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Electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction (CORR) is effective in achieving renewable synthesis of valuable C2+ species from CO. However, the production of C2+ species is challenged by low activity and selectivity. Here, the surface of the atomically dispersed Cu–Au alloy is functionalized with aromatic heterocycle, thiadiazole derivate (N2SN), to enhance the conversion of CO into C2+ species with acetate as the main product. The N2SN functional groups with electron withdrawing property can alternate the oxidization state of copper, as confirmed by XPS and XAS, thus orienting the CORR pathway to the formation of C2+/acetate. In situ Raman reveals that the N2SN treated sample exhibits stronger signal of *CO intermediate for further dimerization and the C–C–O intermediate relates to acetate formation. Theoretical calculation demonstrates the N2SN molecule doping contributes to lowered energy barrier for C–C coupling, improved activity and selectivity to CORR, and suppressed hydrogen evolution reaction. High Faradaic efficiency (FEC2+, 89%), partial current density (jC2+, 397 mA cm−2), and energy efficiency for C2+ species (EEC2+, 24%) and total current density (jtotal, up to 1000 mA cm−2) are achieved in membrane electrode assembly (MEA), surpassing most of the reported catalysts for total C2+ products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale Aims & Objectives Method Results & Conclusion In Terms of Specific Infections College students represent a unique demographic group as they are adults no longer under direct parental care, yet often lack the institutional health support available to more established members of society, which can lead to their health needs being neglected, despite their substantial contributions to blood donation. The objective of this study is to shed light on the health status of college students in Hefei, with a specific focus on transfusion‐transmitted diseases. Based on the detailed data analysis, the implementation of some constructive strategies will play a good warning role in improving clinical blood safety and promoting better health monitoring of this population in the future.The study aims to achieve two main objectives: On the one hand, to deepen our understanding of college students' participation in blood donation activities. On the other hand, to propose effective strategies for increasing youth involvement. Additionally, such research aims to afford recommendations for ensuring the safety of clinical blood supplies. Although the strategies and suggestions presented are speculative, they are grounded in the logical analysis of data and relevant theoretical frameworks. Therefore, these recommendations serve as a basis for potential future testing and implementation.The evaluation process for blood samples at the Hefei Blood Bank involves thorough serological testing for hepatitis B and C, HIV, and Treponema pallidum using both Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT). HIV reactive samples were further confirmed using Western Blot techniques at an external specialized laboratory. To ensure accuracy, each sample was tested with reagents from two different manufacturers. Moreover, any initially reactive sample was retested with the same reagent to eliminate potential false positives. In cases of conflicting results, alternative reagent kits are utilized for further confirmatory tests. Only samples that consistently show reactive results in consecutive tests are considered positive confirmation samples.Upon analysis of the data set, it was found that out of the total 663,105 donors, 177,089 (26.7%) were identified as college students, with the remaining 486,016 categorized as noncollege students. Our study demonstrated a notably lower prevalence of blood‐transmitted infections among college students (0.48%) in contrast to the wider donor population (1.23%), underscoring their potential as safe blood donors. To uphold this level of safety and protect public health, it is crucial to increase disease prevention awareness and advocate for responsible donation practices within this specific demographic. Strengthening confidentiality protocols and expanding education on safe sexual behaviors in university settings are vital actions to cultivate an environment that promotes informed and secure blood donation. The overall group had prevalence rates of 0.44% for hepatitis B, 0.15% for hepatitis C, 0.02% for HIV, and 0.42% for Treponema pallidum. When focusing on the student cohort, the prevalence rates were 0.17% for hepatitis B, 0.04% for hepatitis C, 0.02% for HIV, and 0.23% for Treponema pallidum. Transmissibility through blood transfusion All donors (%) Students (%) Non‐students (%) Any infection 1.23 0.48 1.51 HbsAg 0.44 0.17 0.54 Anti‐HCV 0.15 0.04 0.19 HIV Ag/Ab 0.02 0.02 0.02 Anti‐TP 0.42 0.23 0.49 The overall group had prevalence rates of 0.44% for hepatitis B, 0.15% for hepatitis C, 0.02% for HIV, and 0.42% for Treponema pallidum.When focusing on the student cohort, the prevalence rates were 0.17% for hepatitis B, 0.04% for hepatitis C, 0.02% for HIV, and 0.23% for Treponema pallidum.Individuals with two or more infectious agents occur more than once in all categories. While it leads to numerical over‐representation, such overlap is minimal and statistically insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Soymilk is a high‐quality source of protein and minerals, such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). However, phytic acid in soymilk restricts mineral and protein availability. We here investigated the effects of removing phytic acid on the physicochemical properties, mineral (Ca, Fe, and Zn) bioaccessibility, and protein digestibility of soymilk. RESULTS: Physicochemical property analysis revealed that the removal of phytic acid reduced protein accumulation at the gastric stage, thereby facilitating soymilk matrix digestion. The removal of phytic acid significantly increased Zn bioaccessibility by 18.19% in low‐protein soymilk and Ca and Fe bioaccessibility by 31.20% and 30.03%, respectively, in high‐protein soymilk. CONCLUSION: Removing phytic acid was beneficial for the hydrolysis of high‐molecular‐weight proteins and increased the soluble protein content in soymilk, which was conducive to protein digestion. This study offers a feasible guide for developing plant‐based milk with high nutrient bioaccessibility. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colloidosome, as a kind of Pickering microcapsule, offers a highly functionalizable approach for encapsulation, but current studies mainly focus on shells that lack real‐time modulated permeability. Herein, a scalable spray drying method was employed to fabricate temperature/near‐infrared (NIR)/magnetic multi‐stimuli responsive colloidosomes with adjustable permeability, facilitating intelligent transmembrane transport of molecules. The colloidosomes assembled with SiO2/polydopamine/poly (N‐isopropyl acrylamide) nanoparticles can be heated from 25°C to 50°C within 5 min upon NIR exposure. The permeability of shells regulated by temperature and NIR allows for real‐time remote control. Yeast cells, as an example, are encapsulated within colloidosomes. The decomposition rate of H2O2 varies with temperature (25–45°C) and NIR intensity (0.5–1 W cm−2), which can attain a more than sixfold increase in the rate constant of pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. Furthermore, the strategy was expanded by encapsulating doxorubicin/UiO‐66 particles, highlighting its great potential in realms of multi‐stimuli responsive colloidosomes applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journey to crime describes the spatial patterns of offenders from their residential area to the crime location. When compared to other research topics regarding urban crime, there is still a lack of research on journey to crime, especially in China, as a result of which the behavioural motivation of offenders cannot be comprehensively examined. Four typical types of crimes committed against property (pickpocketing, robbery, theft and burglary) were investigated in the Nanguan District of Changchun from 2010 to 2016. The results showed significant effects of the demographic characteristics of offenders and spatiotemporal factors on the journey to crime. In terms of the place of household registration, offenders from the central urban districts of Changchun tend to commit short‐distance local robbery, whereas those from the suburban counties tend to commit long‐distance non‐local crimes. With increasing population density, the proportion of local plunders increases directly. This study aims to encourage urban managers to rethink the governance of floating populations, and assist police in strengthening social security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lung cancer (LC) and breast cancer (BC) are the most common causes of brain metastases (BMs). Time from primary diagnosis to BM (TPDBM) refers to the time interval between initial LC or BC diagnosis and development of BM. This research aims to identify clinical, molecular, and therapeutic risk factors associated with shorter TPDBM. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all diagnosed LC and BC patients with BM at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from 2016 to 2020. A total of 570 patients with LC brain metastasis (LCBM) and 173 patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for further analysis. BM free survival time curves were generated using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to identify risk factors associated with earlier development of BM in LC and BC, respectively. Results: The median TPDBM was 5.3 months in LC and 44.4 months in BC. In multivariate analysis, clinical stage IV and M1 stage were independent risk factors for early development of LCBM. LC patients who received chemotherapy, targeted therapy, pulmonary radiotherapy, and pulmonary surgery had longer TPDBM. For BC patients, age ≥ 50 years, Ki67 ≥ 0.3, HER2 positive or triple‐negative breast cancer subtype, advanced N stage, and no mastectomy were correlated with shorter TPDBM. Conclusions: This single‐institutional study helps identify patients who have a high risk of developing BM early. For these patients, early detection and intervention could have clinical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) materials, as promising nanomaterials, have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their excellent performance in the field of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The four core effects of HEAs, including the high‐entropy effect, severe lattice distortion effect, sluggish diffusion effect, and cocktail effect, are pivotal in underpinning their remarkable mechanical and thermodynamic properties. Nevertheless, the intricate geometric and electronic structures of HEAs make their catalytic mechanisms exceptionally complex and challenging to decipher. In particular, a thorough analysis of the underlying factors responsible for the outstanding catalytic activity, selectivity, and the ability to maintain stable hydrogen production, even at high current densities, in HEAs is lacking. To provide a systematic exploration of the design and application of HEAs in HER systems, this review commences with an examination of the physicochemical properties of HEAs. It covers a wide range of topics, including the synthesis methods of HEAs, and the major reaction mechanisms of HERs, and presents innovative methods and approaches for designing HEAs specifically in the context of HERs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitric oxide (NO) exhibits both pro‐ and anti‐tumor effects. Therefore, real‐time in vivo imaging and quantification of tumor NO dynamics are essential for understanding the conflicting roles of NO played in pathophysiology. The current molecular probes, however, cannot provide high‐resolution imaging in deep tissues, making them unsuitable for these purposes. Herein, we designed a photoacoustic probe with an absorption maximum beyond 1000 nm for high spatial quantitative imaging of in vivo tumor NO dynamics. The probe exhibits remarkable sensitivity, selective ratiometric response behavior, and good tumor‐targeting abilities, facilitating ratiometric imaging of tumor NO throughout tumor progression in a micron‐resolution level. Using the probe as the imaging agent, we successfully quantified NO dynamics in tumor, liver and kidney. We have pinpointed an essential concentration threshold of around 80 nmol/cm3 for NO, which plays a crucial role in the "double‐edged‐sword" function of NO in tumors. Furthermore, we revealed a reciprocal relationship between the NO concentration in tumors and that in the liver, providing initial insights into the possible NO‐mediated communication between tumor and the liver. We believe that the probe will help resolve conflicting aspects of NO biology and guide the design of imaging agents for tumor diagnosis and anti‐cancer drug screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work focuses on the optimization of management strategies of energy supply chain in oil–gas enterprises to find out the optimal management strategy and overcome the fragility of the traditional energy supply system. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) is applied to energy supply predicting and energy security early warning in oil–gas enterprises, and the security early warning system is designed based on the auxiliary cognitive system. The security early warning system is used to predict the peak value of oil and gas supply, and then the detection performances and the data security transmission performances of different models are compared and analysed. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation model for security management of oil–gas supply chain based on the neural network is established. It is found that compared with convolutional neural network (CNNs), the improved BPNN model algorithm proposed shows increased accuracy by 5.4%, reduced model training time and test time, and improved accuracy and recall rate. The accuracy, recall rate, and F1 value of the proposed model are 88.48%, 75.88%, and 96.21%, respectively, which were obviously higher than those of the CNN. It suggests that the improved security management model of oil–gas supply chain shows better recognition and prediction accuracy. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis results, the optimization suggestions for management strategies in oil–gas enterprises are put forward, which is of strategic significance for improving the security of oil–gas supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) is an essential event in alveolar bone regeneration. Oxidative stress may be the main inhibiting factor of hPDLSC osteogenesis. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a key antioxidant enzyme, but its effect on hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation is unclear. Methods: Several surface markers were detected by flow cytometry, and the differentiation potential of hPDLSCs was validated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red S, and Oil Red O staining. Osteogenic indicators of hPDLSCs were detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), Western blotting, and ALP staining. Furthermore, alveolar bone defect rat models were analyzed through micro‐CT, hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was evaluated by a ROS assay kit. Finally, the expression of SOD2, Smad3, and p‐Smad3 in hPDLSCs was detected by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting (WB). Results: SOD2 positively regulated the gene and protein expressions of ALP, BMP6, and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs (p < 0.05). Ideal bone formation and continuous cortical bone were obtained by transplanting LV‐SOD2 hPDLSCs (lentivirus vector for overexpressing SOD2 in hPDLSCs) in vivo. Exogenous H2O2 downregulated osteogenic indicators (ALP, BMP6, RUNX2) in hPDLSCs (p < 0.05); this was reversed by overexpression of SOD2. WB results showed that the Smad3 and p‐Smad3 signaling pathways participated in the osteogenic process of SOD2 in hPDLSCs. Conclusion: SOD2 positively regulated hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SOD2 promotes hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation by regulating the phosphorylation of Smad3 to scavenge ROS. This work provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of alveolar bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigates the impact of pension on depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults. Additional effort is made to test the mediating effect of multidimensional downward intergenerational support and the moderating effect of age on this relationship. Methods: A total of 1828 Chinese older community‐dwellers who met our inclusion criteria are drawn from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Multivariate regression modeling is applied to analyze the effect of pensions on depressive symptoms of older adults. Additionally, bootstrap method with resampling strategies is used to estimate the mediating effect of three dimensions of downward intergenerational support (instrumental, emotional, and financial support). Further, Johnson‐Neyman technique is employed to analysis and visualize the moderating effect of age. Results: The findings reveal a significant inverse relationship between pension levels and depressive symptoms (B = −6.664, SE = 2.826, p < 0.05). The analysis shows that downward intergenerational emotional support (B = −0.195, Boot SE = 0.103, 95% Boot CI [−0.404, −0.003]) serves as a partial mediator in this relationship. Furthermore, the results highlight the moderating role of age in the linkage between pension and depressive symptoms (B = 0.065, SE = 0.039, p < 0.1). Discussion: This investigation is pioneering in simultaneously assessing the mediating role of multidimensional downward intergenerational support and the moderating effect of age in the context of pension and depressive symptoms. The study underscores the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach in devising comprehensive intervention strategies. These should encompass pension policy consultation, respite services, and other crucial elements aimed at mitigating the severity or reducing the risk of depressive symptoms among the older adults. Key points: We discovered a moderating effect of age on the relationship between pension benefits and depressive symptoms in older adults, and further elucidated this effect using the Johnson‐Neyman method.Concurrently, we employed bootstrapping methods to validate the mediating effect of downward intergenerational support between pension benefits and depressive symptoms in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of lasing materials with weak pile‐up effect from triplet excitons, low lasing threshold, and long operational lifetime is much significant for truly continuous wave operation and electrically pumping organic lasers. However, most of organic gain media has been verified to have extreme quenching effect from triplet excitons due to its wide‐band distribution of triplet absorption spectrum. Here, it is found that the phenanthroimidazole derivatives as gain media have congenital advantages on handling triplet's issues. A very low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold of 0.56 µJ cm−2 and a long operational lifetime of 5.77 × 105 pump pulses in air atmosphere are well obtained. When increasing the pump repetition frequency from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, the operational