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This article examines how place and place-basedness are essential to understanding the conflict dynamics of natural resource use. Based on a single case study and using an ethnographic approach to examine a place, the paper unearths how place is mobilised in corporate–community relations. This study defines place-basedness as having two relational elements: ecological and social embeddedness. It finds four positions with differing place identifications, meanings, and relationships with the ecological and social place. This article concludes that while ecological embeddedness enhances the ability to resist natural resource use through knowledge attribution and actively mobilising a place, the social embeddedness of some positions constrains local people's ability to resist. It also identifies attachment to and detachment from place as two aspects of a central mechanism whereby countering positions are mobilised in the hegemonic struggle. The findings contribute to our understanding of place as a constituting part of corporate–community relations and place-basedness both as a resource for and hindrance to resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of existing condition, rules and implementation of CSR and create harmony models of corporate social responsibility (CSR) between regulation, Javanese culture values and universal principles, to fill the lack of CSR regulation in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approach This study is based on sociology legal research. The regulations and principles have been studied by using the approach of law and social sciences. That characteristic is descriptive evaluative. The primary data are taken from interview with the senior source relations of PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) in Jakarta, President Director of PT Rosalia Indah Group in Surakarta and Your Honour Prince of Surakarta Hanadiningrat Kingdom. Secondary data are obtained from the review of the literatures pertaining to the material. Secondary data consist of legal materials such as regulations, books, papers and other references. Data analysis technique use theoretical interpretative.Findings CSR is implemented by company only for lifting the image. CSR fund allocation is still a company’s secret, and it becomes evidence of the lack of transparency for companies to manage and provide social cost to society. It can also be found that some companies collect donations from the public for disaster relief, but in the distribution of aid, they use the name of a CSR company. There is polarization in the implementation of CSR. A government- owned company is already bound by the provisions of the Regulation of the Minister of state-owned enterprises.Research limitations/implications This paper discusses the CSR implementation in Indonesia and it creates a model of accountability of CSR to fill the legal vacuum that occurs at this time. This paper formulates a good relation between traditional Javanese value, government regulations and universal CSR principle.Practical implications There remains a mismatch between the Javanese values of philosophy with the positive regulatory norms that result in the implementation of CSR only to meet the requirements of the positive regulatory norm and ignore the obligations involved and to aid the prosperity of the public society.Social implications Communities around a company have not been able to enjoy the advantages of the company. Communities should fight for their own lives without being dependent on or being supported by a company’s existence.Originality/value This research combines the Javanese values with the positive legal regulations in the implementation of CSR in Indonesia. This research has not been conducted by the others. This research will provides benefits on the idea of imposing sanctions on the non-implementation of CSR, not only through positive legal regulations but also through social sanctions embodied in the Javanese values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contribution to limited research on ways to be greener in the events industry, this paper demonstrates the importance of cross-organization coordination in implementing green events. In a case study on China Import and Export Fair, we examined the interplay of stakeholders in the process of greening from the perspective of value chain governance. The results revealed that (1) key stakeholders formed a profit-driven value chain that inhibited the promotion of green booth, (2) the fair used institutional power and bargaining power to engage key stakeholders, and (3) developed a governance model to encourage greening by using multiple instruments of governance (i.e., green booth standards, knowledge transfer, and a green booth competition). In light of those results, this paper expands the scope of literature on green events by offering novel insights into governance along value chains and highlighting their managerial implications for promoting green events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost two decades ago, Prahalad and Hammond [Harv Bus Rev, 80(9):48–59, 2002] introduced the base/bottom of the pyramid (BOP) approach to profitably serving the poor with business models adapted from developed markets while alleviating poverty. In response to disappointing results and ethical criticism, the BOP approach evolved from a just-for-profit approach with a passive role of the poor to an inclusive development approach that integrates the principles of the triple bottom line. A recent review of the BOP literature [Dembek et al., J Bus Ethics 165(3):365–382, 2020], however, reveals a lack of empirical evidence to support the sustainable BOP approach. In this paper, we specify the assumptions underlying the sustainable BOP approach and test them using structural equation modeling with clustered robust standard errors on a unique dataset of 212 firms. Our findings show that BOP business model involvement and adaptive capacity are significant drivers of the triple bottom line at the BOP; however, business model adaptive capacity does not guarantee an ecologically sustainable performance at the BOP. We find that there is a need for further extension of the ethical foundations of the sustainable BOP approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent innovation