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2. Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines update - III - Cow's milk allergens and mechanisms triggering immune activation

Author

Jensen, Sebastian A., Fiocchi, Alessandro, Baars, Ton, Jordakieva, Galateja, Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Passanisi, Stefano, Pranger, Christina L., Roth-Walter, Franziska, Takkinen, Kristiina, Assa'ad, Amal H., Venter, Carina, and Jensen-Jarolim, Erika

Subjects
Allergy, Food allergy, Beta-lactoglobulin, Pasteurization, Cow's milk
Abstract

Background: The immunopathogenesis of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is based on different mechanisms related to immune recognition of protein epitopes, which are affected by industrial processing. Purpose: The purpose of this WAO DRACMA paper is to: (i) give a comprehensive overview of milk protein allergens, (ii) to review their immunogenicity and allergenicity in the context of industrial processing, and (iii) to review the milk-related immune mechanisms triggering IgE-mediated immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, mixed reactions and non-IgE mediated hypersensitivities. Results: The main cow's milk allergens – α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, serum albumin, caseins, bovine serum albumins, and others – may determine allergic reactions through a range of mechanisms. All marketed milk and milk products have undergone industrial processing that involves heating, filtration, and defatting. Milk processing results in structural changes of immunomodulatory proteins, leads to a loss of lipophilic compounds in the matrix, and hence to a higher allergenicity of industrially processed milk products. Thereby, the tolerogenic capacity of raw farm milk, associated with the whey proteins α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin and their lipophilic ligands, is lost. Conclusion: The spectrum of immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying cow's milk allergy (CMA) is wide. Unprocessed, fresh cow's milk, like human breast milk, contains various tolerogenic factors that are impaired by industrial processing. Further studies focusing on the immunological consequences of milk processing are warranted to understand on a molecular basis to what extent processing procedures make single milk compounds into allergens.

Published
2022

3. Role of dietary fiber in promoting immune health—An EAACI position paper.

Author

Venter, Carina, Meyer, Rosan W., Greenhawt, Matthew, Pali‐Schöll, Isabella, Nwaru, Bright, Roduit, Caroline, Untersmayr, Eva, Adel‐Patient, Karine, Agache, Ioana, Agostoni, Carlo, Akdis, Cezmi A., Feeney, Mary, Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Karin, Lunjani, Nonhlanhla, Grimshaw, Kate, Reese, Imke, Smith, Peter K., Sokolowska, Milena, Vassilopoulou, Emilia, and Vlieg‐Boerstra, Berber

Subjects
DIETARY fiber, ALLERGIC rhinitis, MICROBIAL metabolism, ATOPIC dermatitis, GUT microbiome
Abstract

Microbial metabolism of specific dietary components, such as fiber, contributes to the sophisticated inter‐kingdom dialogue in the gut that maintains a stable environment with important beneficial physiological, metabolic, and immunological effects on the host. Historical changes in fiber intake may be contributing to the increase of allergic and hypersensitivity disorders as fiber‐derived metabolites are evolutionarily hardwired into the molecular circuitry governing immune cell decision‐making processes. In this review, we highlight the importance of fiber as a dietary ingredient, its effects on the microbiome, its effects on immune regulation, the importance of appropriate timing of intervention to target any potential window of opportunity, and potential mechanisms for dietary fibers in the prevention and management of allergic diseases. In addition, we review the human studies examining fiber or prebiotic interventions on asthma and respiratory outcomes, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and overall risk of atopic disorders. While exposures, interventions, and outcomes were too heterogeneous for meta‐analysis, there is significant potential for using fiber in targeted manipulations of the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions in promoting immune health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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4. Formulations for Allergen Immunotherapy in Human and Veterinary Patients: New Candidates on the Horizon

Author

Pali-Schöll, Isabella, DeBoer, Douglas J., Alessandri, Claudia, Seida, Ahmed Adel, Mueller, Ralf S., and Jensen-Jarolim, Erika

Subjects
Mini Review, Drug Compounding, Immunology, Veterinary Drugs, Allergens, allergy, veterinary, adjuvant, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Desensitization, Immunologic, Hypersensitivity, Immune Tolerance, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, immunotherapy, human, allergen
Abstract

Allergen immunotherapy is currently the only causal treatment for allergic diseases in human beings and animals. It aims to re-direct the immune system into a tolerogenic or desensitized state. Requirements include clinical efficacy, safety, and schedules optimizing patient or owner compliance. To achieve these goals, specific allergens can be formulated with adjuvants that prolong tissue deposition and support uptake by antigen presenting cells, and/or provide a beneficial immunomodulatory action. Here, we depict adjuvant formulations being investigated for human and veterinary allergen immunotherapy.