lifetimes of the thin films have small reduction. Under a high pump repetition frequency of 200 kHz, which is quasi‐continuous wave operational regime, the PI2PhDPO thin film exhibits very low ASE threshold of 0.78 µJ cm−2 due to the tiny overlap between triplet absorption and ASE spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon–based materials are among the highly promising anode candidates for Li–ion batteries owing to their excellent theoretical energy density. However, the huge volume variation makes the application of silicon anode in lithium–ion batteries be full of challenge. Herein, high–performance Si@C@rGO composites anode for lithium–ion batteries are successfully prepared by graphene oxide (GO) uniformly encapsulating resorcinol–formaldehyde resin (RF) coated silicon nanoparticles. The RF‐derived carbon layer can prevent the silicon from direct contact with the electrolyte. Furthermore, the continuous conductive graphene network not only improves the overall electrical conductivity of the composite material, but also can be reversibly deformed with the volume change of silicon during the charging and discharging process, thus greatly improving the structural stability of the anode. The optimal Si@C@rGO‐2 composite provides a high specific capacity of 743.9 mAh g−−1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. Meanwhile, the material also exhibits good rate performance, showing a good reversible capacity of 719.5 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 2 A g−1. In addition, this simple and low‐cost strategy of Si@C@rGO anode can provide a design reference for the further development of anode materials in lithium–ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiologic surveys have indicated that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for diabetes, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Andrographolide, an herb traditionally utilized in medicine, provides anti‐inflammatory benefits for various diseases. In the present work, 265 patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) were investigated, and male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to cigareete smoke (CS) and/or to intraperitoneally injected andrographolide for 3 months. To elucidate the mechanism of CS‐induced hyperglycemia and the protective mechanism of andrographolide, MIN6 cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and/or to andrographolide. Our data from 265 patients with T2D showed that urinary creatinine and serum inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α)) increased with smoking pack‐years. In a mouse model, CS induced hyperglycemia, decreased insulin secretion, and elevated inflammation and pyroptosis in β‐cells of mice. Treatment of mice with andrographolide preserved pancreatic function by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines; the expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1, IL‐1β; and the N‐terminal of gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein. For MIN6 cells, CSE caused increasing secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐1β, and the expression of TXNIP and pyroptosis‐related proteins; however, andrographolide alleviated these changes. Furthermore, silencing of TXNIP showed that the blocking effect of andrographolide may be mediated by TXNIP. In sum, our results indicate that CS induces hyperglycemia through TXNIP‐NLRP3‐GSDMD axis‐mediated inflammation and pyroptosis of islet β‐cells and that andrographolide is a potential therapeutic agent for CS‐induced hyperglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proliferation, metabolism, tumor occurrence and development in gliomas are greatly influenced by RNA modifications. However, no research has integrated the four RNA methylation regulators of m6A, m1A, m5C and m7G in gliomas to analyze their relationship with glioma prognosis and intratumoral heterogeneity. Methods: Based on three in‐house single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data, the glioma heterogeneity and characteristics of m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G‐related regulators were elucidated. Based on publicly available bulk RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) data, a risk‐score system for predicting the overall survival (OS) for gliomas was established by three machine learning methods and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and validated in an independent cohort. Results: Seven cell types were identified in gliomas by three scRNA‐seq data, and 22 m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G‐related regulators among the marker genes of different cell subtypes were discovered. Three m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G‐related regulators were selected to construct prognostic risk‐score model, including EIFA, NSUN6 and TET1. The high‐risk patients showed higher immune checkpoint expression, higher tumor microenvironment scores, as well as higher tumor mutation burden and poorer prognosis compared with low‐risk patients. Additionally, the area under the curve values of the risk score and nomogram were 0.833 and 0.922 for 3 year survival and 0.759 and 0.885 for 5 year survival for gliomas. EIF3A was significantly highly expressed in glioma tissues in our in‐house RNA‐sequencing data (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings may contribute to further understanding of the role of m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G‐related regulators in gliomas, and provide novel and reliable biomarkers for gliomas prognosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Hot exciton" molecules that allow the transition of excitons from a high‐lying triplet state (Tn, n≥ 2) to singlet states (Sm, m≥1) by a reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) process have become an effective strategy to achieve high efficiency fluorescence organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the understanding of the dynamic behavior of the "hot exciton" process is still very lacking. Herein, the exciton dynamics of an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecule TPA‐An‐mPhCz with the "hot exciton" property are deeply investigated, and the proportion between hRISC and internal inversion (IC) of excitons on Tn is successfully quantified by in situ transient electroluminescent measurements and theoretical calculation. It is found that the IC process increases severe energy loss of Tn excitons. By introducing a triplet–triplet annihilation up‐conversion layer in the emissive layer to efficiently recapture the IC excitons and further doping a blue fluorescent emitter in the TPA‐An‐mPhCz layer to achieve high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), the resulting OLED achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.5% with negligible efficiency roll‐off. More impressively, the operational lifetime LT75 (lifetime to 75% of the initial luminance) of the device with efficient triplets utilization performs a remarkable 116 h under 1000 cd m−2. This work provides the fundamentals for the design of hot exciton materials with efficient exciton utilization to develop efficient blue fluorescence OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of swap spreads in China cannot be explained by commonly recognized factors documented in the literature. A unique feature of China's financial system is that commercial banks are not only long‐term loan providers but also dominant bond investors. Thus, the loan prime rate (LPR) is an opportunity cost for commercial banks' bond holdings. However, the LPR is largely determined by the central bank and often deviates significantly from equilibrium. In contrast, the swap rate is largely determined by the market. Our illustrative model and empirical evidence show that the LPR and funding availability affect bond yields more than swap rates, while volatility in the money market interest rate affects swap rates more than bond yields. Therefore, the swap spread is largely driven by the monetary policy. We also show that swap spreads can be a predictor of excess returns on bonds but not swaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are emerging electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters with unique molecule‐like electronic structures, high abundance, and low cost. However, the synthesis of CuNCs with high ECL efficiency and stability in a scalable manner remains challenging. Here, we report a facile gram‐scale approach for preparing self‐assembled CuNCs (CuNCsAssy) induced by ligands with exceptionally boosted anodic ECL and stability. Compared to the disordered aggregates that are inactive in ECL, the CuNCsAssy shows a record anodic ECL efficiency for CuNCs (10 %, wavelength‐corrected, relative to Ru(bpy)3Cl2/tripropylamine). Mechanism studies revealed the unusual dual functions of ligands in simultaneously facilitating electrochemical excitation and radiative transition. Moreover, the assembly addressed the limitation of poor stability of conventional CuNCs. As a proof of concept, an ECL biosensor for alkaline phosphatase detection was successfully constructed with an ultralow limit of detection of 8.1×10−6 U/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalysts are crucial to drive the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) which lower the energy barrier, tune the intricate reaction pathways and suppress competitive side‐reaction. Beyond the efficient active sites and advantageous local environment, a rapid mass transfer ability is also crucial for the catalyst design. However, it is rare that research has been done to investigate in detail the mass transfer process in CO2RR, and expose the underlying relationship between mass transfer and final performance. Here, a single‐atom Fe‐N‐C catalyst is shown with a highly ordered