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The article reports on the development of science in Germany. Several scientific initiatives in the country has shown its commitment in integrating its academic traditions with international standards of research. Almost a quarter of a million foreign students were enrolled in the higher-education system of the country in 2006. In addition, German researchers surpassed Great Britain in the total number of research papers published and citations.

An interview with clinical epidemiologist John Ioannidis is presented. He discusses his introduction to cumulative meta-analysis in evidence-based medicine. He describes the method behind his paper "Why Most Published Research Findings are False." He suggests that clinical trials ought to be large, well-designed, and collaborative.

Research is being made available online in libraries and the general public does not have easy access to the restricted information. In June the journal shelves at the Health Sciences Library of the University of Pittsburgh began showing holes. Where current issues of "Leukemia Research" were once stacked, stands a small cardboard sign: "Issues for 2003 are available only in electronic form." or "You need an HSL Online password to use these computers." Restrictions in the contracts the university has signed with publishers prohibit librarians from issuing passwords to the public. "We are in the midst of a massive transformation to the digital library," says Patricia Mickelson, director of the University of Pittsburgh's medical library. Scientists and doctors find the electronic resources much more convenient and libraries can't afford both electronic and print versions. Pressured by a boycott, certain journals began offering free public access to back issues a year or more after publication. Minnesota Representative Martin Sabo introduced a bill, the Public Access to Science Act, that would forbid publishers from claiming copyright on government funded research--a large part of basic and medical research. Part of the problem, adds Deborah Lordi Silverman, the library's journal manager, is that the thousands of journals are put out by just a handful of publishers, who bundle their titles into "big deals" covered by a single contract.Also in June, a nonprofit group called the Public Library of Science announced that it plans to launch in October the first of two elite life science journals that will be free online to all readers. Funded by $9 million in start-up money from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and backed by prominent scientists such as Harold E. Varmus, former director of the National Institutes of Health, the group plans to recoup its expenses by charging the scientists who submit their papers for publication.

The article focuses on the continuous citation of retracted papers in studies and ways to prevent them.

The premier issue of a new quarterly, ACM "Letters on Programming Languages and Systems (LOPLAs)," was mailed in June, 1992. It is ACM's first letter-style publication dedicated to very rapid publication of short paper. LOPLAS will particularly complement two other already existing publications, ACM "Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)," and SIGPLAN Notices, by expanding coverage of the field. LOPLAS is intended to provide a timely forum for the presentation of short papers (5000 or fewer words, excluding figures and bibliography) describing research and development efforts in all aspects of the design, definition, realization, and use of programming languages and related systems. In addition to traditional research contributions, LOPLAS will include reports on the insights and experience gained by practitioners in applying and evaluating research results.

The article presents information on the forthcoming conferences on computer science and the criteria for accepting research papers for discussion in these congresses. The theme of the Third Jerusalem Conference on Information Technology, to take place in Jerusalem, August 6- 9, 1978, is Computers, Communications and Technology Transfer. Papers are invited, particularly those dealing with technology transfer from one country to another, from one industry to another, and from one social environment to another. The International Conference on Databases: Improving Usability and Responsiveness, will be held in August 2-4, 1978, at The Technion in Haifa, Israel, immediately preceding the August 6- 9 Jerusalem Conference on information technology. Papers are solicited for the Fifth Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery SIGGRAPH and scheduled for August 21-25, 1978, in Atlanta. Areas include innovative applications of computer graphics in problem solving, design, analysis, or database management.

Reports on a White Paper that will be produced by the minister for science in Great Britain that will put forth new priorities for research. What the White Paper will contain; Discussion by MPs; Cross-party agreement with Waldegrave.

The article discusses the issues involving scientific research as of mid-May 2014, particularly the growing number of retracted scientific papers worldwide in the past 10 years. It cites the study published in the September 2012 issue of "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences," which showed that the reason for the majority of retractions was misconduct. The opinions of Doctor Eugene J. Carragee and Ewan Birney of the European Bioinformatics Institute on the issue are cited.