Published
2020
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5. Next-generation ARIA care pathways for rhinitis and asthma: a model for multimorbid chronic diseases: Review

Author

Schünemann, Holger J., Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Bousquet, J. Jean, Togias, Alkis, Erhola, Marina, Hellings, Peter W., Zuberbier, Torsten, Agache, Ioana, Ansotegui, Ignacio J., Anto, Josep M., Bachert, Claus, Becker, Sven, Bedolla-Barajas, Martin, Bewick, Michael, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Boulet, Louis P., Bourrez, Jean Marc, Brusselle, Guy, Chavannes, Niels, Costa, Elisio, Cruz, Alvaro A., Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Fokkens, Wytske J., Fonseca, Joao A., Gaga, Mina, Haahtela, Tari, Illario, Maddalena, Klimek, Ludger, Kuna, Piotr, Kvedariene, Violeta, Le, L. T. T., Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree, Laune, Daniel, Lourenço, Olga M., Menditto, Enrica, Mullol, Joaquin, Okamoto, Yashitaka, Papadopoulos, Nikos, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Picard, Robert, Pinnock, Hilary, Roche, Nicolas, Roller-Wirnsberger, Regina E., Rolland, Christine, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Sheikh, Aziz, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Valiulis, Arunas, Valovirta, Erkka, Vasankari, Tuula, Ventura, Maria-Teresa, Walker, Samantha, Williams, Sian, Akdis, Cezmi A., Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arnavielhe, Sylvie, Basagana, Xavier, Bateman, Eric, Bedbrook, Anna, Bennoor, K. S., Benveniste, Samuel, Bergmann, Karl C., Bialek, Slawomir, Billo, Nils, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bjermer, Leif, Blain, Hubert, Bonini, Mateo, Bonniaud, Philippe, Bouchard, Jacques, Briedis, Vitalis, Brightling, Christofer E., Brozek, Jan, Buhl, Roland, Buonaiuto, Roland, Canonica, Giorgo W., Cardona, Victoria, Carriazo, Ana M., Carr, Warner, Cartier, Christine, Casale, Thomas, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Cepeda Sarabia, Alfonso M., Chkhartishvili, Eka, Chu, Derek K., Cingi, Cemal, Colgan, Elaine, de Sousa, Jaime Correia, Courbis, Anne Lise, Custovic, Adnan, Cvetkosvki, Biljana, D’Amato, Gennaro, da Silva, Jane, Dantas, Carina, Dokic, Dejand, Dauvilliers, Yves, Dedeu, Antoni, De Feo, Giulia, Devillier, Philippe, Di Capua, Stefania, Dykewickz, Marc, Dubakiene, Ruta, Ebisawa, Motohiro, El-Gamal, Yaya, Eller, Esben, Emuzyte, Regina, Farrell, John, Fink-Wagner, Antjie, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Fontaine, Jean F., Gemicioğlu, Bilun, Schmid-Grendelmeir, Peter, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Gomez, Maximiliano, González Diaz, Sandra, Gotua, Maia, Guldemond, Nick A., Guzmán, Maria-Antonieta, Hajjam, Jawad, O’B Hourihane, John, Humbert, Marc, Iaccarino, Guido, Ierodiakonou, Despo, Ivancevich, Juan C., Joos, Guy, Jung, Ki-Suck, Jutel, Marek, Kaidashev, Igor, Kalayci, Omer, Kardas, Przemyslaw, Keil, Thomas, Khaitov, Mussa, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Kleine-Tebbe, Jorg, Kowalski, Marek L., Kritikos, Vicky, Kull, Inger, Leonardini, Lisa, Lieberman, Philip, Lipworth, Brian, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C., Loureiro, Claudia C., Louis, Renaud, Mair, Alpana, Marien, Gert, Mahboub, Bassam, Malva, Joao, Manning, Patrick, De Manuel Keenoy, Esteban, Marshall, Gailen D., Masjedi, Mohamed R., Maspero, Jorge F., Mathieu-Dupas, Eve, Matricardi, Poalo M., Melén, Eric, Melo-Gomes, Elisabete, Meltzer, Eli O., Mercier, Jacques, Miculinic, Neven, Mihaltan, Florin, Milenkovic, Branislava, Moda, Giuliana, Mogica-Martinez, Maria-Dolores, Mohammad, Yousser, Montefort, Steve, Monti, Ricardo, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralf, Münter, Lars, Muraro, Antonella, Murray, Ruth, Naclerio, Robert, Napoli, Luigi, Namazova-Baranova, Leila, Neffen, Hugo, Nekam, Kristoff, Neou, Angelo, Novellino, Enrico, Nyembue, Dieudonné, O’Hehir, Robin, Ohta, Ken, Okubo, Kimi, Onorato, Gabrielle, Ouedraogo, Solange, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palkonen, Susanna, Panzner, Peter, Park, Hae-Sim, Pépin, Jean-Louis, Pereira, Ana-Maria, Pfaar, Oliver, Paulino, Ema, Phillips, Jim, Plavec, Davor, Popov, Ted A., Portejoie, Fabienne, Price, David, Prokopakis, Emmanuel P., Pugin, Benoit, Raciborski, Filip, Rajabian-Söderlund, Rojin, Reitsma, Sietze, Rodo, Xavier, Romano, Antonino, Rosario, Nelson, Rottem, Menahenm, Ryan, Dermot, Salimäki, Johanna, Sanchez-Borges, Mario M., Sisul, Juan-Carlos, Solé, Dirceu, Somekh, David, Sooronbaev, Talant, Sova, Milan, Spranger, Otto, Stellato, Cristina, Stelmach, Rafael, Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte, Thibaudon, Michel, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana, Tomazic, Peter V., Valero, Antonio A., Valenta, Rudolph, Valentin-Rostan, Marylin, van der Kleij, Rianne, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vezzani, Giorgio, Viart, Frédéric, Viegi, Giovanni, Wallace, Dana, Wagenmann, Martin, Wang, De Y., Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnus, Williams, Dennis M., Wong, Gary, Wroczynski, Piotr, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Yusuf, Osman M., Zar, Heahter J., Zeng, Stéphane, Zernotti, Mario, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nan