porous substrate containing hierarchical micropores, mesopores, and macropores. Such a delicate porous structure significantly facilitates the mass transfer process toward the isolated Fe sites, achieving excellent CO2RR performance, especially in the limited mass transfer region in a H‐cell with a maximum CO partial current density of ‐19 mA cm−2. Operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and relevant distributed relaxation times analysis reveal the rapidly decreased mass transfer resistance with the increase of reduction potential. The Lattice Boltzmann method with Discrete Element method (LBM‐DEM) simulations are further performed to exhibit the origin of enhanced CO2RR performance from the facilitated gas diffusion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe a novel method of medial fixation of titanium mesh with a right‐angled screwdriver for orbital floor and maxillary reconstruction and to compare the reconstruction outcome of orbital floor reconstruction with modified and traditional methods. Methods: The data of 23 patients who underwent maxillectomy and orbital floor defect reconstruction by individualized titanium mesh in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between 2018 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. While eight patients received modified orbital floor reconstruction with titanium mesh and angled screwdriver (group A), 15 patients received traditional orbital floor reconstruction (group B). The contact area with buccal flap for titanium mesh in groups A and B was calculated. Titanium mesh deformation, fracture or exposure was recorded. Postoperative ophthalmic function and success of esthetic restoration were assessed. Results: Mean follow‐up was for 15.7 months (range, 9–22 months). The contact area with buccal flap for the modified titanium mesh in group A (13.11 ± 1.41 cm2) was significantly less than that of the traditional titanium mesh in group B (21.83 ± 1.23 cm2; p <.05). The exposure of titanium mesh occurred in two patients in group B. The self‐evaluation of facial symmetry for 23 patients showed no significant difference between group A (7.75 ± 0.71) and group B (6.68 ± 1.30; p >.05). No specific complications were reported. Conclusion: We propose a novel method of zygomatic medial fixation of titanium mesh with a right‐angled screwdriver for orbital floor and maxillary reconstruction, which has the potential to prevent the postoperative exposure of titanium mesh. Level of Evidence: Level III (Retrospective comparative study). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chicken gut meal (CGM) is reasonably priced and rich in nutrients and can become a new source of protein in the diets of major aquatic products, such as fish and shrimp. Methods: An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to comprehensively investigate the beneficial effects of CGM on juvenile Fat Greenling Hexagrammos otakii. Juveniles (1.58 ± 0.06 g [mean ± SE]) were fed with different levels of CGM in replacement of fish meal (FM) in the basal diet: 0% (CGM0), 25% (CGM25), 50% (CGM50), 75% (CGM75), and 100% (CGM100) replacement, representing a dietary CGM level of up to 40 g/kg. Result: The results showed that the percent weight gain; specific growth rate; feeding rate; feed conversion ratio; hepatosomatic index; and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, and lipid were significantly improved among the experimental groups. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased in the CGM25 and CGM50 groups, respectively. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the CGM75 and CGM100 groups. Triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly increased in the CGM50 and CGM75 groups, respectively. Fish in the CGM100 and CGM75 groups had significantly higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than the control. Moreover, the relative expression levels of the fatty acid synthase and acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase alpha genes were significantly increased in the CGM75 and CGM100 groups, while the gene expression levels of hormone‐sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha were significantly decreased. Conclusion: In summary, the optimal replacement level of FM with CGM was shown by curve equation analysis to be 61.30%, and their dosages were 24.52 and 15.48 g/kg, respectively. Impact statementChicken gut meal, a major terrestrial animal protein source that is rich in high levels of proteins and lipids, can be used as a good substitute for fish meal in fish diets. The price of chicken gut meal is much lower than fish meal, reducing costs. Also, the reduction of fish meal use can restore the diversity and stability of marine fish stocks. Therefore, the use of chicken meal is important for people's health and well‐being as well as the sustainable development of marine fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Low‐grade inflammation, a common feature of both diabetes and periodontitis, partly accounts for the complexity and refractoriness of diabetes‐associated periodontitis. Adiponectin (APN), the most abundant adipokine in human blood, has been widely reported to have anti‐inflammatory functions. Herein, we investigated the ability of an APN receptor agonist, AdipoAI, to alleviate diabetes‐associated periodontitis. Furthermore, we revealed the possible mechanism underlying its anti‐inflammatory effects. Experimental Approach: The maxillary first molar of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats was ligated to construct a diabetes‐associated periodontitis model, and rats were administered AdipoAI by gavage. We examined diabetes‐related indexes, pathological changes in insulin target organs, alveolar bone resorption and systemic and local inflammation. In vitro, transwell assays were used to evaluate monocyte/macrophage migration induced by human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) with/without AdipoAI treatment. Additionally, we examined chemokine expression levels in hGFs and hGF‐induced monocyte/macrophage migration upon siRNA knockdown of Adiponectin receptor expression. Expression of Adipo1/Adipo2 receptors and inflammation‐related signalling pathways were examined by IHC and WB, followed by confirmation with an NF‐κB P65 inhibitor (BAY 11‐7082). Key Results: AdipoAI lowered fasting blood glucose and serum insulin in ZDF rats and alleviated inflammation in insulin target tissues. Locally, AdipoAI reduced alveolar bone absorption and gingival inflammation. Mechanistically, AdipoAI inhibited hGF‐induced monocyte/macrophage migration by reducing CCL2 secretion. In hGFs, AdipoAI attenuated LPS‐induced activation of NF‐κB P65 and CCL2 expression, which was dependent on the Adipo receptor 1. Conclusion and Implications: AdipoAI, with its ability to alleviate inflammatory damage in tissues, is a candidate for diabetes‐associated periodontitis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials are attractive for the fabrication of high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) owing to the "hot exciton" process by reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) and high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY). However, the internal conversion (IC) from the high‐lying triplet excitation states (Tn, n≥2) to the lower excited triplet state (Tn‐1) is inevitable, resulting in severe exciton losses. Herein, an effective device structure is designed that reuses the lost triplet excitons caused by IC and realizes the breakthrough in the efficiency of blue fluorescence OLEDs based on AIE molecule as an emitter. The maximum external quantum efficiency reached as high as 14.8% and is kept at 14.4% at the luminance of 1000 cd m−2. In the designed device, a triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) up‐conversion material 1‐[2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐(1‐pyrenyl)phenyl]pyrene (DMPPP) is introduced into the AIE emitter as a triplet sensitizer to receive the lost triplet excitons, and a thin TTA up‐conversion layer 9‐[4‐(10‐phenyl‐9‐anthryl)phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole (CzPA) is introduced in the middle of the doped layer to form the emissive layer (EML). It is found that the hRISC process of iTPB‐2AC greatly enhances the utilization efficiency of TTA intermediate state ([TT]*) excitons on CzPA to iTPB‐2AC so that the utilization of the lost excitons is maximized. This work establishes physical insights into the AIE emission materials and device fabrication of high‐efficiency blue fluorescence OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neurotoxicity of 2,2',4,4'‐tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE‐47) is closely linked to mitochondrial abnormalities while mitophagy is vital for mitochondrial homeostasis. However, whether PBDE‐47 disrupts mitophagy contributing to impaired neurodevelopment remain elusive. Here, this study showed that neonatal PBDE‐47 exposure caused learning and memory deficits in adult rats, accompanied with striatal mitochondrial abnormalities, neuronal apoptosis and the resultant neuronal loss. Mechanistically, PBDE‐47 suppressed PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy induction and degradation, inducing mitophagosome accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, stimulation of mitophagy by adenovirus‐mediated Parkin or Autophagy‐related protein 7 (Atg7) overexpression aggravated PBDE‐47‐induced mitophagosome accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis and death. Conversely, suppression of mitophagy by the siRNA knockdown of Atg7 rescued PBDE‐47‐induced detrimental consequences. Importantly, melatonin, a hormone secreted rhythmically by the pineal, improved PBDE‐47‐caused neurotoxicity via preventing neuronal apoptosis and loss by restoring mitophagic