Investigates the practice of falsification or intentional misrepresentation of data in research. Instances where a principal investigator withdrew papers when he discovered that one of the co-authors had falsified data; Three of the most important factor limiting the critical examination of data by leading investigators.

Focuses on the poor representation of research papers from developing countries in Western academic journals. Comments of several editors on the infrequency in the publication of research work from developing countries; Reasons for the poor representation of research works from developing nations; Importance of research works from developing nations.

Analyzes the recommendation from the Advisory Council on Science and Technology (ACOST) to create separate funding mechanisms for basic and applied research. White Paper on science and technology; Distinction between basic and applied research; Opposition of researchers.

The article reports on the publications of several research papers in September 2012. Professors Jonathan Bard and Yufen Shao discuss mobile rehabilitation services in "The Therapist Routing and Scheduling Problem." Aeronautics professionals Çaglar Utku Güler, Alan W. Johnson, and Martha Cooper published "Case Study: Energy Industry Economic Impacts from Ohio River Transportation Disruption." Doctoral student Farid Mardin and professor Takeshi Arai discuss the cost of machine operation and maintenance in "Capital Equipment Replacement Under Technological Change."

The article examines the progress of a vision of parity between pedagogy and research, citing how admired teaching is not enough to prevent job cuts at the University of Surrey, England. Topics discussed include the 2011 White Paper entitled "Students at the Heart of the System" released by the coalition government, the apparent failure of the paper's vision as seen in the events at the university, and what the Surrey politics department represents.

The article presents an overview of open access (OA) and explains key issues relating to unrestricted online access to scholarly publications. It discusses the creation of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) in late 2008, and professors Robin Peek and Peter Suber's launch of an Open Access Directory wiki in April 2008. It considers the issue of how much it should cost to publish scholarly papers, and distinguishes Gratis OA with Libre OA.

Abstract: Scientific research involves mathematical modelling in the context of an interactive balance between theory, experiment and computation. However, computational methods and tools are still far from being appropriately integrated in the high school and university curricula in science and mathematics. In this paper, it is discussed the relevance of mathematical modelling and illustrated how a computer modelling tool (Modellus, a free tool available on the Internet and developed at FCTUNL) can be used to embed modelling in high school and undergraduate courses. Modellus allows students to create and explore mathematical models using functions, differential and iterative equations, and visualize the behaviour of mathematical objects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article tackles several issues concerning genetically engineered (GE) crops. Experts countered the notion that GE pollen will produce some weeds that may pollute the native ecosystems because producing a weed involves many genetic changes, mutations, and other factors like changes in environmental conditions. However, it explains some conditions wherein GE crops can establish in some environments and become invasive. Also discussed is the study of corn landraces in Northern Oaxaca in which a paper about the presence of transgenic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in landraces was published by Professor Ignacio Chapela.

Theorem 3.3 of the above paper contains some errors, which are discussed in this note. Consequently the necessary corrections are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr Gene Schultz reviews what academic progress has been made in the security usability research area. Dr Schultz finds there is an acute shortage of research on the subject. Dr Eugene Schultz examines a number of research papers on information security usability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the process of publishing research articles on dental hygiene. According to the author, a writer must be prepared for constructive criticism. She explains that the peer-review process ensures that a paper is in excellent form to be read and received by the reader, helps develop a writer, and adds credibility to a writer's work.

This section presents a student activity about the classes of animals. The library media specialist explains that the activity will be a comparison of two animals from the same class. Students are instructed to jot down facts, such as appearance, habitat and food, as they watch short clips from "United Streaming." After the activity, students will be able to write a story or short research paper.

The article informs that facial expressions are not usually a reliable guide to how people feel. It mentions that analysis of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered that there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognisable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures such as happiness, and unhappiness. It also mentions the comments of Lisa Feldman Barrett.

