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Objective: To determine the impact of the information seminar on breast cancer awareness among the medical and nursing students of CMH institute of Medical Sciences (CIMS) Multan Pakistan. Study Design: Prospective Comparative Study. Place and Duration of Study: One-day seminar at CMH Institute of Medical Sciences (CIMS) Multan Pakistan. Methodology: A one-day seminar on breast cancer awareness was arranged at CMH Institute of Medical Sciences Multan Pakistan for 3rd and 4th-year MBBS and 3rd-year BSc Nursing students. A total of 137 participants were recruited. Participants were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling. A validated 13-question questionnaire was designed to assess participants' basic knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE). Results: The mean age of participants was 21.27±0.99 years. 30(21.9%) were males and 107(78.1%) were female students. Before the seminar, approximately half of the students were correct about the demographics and presentation of breast cancer which increased to more than 80% in all avenues post-seminar (p<0.001). The most significant improvement was the correct responses regarding the age at which BSE should begin. Its frequency and correct technique pre-seminar were 75(54.7%), 51(37.2%) and 23(16.8%), which in post-seminar were 98(71.5%), 106(77.4%) and 75(54.7%) respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: This one-day educational seminar played a significant role in increasing awareness among medical and nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a severe threat for productivity of sugarcane crop. Crop models have potential to quantify the climate change impacts, and management practices effects on development and productivity of sugarcane crop. These models provide simulations as a result of interaction between genotype, management, and environment. The current study was conducted with the objectives to (1) calibration, evaluation and application of CSM-CANEGRO-Sugarcane model (2) climate change assessment and make adaptation strategies for industrial (spring and autumn crops) and non-industrial (summer crop) sugarcane. Two field experiments regarding industrial sugarcane were carried out at Multan during 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 and two field experiments regarding ponda chewing sugarcane (non-industrial, thick, soft and juicier sugarcane) at Vehari during 2017 and 2018. Calibration and evaluation of CSM-CANEGRO-Sugarcane model showed that all model statistical parameters were obtained under acceptable range. Model sensitivity was also evaluated against Carbon, Temperature and Water analysis for both sites. Results revealed that average temperature is increased almost 0.94 °C during baseline weather data (1980–2018), while according to different climate projections by Global Climate Models (GCMs), average temperature 3–5 °C can be increase during mid-century. So, without adaptation strategies, fresh cane yield will be decreased ranging from 15.31 to 22.57% at different GCMs during mid-century (2039–2069). Adaptation strategies; like 18–25 days earlier planting, increasing 15% N application quantity and increasing frequency of irrigation and growing heat tolerant and more growing degree days requiring varieties can compensate the negative impact of climate change in future scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the impact of the information seminar on breast cancer awareness among the medical and nursing students of CMH institute of Medical Sciences (CIMS) Multan Pakistan. Study Design: Prospective Comparative Study. Place and Duration of Study: One-day seminar at CMH Institute of Medical Sciences (CIMS) Multan Pakistan. Methodology: A one-day seminar on breast cancer awareness was arranged at CMH Institute of Medical Sciences Multan Pakistan for 3rd and 4th-year MBBS and 3rd-year BSc Nursing students. A total of 137 participants were recruited. Participants were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling. A validated 13-question questionnaire was designed to assess participants' basic knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE). Results: The mean age of participants was 21.27±0.99 years. 30(21.9%) were males and 107(78.1%) were female students. Before the seminar, approximately half of the students were correct about the demographics and presentation of breast cancer which increased to more than 80% in all avenues post-seminar (p<0.001). The most significant improvement was the correct responses regarding the age at which BSE should begin. Its frequency and correct technique pre-seminar were 75(54.7%), 51(37.2%) and 23(16.8%), which in post-seminar were 98(71.5%), 106(77.4%) and 75(54.7%) respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: This one-day educational seminar played a significant role in increasing awareness among medical and nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]