S., Zidarn, Mihaela, Bousquet, J., Hellings, P. W., Aberer, W., Agache, I., Akdis, C. A., Akdis, M., Aliberti, M. R., Almeida, R., Amat, F., Angles, R., Annesi-Maesano, I., Ansotegui, I. J., Anto, J. M., Arnavielle, S., Asayag, E., Asarnoj, A., Arshad, H., Avolio, F., Bacci, E., Bachert, C., Baiardini, I., Barbara, C., Barbagallo, M., Baroni, I., Barreto, B. A., Basagana, X., Bateman, E. D., Bedolla-Barajas, M., Bedbrook, A., Bewick, M., Beghé, B., Bel, E. H., Bergmann, K. C., Benson, M., Bertorello, L., Białoszewski, A. Z., Bieber, T., Bialek, S., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Bjermer, L., Blain, H., Blasi, F., Blua, A., Bochenska Marciniak, M., Bogus-Buczynska, I., the ARIA Study Group, the MASK Study Group, Briedis, Vitalis, uBibliorum, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Costa, Elisio [0000-0003-1158-1480], Kritikos, Vicky [0000-0003-3955-0002], Gaga, Mina [0000-0002-9949-6012], Prokopakis, Emmanuel P. [0000-0002-1208-1990], Togias, Alkis [0000-0001-9009-5717], Erhola, Marina [0000-0002-1364-9023], Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia [0000-0001-5077-8329], Lourenço, Olga M. [0000-0002-8401-5976], Ierodiakonou, Despo [0000-0002-7862-2016], Health Services Management & Organisation (HSMO), Obstetrics & Gynecology, Universidade do Minho, Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Bousquet, J. J., Schunemann, H. J., Togias, A., Erhola, M., Hellings, P. W., Zuberbier, T., Agache, I., Ansotegui, I. J., Anto, J. M., Bachert, C., Becker, S., Bedolla-Barajas, M., Bewick, M., Bosnic-Anticevich, S., Bosse, I., Boulet, L. P., Bourrez, J. M., Brusselle, G., Chavannes, N., Costa, E., Cruz, A. A., Czarlewski, W., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J. A., Gaga, M., Haahtela, T., Illario, M., Klimek, L., Kuna, P., Kvedariene, V., Le, L. T. T., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Laune, D., Lourenco, O. M., Menditto, E., Mullol, J., Okamoto, Y., Papadopoulos, N., Pham-Thi, N., Picard, R., Pinnock, H., Roche, N., Roller-Wirnsberger, R. E., Rolland, C., Samolinski, B., Sheikh, A., Toppila-Salmi, S., Tsiligianni, I., Valiulis, A., Valovirta, E., Vasankari, T., Ventura, M. -T., Walker, S., Williams, S., Akdis, C. A., Annesi-Maesano, I., Arnavielhe, S., Basagana, X., Bateman, E., Bedbrook, A., Bennoor, K. S., Benveniste, S., Bergmann, K. C., Bialek, S., Billo, N., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Bjermer, L., Blain, H., Bonini, M., Bonniaud, P., Bouchard, J., Briedis, V., Brightling, C. E., Brozek, J., Buhl, R., Buonaiuto, R., Canonica, G. W., Cardona, V., Carriazo, A. M., Carr, W., Cartier, C., Casale, T., Cecchi, L., Cepeda Sarabia, A. M., Chkhartishvili, E., Chu, D. K., Cingi, C., Colgan, E., De Sousa, J. C., Courbis, A. L., Custovic, A., Cvetkosvki, B., Damato, G., Da Silva, J., Dantas, C., Dokic, D., Dauvilliers, Y., Dedeu, A., De Feo, G., Devillier, P., Di Capua, S., Dykewickz, M., Dubakiene, R., Ebisawa, M., El-Gamal, Y., Eller, E., Emuzyte, R., Farrell, J., Fink-Wagner, A., Fiocchi, A., Fontaine, J. F., Gemicioglu, B., Schmid-Grendelmeir, P., Gamkrelidze, A., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Gomez, M., Diaz, S. G., Gotua, M., Guldemond, N. A., Guzman, M. -A., Hajjam, J., O'Hourihane, J. B., Humbert, M., Iaccarino, G., Ierodiakonou, D., Ivancevich, J. C., Joos, G., Jung, K. -S., Jutel, M., Kaidashev, I., Kalayci, O., Kardas, P., Keil, T., Khaitov, M., Khaltaev, N., Kleine-Tebbe, J., Kowalski, M. L., Kritikos, V., Kull, I., Leonardini, L., Lieberman, P., Lipworth, B., Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., Loureiro, C. C., Louis, R., Mair, A., Marien, G., Mahboub, B., Malva, J., Manning, P., De Manuel Keenoy, E., Marshall, G. D., Masjedi, M. R., Maspero, J. F., Mathieu-Dupas, E., Matricardi, P. M., Melen, E., Melo-Gomes, E., Meltzer, E. O., Mercier, J., Miculinic, N., Mihaltan, F., Milenkovic, B., Moda, G., Mogica-Martinez, M. -D., Mohammad, Y., Montefort, S., Monti, R., Morais-Almeida, M., Mosges, R., Munter, L., Muraro, A., Murray, R., Naclerio, R., Napoli, L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Neffen, H., Nekam, K., Neou, A., Novellino, E., Nyembue, D., O'Hehir, R., Ohta, K., Okubo, K., Onorato, G., Ouedraogo, S., Pali-Scholl, I., Palkonen, S., Panzner, P., Park, H. -S., Pepin, J. -L., Pereira, A. -M., Pfaar, O., Paulino, E., Phillips, J., Plavec, D., Popov, T. A., Portejoie, F., Price, D., Prokopakis, E. P., Pugin, B., Raciborski, F., Rajabian-Soderlund, R., Reitsma, S., Rodo, X., Romano, A., Rosario, N., Rottem, M., Ryan, D., Salimaki, J., Sanchez-Borges, M. M., Sisul, J. -C., Sole, D., Somekh, D., Sooronbaev, T., Sova, M., Spranger, O., Stellato, C., Stelmach, R., Ulrik, C. S., Thibaudon, M., To, T., Todo-Bom, A., Tomazic, P. V., Valero, A. A., Valenta, R., Valentin-Rostan, M., Van Der Kleij, R., Vandenplas, O., Vezzani, G., Viart, F., Viegi, G., Wallace, D., Wagenmann, M., Wang, D. Y., Waserman, S., Wickman, M., Williams, D. M., Wong, G., Wroczynski, P., Yiallouros, P. K., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Zar, H. J., Zeng, S., Zernotti, M., Zhang, L., Zhong, N. S., Zidarn, M., UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, and UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie

Subjects
Allergy, IMPACT, Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, ARIA Study Group, Health care transformation, Care pathways, Rhinitis, ARIA, MASK, POLLAR, Review, GUIDELINES, Medical and Health Sciences, PATIENT-CARE, 0302 clinical medicine, immune system diseases, 11. Sustainability, Health care, Medicine and Health Sciences, Outras Ciências Médicas [Ciências Médicas], Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, mHealth, health care economics and organizations, Lungmedicin och allergi, Rhinitis, Self-management, 616.2 [udc], Environmental exposure, POLLAR, 3. Good health, CHRONIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASES, Care pathways, HEALTH, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, SEASONAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, MASK, Health care transformation, EUROPEAN INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP, ARIA, Immunology, Health literacy, 03 medical and health sciences, INTERMITTENT, BUDESONIDE-FORMOTEROL, As an example for chronic disease care, MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK), a new project of the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative, and POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), in collaboration with professional and patient organizations in the field of allergy and airway diseases, are proposing real-life ICPs centred around the patient with rhinitis, and using mHealth to monitor environmental exposure. Three aspects of care pathways are being developed: (i) Patient participation, health literacy and self-care through technology-assisted "patient activation", (ii) Implementation of care pathways by pharmacists and (iii) Next-generation guidelines assessing the recommendations of GRADE guidelines in rhinitis and asthma using real-world evidence (RWE) obtained through mobile technology. The EU and global political agendas are of great importance in supporting the digital transformation of health and care, and MASK has been recognized by DG Santé as a Good Practice in the field of digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care. Conclusion: In 20 years, ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement, Air pollutants, adverse effects, Air pollution, Asthma, physiopathology, physiopathology [In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support the transformation of the health care system into integrated care with organizational health literacy. Main body], Patient participation, SELF-MANAGEMENT, MASK Study Group, Ciências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas, udc:616.2, Care pathway, Science & Technology, business.industry, RC581-607, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Integrated care, 030228 respiratory system, 13. Climate action, Family medicine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Clinical Medicine, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Background: In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support the transformation of the health care system into integrated care with organizational health literacy. Main body: As an example for chronic disease care, MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK), a new project of the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative, and POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), in collaboration with professional and patient organizations in the field of allergy and airway diseases, are proposing real-life ICPs centred around the patient with rhinitis, and using mHealth to monitor environmental exposure. Three aspects of care pathways are being developed: (i) Patient participation, health literacy and self-care through technology-assisted “patient activation”, (ii) Implementation of care pathways by pharmacists and (iii) Next-generation guidelines assessing the recommendations of GRADE guidelines in rhinitis and asthma using real-world evidence (RWE) obtained through mobile technology. The EU and global political agendas are of great importance in supporting the digital transformation of health and care, and MASK has been recognized by DG Santé as a Good Practice in the field of digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care. Conclusion: In 20 years, ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement., Partly funded by POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), and ARIA.

