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With the approach of constant changes and quality assurance in education, we have reached an optimum that no longer justifies all further investments in such changes, as the results of these investments are (and will be) minimal and insufficient. We have reached a stage where we must shift from evolution to revolution, from constant changes in education to its complete transformation. Here, we must point out that we must reverse the flow of systemic changes from the dehumanization of society as that in Industry 4.0 or, in a slightly softer form, the Japanese vision of Society 5.0. This reverse flow offers us the re-humanization of society's development and it can be called Society 6.0 or, historically, also Society 1.1 (back to the past, to the first industrial revolution). [For the full proceedings, see ED629086.]

One of the most intriguing questions in cognitive science is the Primary Data Entry (PDE) problem: where does social knowledge come from? After birth, an organism meets with reality, which is transcendental, staying beyond any experience and understanding of this pure reason. Basic approaches to the study of cognition are cognitivism, connectionism, and embodied dynamicism, The weakness of cognitivism and connectionism is the need to introduce an initial set of social phenomena of the specific community to trigger this system: the PDE problem. There is also a same gap in knowledge in embodied dynamicism approach, this interpretation of a dynamic system is not accurate. The current paper presents the Model of Coherent Intelligence (MCI) and its neural foundation. The analysis of recent empirical data proposes new insights on the origin of intentionality: (i) cognition begins from separating sensory stimuli: Long-Term Potentiation can be induced in neurons of particular Modality-Specific gateways (ignoring other stimuli)--selective induction promotes selective sensitivity to the chaos of stimuli. (ii) Neurons can learn spike-timing-dependent plasticity in social interaction: immature neurons learn the timing code to modulate certain synaptic strength, which triggers either Long-Term Potentiation or Long-Term Depression. The hypothesis of the MCI argues that social interaction shapes organisms' intentionality, promoting similar categorization of stimuli in intimately related individuals with shared social routine and interests. This approach provides a wide range of possibilities for developing a human-computer interface. [This paper was published in: "COGNITIVE 2021: The Thirteenth International Conference on Advanced Cognitive Technologies and Applications" (pp. 7-13). IARIA. (ISBN 978-1-61208-847-1).]

This paper examines the possibilities and limitations of introducing simulated experiments in the psychology domain by practicing a course with graduate students in psychology, in which simulated experiments were conducted in place of real human experiments. The class-learning object was the dual-storage model of human memory. The simulation results showed anomalous results that differed from intuitive predictions. The results were also inconsistent with the results of prior human experiments. Analysis of reports submitted by 15 participants revealed that they focused on the anomalous results emerging in the simulation results and examined them based on the dual-storage model theory. On the basis of these results, future directions for this practice are discussed.

This talk provides the speaker's perspective on how the fledgling new area of educational neuroscience has emerged from a disenchantment with brain-based education, through various multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary initiates and collaborations involving educationists and neuroscientists. Specific examples and results pertaining to research in mathematics education will be presented. Beyond the current state-of-the-art, the speaker will conclude with some speculations on what might be anticipated as this area of research continues to unfold into the near and far futures. [For the complete proceedings, see ED629884.]

These proceedings contain the papers and posters of the International Conferences on Internet Technologies & Society (ITS 2016), Educational Technologies (ICEduTech 2016) and Sustainability, Technology and Education (STE 2016), which have been organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society and co-organised by the RMIT University, in Melbourne, Australia, December 6-8, 2016. The Internet Technologies & Society conference aims to address the main issues of concern within WWW/Internet as well as to assess the influence of Internet in the Information Society. The International Conference on Educational Technologies (ICEduTech) is the scientific conference addressing the real topics as seen by teachers, students, parents and school leaders. The International Conference on Sustainability, Technology and Education (STE) aims to address the main issues which occur by assessing the relationship between Sustainability, Education and Technology. Full papers in these proceedings include: (1) ECG Identification System Using Neural Network with Global and Local Features (Kuo Kun Tseng, Dachao Lee and Charles Chen); (2) Smartening Up: Ongoing Challenges for Australia's Outback (Lucy Cradduck); (3) Extraction of Graph Information Based on Image Contents and the Use of Ontology (Sarunya Kanjanawattana and Masaomi Kimura); (4) Applicability of Domain-Specific Application Framework for End-User Development (Takeshi Chusho); (5) Application of Business Intelligence System in Company Restructuring Process: The Case of Croatia (Iva Bakula, Katarina Curko, Mirjana Pejic Bach and Vesna Bosilj Vukšic); (6) Method to Identify Deep Cases Based on Relationships between Nouns, Verbs, and Particles (Daisuke Ide and Madaomi Kimura); (7) Leveraging Data Analysis for Domain Experts: An Embeddable Framework for Basic Data Science Tasks (Johannes-Y. Lohrer, Daniel Kaltenthaler and Peer Kröger); (8) Investigating the Identity Theft Prevention Strategies in M-Commerce (Mahmood Hussain Shah, Javed Ahmed and Zahoor Ahmed Soomro); (9) Electronic Invoice in Costa Rica: Challenges for Its Implementation (Juan José Ramírez-Jiménez, Mario De La O-Selva and Roberto Cortés-Morales); (10) Car App's Persuasive Design Principles and Behavior Change (Chao Zhang, Lili Wan and Daihwan Min); (11) Evaluating the Quality of Experience of a System for Accessing Educational Objects in Health (Miguel Wanderley, Júlio Menezes Jr., Cristine Gusmão and Rodrigo Lins); (12) An Evaluation of iPad As