieces on issues of current importance in the law and technology field from different jurisdictions. In this instance the Government of Malta published a White Paper in October 2012 for public consultation, proposing the introduction of the following four so-called "digital rights" in the Constitution of Malta: (1) the right to Internet access; (2) the right to informational access; (3) the right to informational freedom and (4) the right to digital informational self-determination. The author believes that the proposal is indeed a step in the right direction but lacks punch where it matters most and does not go far enough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the rising electronic discovery in the recent years and informs about the new challenges to the discovery process. It states that discovery focused on paper documents and mentions the shift from paper to digital content which is called, electronically stored information (ESI).

The article offers information on the Race Relations in America: Surveys and Papers from the Amistad Research Center, 1943-1970 from publishing firm Adam Matthew.

Digitalization plays a crucial role in our daily lives, permeating every feature of our existence. At the same time the process of digitalization is viewed as one of the drivers of economic development. It has macroeconomic, sectoral, and microeconomic effects, but it may also boost regional economic cooperation. Despite its omnipresence, the global distribution of digital progress is uneven, and the Western Balkans (WB) stands as an example where digitalization remains a challenging and evolving process. Despite the involvement of numerous international and regional stakeholders, achieving digitalization in the region poses a formidable challenge. Progress requires collaborative efforts and joint problem-solving among the WB nations. The transition to digitalization should benefit everyone, contributing to the prosperity of countries capable of competing with EU members. This paper aims to showcase the integration of digital technology in business, assessed through electronic information sharing, social media usage, advanced digital technologies, and corporate initiatives towards environmental sustainability and e-commerce. The Literature review shown that the impact of digitalisation on economic growth has been found to be mostly positive, but the impact varies depending on the degree of development of the analysed countries. The analysis relies on secondary data from State Statistical Offices in the Western Balkans and the Digital Economy Society Index for 2022. Findings reveal that in terms of digital technology integration, the WB region lags behind the EU. Montenegro exhibits the highest position in the dimension of digital technology integration, followed by Kosovo, Albania, and Serbia, all scoring above the regional average. The adoption of digital technologies by SMEs remains notably below the EU average, while successive pandemic lockdowns increasingly integrated online sales channels in the WB region. The paper concludes that robust policies and targeted investments are vital components for expediting digital transformation, accelerating the Western Balkans into a fast-track trajectory to attain digital objectives. Further research could explore how the intersection of digitalization and economic collaboration influences the economic advancement of Western Balkan nations. Additionally, an examination of whether varying stages of economic development among these countries result in distinct impacts from the digitalization process on economic growth would be a valuable area of investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the consequences of a distinction between ‘live' and ‘dead' network nodes; ‘live' nodes are able to acquire new links whereas ‘dead' nodes are static. We develop an analytically soluble growing network model incorporating this distinction and show that it can provide a quantitative description of the empirical network composed of citations and references (in- and out-links) between papers (nodes) in the SPIRES database of scientific papers in high energy physics. We also demonstrate that the death mechanism alone can result in power law degree distributions for the resulting network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practitioners are not adequately prepared to handle concerns related to the acceptability of the online survey medium from the worker's viewpoint because the literature has only begun to address this issue. This study assessed reactions to Web-based questionnaires while moving an organization's climate survey online. Initial questions, posed via a paper-and-pencil instrument, gathered opinions concerning online surveys (n = 437). A Web-based climate survey was then created and piloted (n = 98). Afterwards, the finalized instrument was administered (n = 403), and a follow-up questionnaire was disseminated (n = 175) to further gauge workers' reactions. Despite some initial anonymity concerns, most personnel were amenable to online surveying, and the Web-based medium did not appear to discourage participation from any subgroup (based on gender, race, military versus civilian classification, and workgroup size comparisons). This article, which is intended for practitioners considering the transition to Web-based surveys as well as those interested in evaluating and improving current Web-based survey processes, outlines issues regarding online survey implementation, offers a tool for evaluating survey software, and concludes with lessons learned and avenues for future research/practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artifacts, such as software systems, pervade organizations and society. In the field of information systems (IS) they form the core of research. The evaluation of IS artifacts thus represents a major issue. Although IS research paradigms are increasingly intertwined, building and evaluating artifacts has traditionally been the purview of design science research (DSR). DSR in IS has not reached maturity yet. This is particularly true of artifact evaluation. This paper investigates the “what” and the “how” of IS artifact evaluation: what are the objects and criteria of evaluation, the methods for evaluating the criteria, and the relationships between the “what” and the “how” of evaluation? To answer these questions, we develop a taxonomy of evaluation methods for IS artifacts. With this taxonomy, we analyze IS artifact evaluation practice, as reflected by ten years of DSR publications in the basket of journals of the Association for Information Systems (AIS). This research brings to light important relationships between the dimensions of IS artifact evaluation, and identifies seven typical evaluation patterns: demonstration; simulation- and metric-based benchmarking of artifacts; practice-based evaluation of effectiveness; simulation- and metric-based absolute evaluation of artifacts; practice-based evaluation of usefulness or ease of use; laboratory, student-based evaluation of usefulness; and algorithmic complexity analysis. This study also reveals a focus of artifact evaluation practice on a few criteria. Beyond immediate usefulness, IS researchers are urged to investigate ways of evaluating the long-term organizational impact and the societal impact of artifacts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article highlights the features of the University Electronic Information Environment, its organizational structure and its components, the law papers of all levels essential for its functioning and development. The main components of the Electronic Information Environment are electronic information resources, apparatus equipment, organizational component, action schedule (local acts), and educational technologies. The authors dwell on the role of the University Library in the University Electronic Information Environment. Today it is the centre of global informatization of educational and research processes.

Presents a website that provides many styles of free, printable graph paper, optimized for printing on letter and A4 sized paper.