activity and mitochondrial function. These neuroprotective effects of melatonin depended on activation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Unc‐51‐like kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling. Collectively, these data indicate that PBDE‐47 impairs mitophagy to perturb mitochondrial homeostasis, thus triggering apoptosis, leading to neuronal loss and consequent neurobehavioral deficits. Manipulation of the AMPK‐mitophagy axis via melatonin could be a novel therapeutic strategy against developmental PBDE‐47 neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children from single‐parent families are at risk for problems related to social–emotional development (SED). This study investigated the associations between familial care types and single‐parent children's SED, and the possible pathways through the mediation of parent–child relationship. This study analysed 431 single‐parent children (50.0% girls) drawn from a local database with a total of 2507 children studying in Grades 4 to 8. We compared the SED of single‐parent children in multigenerational care and those in parental care. We then tested the possible mediating effect of parent–child relationship between familial care types and children's SED. The study found that there were no deficits in the SED of single‐parent children in multigenerational care compared with those in parental care. Multigenerational care had no direct relationship with the SED of single‐parent children after the mediator of the parent–child relationship was entered. The parent–child relationship mediated the associations between familial care types and four dimensions of the single‐parent children's SED. These findings provided support for multigenerational and parental care, and also directions for family care strategies and developing social service programmes to promote the SED of single‐parent children in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore whether MRI‐visible enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) are associated with migraine and may serve as a predictor of migraine. Then further explore its correlation with migraine chronification. Methods: A total of 231 participants (healthy control [HC] = 57, episodic migraine [EM] = 59, chronic migraine [CM] = 115) were included in this case–control study. A 3T MRI device and the validated visual rating scale were used to assess the grades of EPVS in centrum semiovale (CSO), midbrain (MB), and basal ganglia (BG). Comparisons between the two groups were made using the chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests to initially determine whether high‐grade EPVS were associated with migraine and migraine chronification. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to further investigate the role of high‐grade EPVS in migraine. Results: The prevalence of high‐grade EPVS in CSO and MB were significantly higher in patients with migraine than in HCs (CSO: 64.94% vs. 42.11%, P = 0.002; MB: 55.75% vs. 29.82%, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed no statistical difference between patients with EM and CM (CSO: 69.94% vs. 62.61%, P = 0.368; MB: 50.85% vs. 58.26%, P = 0.351). Individuals with high‐grade EPVS in CSO (odds ratio [OR]: 2.324; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.136–4.754; P = 0.021) and MB (OR: 3.261; 95% CI: 1.534–6.935; P = 0.002) were more likely to suffer from migraine. Interpretation: This case–control study showed that high‐grade EPVS in CSO and MB in clinical practice with the underlying mechanism of dysfunction of the glymphatic system could be a predictor of migraine, but no significant correlation had been found with migraine chronification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness interventions on nurses' levels of depression and anxiety. Design: Meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Methods: The following Chinese and English databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI). The retrieval period was from database construction to 30 March 2022. Two researchers screened the relevant literature and extracted the data. After a cross‐check, data were input into Stata version 16.0 for meta‐analysis. Results: Twelve randomised controlled trials from 2017 to 2021 were included, which involved 807 subjects (405 and 402 in the intervention and control groups, respectively). Meta‐analysis results showed that nurses' anxiety reduced by mindfulness‐based interventions was significantly higher compared to that of the control group (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.27–1.55, p < 0.05). Furthermore, an 8‐week mindfulness‐based intervention (SMD = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.61–2.24) reduced the level of anxiety significantly more compared to a 4‐week intervention (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.36–1.71). Mindfulness‐based interventions were better compared to conventional intervention to reduce the level of depression (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.42–1.61, p < 0.05), and an 8‐week mindfulness intervention (SMD = 1.81, 95% CI: 0.78–2.84) reduced the level of depression significantly more compared to a 4‐week intervention (SMD = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.29–1.35). Since limited studies had interventions longer than 8 weeks, results on longer mindfulness interventions in reducing nurses' anxiety and depression are inconclusive. In conclusion, mindfulness intervention for 8 weeks or less can significantly reduce nurses' anxiety and depression levels. Patient or Public Contribution: None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complete three‐dimensional (3‐D) movements of slow‐moving landslides are critical to enhancing the understanding of the landslide mechanism. Multi‐source synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations provide an opportunity to derive 3‐D movements. However, deriving the complete 3‐D movements faces potential challenges of incoherent phases and an ill‐posed inverse problem, which may result in incomplete and inaccurate results, especially for slopes facing north/south. Here, we propose a topography‐constrained strain model, which exploits the spatial relationship of 3‐D deformations between neighboring points as well as the assumption of the surface parallel flow of landslide, to derive complete 3‐D movements. Both synthetic and real datasets over the north‐south Xinpu landslide complex are utilized, to assess if the implemented method can overcome the ill‐posed condition and retrieve the complete 3‐D movement field. With the multi‐source SAR datasets, the performance of various datasets and the potential of NISAR in deriving time series and 3‐D movements are assessed. Based on the derived complete 3‐D movements and long‐term InSAR measurements, the landslide metrics, including elementary parameters of landslide geometry, spatial‐temporal patterns of movement, thickness, and hydraulic diffusivity, are derived to reveal that (a) the thickest landslide mass concentrates in the toe of the landslide, and (b) the effects of precipitation are more significant than those of the water level fluctuation in the Xinpu landslide complex, Three Gorges Reservoir areas. Plain Language Summary: Landslides are a dangerous geological phenomenon that can be difficult to monitor in site. Researchers have used radar remote sensing technology (i.e., SAR) to study landslides, which can provide valuable information about how they move and change over time. However, there are challenges in accurately estimating the complete three‐dimensional (3‐D) deformations, especially when landslides are facing north or south. In this study, we developed a new method to derive complete and accurate\3‐D deformations for landslides by using multi‐source SAR observations. The method was firstly tested on the simulated data, and then successfully applied in the Xinpu landslide complex in Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. Based on the derived 3‐D deformations, the characteristics of the landslide, including movement patterns, basal geometry, and hydrological influence, were investigated. Our findings suggest that rainfall has greater impacts on landslide than changes in water levels, and a significant transport tunnel is located from the middle to the submerged region. These novel insights can help researchers better understand the causes and effects of landslides and potentially improve efforts to mitigate their impacts. Key Points: Constraints from topography and strain model enable the retrieval of complete 3‐D movements for landslides using multi‐source SAR datasetsThe potential of novel features of forthcoming NISAR datasets in deriving accurate 3‐D movements for landslides is demonstrated3‐D deformation field yields key insights into the Xinpu landslide's movement patterns, basal geometry, and hydrological influence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid detection and identification of opioids are of great significance and an urgent need in drug regulation and forensic science. Fentanyl is an extremely potent synthetic drug of abuse that unfortunately cannot be accurately detected. Therefore, techniques combining fast, highly sensitive and portable for fentanyl detection need to be developed. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a promising detection technique owing to its high sensitivity and selectivity. Here, we reported a nonmetal SERS substrate used for trace fentanyl detection. The lowest detectable concentration was 10−7 M, and the MoO2 substrate exhibited excellent thermal and chemical stability, which could even ensure high‐temperature heating, laser irradiation, and corrosion of strong acid or alkali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of mirabegron and vibegron in patients with overactive bladder. Methods: A systematic search was performed on Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify studies from the date of database inception to January 1, 2022. All randomized controlled trials comparing mirabegron or vibegron with tolterodine, imidafenacin, or placebo were eligible. One reviewer extracted data, and a second reviewer checked. Included trials were assessed for similarity, and networks were developed using Stata 16.0 software. Mean differences for continuous variables and odds ratios for dichotomous variables together with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to rank treatments and compare the differences, respectively. Results: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials and 10 806 patients were included. For each outcome, results for all licensed treatment doses were included. Both vibegron and mirabegron were more efficacious than placebo at reducing the frequency of micturition, incontinence, urgency, urgency incontinence, and nocturia. Vibegron was more efficacious than mirabegron in reducing mean voided volume/micturition (95% CI [5.15, 14.98]). Safety outcomes for vibegron and mirabegron were similar to those in the placebo group, except for mirabegron, which had a higher risk of nasopharyngitis and cardiovascular adverse events than placebo. Conclusions: Both drugs seem to be comparable and well tolerated, particularly as direct comparisons are not available. However, vibegron may be more effective than mirabegron in reducing mean voided volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) has been an often used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for a long time. Its salt‐processed form is one of the most common application forms. Modern pharmacological research has shown that the salt‐processed product has various significantly enhanced pharmacological activities. However, the pharmacodynamic material basis of this change is not yet known. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy to screen pharmacodynamic substances in AR and salt‐processed AR (SAR). Methods: An integrated strategy combining plant metabolomics with molecular docking technology was established to screen pharmacodynamic substances. The plant metabolomics analysis was performed to select the chemical markers between AR and SAR. Then, molecular docking technology was applied to explore the relationship between chemical markers and diabetes targets (α‐glucosidase). Finally, potential quality control markers were screened. Results: There were significant differences in the quantification of nine steroidal saponins between AR and SAR. The results of plant metabolomics analysis showed a quite clear discrimination including 29 chemical markers between AR and SAR. Taking the hypoglycemic activity into consideration, 16 steroidal saponins were selected as potential quality markers. Conclusions: The developed method not only supplied an optional solution to search for pharmacophores in AR and SAR, but also provided a foundation for the study of the differential components and pharmacodynamics in various processed products of TCMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operational lifetime of blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is still insufficient for practical applications in lighting and display. One type of blue organic emitting materials with hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) process are beneficial in achieving high‐efficiency OLEDs through "hot exciton" channel by harnessing high‐lying triplet (Tn) excitons. However, the operational lifetime of the resulting blue OLEDs is rarely studied and understood. In this article, the aging properties of blue fluorescent OLEDs based on an HLCT material (2‐(4‐(10‐(3‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)anthracen‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole) (PAC) are systematically investigated by exciton dynamics calculation and transient EL experiments. It is experimentally and theoretically revealed that whether the reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) process from high‐lying excited triplet to singlet in HLCT materials is completely effective determines the device degradation. A fluorescent emitter is doped into PAC host to accelerate the hRISC process, thus enhancing device operational lifetime to reach T75 = 110 ± 2 h (time to 75% of initial luminance) under 1000 cd m−2. This work provides inspirations to investigate the stability of blue fluorescent OLEDs based on HCLT materials and further enhance the operational lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding evolution of antibiotic resistance is vital for containing its global spread. Yet our ability to in situ track highly heterogeneous and dynamic evolution is very limited. Here, we present a new single‐cell approach integrating D2O‐labeled Raman spectroscopy, advanced multivariate analysis, and genotypic profiling to in situ track physiological evolution trajectory toward resistance. Physiological diversification of individual cells from isogenic population with cyclic ampicillin treatment is captured. Advanced multivariate analysis of spectral changes classifies all individual cells into four subsets of sensitive, intrinsic tolerant, evolved tolerant and resistant. Remarkably, their dynamic shifts with evolution are depicted and spectral markers of each state are identified. Genotypic analysis validates the phenotypic shift and provides insights into the underlying genetic basis. The new platform advances rapid phenotyping resistance evolution and guides evolution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies suggest that children born via cesarean section (CS) are predisposed to immune‐mediated diseases later in life. The association between CS and childhood leukemia was investigated in this meta‐analysis of observational studies. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for literature on the association between CS and childhood leukemia before February 2022. And pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the link between CS and childhood leukemia. The preliminary search resulted in 1321 articles and 16 articles were finally included after screening. The primary outcome was the risk of leukemia in children born via CS versus those born vaginally. The results revealed that having a CS was associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia compared to having vaginal section (VS) (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13, p = 0.01), especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03–1.16, p = 0.004). Children delivered via elective CS had a higher risk of ALL (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.31, p = 0.001), but emergency CS did not. It is worth noting that neither emergency CS nor elective CS were found to be associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Compared to VS, CS increased the risk of leukemia in children, with elective CS significantly increasing ALL risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore whether vitamin B complex (folic acid, B6, and B12) could avert DNA methylation changes associated with inflammation induced by acute PM2.5 exposure. Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered by gavage with different concentrations of vitamin B complex once a day for 28 days, and then by intratracheal instillation with saline or PM2.5 once every 2 days for three times. Vitamin B continued to be taken during the PM2.5 exposure. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last exposure. The results showed that vitamin B complex could block the pathological changes and injury in lungs induced by PM2.5. Meanwhile, vitamin B complex could prevent the abnormal DNA methylation of IL‐4 and IFN‐γ to antagonize the imbalance of IL‐4/IFN‐γ associated with inflammation. It was further found that vitamin B complex could regulate DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and increase the S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM)/S‐Adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (SAH) ratio to reverse the hypomethylation of genomic DNA and the abnormal DNA methylation of IL‐4 and IFN‐γ. In conclusion, vitamin B complex has a protective effect on acute lung injury by attenuating abnormal DNA methylation induced by PM2.5 in rats. This study may provide a new insight into the physiological function of vitamin B to prevent the health effects induced by PM2.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remarkable exertions are directed to reveal and understand topographic cues that induce cell mechanical sensitive responses including lineage determination. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the sophisticated ensemble of diverse factors offering the complicated cellular microenvironment to regulate cell behaviors. However, the functions of only a few of these factors are revealed; most of them are still poorly understood. Herein, the focus is on understanding the curved structure in ECM network for regulating stem cell mechanotransduction. A curved nanofiber network mimicking the curved structure in ECM is fabricated by an improved electrospinning technology. Compared with the straight fibers, the curved fibers promote cell bridge formation because of the cytoskeleton tension. The actomyosin filaments are condensed near the curved edge of the non‐adhesive bridge in the bridging cells, which generates higher myosin‐II‐based intracellular force. This force drives cell lineage commitment toward osteogenic differentiation. This study enriches and perfects the knowledge of the effects of topographic cues on cell behaviors and guides the development of novel biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis can create a green way to produce clean energy resources, degrade pollutants and achieve carbon neutrality, making the construction of efficient photocatalysts significant in solving environmental issues. Conjugated polymers (CPs) with adjustable band structures have superior light‐absorption capacity and flexible morphology that facilitate contact with other components to form advanced heterojunctions. Interface engineering can strengthen the interfacial contact between the components and further enlarge the interfacial contact area, enhance light absorption, accelerate charge transfer and improve the reusability of the composites. In order to throw some new light on heterojunction interface regulation at a molecular level, herein we summarize CP‐based composites with improved photocatalytic performance according to the types of interactions (covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π‐π stacking, and other polar interactions) between the components and introduce the corresponding interface building methods, identifying techniques. Then the roles of interfaces in different photocatalytic applications are discussed. Finally, we sum up the existing problems in interface engineering of CP‐based composites and look forward to the possible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two experiments were conducted to explore whether and why procedural fairness may promote cooperation. In both experiments, participants first took part in a task in which they were connected to an allocator who then either selected a fair or an unfair procedure for allocating outcomes between them. After this manipulation of procedural fairness, participants performed a second task in which we studied their cooperation in a chicken game. In Experiment 1, participants were informed that their opponent in the chicken game was the same person who had previously selected the fair (vs. unfair) procedure. In Experiment 2, participants learned that their opponent in the chicken game had not been involved in the selection of the prior procedure. Both studies showed that having experienced a fair (vs. unfair) procedure facilitated subsequent cooperation in the chicken game. Mediation analyses suggest that this positive effect was explained by the finding that the prior experience of procedural fairness induced participants to expect higher levels of cooperation from their opponent, even when this opponent was not involved in the prior experience of procedural fairness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Despite the determination of zinc (Zn) isotope in soil being undertaken by several laboratories worldwide, sample preparation steps are varied due to diverse soil properties and compositions. This paper proposes a widely applicable soil acid digestion procedure that has been thoroughly evaluated for both soil and geological reference materials. To ensure the general applicability of this method to large varieties of soil samples, synthetic multi‐element solutions of high matrix element: Zn ratios (M/Zn) were prepared by embracing all possible elemental compositions of forty‐three certified reference materials; the chemical preparation procedure was then tested and optimised using these synthetic solutions. Results show that the recovery rate of Zn could reach 99–100% after the pre‐treatment. Based on this method, the δ66/64Zn data relative to JMC‐Lyon 3‐0749L Zn of previously uncharacterised NIST reference materials (including SRM 2709a San Joaquin soil, SRM 2710a Montana Soil and SRM 2711 Montana Soil) and Chinese certified reference materials (GSS‐1a, GSS‐7a, GSS‐5, GSS‐8, GSS‐14, GSS‐18, GSS‐20, GSS‐24, GSS‐31) were measured using MC‐ICP‐MS with a range from ‐0.08‰ to 0.35‰. The Zn isotope compositions of twenty‐nine soil samples from twenty‐one provinces/municipalities across China were also analysed and were found to fall within typical ranges from ‐0.09‰ to 0.28‰. The intermediate precision of several pure Zn standard solutions was better than ± 0.05‰ (2s) over 22 months of measurement. This method and results are useful for comparison and calibration of data between laboratories as well as providing a solid reference soil dataset for future studies dealing with Zn isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impacts of geomechanical and geochemical changes on carbon storage in a partially depleted oil reservoir, using results from four different coupled simulation models. Models were used to examine the relative importance of storage mechanisms, and how changing reservoir parameters might affect these mechanisms through time. The study uses data from a Morrowan sandstone reservoir in the Farnsworth Unit (FWU), Ochiltree County, Texas which is currently undergoing CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Partially depleted oil reservoirs such as the FWU offer attractive carbon utilization and/or storage targets because of existing infrastructure and economic benefits from incremental oil recovery as well as tax credits. However, prediction of storage capacity or long‐term fluid migration in these fields can be difficult because of the wide variation in formation fluids and operational histories that may have undergone. CO2 injection can cause complex geomechanical and geochemical responses in a reservoir as a result of interplay between dynamic changes in pore pressure, reservoir temperature, fluid composition, and interactions between formation fluids, CO2, and reservoir rock. Thus, multiple coupled numerical simulation models must be developed and used to more precisely understand what CO2 storage mechanisms are most significant, as well as the long‐term fate of the stored CO2. Our study used results from hydrodynamic, coupled hydro‐geomechanical, coupled hydro‐geochemical, and coupled hydro‐geomechanical‐geochemical models to examine how changes in geomechanical and geochemical properties can impact the injectivity or storage capacity of CO2. Models simulated historical field operations and then forward‐modeled a water‐alternate‐gas (WAG) operation for 20 years, followed by a 1000‐year post‐injection monitoring. The work demonstrates that in this specific reservoir, geomechanical impacts appear to be more significant than any geochemical processes, which showed minimal impact on reservoir properties. Furthermore, these simulation scenarios corroborated other studies showing more than 90% of CO2 injected are being stored and will remain stored in the reservoir. The study was able to draw on a rich set of data from this currently operational project for the work. Because the Morrow is a widespread oil‐bearing reservoir in the midcontinent of the United States and is fairly typical of many sandstone reservoirs elsewhere, the study has significance beyond the boundaries of our field area. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser welding has the potential to be used for pipeline laying. Acicular ferrite (AF) is one of the ideal microstructures to improve the strength and toughness of welds. Herein, the effect of CO2 shielding gas on the microstructure evolution in the laser‐welded weld of X100 pipeline steel is studied. The results show that CO2 shielding gas can induce a large number of Ti2O3‐Al2O3‐MnO‐SiO2 composite inclusions with a size of about 1 μm in the weld. The Ti2O3 in the inclusions promotes the formation of the Mn‐depletion zone (MDZ), resulting in the generation of AF with a volume fraction of 90.6% in the weld. The sizes of AF grains surrounded by high‐angle grain boundaries range from 1 to 3 μm, while the microstructure of the Ar shielded weld is mainly granular bainite. Inclusion mainly contains Al2O3, which cannot promote the formation of MDZ in the Ar shielded weld. The study provides a new method to induce AF in the weld of X100 pipeline steel during laser welding, and it is also useful for steels containing Ti and Mn elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North Patrininae herba, a perennial herbaceous plant, has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat appendicitis, enteritis, and dysentery. Sonchus arvensis L., Sonchus oleraceus L., and Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai are used as substitutes for North Patrininae in different regions, but the consistency of chemical composition and efficacy of these three species is still unknown. In this study, a detailed chemical analysis was carried out of the extract obtained from Sonchus arvensis L., Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai and Sonchus oleraceus L. and a chemical component not previously reported in Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai was found—Luteolin‐7‐O‐(6''‐malonylglucoside). The mechanism of action of the extract against inflammation and type II diabetes was investigated using network pharmacology and analysis of blood‐absorbed components following oral dosing of rats. Finally, a highly accurate and reliable method was established for quality control purposes. The results showed that Sonchus arvensis L. and Sonchus oleraceus L. may be considered potential resources of a medicinal compound, whereas Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai requires further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Combined forceps and cryoprobe biopsy during bronchoscopy are increasingly used. However, the adult standard cuffed endotracheal tube (SCETT) is can be limited by general anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade. An adult uncuffed endotracheal tube (UCETT) might provide simple and safe airway support in stable patients during forceps and cryoprobe biopsy under spontaneous respiration. Methods: A retrospective review of stable patients undergoing forceps and cryoprobe biopsy was performed. They were divided into a UCETT group (N = 33) and a SCETT group (N = 27). The primary technical outcome was the successful intubation and completion of bronchoscopy. The primary safety outcome was