a Learning Tool in Higher Education within a Rural Catchment: A Case Study at a South African University (Ruth Diko Wario, Bonface Ngari Ireri and Lizette De Wet); (13) Towards a Framework to Improve the Quality of Teaching and Learning: Consciousness and Validation in Computer Engineering Science, UCT (Marcos Lévano and Andrea Albornoz); (14) MOOCs--Theoretical and Practical Aspects: Comparison of Selected Research Results: Poland, Russia, Ukraine, and Australia (Eugenia Smyrnova-Trybulska, Ewa Ogrodzka-Mazur, Anna Szafranska-Gajdzica, Nataliia Morze, Rusudan Makhachashvili, Tatiana Noskova, Tatiana Pavlova, Olga Yakovleva, Tomayess Issa and Theodora Issa); (15) Evaluating the Design and Development of an Adaptive E-Tutorial Module: A Rasch-Measurement Approach (Allaa Barefah and Elspeth McKay); (16) Analysing Students' Interactions through Social Presence and Social Network Metrics (Vanessa Cristina Martins da Silva and Sean Wolfgand Matsui Siqueira); (17) Differences between Perceived Usefulness of Social Media and Institutional Channels by Undergraduate Students (Leandro Sumida Garcia and Camila Mariane Costa Silva); (18) Integrate WeChat with Moodle to Provide a Mobile Learning Environment for Students (Zhigao Li, Yibo Fan and Jianli Jiao); (19) Scaling a Model of Teacher Professional Learning--to MOOC or Not to MOOC (Deirdre Butler, Margaret Leahy, Michael Hallissy and Mark Brown); (20) A Preliminary Study on Building an E-Education Platform for Indian School-Level Curricula (Rajeev Kumar Kanth and Mikko-Jussi Laakso); (21) Automated Assessment in Massive Open Online Courses (Dmitrii A. Ivaniushin, Dmitrii G. Shtennikov, Eugene A. Efimchick and Andrey V. Lyamin); (22) Application of Digital Cybersecurity Approaches to University Management--VFU Smart Student (Anna Nedyalkova, Teodora Bakardjieva and Krasimir Nedyalkov); (23) Developing a Technology Enhanced CSO Course for Engineering Students (Erno Lokkila, Erkki Kaila, Rolf Lindén, Mikko-Jussi Laakso and Erkki Sutinen); (24) Teaching Data Science to Post Graduate Students: A Preliminary Study Using a "F-L-I-P" Class Room Approach (Sunet Eybers and Mariè Hattingh); (25) Educational Robots in Primary School Teachers' and Students' Opinion about STEM Education for Young Learners (Eugenia Smyrnova-Trybulska, Nataliia Morze, Piet Kommers, Wojciech Zuziak and Mariia Gladun); (26) Towards the Successful Integration of Design Thinking in Industrial Design Education (Omar Mubin, Mauricio Novoa and Abdullah Al Mahmud); (27) International Study Tours: A Key to 21st Century Academic and Industry Exchanges (Ana Hol, Danielle Simiana, Gilbert Lieu, Ivan Ong, Josh Feder, Nimat Dawre and Wakil Almazi); (28) A Rethink for Computing Education for Sustainability (Samuel Mann); (29) Technical Education as a Tool for Ensuring Sustainable Development: A Case of India (Gagan Deep Sharma, Raminder Singh Uppal and Mandeep Mahendru); (30) Evaluating Eco-Innovation of OECD Countries with Data Development Analysis (Reza Kiani Mavi and Craig Standing); (31) Revealing Greenwashing: A Consumers' Perspective (Anne Brouwer); and (32) Benchmarking Anthropogenic Heavy Metals Emissions: Australian and Global Urban Environmental Health Risk Based Indicators of Sustainability (Nick Dejkovski). Short papers in these proceedings include: (1) Racing to the Future: Security in the Gigabit Race? (Mark A Gregory and Lucy Cradduck); (2) An E-Learning System with MR for Experiments Involving Circuit Construction to Control a Robot (Atsushi Takemura); (3) Simulations for Crisis Communication: The Use of Social Media (Siyoung Chung); (4) Social Networking Framework for Universities in Saudi Arabia (Sulaiman Alqahtani); (5) Rethinking E-Learning Media: What Happens When Student "Like" Meets Professor "Me"? (Stephen Arnold); (6) Telling the Story of Mindrising: Minecraft, Mindfulness and Meaningful Learning (Deirdre Butler, Mark Brown and Gar Mac Críosta); (7) Green IT Model for IT Departments in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Organisations (Abdulaziz Albahlal); (8) How Does the Use of Mobile Devices Affect Teachers' Perceptions on Mobile Learning (Dong-Joong Kim, Daesang Kim and Sang-Ho Choiv); (9) Categorizing "Others": The Segmentation of Other Actors for "Faith in Others" Efficacy (FIO) (Chi Kwan Ng and Clare D'Souza); (10) Design Thinking: A Methodology towards Sustainable Problem Solving in Higher Education in South Africa (Keneilwe Munyai); and (11) New Ecological Paradigm and Sustainability Attitudes with Respect to a Multi-Cultural Educational Milieu in China (Mona Wells and Lynda Petherick). Reflection papers in these proceedings include: (1) Synthetic Biology: Knowledge Accessed by Everyone (Open Sources) (Patricia Margarita Sánchez Reyes); (2) Envisioning the City of the Future: Knowlege Societies vs. Entertainment Societies (Yolanda Alicia Villegas González); (3) Blue Ocean Strategy for Higher Education (Ricardo Bragança); (4) Exploring How Digital Media Technology Can Foster Saudi EFL Students' English Language Learning (Abdulmohsin Altawil); (5) Cloud Computing in Higher Education Sector for Sustainable Development (Yuchao Duan); and (6) Exploring Connectivism in the Context of Online Social Trading (Endrit Kromidha). Posters in these proceedings include: (1) A Preliminary Investigation into the Information Sharing Behavior of Social Media Users after a Natural Disaster (Yukiko Maruyama); (2) Effects of a Technology-Friendly Education Program on Pre-Service Teachers' Perceptions and Learning Styles (Dong-Joong Kim and Sang-Ho Choi); (3) Use of Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies in Online Search: An Eye-Tracking Study (Mingming Zhou and Jing Ren); (4) Development of a Diagnostic System for Information Ethics Education (Shingo Shiota, Kyohei Sakai and Keita Kobayashi); (5) A Practical Study of Mathematics Education Using Gamification (Kyohei Sakai and Shingo Shiota); (6) Demonstrating the CollaTrEx Framework for Collaborative Context-Aware Mobile Training and Exploration (Jean Botev); (7) Development of Training/Self-Recognizing Tools for Disability Students Using a Face Expression Recognition Sensor and a Smart-Watch (Taku Kawada, Akinobu Ando, Hirotaka Saito, Jun Uekida, Nobuyuki Nagai, Hisashi Takeshima and Darold Davis); and (8) Analysis of Usage Trends of Social Media and Self-Esteem by the Rosenberg Scale (Hiroko Kanoh). Finally, one doctoral consortium is included: A Model for an Information Security Risk Management (ISRM) Framework for Saudi Arabian Organisations (Naser Alshareef). An author index is provided. Individual papers contain references.

