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Research Summary: Over half a century after Merton's (1963) description of simultaneous discoveries "as a strategic research site" for social science, they are hardly ever studied. This paper illustrates the potential of this phenomenon as a research tool. First, I describe their vast theoretical potential for strategy and innovation research and review prior works on the topic. Second, I describe a new method that generates lists of recent simultaneous discoveries in science systematically and automatically using openly available sources. Third, I make the resulting dataset available for anyone to use. Managerial Summary: Despite much anecdotal evidence that different people can simultaneously come up with essentially the same creative idea, little attention has been given to this phenomenon. Yet, "idea twins" have a deep impact on creative workers, and can teach us a lot about strategy and innovation. In this paper, I describe their potential as a research tool and the types of questions they can help to answer. I also propose a method to "harvest" simultaneous discoveries in science and provide a dataset that includes thousands of examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the nuances of theory utilization in qualitative methodologies, discuss the different relationships that applied qualitative methodologies have with theory and use the foundational underpinnings of interpretive description to challenge strongly entrenched ideas of theory that have extended into applied qualitative nursing research. Design: Methodology discussion paper. Data sources: Narrative literature review and personal observations. Conclusion: Many qualitative research traditions have viewed the use of an explicit theoretical framework as an integral grounding for qualitative research studies. Much of the discussion of theory in extant qualitative methodological literature focuses on its use in the context of traditional methodologies such as ethnography, phenomenology and grounded theory, with less attention on methodological approaches developed for applied and practice disciplines such as nursing. Uncritical adoption of ideas about theory based on traditional qualitative methodological conventions can result in findings with little utility for application to the practice context. Impact: Nursing researchers should think critically about how theory is used in research endeavours geared towards applied practice and ensure that their methodological choices are in alignment with their philosophical and disciplinary epistemological positionings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives. The aim of this discursive paper is to explore the question 'has biological science reconciled mind and body?'. Background. This paper has been inspired by the recognition that bioscience has a historical reputation for privileging the body over the mind. The disregard for the mind (emotions and behaviour) cast bioscience within a 'mind-body problem' paradigm. It has also led to inherent limitations in its capacity to contribute to understanding the complex nature of health. Design. This is a discursive paper. Methods. Literature from the history and sociology of science and psychoneu-roimmunology (1975-2015) inform the arguments in this paper. The historical and sociological literature provides the basis for a socio-cultural debate on mind-body considerations in science since the 1970s. The psychoneuroimmunol-ogy literature draws on mind-body bioscientific theory as a way to demonstrate how science is reconciling mind and body and advancing its understanding of the interconnections between emotions, behaviour and health. Results. Using sociological and biological evidence, this paper demonstrates how bioscience is embracing and advancing its understanding of mind-body intercon-nectedness. It does this by demonstrating the emotional and behavioural alterations that are caused by two common phenomena; prolonged, chronic peripheral inflammation and prolonged psychological stress. The evidence and arguments provided has global currency that advances understanding of the inter-relationship between emotions, behaviour and health. Conclusions. This paper shows how bioscience has reconciled mind and body. In doing so, it has advanced an understanding of science's contribution to the interrelationship between emotions, behaviour and health. Relevance to clinical practice. The biological evidence supporting mind-body science has relevance to clinical practice for nurses and other healthcare professions. This paper discusses how this evidence can inform and enhance clinical practice directly and through research, education and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To discuss the implications of drawing on core nursing knowledge as theoretical scaffolding for qualitative nursing enquiry. Background Although nurse scholars have been using qualitative methods for decades, much of their methodological direction derives from conventional approaches developed for answering questions in the social sciences. The quality of available knowledge to inform practice can be enhanced through the selection of study design options informed by an appreciation for the nature of nursing knowledge. Design Discussion paper. Data sources Drawing on the body of extant literature dealing with nursing's theoretical and qualitative research traditions, we consider contextual factors that have shaped the application of qualitative research approaches in nursing, including prior attempts to align method with the structure and form of disciplinary knowledge. On this basis, we critically reflect on