Published
2019

6. Bovine Holo-Beta-Lactoglobulin Cross-Protects Against Pollen Allergies in an Innate Manner in BALB/c Mice: Potential Model for the Farm Effect.

Author

Afify, Sheriene Moussa, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Hufnagl, Karin, Hofstetter, Gerlinde, El-Bassuoni, Maha Abdel-Rafea, Roth-Walter, Franziska, and Jensen-Jarolim, Erika

Subjects
ALLERGIC rhinitis, IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, ANTIGEN presentation, ANTIBODY formation, LACTOGLOBULINS, ALUMINUM hydroxide, MILK allergy
Abstract

The lipocalin beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major protein compound in cow's milk, and we detected it in cattle stable dust. BLG may be a novel player in the farm protective effect against atopic sensitization and hayfever. In previous studies, we demonstrated that only the ligand-filled holo-form of BLG prevented sensitization to itself. Here, we investigated whether holo-BLG could, in an innate manner, also protect against allergic sensitization to unrelated birch pollen allergens using a murine model. BALB/c mice were nasally pretreated four times in biweekly intervals with holo-BLG containing quercetin–iron complexes as ligands, with empty apo-BLG, or were sham-treated. Subsequently, mice were intraperitoneally sensitized two times with apo-BLG or with the unrelated birch pollen allergen apo-Bet v 1, adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide. After subsequent systemic challenge with BLG or Bet v 1, body temperature drop was monitored by anaphylaxis imaging. Specific antibodies in serum and cytokines of BLG- and Bet v 1-stimulated splenocytes were analyzed by ELISA. Additionally, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pollen allergic subjects were stimulated with apo- versus holo-BLG before assessment by FACS. Prophylactic treatment with the holo-BLG resulted in protection against allergic sensitization and clinical reactivity also to Bet v 1 in an unspecific manner. Pretreatment with holo-BLG resulted in significantly lower BLG-as well as Bet v 1-specific antibodies and impaired antigen-presentation with significantly lower numbers of CD11c+MHCII+ cells expressing CD86. Pretreatment with holo-BLG also reduced the release of Th2-associated cytokines from Splenocytes in BLG-sensitized mice. Similarly, in vitro stimulation of PBMCs from birch pollen allergic subjects with holo-BLG resulted in a relative decrease of CD3+CD4+ and CD4+CRTh2 cells, but not of CD4+CD25+CD127− Treg cells, compared to apo-BLG stimulation. In conclusion, prophylactic treatment with holo-BLG protected against allergy in an antigen-specific and -unspecific manner by decreasing antigen presentation, specific antibody production and abrogating a Th2-response. Holo-BLG therefore promotes immune resilience against pollen allergens in an innate manner and may thereby contribute to the farm protective effect against atopic sensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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7. Allergic diseases and asthma in pregnancy, a secondary publication.