Adaptive learning techniques have typically scheduled practice using learners' accuracy and item presentation history. We describe an adaptive learning system (Adaptive Response Time Based Sequencing--ARTS) that uses both accuracy and response time (RT) as direct inputs into sequencing. Response times are used to assess learning strength and to determine mastery, making both fluency and accuracy goals of learning. ARTS optimizes spacing by expanding item recurrence intervals as an inverse function of RT. In Experiment 1, we compared ARTS to Atkinson's (1972) Markov model system using geography learning and found substantially greater learning efficiency for ARTS. In Experiment 2, we deployed the system in a real learning setting. Third graders attending an online school mastered basic multiplication facts in about two hours using ARTS, outperforming a control group using standard instruction. These results suggest that response time-based adaptive learning has remarkable potential to enhance learning in many domains. [This paper was published in: L. Carlson, C. Hoelscher, & T. Shipley (Eds.), "Expanding the Space of Cognitive Science: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society" (pp. 2532-2537). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.]

The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agents systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aimed to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference received 98 submissions from more than 24 countries. Out of the papers submitted, 29 were accepted as full papers. In addition to the presentation of full papers, short papers and reflection papers, the conference also includes a keynote presentation from internationally distinguished researchers. Individual papers contain figures, tables, and references.

The paper describes recent advances in Infranetics (Infrastructures+Cybernetics) – the new umbrella science based on the MABICS-converging technology (Digital Stochastic Mechanics and Design, Artificial Intelligence, Biotechnology, Information Technology, Cognitive and Social Sciences) that emerged in 2016 [1]. Infranetics is being constructed as a multidiscipline science to facilitate design and implementation of advanced resilient smart infrastructures-components of artificial nature, congruent with the new type of human performance that is emerging supported by NBIC technologies. The knowledge base and methodology of infranetics, as well as means of harmonized governance of urban and regional infrastructures and unresolved priority issues of infranetics are briefly outlined. The paper describes how to use infranetics when solving real life problems related to urban and regional development, resilience, and governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing viable business opportunities builds the basis for entrepreneurial action and value creation. Even though the concept of opportunity has been discussed extensively, we still do not understand well how opportunities are recognized or developed to innovative business ideas on individual and firm level. Various factors related to opportunity recognition have been explored, such as education and business experience of the entrepreneur. While these findings are important, they do not explain sufficiently how entrepreneurs utilize these antecedents. Approaches originating from cognitive sciences have the potential to advance our understanding by examining underlying cognitive processes employed in opportunity recognition and business ideation. This conceptual paper provides a review of literature that deploys a cognitive perspective and discusses emerging theories, e.g. schemata, mental simulations, and structural alignment. Eventually, an outlook on future research, including practical issues, such as how to facilitate opportunity recognition, is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the previous decade, Rapid boom in the area of Wi-Fi conversation has extended demand for spectrum assets and created a scarcity of handy radio spectrum. Traditional Wi-Fi networks which include Wi-Fi sensor networks working in an unlicensed spectrum band are suffered from uncontrolled interference, as this unlicensed spectrum band receives crowded day by using day. This trouble is no longer due to the fact of spectrum band deficiency, instead it is due to the fact of the misuse/inefficient utilization of the spectrum bands i.e., constant spectrum undertaking coverage. The cognitive radio science is one of the promising technological know-how to tackle the shortage of spectrum resources, from the introduction of cognitive science there is a lot of lookups is going on its spectrum sensing strategies. this paper aimed to grant an in-depth evaluation on current advances in spectrum sensing methods and wholly affords the merit, demerits, and challenges confronted in spectrum sensing techniques and scope of similarly lookup of every spectrum sensing strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims combine the cognitive modeling (CM) approach of cognitive sciences together with AI approach. The intention behind this paper is to better understand, particularly through CM, how - cognitively - sustainable BM innovation strategies work. Our proposal is justified because the business world uses the concept of sustainability at varying levels of meaning, and experiments with it either with acute consciousness or absence of awareness of the natural environment challenges and their associated beliefs. The first part of this paper presents how cognitive sciences can help to conceptualize new BM compliant with strong sustainability or 'flourishing' goal, the second part focuses on an embodied robot role inside a not yet designed 'flourishing' BM game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to highlight the need to consider the use of Factor analysis (FA) that is commonly employed using exploratory FA, confirmatory FA and the Structural equation modelling technique for user-centric evaluative research. Our argument is that since user-centric studies are multidimensional and multivariate in nature, the appropriate data analytic technique is required for such challenges. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analytic technique like the FA have matured in other related fields, such as: The Cognitive and behavioural sciences; human computer interaction and Psychology from where ISs most times draws from in terms of user-related studies. This is not yet the case in IS. Therefore, our enthusiasm hopefully is to whet the appetite of IS researchers, particularly those that are engaged in usercentric evaluative research in a way that motivates them to pursue additional knowledge about the technique. To do this, this paper reports the use of the FA methodology to assess an IS, and presented a measurement model. The use of FA technique based on the degree of validity and reliability as demonstrated by the model, which is significantly replicable, is therefore recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi-realism is an assertion about a degree: a matter of attention and how this structure of intelligibility alters what we take to be real. Given the partial separation of language from thought as the justification for an anti-foundationalist epistemology and calls to phrase the human sciences in cognitive scientific terms, the intelligibility of sociology's own central subject matter is becoming a political matter that the mere assertion of theoretical pluralism alone cannot address. These politics become clear when one examines the sociological theorizing that delineates cognitive sociology from the contemporary debate in the sociology of culture & cognition, a lingering ambiguity regarding what "environment" means. In light of this debate, this paper seeks to articulate Durkheim's arguments according to two different structures of intelligibility. In doing so, the paper revisits Durkheim's articulation of the dualism of human nature, its relationship to Goffman's cognitive sociology, and the prospect of a quasi-realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of