diffusion in organisations literature suggests that innovation diffusion dimensions and characteristics are not independent of each other, rather organisational internal environment interacts with both an organisational external environment and an innovation's characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of the framework consisting of organisational innovation dimensions and characteristics within Saudi Arabian organisations. We test this model with survey data from a large-scale survey of 223 Saudi public and private project-based organisations, these organisations had either adopted, or intended to adopt, the project management office (PMO). To obtain a broad representation of respondents, and to minimise bias, the survey did not target any specific industry. Statistical analysis, specifically exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to ascertain the factors underlying each construct. Structural equations modelling (SEM) was sequentially utilised to determine the factor structure of the model and to assess the relationships between model constructs. This paper took an initiative step towards a conceptual framework for organisational innovation diffusion, represented by the PMO. Its results revealed that perceived organisational innovation climate functions as a gateway to the organisational innovation diffusion. It was also found that technology mediate the relationships between socio-culture and organisation climate for innovation. More importantly, PMO complexity was not related to the intention to implement the PMO. The quantitative study showed that the framework is a useful tool for studying the diffusion of organisation innovation. The model can potentially form the foundations of a framework for organisations seeking to enhance the organisational innovation diffusion that could in turn strengthen their business performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important strategies for reducing carbon emissions is to optimize firms' operation decisions in business practices. This paper proposes a green vendor-managed inventory (a green VMI) model with a supplier and a manufacturer under a carbon emissions trading mechanism. The proposed model integrates both environmental and economic goals under a carbon emissions constraint, and then the members' optimal decisions are obtained. Comparing this model with the traditional VMI model, this paper finds that, in the green VMI model, whether the supplier should sell or buy carbon credit depends on the carbon cap. Further, the impacts of the carbon cap and the carbon emissions factors on the optimal decisions, the carbon emissions, and the total costs in the supply chain are examined analytically. Finally, numerical experiments are performed to verify the theoretical results. It is shown that, after introducing the carbon trading mechanism, the VMI model could increase the total cost of the supply chain under some specified set of parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the same environmental regulations apply to all regions in China, legal enforcement can be different due to local economic development priorities. There is still a lack of knowledge about how regional disparities affect the operating performance results of the implementation of corporate environmental management practices, thus providing little information for foreign companies when they invest and develop their production base in China. To fill this research gap, this paper collects data from the Fortune 500 Chinese firms to investigate the moderating role of regional disparities in affecting the performance results of corporate environmental management efforts based on the institutional theory. The disclosed corporate environmental responsibility (CER) practices serve as proxy to represent corporate environmental management practices. Content analysis approach was applied to collect and analyze CER practices published in the corporate reports of Chinese manufacturers. The results show that CER has a positive impact on operating income, while regional disparities influence the relationship between CER and corporate operating income. Specifically, CER and operating income are positively related in Eastern China; on the contrary, they are negatively related in Western China. This paper adds to the body of knowledge about environmental discrepancies in the same emerging economy, and provides insights for systematic consideration in terms of the issues of government environmental regulations and corporate environmental strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a recent systematic review of the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) literature in this journal, we developed a typology of architectures as a basis for the process of SBSC design, implementation, use, and evolution. This paper addresses a comment by Hahn and Figge (2016) designed to stimulate further research. We argue that the existing literature demonstrates that the SBSC management tool can play an important role in corporate sustainability. The SBSC architectures—as representations of goals and priorities—form an integral and iterative part of the corporate sustainability strategy-making process and therefore cannot be isolated from it. However, the concept as such should not be overloaded (e.g. as a tool for radical change). In this paper, we first reflect on the potentials and constraints of the SBSC in relation to (1) radical or transformational change and (2) measuring performance outcomes on the level of human-earth systems. Second, we discuss the importance of SBSC architecture concerning (1) how it enables the integration of sustainability into business organisations; (2) how both strictly hierarchical cause-and-effect chains and less hierarchical designs can allow companies to seek inclusive profits; and (3) the contingency-based use of generic architectures (i.e. using the sustainability strategy and value system to determine a fitting architecture) in contrast to its use as a diagnostic tool (i.e. the architecture revealing the sustainability strategy and value system). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation between longitudinal emission reduction investment of supply chain enterprises and the government's subsidy policy is studied in this paper, the game model against subsidy of the government for emission reduction investment of manufacture and retailer is developed. This study analyzes the optimal investment of enterprises and the optimal emission reduction subsidy of the government under the Nash and Stackelberg game conditions. The results show that the government's emission reduction subsidies for two parties on the supply chain, as well as the benefits to such two parties, are affected by the cooperative relationship in the supply chain. That is, manufacturer and retailer are in the highest position in the Nash game, followed by the Stackelberg game and the lowest in central decisions. Comparing the subsidy differences of the government in the emission reduction investment by manufacturer and retailer under different force structures, the longitudinal emission reduction investment in the supply chain and the government's subsidy policy under different game conditions are concluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose “Economic crises” and “corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives” are two issues that dominate the modern business agenda. Although related, these issues have been analysed separately, and so a significant gap is perpetuated between the two. What are the effects of economic crises on CSR initiatives? Can organisational social initiatives withstand economic crises? The purpose of this paper is to answer these questions.Design/methodology/approach An integrative literature review was conducted, considering: the economic and geographical context in which the research was conducted; the focus of each piece of research; the adopted research methods; organisational theories of analytical support; the sectors analysed; and the effects of economic crises on CSR initiatives and environmental management.Findings Some of the findings were as follows: most of the studies analysed reported that CSR helps companies to cope with economic crises by increasing the efficiency of investments and establishing better relations with stakeholders and markets; environmental practices are related to negative environmental performance in periods of economic crises; and CSR relates positively to financial performance in periods of economic crises.Originality/value This is one of the first integrative literature reviews to investigate what happens to the relationship between businesses and sustainable change management in periods of crises. This paper also offers a future research agenda for the issue, with 12 questions still unanswered by the latest research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper emphasizes the importance of the role played by social responsibility in supporting sustainable businesses. The first part of the paper displays a short historical evolution and a series of definitions of this concept from the perspective of the social, environment and economic preoccupations of the French and German approaches of the issue concerning sustainable development that appears to meet the needs of nowadays generation. The largest part of the paper displays the advantages of CSR for organizations, employees, and communities as well as the implementation stages of CSR within corporations. The final part of the paper presents three approaches that characterize the practice of corporate social responsibility: the restrictive, cumulative and integrative approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Sustainable Development / Problemy Ekorozwoju is the property of Faculty of Environmental Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose As the concept of corporate sustainable management activities (CSMA) has become an increasingly important element of corporate management, much attention has been paid to its impact on customer relationship. Although there exists many studies concentrating mainly on the environment aspect of CSMA, only a few address the three dimensions of CSMA (environmental, social and economic) and examine their comprehensive impact on relationship marketing. In an attempt to fill this gap, the purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the influence of CSMA on customer satisfaction (CS), word of mouth intention (WOMI) and repurchase intention (RI).Design/methodology/approach The data come from 214 shipping industry practitioners (shippers, freight forwarders and third party logistics service providers in South Korea). Structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed to test the impact of CSMA on CS, WOMI and RI.Findings Based on a survey conducted in South Korea, the findings indicate that environmental and economic aspects of CSMA play a significant role in enhancing CS and the enhanced CS positively affects WOMI and RI.Research limitations/implications As the field data were obtained from only one industry, future replication of the findings to other industries should consider industry-specific factors, if applicable.Practical implications The results highlight several implications for shipping industry practitioners to consider when establishing the strategy for effective corporate sustainable management to enhance CS.Originality/value This study is one of the first empirical attempts to explore how CSMA affects CS in the shipping industry. In addition, this paper empirically investigates the influence of CS on WOMI and RI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose – This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – The role of a critic is perhaps one of the most overlooked and misunderstood positions in public life, and by extension so is that of critical perspectives. In film or books, the role of a critic is to contextualize, educate and review artistic endeavor; however, ultimately it is the “thumbs up or thumbs down” judgment that gets the coverage and engages with an audience. Practical implications – The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the interaction between the different indicators of the business environment and tax evasion. First, we develop a simple theoretical model linking tax evasion to the business environment. Second, we test the model predictions using the World Bank Enterprise Survey data for Uganda. Findings indicate that the extent of tax evasion is associated with bureaucratic bribery, the quality and efficiency of the legal systems, and the inadequate provision of public capital. Our results are robust to alternative estimation strategy, choice of instruments, treatment of outliers, and missing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether narrative corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures (the provision of textual information on companies’ environmental and social performance to external stakeholders) are associated with firm value in Germany. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the global reporting initiative guidelines, the paper uses content analysis to assess the value relevance of CSR disclosures of 130 German companies over four years. Findings – The results show that CSR information is value-relevant, but the value relevance of CSR information differs among CSR categories. Specifically, the disclosure of social information is positively associated with firm value yet environmental disclosures are not. Practical implications – The results confirm that management should be aware of the potential capital market effects of voluntary CSR disclosures, even though such disclosures may be directed at other stakeholders. Originality/value – Germany is an interesting setting as CSR disclosures are voluntarily, even though the institutional environment appears sensitive to CSR disclosures. Despite this, little research has focussed upon the value-relevance of CSR-disclosures in Germany. In addition, the results confirm that management should be aware of the potential capital market effects of voluntary CSR disclosures, even though they are not directed at shareholders as such. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The way in which a firm’s actions are perceived by others is driven by the individual values and ethics of directors (Ntim and Soobaroyen, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of “problem” directors on the environmental performance of firms. The authors argue that if a board member has a tainted reputation, then environmental performance will be higher as the problem director seeks to rebuild his/her reputation.Design/methodology/approach The authors use a sample of the top 500 US companies for 2010 and 2011 and an ordinary least square (OLS) model to capture the impact of “problem” directors on environmental performance. The authors use an independent measure of environmental performance which includes three categories: environmental impact, environmental management (green policies) and environmental reputation (which is affected by disclosure).Findings The findings of this paper show that the average environmental impact score is 53.32 per cent, the environmental management green policy score is 35.39 per cent and environmental reputation is 49.86 per cent. A firm which is operated by a problem director has a higher score for environmental management and environmental reputation than non-problem director-affiliated firms. Firms which are managed by a problem director(s) have lower scores for environmental impact than non-problem director-affiliated firms in the USA, indicating a higher level of emissions, water use, waste disposal, etc.Practical implications The authors posit that problem directors promote environmental performance as a means to enhance their reputation and divert attention from allegations of previous poor professional behaviour. Regulators and investors should interpret the environmental performance of a firm with caution when a problem director is on the board.Originality/value Prior research on the relationship between environmental performance and corporate governance has been based on board composition and characteristics. However, board decision-making reflects the professional experience and personal values of the directors. These factors have not been addressed in the literature to-date and, hence, form this paper’s contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While business tends to be seen as a substantial factor in causing climate change, climate-induced physical changes can also pose major challenges to firms in return. Firms can reduce their vulnerability to these changes by defining and implementing an adaptation strategy. Based on an empirical analysis of the oil and gas industry, this paper examines how the way firms interpret climate events in terms of awareness and vulnerability informs their measures to adapt to climate-induced physical change. In the empirical analysis, the paper derives four types of adaptation behaviour - pre-emptive, reactive, continuous, and deferred adaptation - that correspond with different degrees of awareness and vulnerability. The paper concludes with implications for management practice and policymakers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisational innovations and crisis management have a lot in common. Crisis may come in many various forms. It can be a result of economic slowdown or recession influencing the industry and, therefore, some of its organisations. However, firm disaster can be a result of wrong management decisions or unexpected events. Each form of crisis has its own causes, which influence the company in a number of ways. The main objectives of the paper are to describe the nature of crisis management in project-based enterprises and to define the scope and role of organisational innovations in it. The conducted research shows that the organisational innovations are the crucial elements of crisis response strategies. Applying organisational innovations, the entity can gain short-term benefits because they aim at improving the flexibility and adaptability of the company and the supervision of the running projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The Chinese Government encourages firms to diffuse their operational-level environmental management (EM) into their organization's mission and strategy to develop strategic EM to promote sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to utilize two concepts of institutional theory (isomorphic pressures and decoupling behavior) to assess how different institutional forces arising from Chinese macro-level factors (market pressure, business turbulence, legal voids, carbon policy, structural-level governmental interference and guanxi with government) influence the efficacy of strategic EM.Design/methodology/approach In partnership with a major consulting firm in China, the authors collect multi-informant survey data from 183 manufacturing firms drawn from