design considerations that would follow logically from core features associated with a nursing epistemology. Implications for nursing The substantive knowledge used by nurses to inform their practice includes both aspects developed at the level of the general and also that which pertains to application in the unique context of the particular. It must be contextually relevant to a fluid and dynamic healthcare environment and adaptable to distinctive patient conditions. Finally, it must align with nursing's moral mandate and action imperative. Conclusion Qualitative research design components informed by nursing's disciplinary epistemology will help ensure a logical line of reasoning in our enquiries that remains true to the nature and structure of practice knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore the context and culture of nursing surveillance on an acute care ward. Background: Prevention of patient deterioration is primarily a nursing responsibility in hospital. Registered nurses make judgements and act on emerging threats to patient safety through a process of nursing surveillance. Organisational factors that weaken nursing surveillance capacity on general wards increase the need for patient rescue at the end point of clinical deterioration with poorer outcomes. Yet little is known about cultures that enable and sustain ward nursing surveillance for patient safety. Design: Workplace observations and semistructured interviews using a critical lens as the first stage of a larger emancipatory practice development project. Methods: Researcher immersion including 96 hr of nonparticipant observation with 12 semistructured interviews during July–August 2017. This study adhered to the COREQ guidelines. Results: We offer a metaphor of nursing surveillance as the threads that support the very fabric of acute care nursing work. These hidden threads enable nurses to weave the tapestry of care that keeps patients safe. This tapestry is vulnerable to internal and external forces, which weaken the structure, putting patients and staff at risk. Conclusion: Understanding local context is essential to supporting practice change. This workplace observation challenges us to find ways to creatively engage nurses with the underlying cultural and systems issues that so often remain hidden from view in the deteriorating patient literature. Relevance to clinical practice: Building cultural values that strengthen nursing surveillance is a prerequisite for safe and effective hospital care. As such, practice‐based research that empowers frontline nurses and teams to develop person‐centred workplace cultures can hold the key to unlocking sustainable improvements in patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID-19 parallels HIV in many ways. Socio-behavioural science has been critical in elucidating the context and factors surrounding individual levels of engagement with known effective prevention and treatment tools for HIV, thus offering important lessons for ongoing efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: Non-adherence to effective disease mitigation strategies (e.g. condoms for HIV and masks for COVID-19) can be attributed in part to prioritizing comfort, convenience and individual autonomy over public health. Importantly misinformation can fuel denialism and conspiracies that discredit scientific knowledge and motivate nonadherence. These preferences and the extent to which individuals can act on their preferences may be constrained by the structures and culture in which they live. Both HIV and COVID-19 have been politicized and influenced by evolving recommendations from scientists, clinicians, policymakers and politically motivated organizations. While vaccines are vital for ending both pandemics, their impact will depend on availability and uptake. Four decades of experience with the HIV epidemic have shown that information alone is insufficient to overcome these challenges; interventions must address the underlying, often complex factors that influence human behaviour. This article builds from socio-behavioural science theory and describes practical and successful approaches to enable and support adherence to prevention and treatment strategies, including vaccine adoption. Key methods include reframing tools to enhance motivation, promoting centralized sources of trusted information, strategic development and messaging with and within key populations (e.g. through social media) and appealing to self-empowerment, altruism and informed decision making. Orchestrated evidence-based activism is needed to overcome manipulative politicization, while consistent transparent messaging around scientific discoveries and clinical recommendations are critical for public acceptance and support. Ultimately the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines will depend on our ability to engender trust in the communities most affected. Conclusions: Many lessons learned from socio-behavioural science in the HIV pandemic are applicable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual behaviour must be understood within its interpersonal and societal context to address the current barriers to adherence to disease-mitigating strategies and promote an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which is likely to be endured for the foreseeable future. Keywords: HIV; COVID-19; social science; behavioural science; public health; vaccine, 1 | INTRODUCTION Effectively combating the COVID-19 pandemic requires an arsenal of biomedical prevention and treatment interventions. In concert with these approaches, non-pharmacologic mitigation strategies will necessitate changes in human [...]