our current National Science Foundation (NSF: IUSE Award #1912253) project is the degree to which spaced retrieval practice, as compared to massed, increases performance on an end-of-semester exam in 10 different STEM courses (e.g., engineering, chemistry, biology). This paper presents an intermediate analysis examining the psychometric properties of the retrieval-practice exercises in two specific courses. The critical question is whether the psychometric properties of the exercises differ depending on whether they are spaced or massed. Preliminary results indicate that spacing does not consistently affect reliability of items, but can impact item difficulty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper concentrates on knowledge-reality-discourse interface. We build on three strands: (a) new interdisciplinary model of generation and transfer of knowledge, (b) the new approach to interdisciplinary discourse which is heterorarchical, heterogeneous and defined by social context, and (c) socio-cognitive approach to discourse analysis suggested by van Dijk. We draw on the three sources if knowledge: direct physical contact with reality; discourse; inference. Both discourse and knowledge represent reality, but knowledge represents reality through mental models and discourse - through words. Mental models are not direct copies of the reality, they are constructed by the human being [1]. We proceed from the assumption that there is a certain correlation between the structures of knowledge and the structures of interdisciplinary discourse. We argue that interdisciplinary discourse is a means of generation and transmission of integrated knowledge. We can speak about various types of integrated knowledge: integrated methodological knowledge, integrated empirical knowledge, and integrated theoretical knowledge. Each type of integrated knowledge correlates with different types of interdisciplinary discourse. We analyze this interconnection by close examination of cognitive interdisciplinary discourse which correlates with integrated knowledge emerging as a result of interaction between different sciences constituting cognitive science: cognitive linguistics, cognitive philosophy, cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, cognitive anthropology, and neuroscience. We also argue that the structure of interdisciplinary discourse varies in different cultures. We try to prove this point by analyzing the dynamics of changing conceptual worldview of English-speaking community in relation to the language structures and reality. The method used in the paper is that of conceptual analysis, specifically, conceptual metaphors analysis. This method is still viewed as quite authoritative and reliable. We come to the conclusion that the trichotomy "knowledge-reality-interdisciplinary discourse" should be studied from the point of view of integrated approach which can provide integrated studies of the ways of knowledge generation, its transmission, its expression in different types of discourse and different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the efficacy of emergency agencies like fire departments is receiving increased attention in academia and practice. In recent times, novel firefighter information technologies like digital plans and augmented reality systems have been proposed to better support the work of firefighters. These technologies, however, mostly result from technology-driven approaches and run a risk of failing the actual needs of the users. In this paper, we present the design of a controlled study to more rigorously examine firefighters' needs for information. Considering the search and rescue task during a building fire as an exemplary case, we first identify informational potentials to support the work on site. Based on theories of situation awareness and cognitive science, we then hypothesize that graphical building information can facilitate the search and rescue task. To examine the hypotheses, we propose the design of a controlled, yet realistic laboratory experiment that was developed in cooperation with a Bavarian state firefighting academy. During the experiment, firefighter squads will be provided with different kinds of building information and evaluated with respect to their task performance. The results of the experiment are expected to provide implications for the design of novel firefighter information technologies and firefighters' working routines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past two or three years many papers have appeared which link topics in strategic management to theory and research in cognitive sciences. This paper enumerates several theoretical and methodological questions which these papers have often ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern studies in physiology and cognitive neuroscience consider a noise as an important constructive factor of the brain functionality. Under the adequate noise, the brain can rapidly access different ordered states, and provide decision-making by preventing deadlocks. Bistable dynamic models are often used for the study of the underlying mechanisms of the visual perception. In the present paper, we consider a bistable energy model subject to both additive and parametric noise. Using the catastrophe theory formalism and stochastic sensitivity functions technique, we analyze a response of the equilibria to noise, and study noiseinduced transitions between equilibria. We demonstrate and analyse the effect of hysteresis squeezing when the intensity of noise is increased. Stochastic bifurcations connected with the suppression of oscillations by parametric noises are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to investigate how the existing knowledge in a cognitive system can be used to help fill-in an incomplete situation picture. This is motivated by the human brain's innate ability to use new incoming information together with stored knowledge to fill in gaps of the whole picture in the mind. The research focus of this paper is on the inference or retrieval of information that is relevant to the current circumstances, but not directly obtainable from actual observations. The objective is to derive methods to help uncover as complete a situation picture as possible with high degree of confidence. Two computational approaches to enhance situation awareness for adaptive decision making given partial information are proposed. The proposed approaches enhanced an existing system Dynamic Bayesian Reasoning and Advanced Intelligent Network (D'Brain) which is a cognitive based dynamic reasoning system that uses Bayesian network as the underlying knowledge representation. Simulations are carried out to test the feasibility of the proposed approaches. The results show that they are promising approaches to fulfil the objectives in enhancing situation awareness for adaptive decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper is a theoretical discussion of the technical, ethical, legal and social implications of the biotechnological (e.g., using AI and robotics) to neuroscience research and neuroethics. In particular, reflection will be made on the responsible use of neurotechnological devices directed to the consumer as well as on the advanced machine learning and brain imaging techniques which involve the recording, testing and analysis of biometric data. According to recent theories, the architecture of our brains determines our social behaviour and our inclusive moral dispositions, influencing the type of society we create, and vice versa. (cf., Damasio, 2017). It is now accepted that both reason and emotion influence moral judgment, as the degree of automaticity in decision-making process (analytic vs. heuristic) influence human choices and actions (cf. Greene et al., 2001; Ferreira et al., 2016). Thus, ethical challenges in collecting and analysing biometric data involve the discussion of the benefits of working with this type of data, but also, of the risks involved in their uses and applications. Such risks display levels of vulnerability related to the privacy of the mental and physical