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Biomass in its original form with low bulk density causes large transport and storage costs, and therefore, it cannot be used as an effective combustion fuel. Densification of biomass using briquetting technology can resolve the aforementioned issues and enhance the effectiveness of biomass as a combustible fuel. The relevance of using this fuel in thermal conversion processes is growing because it is abundant and under-explored. Hence, examining the fuel characteristics of these resource materials is imperative for their effective utilization in energy generation. The aim of the present work is to assess the suitability of various agricultural and aquatic residues as sources of briquette production by determining their fuel properties. Sixteen types of agricultural and aquatic residues which are abundantly available in Kerala (southwestern coastal state of India) were selected for this investigation. The fuel properties of the selected feedstock materials were determined using proximate analysis, elemental analysis, and heating value testing. The density, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content percentage, and fixed carbon percentage of the feedstock material were carried out according to different ISO standards. Furthermore, the elemental analysis and the heating value of all the feedstock materials have been determined. Finally, the paper concludes by comprehensively listing all the fuel properties of the feedstock materials investigated in this study. The density of the feedstock materials ranged from 105.92 to 700.10 kg/m3. The fuel properties showed that Water hyacinth leaves, oil palm fruit bunch, saw dust; grass waste, dry leaves, vegetable market waste, and spent tea waste have significant potential for bio-briquette production. Also, from the characterization of the feedstock material, it is evident that rice husk and banana peel have higher ash content (above 20 %). Therefore, they are not appropriate for the production of biomass briquettes. The fuel properties of various agro aquatic residues for briquette production obtained from this study are expected to be of great use to the manufacturers in the briquetting of these feedstock materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for energy worldwide, it has become imperative to explore and adopt sustainable energy practices. In this regard, predicting household electricity consumption accurately is essential, as it can help optimize energy usage and reduce waste. This paper focuses on using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) shows the neural networks to prevent household electricity consumption in India. The LSTM model was implemented using the Keras library in Python. The model was trained using the training set and tested using the testing set. The study demonstrated that LSTM neural networks are a promising approach to predicting household electricity consumption in India. Further research can be conducted to recover the accuracy of the perfect by including more variables such as household size, income, and appliance usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the growth in gross domestic product (GDP) of the country, there is an improvement in the quality of life of an individual. And the economic status of a country also depends on the amount of electrical energy consumed. So, the requirement for energy sources is also increasing day to day to meet their high energy demand. The conventional sources of energy like coal, natural gas, petroleum products etc. are depleting and at the same time they are hazardous to environment. Hence renewable sources of energy are integrated into the grid on a large scale. For optimal utilization of resources and efficient operation of the system and also to provide end consumer reliably, smart grid has been proposed to be implemented. So, in this paper various initiatives take by the government in planning, implementing and monitoring the smart grids are presented. Different implementation challenges and their possible challenges are also proposed. So, the steps taken by the government of India and governing bodies established to monitor the smart grid initiatives are providing a favorable condition. But the identified challenges are also to be considered for its effective implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ejectors can provide advantage over conventional expansion device, in terms of energy as well as exergy, especially in high pressure transcritical R744 refrigeration systems. This paper presents a simulation-based comparative study of annual energy consumption and environmental impact of four different configurations of ejector expansion R744 systems for thirty different cities in India, spread across five different climatic zones. A control strategy is also adopted in order to ensure smooth transition of operation between subcritical, transcritical and transition modes for round the clock operation. A configuration having multi-compression ejector expansion system equipped with internal heat exchanger (MCEETRC+IHX) along with suggested control strategy exhibited lowest annual energy consumption. However, all the components are not equally effective for all the cities or weather conditions. Ambient temperature and evaporator temperature are found to play an important role. A simplified economic analysis is also presented which suggests overall cost-effectiveness for supermarket food storage application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various factors have a significant impact on any building s energy consumption and its contribution to environmental footprint. Educational buildings form an integral part of commercial buildings, considering their energy consumption. This paper primarily aims to develop an energy model for higher educational Institutions (HEI) in India. The focus was to determine the contribution of significant factors to the total energy usage of the building. The Institution pioneered installing a smart IoT meter integrated into the Smart Campus Cloud Network (SCCN) in 2016 for energy monitoring. This facilitated a database of all relevant electrical parameters of the campus. The model developed with linear multivariable regression uses relevant data points from SCCN during three years from 2017 to 2019. Models developed, based on different usage patterns for each month, gave an insight into the relevant parameters on energy consumption, which