Author

Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Namazy, Jennifer, and Jensen-Jarolim, Erika

Subjects
*ALLERGY treatment, *ALLERGY in pregnancy, *ASTHMA in pregnancy, *ASTHMA diagnosis, *IMMUNOTHERAPY
Abstract

Every fifth pregnant woman is affected by allergies, especially rhinitis and asthma. Allergic symptoms existing before pregnancy may be either attenuated, or equally often promoted through pregnancy. Optimal allergy and asthma diagnosis and management during pregnancy is vital to ensure the welfare of mother and baby. For allergy diagnosis in pregnancy, preferentially anamnestic investigation as well as in vitro testing should be applied, whereas skin testing or provocation tests should be postponed until after birth. Pregnant women with confirmed allergy should avoid exposure to, or consumption of the offending allergen. Allergen immunotherapy should not be initiated during pregnancy. In patients on immunotherapy since before pregnancy, maintenance treatment may be continued, but the allergen dose should not be increased further. Applicable medications for asthma, rhinitis or skin symptoms in pregnancy are discussed and listed. In conclusion, i) allergies in pregnancy should preferentially be diagnosed in vitro; ii) AIT may be continued, but not started, and symptomatic medications must be carefully selected; iii) management of asthma and allergic diseases is important during pregnancy for welfare of mother and child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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8. Caution: Reptile pets shuttle grasshopper allergy and asthma into homes.

Author

Jensen-Jarolim, Erika, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Jensen, Sebastian A. F., Robibaro, Bruno, and Kinaciyan, Tamar

Subjects
*REPTILES as pets, *GRASSHOPPERS, *ALLERGY prevention, *ASTHMA prevention, *INSECT breeding
Abstract

The numbers of reptiles in homes has at least doubled in the last decade in Europe and the USA. Reptile purchases are increasingly triggered by the attempt to avoid potentially allergenic fur pets like dogs and cats. Consequently, reptiles are today regarded as surrogate pets initiating a closer relationship with the owner than ever previously observed. Reptile pets are mostly fed with insects, especially grasshoppers and/or locusts, which are sources for aggressive airborne allergens, best known from occupational insect breeder allergies. Exposure in homes thus introduces a new form of domestic allergy to grasshoppers and related insects. Accordingly, an 8-year old boy developed severe bronchial hypersensitivity and asthma within 4 months after purchase of a bearded dragon. The reptile was held in the living room and regularly fed with living grasshoppers. In the absence of a serological allergy diagnosis test, an IgE immunoblot on grasshopper extract and prick-to-prick test confirmed specific sensitization to grasshoppers. After 4 years of allergen avoidance, a single respiratory exposure was sufficient to trigger a severe asthma attack again in the patient. Based on literature review and the clinical example we conclude that reptile keeping is associated with introducing potent insect allergens into home environments. Patient interviews during diagnostic procedure should therefore by default include the question about reptile pets in homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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9. Cow's milk protein β-lactoglobulin confers resilience against allergy by targeting complexed iron into immune cells.

Author

Roth-Walter, Franziska, Afify, Sheriene Moussa, Pacios, Luis F., Blokhuis, Bart R., Redegeld, Frank, Regner, Andreas, Petje, Lisa-Marie, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Untersmayr, Eva, Dvorak, Zdenek, Hufnagl, Karin, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, and Jensen-Jarolim, Erika

Abstract

Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a bovine lipocalin in milk with an innate defense function. The circumstances under which BLG is associated with tolerance of or allergy to milk are not understood. Our aims were to assess the capacity of ligand-free apoBLG versus loaded BLG (holoBLG) to protect mice against allergy by using an iron-quercetin complex as an exemplary ligand and to study the molecular mechanisms of this protection. Binding of iron-quercetin to BLG was modeled and confirmed by spectroscopy and docking calculations. Serum IgE binding to apoBLG and holoBLG in children allergic to milk and children tolerant of milk was assessed. Mice were intranasally treated with apoBLG versus holoBLG and analyzed immunologically after systemic challenge. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation was evaluated with reporter cells and Cyp1A1 expression. Treated human PBMCs and human mast cells were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and degranulation, respectively. Modeling predicted masking of major IgE and T-cell epitopes of BLG by ligand binding. In line with this modeling, IgE binding in children allergic to milk was reduced toward holoBLG, which also impaired degranulation of mast cells. In mice, only treatments with holoBLG prevented allergic sensitization and anaphylaxis, while sustaining regulatory T cells. BLG facilitated quercetin-dependent AhR activation and, downstream of AhR, lung Cyp1A1 expression. HoloBLG shuttled iron into monocytic cells and impaired their antigen presentation. The cargo of holoBLG is decisive in preventing allergy in vivo. BLG without cargo acted as an allergen in vivo and further primed human mast cells for degranulation in an antigen-independent fashion. Our data provide a mechanistic explanation why the same proteins can act either as tolerogens or as allergens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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10. The Secrets of the Mediterranean Diet. Does [Only] Olive Oil Matter?