states of the users (as some technologies are used directly by consumers), and raise questions of whether biometric data has suitable treatment, as well as on the existence of legislative frameworks against which their uses can be displayed. To what extent is risk management capacity -- considering risk as a constitutive condition of modernity (Beck, 1992) --, important to the implementation and results of programs when dealing with such a sensitive type of data, and what is the role of advance technologies and neuroscience research in this process? Questions of access and literacy, the use of technological tools in civil society, and regulatory issues on how to protect the privacy of biometric data collection and analysis will be addressed. The main contribution of such discussion is to point out how emergent changes caused by the biotechnological uses in society are affecting the formation of contemporary culture and humans as beings, for some of these objects can also be seen as technological extensions of the human body biological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following affective turn in cognitive science, recent decades have witnessed an increasing interest toward the role of emotions in education. Ample evidence suggests that learners and teachers experience a variety of emotions, ranging from joy and pride to anger and frustration. However, when it comes to the design of affective behavior in robotic systems for education purposes, the emphasis has been predominantly on communication of positive emotions. While we recognize that positive emotions are fundamental to successful learning, in this paper we wish to make the case for the consideration of ambivalent emotions for the design of social robots for tutoring. To ground this proposal, we focus on the emotion of teachers' disappointment. First, we discuss under which conditions communicated teachers' disappointment, while it may be experienced as emotionally ambivalent by teachers and students, functions as an affiliating pedagogical strategy. We proceed to sketch out the methodological suggestions we consider relevant for future studies of communicated disappointment in human-robot interactions within learning contexts. We conclude with critical reflections about the ethics of responsible designs of such studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are applied to predict protein concentrations of a biological system. The input data are generated from a nonlinear mathematical model of the protein concentration. The protein concentrations from CDC6 data with actual kinetic parameter are taken as the target output. The data are then trained using multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network with a 6-6-6 configuration. The allocation of the data will be distributed into 3 categories that are 80% as training data, 10% as validation data, and 10% as test data. The learning rules used in this work to determine the best model are gradient descent, conjugate gradient, scaled conjugate gradient. It is found that the MLP with scaled conjugate gradient learning rule gives the best prediction rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main tools that we have for the study of student science conceptions is the clinical interview. Research on student understanding of natural phenomena has tended to understand interviews as tools for reading out a student's knowledge. In this paper, we argue for a shift in how we think about and analyze interview data. In particular, we argue that we must be aware that the interview itself is a dynamic process during which a sort of conceptual change occurs. We refer to these short time-scale changes that occur over a few minutes in an interview as conceptual dynamics. Our goal is to devise new frameworks and techniques for capturing the conceptual dynamics. To this end, we have devised a simple and neutral cognitive framework. In this paper, we describe this framework, and we show how it can be applied to understand interview data. We hope to show that the conceptual dynamics of interviews are complex, but that it nonetheless feasible to make them a focus of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future space exploration can utilize artificial intelligence as an integral part of next generation space rover technology to make the rovers more autonomous in performing mission objectives. The main advantage of the increased autonomy through a higher degree of intelligence is that it allows for greater utilization of rover resources by reducing the frequency of time consuming communications between rover and earth. In this paper, we propose a space exploration application of our research on a non-symbolic algorithm and concepts model. This model is based on one of the most recent approaches of cognitive science and artificial intelligence research, a parallel distributed processing approach. We use the Mars rovers. Sprit and Opportunity, as a starting point for proposing what rovers in the future could do if the presented model of non-symbolic algorithms and concepts is embedded in a future space rover. The chosen space exploration application for this paper, novel rock detection, is only one of many potential space exploration applications which can be optimized (through reduction of the frequency of rover-earth communications. collection and transmission of only data that is distinctive/novel) through the use of artificial intelligence technology compared to existing approaches. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the model of integrated methodology which can be applied within cognitive science in several dimensions. We proceed from the new model of knowledge generation and transfer which is interdisciplinary by nature. Hot research at the moment is taking place not within, but between paradigms. The new type of research requires new integrated methodology. The methods are closely connected with the problems posed in the research. Traditionally, the linguists follow the dichotomy "qualitative vs. quantitative" methods of analysis. However, for the past few years the tendency for the convergence of two methodological paradigms has set in. The main question under discussion regards the degree of integration of qualitative and quantitative methods? Opinions differ. The main problem here is the problem of transferability and compatibility of different paradigms and methodologies. We argue that the model of integrated methodology can be applied within cognitive science at different levels: a) local integration within separate subject area (e.g. cognitive-discursive paradigm in linguistics); b) integration within the cluster of sciences (e.g. integration between different subject areas within the humanities); c) integration between clusters of sciences (e.g. synthesis between science and humanities). The method used in the paper is integrated methodology based on multi-dimensional analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agent-based modelling (ABM) can be used as a computational tool to model human routing behaviour, and offers particular promise when combined with insights from cognitive science. In this paper, we introduce typical errors into the encoding of the agents mental representation of the environment. This method deviates from the classical computer science paradigm of optimality to capture human behaviour more accurately. By incorporating common distance and direction estimation errors, our model produces routes with fewer computational artefacts such as zigzagging (i.e., turning more often than the typical human) and bottlenecks (i.e., routing through one particular node that maximises efficiency).We demonstrate our results in regular and irregular environments and validate our model using a set of real-world footfall data from Westminster, London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent initiatives in the sociology of culture and cognition, represented by the works of Omar Lizardo, John Levi Martin, Stephen Vaisey and others, are some of the most intriguing developments in contemporary sociological theory and cultural sociology. Aiming