the incidence of desaturation events. Recovery time and side effects were also recorded. Results: UCETTs and SCETTs were successfully inserted, and bronchoscopic procedures were completed in all patients. Only 3/33 (9.1%) patients in the UCETT group exhibited a drop of SPO2 < 90% during the bronchoscopy, compared to 2/27 (7.4%) patients in the SCETT group (P = 0.545). Patients recovered faster in the UCETT group than those in the SCETT group. Major bleeding, laryngospasm and major arrhythmias did not occur in either group. Incidences of sinus tachycardia, incidences of vomiting, minor and moderate bleeding and premature atrial contractions were not significantly different between the two groups. Nausea occurred in 5/33 (15.2%) patients in the UCETT group, compared to 11/27 (40.7%) in the SCETT group. Conclusion: This study suggests that UCETT under spontaneous respiration can provide satisfactory airway support and a shorter recovery time in stable patients; thus, it may be an option to assist forceps and cryoprobe biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fertility is a significant concern among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors and their caregivers, especially after their completion of cancer treatment programs. Concerns about fertility affect not only cancer patients' psychological well‐being, but also all aspects of their medical treatments, including treatment protocol, decision‐making, and treatment adherence. In this scoping review, the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang electronic databases were searched according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews. The searches identified 669 articles, 54 of which met the inclusion criteria. Reviewers extracted the data on the study characteristics, measurements, positive factors, negative factors, and additional themes. This scoping review included studies from 10 countries. Most studies were quantitative using a cross‐sectional design. The prevalence of reproductive concerns among AYA cancer survivors ranged from 44% to 86%, and 28% to 44% of the survivors experienced moderate to severe concerns. The specific implementation of fertility consultation, including timing, consult frequency, and content, deserves ongoing exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. In many pathological conditions, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, cells and tissues frequently exist in a hypoxic state. Here, we evaluated Itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH) expression in LC cells following hypoxia treatment. Methods: LC cell lines were treated with hypoxic condition. Cell migration, invasion, inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis of LC cells were determined by wound healing assay, Transwell invasive assay, ELISA, DCFH‐DA staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. qPCR and WB were used to determine the expression of ITCH and TXNIP. Co‐IP was performed to assess the interaction between ITCH and TXNIP. Results: ITCH expression was downregulated in LC cells under hypoxic conditions. Next, LC cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions and changes in cell viability and metastasis were determined. Hypoxic conditions resulted in increased migration and invasion abilities of LC cells. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, and apoptosis were also promoted by hypoxia. We found that ITCH overexpression led to the proteasomal degradation of thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP), whereas the expression of the ITCH C830A mutant did not affect TXNIP levels in LC cells. The gain‐of‐function experiment demonstrated that migration, invasion, ROS generation, inflammation, and apoptosis of hypoxia‐conditioned LC cells were ameliorated by ITCH overexpression, whereas the ITCH C830A mutant did not cause any changes in these phenotypes. Furthermore, the contribution of TXNIP knockdown and ITCH overexpression to the hypoxia‐induced features in LC cells with ITCH C830A was found to be similar. Conclusion: Our results suggest a novel mechanism underlying the changes in ITCH‐mediated malignant phenotypes of hypoxia‐conditioned LC cells via TXNIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To conduct network meta‐analysis (NMA) of clinical efficacy and safety of single‐dose antiviral drugs, grouped by dosage, in treatment of influenza. Systematic retrievals were conducted in databases, including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials and from the website ClinicalTrials.gov, for clinical trials recorded between the interception of the databases and March 31, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of influenza treatment in which single‐dose antiviral drugs were administered were selected according to preset inclusion and exclusion criteria by two researchers who screened the literature independently from each other. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. Software such as Stata 16.0 and Review Manager 5.3 was adopted for statistical analysis. Pairwise meta‐analysis and NMA were carried out under the random‐effects model. For both binary and continuous variables, odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to rank treatment efficiencies and analyze the differences. A total of 12 RCTs involving 7296 participants were included in the analysis. According to the NMA results, peramivir 300 mg (MD = −17.68, 95% CI: [−34.05, −1.32]), peramivir 600 mg (MD = −16.15, 95% CI: [−29.35, −2.95]), baloxavir (MD = −14.67, 95% CI: [−26.75, −2.58]) and laninamivir 40 mg (MD = −12.42, 95% CI: [−22.53, −2.31]) remarkably outperformed laninamivir 20 mg in time to alleviation of symptoms (TTAS). However, no intervention statistically outperform others in antipyretic time, virus titer variations against the baseline 24 and 48 h after medication and adverse events (AEs). The efficacy rankings were: peramivir 300 mg (the surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA] = 80.3%) > peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 76.2%) > baloxavir (SUCRA = 68.4%) > laninamivir 40 mg (SUCRA = 55.0%) > laninamivir 20 mg (SUCRA = 16.6%) for TTAS; baloxavir (SUCRA = 76.3%) > peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 67.8%) > laninamivir 40 mg (SUCRA = 47.2%) > laninamivir 20 mg (SUCRA = 40.0%) for antipyretic time; baloxavir (SUCRA = 96.7%) > peramivir 300 mg (SUCRA = 64.5%) ≈ peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 63.2%), baloxavir (SUCRA = 93.2%) > peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 64.0%) ≈ peramivir 300 mg (SUCRA = 55.0%), for virus titer variations against the baseline 24 and 48 h after medication, respectively; and baloxavir (SUCRA = 83.4%) > peramivir 300 mg (SUCRA = 71.4%) > laninamivir 20 mg (SUCRA = 62.4%) > peramivir 600 mg (SUCRA = 56.2%) > laninamivir 40 mg (SUCRA = 36.8%) for adverse events. Among the single‐dose anti‐influenza virus drugs compared, peramivir is superior to baloxavir and laninamivir in TTAS, whereas baloxavir has the best efficacy in antipyretic time, virus titer variations against the baseline 24 and 48 h after medication and AEs. This study has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with a registration number of CRD42021238220. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modulating the electronic structure of atomically dispersed active sites is promising to boost catalytic activity but is challenging to achieve. Here we show a cooperative Ni single‐atom‐on‐nanoparticle catalyst (NiSA/NP) prepared via direct solid‐state pyrolysis, where Ni nanoparticles donate electrons to Ni(i)−N−C sites via a network of carbon nanotubes, achieving a high CO current density of 346 mA cm−2 at −0.5 V vs RHE in an alkaline flow cell. When coupled with a NiFe‐based anode in a zero‐gap membrane electrolyzer, the catalyst delivers an industrially relevant CO current density of 310 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of −2.3 V, corresponding to an overall energy efficiency of 57 %. The superior CO2 electroreduction performance is attributed to the enhanced adsorption of key intermediate COOH* on the electron‐rich Ni single atoms, as well as a high density of active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Circular RNAs have been reported to play key roles in the progression of various cancers, including gliomas. The present study was designed to investigate the role of hsa_circ_0072309 in autophagy and temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity in glioblastoma (GBM). Methods: The effect of hsa_circ_0072309 on autophagy and TMZ sensitivity were examined by GFP‐RFP‐LC3, transmission electron microscopy(TEM), flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The mechanism of hsa_circ_0072309 regulating p53 signaling pathway was analyzed using Western blot, IP, and rescue experiments. Results: Low hsa_circ_0072309 expression predicts poor prognosis for glioma patients. The regulation of hsa_circ_0072309 on autophagy and TMZ sensitivity depends on the status of p53. Hsa_circ_0072309 promoted autophagy by p53 signaling pathway and enhanced sensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide (TMZ) in p53 wild‐type GBM, but not in p53 mutant GBM. Hsa_circ_0072309 inhibits p53 ubiquitination and increases the stability of p53 protein in the context of p53 wild‐type. MiR‐100 mediates hsa_circ_0072309 regulating p53. P53 inhibitor or autophagy inhibitor could reverse the effect of hsa_circ_0072309 on TMZ sensitivity in p53 wild‐type GBM. Conclusions: This study revealed a function of hsa_circ_0072309 promoting autophagy by p53 signaling pathway and enhancing TMZ sensitivity. These findings demonstrated that hsa_circ_0072309 may be a potential and promising target in designing the treatment strategy for GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]