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Imagetwin and Proofig AI are software tools that help scientists detect manipulated or copied images in research papers. These tools automate the process of image analysis, which used to be done manually by researchers. Imagetwin, in particular, compares images in a paper to a database of 51 million images, flagging any similarities or copies. The software has been successful in identifying problematic images and has been praised by researchers. However, it is not perfect and can sometimes miss certain issues. These tools offer a chance to improve the quality of published science and have already had an impact on the rejection rates of papers in some journals. However, there are concerns about the potential for AI algorithms to fabricate both text and images in scientific studies. [Extracted from the article]

A physicist at the University of Rochester in New York, Ranga Dias, has been found to have engaged in research misconduct, according to a committee that investigated his work. Dias, who gained attention for his claims of discovering a room-temperature superconductor, has had four papers retracted in the past 18 months due to data-reliability concerns. The investigation was prompted by complaints about additional studies and concluded that Dias had engaged in research misconduct. The University of Rochester declined to provide the report, and the status of any disciplinary action against Dias is unknown. [Extracted from the article]

A Harvard University investigation into behavioral scientist Francesca Gino found that her work contained manipulated data and recommended that she be fired. The investigation, which was conducted by three Harvard Business School professors, concluded that Gino engaged in multiple instances of research misconduct in the four papers they examined. Gino has defended herself against the allegations, claiming that the problems in her work were the result of honest errors. The case has generated significant attention and has sparked a legal battle between Gino and the university. [Extracted from the article]