at the progress in cultural analysis, these initiatives at the same time include substantial criticism of basic statements of cultural theory. I argue that, for the mutual benefits of cultural sociology and cognitive science, first, cultural sociology must take seriously the recent developments of cultural cognitive sociologists -- and thus to avoid the threat of the neglect of these important impetuses; and, second, -- to overcome counterproductive one-sided reshaping cultural concepts led by ideas about cognition -- and thus to avoid prospective nullification of the most of the developments of cultural theory. To solve the former task, this paper aims to contribute to recognizing these initiatives as an important challenge for cultural sociology to be addressed in a strategic way. To solve the latter task, I propose an ideal-typical model, which embraces those underlying premises of the cultural turn, which fundamentally oppose to cultural concepts -- 'the informational theory of communication,' which reduces culture to information. Although many cognitive scientists and sociologists of culture and cognition are aware of the limitations and counter-productivity of this model, I argue, that, first, it is still clearly traceable in many of their arguments, and, second, it can be seen as a cultural logic underlying substantial part of their arguments. I argue, that replacing this logic with Durkheimian model of sui generis synthesis not only allows to use the insights of cognitive science in sociology in a more productive way, but also opens a way for sociology to contribute to the cognitive sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research addressing the question of whether matching an individual's cognitive style to instruction yields favorable outcomes has presented mixed findings. Advancing research in the field requires an adequate measure of cognitive style. The Cognitive Style Analysis-CSA [15] is a computerized test assessing an individual's information processing style across two dimensions; verbalimagery and wholist-analytic, to be used on ages 11 to adult. The instrument has received some criti-cism for having low reliability and concerns have been raised regarding its validity. This paper first provides an overview of the instrument, and next presents a review of several studies that have evaluated the reliability and validity of the CSA. In these studies, test-retest, parallel forms, and split-half reliability methods were conducted, and construct and predictive validity were evaluated. Finally, the paper concludes with several recommendations to improve the instrument's reliability and suggestions to overcome issues related with its validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some industries are lacking the proposal of truly original new ideas to renew existing products and/or services, despite repeated efforts from all stakeholders to make innovative and original proposals. These situations, called orphan innovation, lead to revisit the contemporary approaches to the study of obstacles in ideation, as orphan innovation is a paradoxical situation. Conventional financial constraints and institutional level are released, the market demand is strong, niche strategies are possible and bold entrepreneurs abound. And yet, the proposals do not fulfil expectations regarding innovation. We advocate in this paper that cognitive sciences can contribute to making sense of this phenomenon. Based on recent studies in cognitive psychology on idea generation, we propose a model of ideation reasoning, contrasting heuristic-based reasoning and exploration-based reasoning. We then apply this model on a case study, showing how a cognitive model of ideation allows to diagnose orphan innovation and more generally innovation lock-ins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the current issues of interpretation of information. The importance of this issue arises mainly from the today's availability of data, which is connected mainly with the expansion of the Internet. In particular, it highlights the practical implications of visualization of information, the benefits and possibilities for a better interpretation of presented data and the dependence of interpretation of the sense of information on its presentation (ie. the principles of interpretation of visual content). In this context, it also points out the necessity to take into account the important role of individual knowledge and its development, as well as (critical system) thinking. Theoretical findings are practically applied to marketing management, where are information and communication technologies (ICT) increasingly more used. In this context offers this text also the broader connections and the paper deals with the phenomena of so-called information or knowledge society. The paper combines narrative with arguments and analysis / synthesis. Interpretation is based on a rigorous theoretical framework. With a respect to the trans-disciplinarity of this theme, this post derives from the theory of information, system sciences, cognitive science and modern approaches in marketing (eg. internet marketing) and management (information and knowledge management). The paper tries to present the critical reflection with an emphasis on understanding the mutual relations between the studied phenomena and processes. The authors of this post try to point out the unusual perspectives of the phenomenon of the visualization of information. In practice, the widespread view is under the influence of such phenomena as the instrumentalization and commodification of education or orientation led by phoney economic interests. This view leads to the use of available tools and formalized procedures without a deeper understanding which enable the effective interconnection (and reasoning in context). This results in a loss of a synergistic effect and consequently in untapped potential. In the worst case are the results the inefficiency of resources, poor decisions or the utter failure of management. Presented benefits of visualization of information and recommendations, given the importance of human knowledge in the investigated phenomena, are oriented to the areas of education, specifically to the education of informatics (due to the massive application of modern ICT in this area). Other recommendations are directed primarily to the field of marketing (marketing management). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine Learning is at the frontline of technological advancements today. A subset of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning emphasises on creating software systems which can learn and enhance themselves based on experiences, without being explicitly programmed. The excitement about Machine Learning stems from the fact that it is engulfing us in some or the other way. Be it Driver less cars or Spam email filtering or Google search or Google translate or Speech recognition - these applications use Machine learning in some or the other way. This paper gives a conceptual overview of Machine Learning and areas of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to describe the process, analysis, results and implications of a card-sorting usability study. The study was conducted in order to investigate user-behavior during the design of a mobile tablet application for inexperienced users centred on the topic of “first aid”. Card sorting is a participant-based knowledge elicitation technique for grouping information into categorical domains. We identified nine categories of cards and three cards were used by a small percentage of users. The categories showed indications of grouping by shared words and task. Differences in grouping were probably due to various mental representations on the part of users. Novices tend to group cards in one level without sub-groupings. Participants made many suggestions regarding possible new content. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Facial emotion recognition from video is an exemplar case where both humans and computers underperform. In recent emotion recognition competitions, top approaches were using either geometric relationships that best captured facial dynamics or an accurate registration technique to develop appearance features. These two methods capture two different types of facial information similarly to how the human visual system divides information when perceiving faces. In this paper, we propose a biologically-inspired fusion approach that emulates this process. The efficacy of the approach is tested with the Audio/Visual Emotion Challenge 2011 data set, a non-trivial data set where state-of-the-art approaches perform under chance. The proposed approach increases classification rates by 18.5% on publicly available data. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Formulating requirements for a video search system can be a challenging task when everyone is a possible user. This paper explores the possibilities of classifying users by creating a Profile Matrix, placing users on two axes: experience and goal-directedness. This enables us to describe the characteristics of the subgroups and investigate differences between the different groups. We created Profile Matrices by classifying 850 respondents of a survey regarding a requirements study for a video search system. We conclude that the Profile Matrix indeed enables us to classify subgroups of users and describe their characteristics. The current research is limited to descriptions of subgroups and analysis of differences between these subgroups. In the future, we want to research what these differences mean with regard to the users' performance and acceptance of a video search system and explore the use of a profile matrix for other types of search systems. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although enterprises perceive the importance of change, practitioners often report that dealing with changes is still a challenge. One way of addressing change is to guide the decision making of architects using a viewpoint. This paper presents a change viewpoint that frames the concerns of architects related to change. In an attempt to better understand what the architects' concerns are and the kind of support they need for dealing with change, we have conducted a case study in the Dutch Electronic Health Record system. Based on the results of this case study, the change viewpoint, aiming at guiding the architects in their reasoning, has been defined and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Contemporary web browsers do not provide customized recommendations for the users; rather than some suggestions based on cookies or browsing history after content filtering. Usually, most of the users provide some key words to search the contents inside their preferred websites and based on these key words web servers provide the contents. So, it would be an interesting and important idea to provide suggestions or recommendations for the preferred websites based on the user's emotional behaviours and preferences. In this paper, we proposed an efficient recommendation system by means of an emotional web browsing agent which not only can take input from the environment accurately but also provides efficient recommendations of the ranked websites based on the training datasets and inputs. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed emotional web browsing agent can recommend specific websites based on user's emotions very efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Followers have been the center of organizational focus in modern structure. The activation of followership could be a remark of successful leadership. Leaders must begin to understand the types of people they lead. Team members identify themselves as a unit and practically plan organizational development and progress to achieve similar strategies and objectives. The development of a leader-member exchange is based on characteristics of the ‘working relationship’ as opposed to a personal or friendship relationship. Leaders create unity through demonstration of group-mindedness by making more references to the collective history, the collective identity and interests, and collective efficacy. The more leaders augment follower identification (through role modeling or group socialization), the more followers will likely experience higher feelings of ownership and responsibility. This paper is intended to characterize the types of followers that might exist in organizations, and establish an integration of followers' classification. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Latent growth curve (LGC) models have been increasingly used to assess the nature and form of trajectories of growth or decline that accompany aging processes. In this paper we review several critical issues that arise in the application of these models to analysis of cohort differences in patterns of cognitive aging. Our discussion raises issues that may apply to other domains of human functioning as well, but in the present paper we focus specifically on the study of cognitive aging. We begin with a brief review of the literature on cognitive aging and a consideration of the limitations of perspectives often used to draw inferences about processes of within-person change. While longitudinal data are essential for drawing inferences about within-person processes of aging, there are several challenges inherent in the approach. We contrast the key features of two popular specifications of growth processes—time-based models and age-based models—and illustrate how these models merge in the specification of multiple-cohort models. Using a structural equation models (SEM) approach, we show how a comparison of the results of these models can be used to test for cohort effects on cognitive outcomes. For these purposes we rely on data from the study of Health and Retirement Study (HRS) using available measures of cognitive function. We conclude that LGC models are a powerful asset in the study of cohort differences in patterns of cognitive aging, which if properly specified can yield significant results that will advance the field of cognitive science. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our general aim is to reflect the advances in artificial intelligence and cognitive science fields to space exploration studies such that next generation space rovers can benefit from these advances. We believe next generation space rovers can benefit from the studies related to employing conceptual representations in generating structured thought. This way, rovers need not be equipped with all necessary steps of an action plan to execute in space exploration but they can autonomously form representations of their world and reason on them to make intelligent decision. As part of this approach, autonomous novelty detection is an important feature of next generation space rovers. This feature allows a rover to make further decisions about exploring a rock sample more closely or not and on its own. This way, a rover will use less of its time for communication between the earth and itself and more of its time for achieving its assigned tasks in space. In this paper, we propose an artificial neural network based novelty detection mechanism that next generation space rovers can employ as part of their intelligence. We also present an implementation of such a mechanism and present its reliability in detecting novelty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive Science has focused on general principles of problem solving and learning that might be relevant for physics education research. This paper examines three selected issues that have relevance for the difficulty of transfer in problem solving domains: specialized systems of memory and reasoning, the importance of content in thinking, and a characterization of memory retrieval in problem solving. In addition, references to these issues are provided to allow the interested researcher entries to the literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the need for a “grand theory” of physics cognition and learning. The idea of the grand theory is that it would be a complete description of the knowledge students possess and