a variety of industries for testing the hypotheses posited.Findings The efficacy of strategic EM in the sampled firms is confirmed by the positive association with environmental performance. The authors also find that the efficacy of strategic EM is weakened by market pressure, business turbulence and legal voids, whereas it is strengthened by structural-level governmental interference. However, carbon policy and guanxi with government do not impact it significantly.Research limitations/implications To extend the findings on the environmental importance of strategic EM, future research can develop and validate a management framework to guide the adoption of strategic EM. With regard to the four valid macro-level factors influencing the efficacy of strategic EM, future research can identify the reasons (e.g. conflict with corporate functions) behind them to aid manufacturers to mitigate their negative influence or enhance the positive influence on strategic EM.Social implications China's Government and its manufacturers (or those sharing a similar institutional environment) can expand the scope of their EM efforts from operational-level EM practices to strategic EM. The findings on the valid macro-level factors have led to practical suggestions for government bodies and manufacturers to improve the efficacy of strategic EM adoption. Overall, the implications help achieve the higher levels of firm-level environmental performance and alleviate the global pollution problem.Originality/value A particular value of this work lies in the demonstration of combining institutional theory (organization decoupling, isomorphic pressures) with practical consideration such as guanxi with government in the particular institutional environment of China to help address an important and context-related problem, environmental performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to advance the concept of “integrative capability” as a critical dynamic capability (DC) and empirically investigate its implications for a firm’s sustainable competitive advantage in business partnerships. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on an empirical analysis of a sample of 300 manufacturing firms in south and central China. Findings – Integrative capability is an important mediator in relationship between operational capabilities (managerial, marketing and technological capabilities) and firm performance. Integrative capability has a significant direct impact on a firm’s performance (marketing effectiveness and financial performance) and also indirect impact via the creation of new operational capabilities. Practical implications – Managers should recognise the significant payoffs of developing integrative capability. Integrative capability helps a firm transfer the benefits of operational capabilities from alliances partners to superior firm performance. Further, integrative capability also effectively updates and renews a firm’s operational capabilities that lead to an enhanced firm performance. Originality/value – Extending the DC literature, this study untangles the complex relationship among operational capabilities, DC and firm performance. Moreover, the study adds new insights into extant literature by conceptualising, operationalising and empirically testing one specific DC – integrative capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate claims about environmental performance have increased rapidly in recent years, as has the incidence of greenwash, that is, communication that misleads people into forming overly positive beliefs about an organization's environmental practices or products. References to greenwash in the literature have grown rapidly since the term was introduced more than 2 decades ago, with a sharp increase in articles since 2011. We review and synthesize this fragmented and multidisciplinary literature, showing that greenwash is a broad umbrella term that encompasses a variety of specific forms of misleading environmental communication. More research is needed that identifies and catalogues the varieties of greenwash, theorizes and models their mechanisms drawing on existing social science research, and measures their impacts on corporate performance and social welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the historical and contemporary sources of food insecurity in Haiti. It begins by detailing the impact of colonial legacies on the Caribbean region as a whole and on Haiti in particular. The adverse consequences associated with this period include deforestation, soil infertility and food-import dependence. The paper then turns to more contemporary trends, namely the influence of 30 years of neoliberal ideology. It argues that the belief that Haiti can best achieve food security through the pursuit of comparative advantage, a notion advanced and supported by powerful international and domestic actors, has served to reinforce harmful historic trends. We support this argument with recent fieldwork findings that highlight how the construction of a new export processing zone (EPZ), following the 2010 earthquake, has generated troubling environmental and food security concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of firms shifting stages of their production processes overseas. In this paper we investigate whether firms outsource the dirtier stages of production to minimise domestic environmental regulation costs-a process broadly consistent with the pollution haven hypothesis. We develop a theoretical model of international environmental outsourcing that focuses on the roles played by firm size and productivity, transport costs and environmental regulations. We test the model's predictions using a firm-level dataset for Japan and do find evidence of an 'environmental outsourcing' effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- This paper aims to investigate the impact of the proposed carbon tax on the financial market return of Australian firms. It also considers the differential tax effect on individual firms with different carbon profiles, including factors such as emissions costs, carbon disclosure and climate-change policies. Design/methodology/approach -- Utilising the event-study method, the authors examine the market reaction to seven key carbon legislative information events that occurred from February 2011 to November 2011. The sample