varied due to externalities. A monthly trend analysis of both energy consumption and its related emission of the institute were performed. This validated the benefits from energy conservation drives at the campus. The results were indicative of a sustained mitigation initiative to reduce environmental impact, thus contributing to the reduction of Scope 2 GHG emissions. The analysis, along with the models developed, could help the HEIpredict future energy consumption. The institute thus portrayed sustainable stewardship, which any HEI could adopt in mitigating climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is heading towards the demanding hike and the downfall of fossil fuels leading to move the energy dependency of transportation and thermal energy production to unearth another reliable resource. One of the best developing and upcoming resources for the near future is biodiesel. It serves as the everlasting economically friendly resource. This paper deals with the effects on performance of the biodiesel obtained from the Tamarind seed, one of the best resources in the southern parts of India. The compression ignition engine was utilized for carrying out the examinations for the tamarind seed biodiesel (TSB) blended with petroleum diesel. The biodiesel was blended in the ratios B20, B40, and B100. The brake thermal efficiency at 50% engine operating load condition with B20 fuel was found to be corresponding with diesel fuel with 24.87 %. In contrast, the greater the blend ratios resulted in the lesser values of the brake thermal efficiency. The brake-specific fuel consumption was 0.34 kg/kWh, which is closer to the value of diesel having 0.31 kg/kWh, and unfortunately, the value increases for the progressive blends. From the obtained emission results for the tamarind seed biodiesel, the toxic gases like nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emissions were noticeably reduced than the diesel fuel. The emitted carbon monoxide was lesser to that of diesel fuel at the 75% engine load operations. Considering the overall performance and emission characteristics, the B20 TSB performed well, and the results were closer to the diesel fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, most of the growers live in remote and hilly areas. They are forced to live without power since they are not connected to grid. The present trend of increasing oil prices becomes burdensome to the grower depending on diesel generator sets. The renewable energy utilization is one of the alternate sources for running the pump for supply water to irrigation land. In this paper, the solar energy is being used to operate the pump and can be operated at a given time depend upon the requirement of water to the field based on overcoming power supply issues and generation. The reason behind case study is water pumping network control system of Global System Module (GSM) work is to design, test and evaluate a wireless water pump control system customized for working in long distant places and improve efficiency. Also this shows the water effectively using solar energy operated pump by measuring the soil moisture using sensors and there by supplying the required quantity of water, it will designed for four crops namely; 1) Sun flower 2) Wheat 3) Ground nut 4) Corn. The evaluation of the performances is based on results for crops by using hardware device unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In past several years, due to technology advancements, the costs of variable speed drives have come down sharply allowing the widespread applications of variable speed devices in building air-conditioning systems. This article presents the case study on application level of variable speed drives to the components of the air-conditioning system (VAV system) installed in Vivekanand Lecture Theatre Complex (VLTC) at MNIT Jaipur, India. After incorporating the variable speed drives to the air conditioning system, the proposed case energy performance index has been compared with the standard energy performance indexes of Energy Conservation Building Codes 2017(ECBC, ECBC+ and Super ECBC), developed by the ministry of power and Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE), India. The study of Hartman research paper on variable speed chiller plants has been used to learn existing algorithm for developing new operating strategies. Simulations are performed on EnergyPlusV8.8.0 (an energy analysis simulation program) for more than dozens of cases by making the variable a single and multiple combinations of HVAC equipment (AHU, Cooling Tower, Chiller, Pumps). The results show that the application of variable speed drives improved the performance of the air conditioning system substantially. At an average, the energy consumption of all variable chiller plant decreased by 40-45% compared to a constant speed chiller plant. All-variable speed chiller plant operating strategies have been developed based on the tailored specific performance characteristics of variable speed chillers and the variable flow characteristics of condenser pumps and cooling towers. The specific component-wise energy performance improvement after the incorporation of variable drives and ECBC compliance check for the proposed case has been presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total energy consumption in India accounts for only 17.3 % from renewable energy resources. Hence, researchers are currently looking for options to reduce the dependencies on non-renewable resources. Although solar and wind energy are the most cost-effective and efficient renewable energy sources, they are unreliable due to the sporadic nature of their occurrence, if implemented as standalones. This research aims to design independent, sustainable hybrid street light that uses only solar and wind energy for its working. We studied different design parameters using dynamic meshing technique to design blades which are aerodynamically efficient. This paper also involves simulations from MATLAB and SOLIDWORKS to get a real-life power output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design optimization of the vehicle has been an integral part of Vehicle Aerodynamics. The reason so much heed is given to this research area is due to the ever-growing concern of detrimental effects of fuel on the environment. This paper aims to optimize the shape of auto-rickshaw which is one of the most widely used vehicles in India. Being the developing