Author

Mazzocchi, Alessandra, Leone, Ludovica, Agostoni, Carlo, and Pali-Schöll, Isabella

Abstract

Diet plays a key role in the maintenance and optimal functioning of immune cells. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is an example of a prudent choice of lifestyle and scientifically accepted to help preserve human health by protecting against major chronic and inflammatory diseases. Mediterranean diets (MedDiets) are characteristically high in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and salad, bread and whole grain cereals, potatoes, legumes/beans, nuts, and seeds. Their common central feature is the usage of olive oil as the main source of fat. The health benefits attributed to olive oil are specifically related to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) intake with its high nutritional quality and multiple positive effects on health. Overall, MedDiets have direct (mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), tocopherols, polyphenols) and indirect (low saturated fats, well-balanced linoleic/alpha linolenic acid) effects on the immune system and inflammatory responses. In the present paper, we summarize the current knowledge on the effect of olive oil per se and MedDiets generally on immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD)/cardiovascular diseases (CVD), obesity, type-2 diabetes, cancer, asthma, and allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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11. Immunology of COVID‐19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives – a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)

Author

Wojciech Feleszko, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Weronika Barcik, Jozef Janda, Hideaki Morita, Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz, Gerdien A. Tramper-Stranders, Willem van de Veen, Kari C. Nadeau, Marcin Moniuszko, Akash Kothari, Oscar Palomares, Cezmi A. Akdis, Cristina Gomez-Casado, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Stefanie Eyerich, Inge Kortekaas Krohn, Joanna Makowska, Mohamed H. Shamji, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber, Anna Sediva, Helen A. Brough, Mary Prunicki, Zuzanna Lukasik, Eva Untersmayr, Francesco Papaleo, Milena Sokolowska, Mübeccel Akdis, Ioana Agache, Cevdet Ozdemir, Andrzej Eljaszewicz, Thomas Eiwegger, Edward F. Knol, Deniz Akdis, Marek Jutel, Jürgen Schwarze, Liam O'Mahony, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Research Foundation - Flanders, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Fondazione Telethon, Ministero della Salute, Comunidad de Madrid, German Research Foundation, European Commission, Sokolowska, Milena, Agache, Ioana, Akdis, Cezmi A., Akdis, Mubeccel, Barcik, Weronika, Brough, Helen, Eiwegger, Thomas, Eliaszewicz, Andrzej, Feleszko, Wojciech, Gómez-Casado, C., Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin, Janda, Jozef, Jiménez Saiz, Rodrigo, Knol, Edward, Krohn, Kortekaas, Kothari, Akash, Moniuszko, Marcin, Morita, Hideaki, Nadeau, Kari C., Ozdemir, Cevdet, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palomares, O., Papaleo, Francesco, Prunicki, Mary, Schmidt-Weber, C. B., Schwarze, Jürgen, Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien, Veen, Willem van de, Untersmayr, Eva, Dermatology, Sokolowska, Milena [0000-0001-9710-6685], Agache, Ioana [0000-0001-7994-364X], Akdis, Cezmi A. [0000-0001-8020-019X], Akdis, Mubeccel [0000-0003-0554-9943], Barcik, Weronika [0000-0001-8580-9690], Brough, Helen [0000-0001-7203-0813], Eiwegger, Thomas [0000-0002-2914-7829], Eliaszewicz, Andrzej [0000-0002-8980-1474], Feleszko, Wojciech [0000-0001-6613-2012], Gómez-Casado, C. [0000-0002-7707-6367], Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin [0000-0002-8830-058X], Janda, Jozef [0000-0001-9958-5683], Jiménez Saiz, Rodrigo [0000-0002-0606-3251], Knol, Edward [0000-0001-7368-9820], Krohn, Kortekaas [0000-0003-3649-1131], Kothari, Akash [0000-0003-1980-161X], Moniuszko, Marcin [0000-0001-7183-3120], Morita, Hideaki [0000-0003-0928-8322], Nadeau, Kari C. [0000-0002-2146-2955], Ozdemir, Cevdet [0000-0002-9284-4520], Pali-Schöll, Isabella [0000-0003-2089-6011], Palomares, O. [0000-0003-4516-0369], Papaleo, Francesco [0000-0002-6326-0657], Prunicki, Mary [0000-0002-5511-8896], Schmidt-Weber, C. B. [0000-0002-3203-8084], Schwarze, Jürgen [0000-0002-6899-748X], Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien [0000-0002-0228-5375], Veen, Willem van de [0000-0001-9951-6688], and Untersmayr, Eva [0000-0002-1963-499X]