includes 48 different firms whose emissions-related data are available from Carbon Disclosure Project reports; thus, 336 firm-event observations are used for the cross-sectional analysis. Findings -- The paper documents evidence that the proposed tax has an overall negative impact on shareholder wealth as measured by abnormal returns. The negative impact varies across sectors, with the most significant effect found in the materials, industrial and financial sectors. It was also found that a firm's direct carbon exposure (as measured by Scope 1 emissions) is significantly associated with abnormal returns, whereas the indirect exposure (as measured by Scope 2 emissions) is not, because Scope 2 emissions are not covered by the tax. In addition, the findings suggest that the information content of the events is more notable during the early stages of the development of the carbon tax. Research limitations/implications -- The sample is restricted to the largest firms with relevant carbon profile information. Thus, caution should be exercised when generalising the inferences. Practical implications -- The introduction of the carbon tax was largely unexpected and most firms were unprepared for it; thus, their carbon policy appears inadequate and does not impress investors. An understanding of how the carbon tax affects shareholder value and welfare will encourage management to take proactive actions to mitigate the compliance costs of carbon legislation. Originality/value -- The enactment of the Australian carbon tax perhaps represents one of the biggest social and economic restructuring events in the country's history. Our results offer initial insight into its impact and suggest that investors would penalise firms with heavy direct operational emissions. In addition, Australian corporate carbon policy seems inadequate, so does not reverse the negative effect of the tax on the value of a firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the influence of an organization’s time perspective on triple bottom line deployment through sustainable innovativeness. Although academics increasingly consider sustainable innovation to be an essential element in deploying the triple bottom line, the degree of an organization’s sustainable innovativeness remains limited. Using ten inductive case studies based on the triangulation of data from multiple-respondent interviews and secondary data, this study shows that an organization’s time perspective plays a crucial role in explaining the organization’s degree of sustainable innovativeness and improvement of triple bottom line outcomes. Specifically, organizations with a longer planning horizon, higher tolerance of uncertainty, and greater ability to learn from the past develop a higher and increasing degree of sustainable innovativeness, allowing trade-offs between triple bottom line dimensions to be mitigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balancing environmental, social, and economic performance is today considered a key responsibility that firms have toward society. As a result, academics, practitioners, and political decision makers are increasingly paying attention to environmental management systems improving a full spectrum of environmental performance. In that regard, even if recent literature suggests that environmental management should be deployed through a cross-functional approach, extant literature mostly focuses on independent functional systems. This paper addresses this gap investigating how the deployment of environmental management in the human resource function—adopting green human resource management (GHRM) practices—and the supply chain function—adopting green supply chain management (GSCM) practices—impact on environmental and financial performance. We draw from a multiple-respondent survey of human resource and supply chain managers in multiple industries in Italy. The study suggests that GHRM and GSCM impact on both environmental and financial performance and shows that GHRM and GSCM exert those impacts in a joint fashion. Indeed, our results show that GSCM plays a mediating role in the relationship between GHRM and performance. Overall, our results provide researchers and managers with relevant insights into the cross-functional deployment of the environmental values and principles across functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between turnover among chief executive officers (CEOs) and corporate sustainability performance (CSP) by identifying the influence of two major types of succession to the top job (internal or external promotion) and the reasons for change. Our model also integrates the firm’s past prioritization of CSP and the impact of a company’s participation in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Upper echelons theory and agency theory frameworks are adopted to understand CSP. Using an analysis of panel data for 88 public companies across 13 years in France, we find that a change of chief executive has a positive and significant effect on CSP 5 years after the change. This positive effect is stronger when the new CEO is recruited from outside the firm. The impact on CSP is invariably positive and significant, except for voluntary departures. The arrival of a new CEO affects CSP less when the firm has already achieved a high standard of CSP and participates in the GRI. These results are obtained after controlling CSP determinants already validated in the literature (financial performance, size, profitability, etc.). The findings show that expectations of CEOs are not solely economic and financial but also concern CSP. In terms of governance, they should prompt shareholders looking to strengthen CSP to choose new CEOs from outside the firm and to encourage the firm to participate in the GRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopts a multilevel approach and uses hierarchical-level modelling, to explore the mechanisms that underlie organizational citizenship behaviour for the environment (OCBE) in four- and five-star hotels in Poland. It contributes both to organizational climate research and the organizational greening literature. More specifically, it examines the direct effects of green organizational climate (GOC) on OCBE, as well as its moderating effects on the relationships between individual factors and OCBE. The results indicate that GOC had a direct impact on OCBE and that it had a significant moderating effect on the relationships between personal environmental values and OCBE, and between affective organizational commitment and OCBE. It also emerged that employee values and commitment were positively related to OCBE, and that employees' engagement in extra-role green activities was equally explained by individual- and hotel-level factors. However, we found that in most hotels, there were weak GOC, which implies lack of organizational emphasis on green practices. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, and make the case for the adoption of the multilevel approach for exploring employee involvement in organizational pro-environmental action. A series of key managerial implications are listed, explained and justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation of the environment, caused in part by end of life and end of used products, necessitates the set-up of recovery networks. These networks may be owned by the manufacturer or they can be outsourced to third parties. Most manufacturers prefer outsourcing, so this study proposes a benchmarked recovery process for third party reverse logistics providers (3PRLP) by evaluating design criteria, implementation criteria, process control characteristics, and business orientation policies. Expertise efficiency of third party providers dictates their competitiveness and/or survival. In an effort to help third parties enhance value recovery from the process in the market, this paper seeks to establish a meaningful benchmark that will dictate best practices through quality function deployment (QFD). In particular, the paper offers a theoretical background to measure the relative importance among the various types of criteria. The proposed technique also helps to establish guidelines by which to prioritize the various characteristics. This study finds that the main driving factor regarding waste management centers on mandatory laws. It also concludes that when government relaxes its policies, environmentally oriented businesses are able to strengthen their systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how corporate environmental responsibility (CER) affects the cost of equity capital for manufacturing firms in 30 countries. Using several approaches to estimate firms’ ex ante equity financing costs, we find in regressions that control for firm-level characteristics as well as industry, year, and country effects that the cost of equity capital is lower when firms have higher CER. This finding is robust to addressing endogeneity through instrumental variables, to using alternative specifications and proxies for the cost of equity capital, and to accounting for noise in analyst forecasts. We conclude that investment in CER reduces firms’ equity financing costs worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive entries of business into resource industries can cause allocation inefficiency and externality problems, such as resource depletion and environmental pollution. These problems have been existed in China's resources industry for many years. After opening up to the world, China has even begun to lose some critical strategic resources. Theoretical studies suggest that state-owned shares as an indirect form of entry regulation could help the government reduce costs and control risk. This paper first empirically analyzed the co-integration relationship between double externalities and state-owned shares, using a Seemingly Unrelated Regression based on China's coal, ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal resources panel data for 1999 to 2015. The results showed that state-owned shares significantly reduced the intergenerational (0.760) and environmental externalities (0.265). However, higher state-owned shares might reduce industrial effectiveness; thus, this paper further tested the effect of state-owned shares under different threshold degrees of externality. The results showed that the effect of indirect regulation was the best when it was associated with a medium degree of intergenerational externality and high degree of environmental externality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The environmental management of supply chains has become increasingly relevant in the recent era. Extant research proposes two main forms of mechanisms – collaboration and evaluation – for environmental supply chain management. Despite the wide use of these mechanisms and the empirical insight into the fact that they could be adopted simultaneously, it is unknown if, and, at which levels, environmental collaboration (EC) and environmental evaluation (EE) could be complementary or substitutionary in nature. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to gain a clear understanding into the plural forms of these mechanisms.Design/methodology/approach The transaction cost economics and relational exchange theory are used to ground the research hypotheses. The results are based on survey data collected from 145 US manufacturing firms. The authors employ polynomial regression as well as the response surface methodology to test the proposed hypotheses.Findings The results suggest that EC and EE can have an intriguing effect depending on the outcome measure. Specifically, the authors find the effects in the economic and the environmental/social domains to be significantly different.Originality/value While scholars acknowledge that collaboration and evaluation could act as complements, extant research does not propose and test models that specifically capture complementary and substitutionary nature of these mechanisms. Accordingly, the study makes the first attempt to empirically test for the effects of the simultaneous pursuit of EC and EE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New requirements and developments in the world of business and commerce era provide a background to the emergence of new attitudes which are essential for those involved in the field of production and trade. In this regard, there are new approaches and attitudes toward the subject matter of supply chain which is following an approach to a green chain via environmental requirements. In this study, not only the suppliers directly associated with the company, but also those providing raw materials for manufacturers were also considered in a second layer of supply