Do you sincerely want to be cited? Prestige depends on the number of times your academic paper gets cited. But that need not be a measure of how good it is, nor even of how many times it is actually read. Mikhail Simkin and Vwani Roychowdhury explain their theory of the unread citation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several tips on doing a report or a research paper on abortion. The National Right to Life Educational Trust Fund factsheets like The Basics and Abortion Statistics offer various information, such as the number of abortions and reasons why women have abortions. Verify information with some scientific journal or respected research institute. Resist the temptation to related personal anecdotes and be careful about unwarranted extrapolations.

The article presents an overview of the research paper on progressive urban policy which was presented at the Centre for Built Environment Studies of the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. Progressive thinking on informal settlements must engage in two processes that support their formation and perpetuation including the distorted urban land markets, and the way the competition politics of globalization mold local land markets and urban policy.

Provides a comprehensive listing and summary of research relating to literacy policy and practice. Abstracts of research findings; Project applying ethnographic-style methods to the training of literacy facilitators who teach literacy to women in rural India; Project commissioned by the Local Government Association to produce 12 case portraits, each focused on an individual learner and covering all age ranges, to illustrate various types of local authority support for a range of learning needs; Paper which provides an up-to-date analysis of the state of early childhood education in Great Britain, both in terms of policy and research outcomes.

Provides information on the research paper entitled "Recreational Reading in English As a Foreign Language in Korea: Positive Effects of a Sixteen-Week Program," by Kyung-Sook Cho and Hey-Jung Kim. Composition of the reading and writing tests; Conclusion that the provision of a rich supply of high-interest storybooks is a feasible policy for improving English learning.

A Danish government committee has ruled that one of the world's leading evolutionary biologists, Anders Pape Møller, is responsible for data fabricated in connection with an article that he co-authored in 1998 and subsequently retracted as of January 28, 2004. Møller has denied that his data were fabricated and has told "Science" that he plans to sue his chief accuser, Jørgen Rabøl, or the panel that issued the ruling, the Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty (DCSD), for defamation. Møller, a professor at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris, is a towering figure in the field. Møller and Florentino de Lope of the Universidad de Extremadura in Badajoz, Spain, published their findings in the June 1998 issue of the journal "Oikos." In 1999, Andersen and Rabøl, then an associate professor at the Zoological Institute at the University of Copenhagen, alleged in an "opinion" sent to Oikos that the paper was based on fabricated data rather than on Andersen's data.

The article discusses a research study in a 2010 issue of "Current Biology," by scientists at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, that found female paper wasps use facial patterns to judge each other's fighting ability.

The author reflects on the challenge posed by identifying fraud in the scientific landscape. She comments on the failure of editors of scientific publications to immediate address the problem associated with the publication of fraudulent papers. She recommends ways to address the problem, including the technical comment, in which independent experts are given room to dispute a finding.

The article reports that critics of the pharmaceutical industry hope that a case of prominent scientific fraud will highlight their calls for a crackdown on the use of scientific studies for marketing purposes. It talks about Scott Reuben of the Baystate Medical Center in Springfield, Massachusetts, who published a series of trials testing whether painkillers, including Pfizer's Celebrex, relieve post-operative pain. It notes that 21 of Reuben's papers have been shown to contain fabricated data, after he was investigated by Baystate officials.

The article contends that it is time for universities and other employers conducting animal experimentation to offer emotional support and public recognition to animal technicians. The author claims animal technicians grieve upon the death of animals because they care about the animals they look after. The author adds it is also time for scientists to include animal technicians more within research them, and thank them in published papers for the role they play.

The article discusses Purdue University's decision to absolve physicist Rusi Taleyarkhan's group of any misconduct. In 2002 the physicist published a paper in "Science" claiming that bombarding a solvent with neutrons and sound waves produced tiny bubbles that triggered nuclear fusion reactions. In 2006 Purdue began investigating Taleyarkhan amid accusations that the evidence of fusion he reported was inaccurate.