nation, people use auto-rickshaw because it is economical which makes it essential to modify the design to reduce drag. This, in turn, improves the fuel efficiency of the auto-rickshaw. The impact of the addition of diffuser at the underbody along with varying slant angle at the rear side to provide boot area is studied. The modifications are done on CATIA V5 followed by investigating the coefficient of drag on ANSYS Fluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development in developing countries has led to huge increase in energy demand. In India the energy demand is increasing at a rate of 6.5% per annum. Bio diesel an eco-friendly and renewable fuel substitute for diesel has been getting the attention of researchers all over the world. This paper deals with to evaluate the engine performance and emission of VCR Diesel Engine using blend of pure lemon balm oil with diesel. in the present study shows the effect of engine performance terms of Brake specific fuel consumption and Brake thermal efficiency using taguchi based optimization. And the nano particle (MgO) is also used as a catalyst of the blends of bio fuel to enhance an optimal engine output values rate of various effective gases like NOx, CO and unburnt HC using Response curve Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude oil consumption is about 201.90 MMT in India for 2017-18. It is found that about 3/4th of crude oil is been utilized in transportation section, this has resulted in manufacturers globally to reduce the oil consumption without any sacrifice in performance of vehicles. Biodiesel, LPG, CNG and electric vehicles are some alternative methods used to reduce oil consumption. Many research work has been carried out globally by blending of Ethanol into Diesel or Hydrogen into Diesel are carried out by many researchers, but this has not been implemented commercially. Renewable and oxygenated fuel, ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel which aides in complete combustion of fuel in compression ignition engines (CI Engines). In this paper, engine performance has been studied with the addition Ethanol and Hydrogen. The investigation has been carried out on a single cylinder compression ignition engine (CI Engine) developing a maximum power of 3.7kw at 1500 rpm. Experimental analysis has been carried out for Crude Diesel (baseline fuel) and ratios of Diesel-Ethanol blends for various loading condition. Form the experimental investigations the following performance parameters has been recorded: brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, brake power and exhaust gas temperature. The results showed that the performance parameters were marginally inferior to the crude Diesel test results. From the investigation the reading clearly shows that for two fuel blending without much compromise Crude Diesel and Ethanol can be blended up to a ratio of 25% Ethanol 75% Diesel. Experimental investigations for Diesel-Hydrogen has been carried out with 6.9 liters per hour of constant hydrogen addition. This mixture had the most optimum performance characteristics. For three fuel combination i.e., Bio-Diesel (Ethanol & Diesel) and Hydrogen, Hydrogen was supplied at a constant rate of 6.9 liters per hour. From the investigations it has been found that E15-D85-H has the better performance characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing production costs of thermo-conversion of waste to fuel technologies depends upon an integrated approach to heat utilisation, nutrient recycling and complete by-product valorisation. Hydrothermal liquefaction is a proven laboratory technology with much recent research interest, though yet to be widely deployed as a commercial technology for third generation biofuels. Notwithstanding increased applied research efforts into hydrothermal liquefaction, energy inputs into waste to fuel formulation remain high, and originate from non-renewable heat sources. The technical approach presented is the field testing of an integrated set-up of concentrated solar power and hydrothermal liquefaction system and bio-crude output compositional analysis. Concentrated solar power is integrated with hydrothermal liquefaction technologies into the conversion process to improve the energy efficiency and the economic case for scaling waste to bio-crude production. This paper presents the hydrothermal liquefaction bio-oil formation and product analysis at a pre-pilot field scale. Waste valorisation and commercial strategy is discussed with reference to post-reactant hydrothermal liquefaction outputs on experimental work carried out in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On a global scale India holds fifth position in the production of Electrical energy. Being one of the largest producers of electricity there is still lot of imbalance between supply and demand of electrical energy. This ever increasing imbalance between the demand and the supply has created a chaos in the electrical retail market. Energy management is the process of controlling, monitoring and conservation energy in an organization or building. Energy management plays a vital role in saving energy in any organization. As the world progresses on the consumption of electrical energy, it is necessity to manage it-this global need affects legislation, energy prices, and emissions targets, all of which lead to several convincing reasons why one should save energy in organization specifically. Laboratories on regular use far more energy and watt per square foot than organization buildings and other facilities because their actions are energy-intensive, health and safety requirements are more severe. This paper presents three methodology namely repositioning, rewiring, and rescheduling in order to improve the energy efficiency of machine laboratory of electrical department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present world, waste management is challenge for society. Many countries are innovating new methods to address this issues. In the present paper the few practiced methods for waste management are reviewed and innovative recharging method for the urban city like Nagpur in Vidarbha region of Bharat is suggested. Here a small area of 5Km range is considered to plan for the waste into clean energy for public usage and also a proposal for empowering women through employment generation by this idea. This is a project of the people, by the people for the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]