how that changes over time, from before instruction, all the way through expertise. The first part of the paper discusses our current state of knowledge and possible strategies for making progress on the grand theory. The second part of the paper illustrates, with an example, how the program might work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few decades a new mode of explanation originating in cognitive science, evolutionary psychology and neurology has come to challenge traditional sociological forms of explanation. Like previous mind-centered approaches, this new neurogenetic cognitivism seeks to replace culture and society with mind and brain as centerpieces of explaining all things human. For neurogenetic cognitivists all aspects of culture, such as marriage practices, sexuality, creativity or family systems, are explainable with reference to the evolutionary organization or structure of the mind. In this paper I examine some of the challenges to sociological explanation brought by this new neurogenetic cognitivism. I also examine the history of the debate between mind centered and socially centered forms of explanations. I conclude with a discussion of how the relationship between mind and society can be reconceptualized in a way that avoids the reductionist tendencies of both parties in this debate. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U.S. class differentials in levels of fertility are longstanding, with the poor and less educated generally having more children. A common explanation of the education gap in fertility is the better employment opportunities of the more educated, which make time out of the labor force for childbearing and child rearing more costly. The opportunity cost or cost-of-time perspective, however, does not make a clear distinction between delayed and forgone family formation. First birth rates before age 30 have declined for all women, but they have increased after age 30 for college graduates only, suggesting that the more educated may be catching up in their thirties for earlier fertility delay. This raises the question: are college-educated women increasing their completed fertility relative to their less educated counterparts? The distinction between timing and number of births has important theoretical implications for our understanding of family change. While the opportunity cost perspective implies fewer births to the more educated at all ages, the ability to substitute income for time in child care and better prospects on the marriage market may increasingly mean later but not fewer births to the college educated. Our paper examines change in the relationship between education and the timing, number, and context of births between two cohorts of women, one reaching the end of their childbearing years in 1989 and the other in 2001. We examine the relationship between education and fertility using discrete-time hazard models that capture interactions between education and age, cohort, and race. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on 6th Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Science which aims to support growth of research in cognitive and behavioral science and mentions "BEST PAPER AWARDS" for authors and students to their contributions and research publications.

Successfully preparing students to become practicing engineers requires the development of their conceptual and epistemological approaches to the world around them. This paper describes a robust, flexible and empirically testable framework developed to characterize engineering students' conceptual understanding and personal epistemologies as they develop from their sophomore year to their second year of engineering practice. The strength of the framework lies in the balances struck between firm commitments that can be confirmed or falsified, and open-endedness where existing theories are too contradictory to warrant such a commitment. The frameworks were developed through literature review drawing from the fields of cognitive science, educational psychology, science education, philosophy and learning theory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Drawing on the efforts, initially mentioned within the "ENHANCING E-LEARNING THROUGH USING STUDENTS' VIRTUAL CLONES"i presented during the 2014 eLSE Conference, this paper plunges into the actual mechanisms of cognitive clone generation. Cognitive sciences are either (1) theoretical constructions meant to secure the knowledge acquisition, or (2) collections of knowledge criteria and conditions meant to objectivize it. In order to reach out and grasp the rational structure in things, their unity and definition, we should be able to express an inner thought by generating a "matter- form"- tuple in voce. The traditional approach to knowledge management - (a) knowledge acquisition, (b) knowledge building, and (c) meaning extraction - implies its under-standing as a hermeneutical method heavily employed by an alert cognizant able to gain an objective and gradual understanding in experiencing the reality. Our intuition says that a subject carrying knowledge management capabilities is actually immersed within a field of morphing logical forms. The knowledge is (i) a field since it could encompasses reality & possibility-wide events; it is (ii) morphing since it is acting internally (i.e. morphing) upon each cognizant subject's knowledge, and it is (iii) of logical forms since its combined perception - thinking is solidified into notions (i.e. logical forms). In our view, (a) knowledge acquisition is, above all, a continuous interpretation over the real and/or possible situations - finalized into logical forms to which individuals are exposed during their experiences, while (b) knowledge building reflects its incremental accumulation, either due to the actual evolution of the supporting events, or due to the cognizant' intended actions; while (c) meaning extraction refers to the identification of subjective relationships between logical forms (existing knowledge within an ontology) and the actual acquired knowledge by the cognizant individuals. Briefly, the proposed approach is based on this ancient reality's intrinsic structure made out of: (i) matter (characterized as global and unique) and (ii) forms (hierarchically organized and saturating the matter). Logical forms, acting as perceptual masks for our understanding, transfigure the matter. Therefore, our quest for knowledge acquisition and understanding should start by chasing the logical forms the ontic entities are subjected to. In fact, these logical forms wrap up the reality, altering, in a subject-specific manner, the knowledge repository within all related cognizant subjects. For such a subject, understanding is a process governed by repeatedly acquiring logical forms over the same event and by checking upon necessary mappings between the every-time-acquired knowledge and the constantly evolving corresponding notion (representing the process of cognitive logical forms' generation),A new perspective is envisioned and under scrutiny over the way that science and engineering tackle the reality, our approach intending to reproduce the human knowledge acquisition process. Reaching out and grasping the rational structure in things is nothing else than identifying the logical forms within the things, representing a process of embedding notions and their descriptions into individuals' knowledge repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short paper we propose a socio-technical framework for developing cyber security warning systems. We start by reviewing latest research and theories on socio-technical nature of information systems security. We then show the need to consider the social dimension of information systems security as recommended by number of global security consortiums. Afterward we review the development of some of the main currently existing global cyber security warning systems. Finally we present our suggested socio-technical coordination platform to feature socio-technical enabled cyber security warning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]