The article reports on the brilliant white scales of the Cyphochilus beetle. When researchers examined its scales under a microscope, they found that each one is made up of randomly arranged interweaving filaments. These scatter all the visible wavelengths of light in every direction, creating the whiteness. The key to the beetles' brilliance is the relatively wide spacing between the filaments. In white paper, a similar effect is achieved by embedding minerals in the material.

The article reports on axions. They contribute to the dark matter that constitutes 22 percent of the universe. Axions produced during the big bang could still be present. According to a paper published in March, 2006, axions produced in the laboratory may have been detected for the first time. They are difficult to detect because of their very low mass and because they are electrically neutral and only interact partially with other particles. INSET: SAVING A SYMMETRY.

This article reports that South Korean cloning researcher Woo Suk Hwang faked all his research on cloned human stem cells. He is now facing a criminal investigation for fraud. Besides the already discredited May 2005 paper in which he and his team said they created 11 stem cell lines tailored to individual patients, an investigative panel from Seoul National University found no evidence that he created the first human embryonic stem cell line from a cloned embryo, as he claimed in the year 2004. Both studies were initially hailed as huge breakthroughs in stem-cell science. There was vindication for some of his work, though. DNA tests commissioned by the panel in its month-long investigation showed that the world's first cloned dog--an Afghan hound called Snuppy created by Hwang and published in the periodical "Nature"--was not an impostor.

This article focuses on a study which suggests that friends are one of the keys to a long life. Previous research has shown that strong social networks help older people live longer. But the work has not distinguished between contact with friends or relatives. Friends might help people cope in times of stress and difficulty, the team suggests. They might also encourage healthy behaviors, such as seeking help for medical symptoms. Close friends might even have a positive physiological effect, suggests Carlos Mendes de Leon of the Rush University Medical Center in Chicago in an editorial about the paper.

This article focuses on a study related to computer worms. Computer scientists Nicholas Weaver and Vern Paxson from the University of California in Berkeley and Abhishek Kumar from the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta used a technique known as telescope analysis to study the worm's spread. A worm's release illuminates, for a few moments, dark corners of the network just as supernovae illuminate dark and distant corners of the universe, the researchers write in a paper outlining their work.

The article informs that the first rough pencil sketch of a DNA molecule by the late Francis Crick was made available online for the first time on Monday. The scribble, along with an archive of his work, will give a unique insight into the discovery of the legendary double helix. The 1953 breakthrough heralded a new era of genetic science and earned Crick and James Watson a share of the 1962 Nobel prize for medicine. Crick's doodle is one of 350 documents and images posted online by the Wellcome Trust, some from Crick's personal archive, including his original research papers on DNA and genetic codes. The hope is that the finished archive compiled with the help of U.S. National Library of Medicine will contain 11,000 items.

Focuses on the studies into ancient global warming episodes by Gavin A. Schmidt and Drew T. Shindell, of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. As researchers explore the impact of human activities on global climate, they are turning to the earth's past for valuable lessons. For a period lasting less than 100,000 years, average temperatures at the high latitudes rose by up to seven degrees Celsius. In a paper published in Paleoceanography last year, Schmidt and Shindell showed that a tremendous eruption of methane from underneath the seafloor may well have caused the intense warming. This finding has important implications for future climate change because the amount of methane in the atmosphere has doubled in the past 200 years as a result of increased rice cultivation, livestock raising, coal mining and natural gas production.

Editors of medical journals should agree to expose dubious or unethical research submitted to them for publication, according to a proposed code of conduct. Published by the Committee on Publication Ethics, which represents 178 mainly British medical journals, the code goes further than any other in obliging editors to blow the whistle. Editors signing up to the code would agree to try to identify and expose any unethical research trials and veterinarian papers more closely to spot conflicts of interest.