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immunology, Pneumonia, Viral, Eaaci Position Paper, SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, COVID‐19 treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, COVID‐19 prevention, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, COVID-19 Testing, Pandemic, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Pandemics, Coronavirus, SARS, business.industry, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, SARS-CoV-2, Academies and Institutes, COVID‐19 comorbidity, COVID-19, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030228 respiratory system, COVID‐19 immunity, COVID‐19 multi‐morbidity, business, Coronavirus Infections, 030215 immunology
Abstract

With the worldwide spread of the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies. This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multi‐organ disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and the SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular and neuronal system. Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender and age in development of COVID‐19. Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID‐19 studies., The authors would like to thank the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) for the financial support to the sections, interest groups and working groups enabling the development of this paper. The research of SM is supported by a SNSF grant 310039_189334; JSR is funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (IJCI-2016-27619); KKI is supported by the FWO Post doc mandate 12W2219N; BW and PF were supported by funding from the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Fondazione Telethon (project GGP19103), and Ricerca Finalizzata Giovani Ricercatori 2016 - Ministero Salute Italia (project GR-2016-02362413); GCC is supported by a postdoctoral contract cofounded by the competitive Program “Attracting Talent,” Community of Madrid, Spain; the research of SWCB was funded by DFG (398577603), “ADAPT” EIT Health is a body of the EU receiving support from H2020 and BMBF “ESCAPE” 01KI20169A; the research of UE is supported by the H2020 grant 768641 and by the BMF grant 19056.

Published
2020

12. Cow's milk protein β-lactoglobulin confers resilience against allergy by targeting complexed iron into immune cells

Author

Alessandro Fiocchi, Frank A. Redegeld, Andreas Regner, Eva Untersmayr, Luis F. Pacios, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Bart R. Blokhuis, Zdenek Dvorak, Karin Hufnagl, Lisa-Marie Petje, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Sheriene Moussa Afify, Franziska Roth-Walter, Austrian Science Fund, Biomedical International R+D GmbH, Bencard Allergie GmbH, Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (Egypt), Roth-Walter, Franziska [0000-0001-5005-9228], Afify, Sheriene Moussa [0000-0003-2082-9038], Pacios, Luis F [0000-0002-0585-4289], Redegeld, Frank [0000-0001-8830-7960], Fiocchi, Alessandro [0000-0002-2549-0523], Untersmayr, Eva [0000-0002-1963-499X], Hufnagl, Karin [0000-0002-2288-2468], Pali-Schöll, Isabella [0000-0003-2089-6011], Jensen-Jarolim, Erika [0000-0003-4019-5765], Roth-Walter, Franziska, Afify, Sheriene Moussa, Pacios, Luis F, Redegeld, Frank, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Untersmayr, Eva, Hufnagl, Karin, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Jensen-Jarolim, Erika, Afd Pharmacology, and Pharmacology

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Allergy, Milk allergy, Lipocalin, Lactoglobulins, Immunoglobulin E, ligand, quercetin, Allergic sensitization, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, iron, Immunology and Allergy, Mast Cells, Cow's milk, Mice, Inbred BALB C, milk, tolerance, biology, Chemistry, Allergen, Degranulation, Mast cell, BLG, Interleukin 10, medicine.anatomical_structure, Milk, Quercetin, lipocalin, Iron, Antigen presentation, Immunology, Ligand, β-lactoglobulin, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, medicine, Animals, Humans, medicine.disease, allergy, Bos d 5, cow's milk, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, biology.protein, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Cattle, Milk Hypersensitivity, Tolerance
Abstract

Departamento de Biotecnología (INIA), Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a bovine lipocalin in milk with an innate defense function. The circumstances under which BLG is associated with tolerance of or allergy to milk are not understood., Supported by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (grant SFB F4606-B28 ) and in part by Biomedical International R+D GmbH, Vienna, Austria, and by Bencard Allergie GmbH, Munich, Germany. S.M.A. was supported by a grant from the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education ., 18 Pág.

Published
2021

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