David Kempe and his colleagues at Cornell University in New York have found a way to identify the person one should talk to if one wants his ideas spread to as many people as possible. The researchers envisaged the community of 10, 750 particle physicists, as a network, in which each person is represented as a node and two nodes are linked if the physicists have co-authored research paper. Kempe then devised an algorithm to identify the most influential physicists in the network. The mathematical program did this not by counting the number of links each physicist had, but by looking farther and analyzing how information spreads through the network. Identifying the few most influential people is a huge challenge, even for a computer algorithm. Kempe's team had to run their algorithm thousands of times for it to identify the few people capable of triggering the cascade of influence that affected the largest proportion of the network.

The article discusses about the science in Islamic countries. The conflict in Islamic countries has clearly demonstrated the technology gap between the Arab world and the West. While Iraqis were looting their own treasure, scientists in Britain were announcing the completion of the human genome sequence. According to British writer and academic Ziauddin Sardar Nothing better illustrates the technological disparity between the Middle East and the West. For Arab nations the research paper published in a year is around 2 per cent of the average for industrialized nations. Science in Muslim countries has never properly recovered. This despite the conviction of many scholars that science and Islam are not in conflict, since the Koran explicitly encourages Muslims to seek knowledge of the world. Arab governments have to realize that to promote scientific and technological development they need to goback to the lab and do their own research into their own problems.

After a series of well-publicised drafts the final standard edition of the human genome is complete as it can be with existing technology, researchers announced earlier this week in Bethesda, Maryland as of April 2003,says Francis Collins, director of the U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute in Bethesda, and the head of the 2500-strong international team of researchers at 16 centers around the world who did the sequencing.Collins says the genome teams are still discussing timing, but they intend to publish papers on each individual chromosome sequenced.

The author reflects on less education or training given to scientists about writing, preparing and publishing scientific papers. He stated that research papers will be lucid and succinct if scientists were given formal instructions and training. The author also mentions the challenges faced in publishing the papers such as peer reviewing, copyright and conflicts of interest.

The article discusses the need for results of scientific research to be shared publicly and quickly and not be restricted by journal publications which happen to play a key role in winning research money and promotions. Three changes for providing quick public access to research findings are suggested including scientific data made accessible through online repositories prior to journal publications along with open peer review of papers, and using tools like artificial intelligence.

The article announces that a research team of Utah State University scholars received the 2012 ESRI Award for Best Scientific Paper in Geographic Information Systems for a paper describing an interdisciplinary effort to help growing communities in arid and drought-prone areas improve their management of scarce water supplies.

Focuses on the use of floating bottles in the investigations made by the U.S. Hydrographic Office. Number of papers returned to the agency; Types of sea currents; Methods used in the research.

In this article the author discusses the topics and papers related to communications through Internet, published in the August 1994 issue of the journal "Communications of the ACM." Current statistics put the Internet user base at 20-25 million with the biggest growth seen internationally. There are now over two million connections on record and observers contend that these figures will double again within the next 12 months. This global communications tool bears little resemblance to the original network that operated for some 20 years as a research hub for scientists, academics and defense contractors. Internet is mainstream; a social hangout. In August 1993 the investigated issues related to privacy, education and international connectivity; August 1994 issue of the journal "Communications of the ACM," explores its engineering and technical challenges and feats. Associate Editor Tom Lambert has been working with Guest Editor Harry Leiner, program manager at ARPA, for the past year in securing the authors and articles for this issue.

Comments on the article 'Marriage, Motherhood and Research Performance in Science,' by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman, published in the February 1987 edition of the periodical 'Scientific American,' and focused on the why men publish substantially more research papers over the course of their careers than women with comparable backgrounds.

Comments on the article 'Marriage, Motherhood and Research Performance in Science,' by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman, published in the February 1987 edition of the periodical 'Scientific American,' and focused on the failure of the factors of marriage and motherhood to explain why male scientists publish substantially more papers over men scientists in the U.S. as compared to that of male scientists.