chain, so as to select optimal suppliers from the both layers. Considering the first and second layers of suppliers as well as the green factor, a criteria called "second layer" was developed, with its associated fuzzy numbers been calculated using a proposed method, so as to rank suppliers on the first layer in hierarchical fuzzy TOPSIS method based on different levels of alpha. Finally, in order to assign orders to suppliers from the first and second layer, multi-objective linear programming was used to formulate various constraints such as size of each supplier on either the first or second layers as well as the capacity of the communication paths between suppliers on the first layer and the buyer, with respect to extenuating circumstances. In this paper, a multi-product model is proposed to solve multiple sourcing supplier problem in green supply chains considering environmental issues. The proposed model aims to maximize value of the suppliers while minimizing the costs associated with environmental pollutions, purchasing expenses, fixed ordering cost, transportation costs and penalties for returned goods. The solution method succeed to improve epsilon constraint in GAMS Software. The efficiency and applicability of the proposed approach is further illustrated with a case study in a washing machine manufacturing company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, cap-and-trade programs are a cornerstone of many countries' climate change policies and proposals. This paper investigates the economic and environmental effects of different climate change policy designs in a general equilibrium setting with heterogeneous firms and monopolistic competition. The analysis predicts that the cap on emissions perfectly defines the environmental quality but has no effect on firms' profits, or decisions to enter or exit the market. In contrast, increasing the share of free allocations of emission allowances, as opposed to auctions, has no effect on environmental quality but reallocates resources among firms toward the most productive ones which has an impact on firms' entry and exit decisions, the mass of firms, and the composition of the market. Firm heterogeneity magnifies these economic effects of changes in the initial allocation of allowances. The paper provides a decomposition of the change in aggregate emissions which takes account of the changes at sector level, across the firms within a sector, and at the firm level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society's expectations of business are mounting and stakeholders are asking organizations to become more mindful of their interests. Companies are responding by becoming more involved in the resolution of social-environmental challenges. Their sustainability agendas, however, are often claimed to be ineffective and to lack strategic thinking. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the factors that determine the scope and features of these agendas. Specifically, we investigate organizational objectives (the starting point of any strategy) and the posture towards mounting - and sometimes conflicting - expectations. We find that pessimistic judgments about sustainability agenda effectiveness may have been too hasty from both a micro-level and a macro-level standpoint. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of managers to identify and interpret challenges in the external environment is one of the micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities. The underlying literature on strategic issue interpretation suggests that interpreting environmental challenges as opportunities rather than threats is more likely to lead to proactive and innovative responses, but there are also potentially positive effects of threat interpretation, for instance high levels of commitment and risk-seeking behaviour. In this paper, I use the context of climate change to explore the link between threat interpretation and innovation in more detail. I use exploratory cluster analysis and illustrative case studies to develop a set of propositions to explain when threat interpretation can in fact encourage innovation. I identify two ethical mechanisms that positively mediate the relationship between threat interpretation and innovation: enlarged concept of responsibility to society and moral legitimacy. The paper contributes to the literature by identifying the importance of ethics in linking managerial interpretation to innovation, particularly in the context of global environmental and social challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how sacred texts of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam provide mindsets for morally responsible social and environmental sustainability. Using the Torah, Talmud, Bible, and Qur'an, common moral insights from each ethical tradition are presented to inform behavior around environmental integrity and stewardship and social justice and social responsibility. The religions' similar conceptualization of marketplace integrity around sustainable value is discussed. The paper concludes with ethical lessons managers can draw from contemporary application of this traditional wisdom for guiding more morally responsible behavior at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of eco-innovations to food manufacturing has risen exponentially in recent years. In this paper we investigate the drivers of different types of eco-innovation in the Italian wine industry, a particularly relevant sector both in terms of its economic performance and its use of natural resources. We focus on the internal knowledge sourcing of firms and on the ‘breadth’ and ‘depth’ of their engagement with external agents when performing eco-innovation activity. We test our research hypotheses in the context of cleaner processes, end-of-pipe technologies and the use of organic input factors. The empirical evidence is based on a questionnaire survey administered to 334 Italian wine producers. The econometric exercise provides mixed results: both internal R&D and engagement with external agents have a significant effect on eco-innovations depending on the type of eco-innovation taken into account. Moreover, we find a non-linear relationship between external knowledge sourcing and eco-innovation activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has long been an issue for research and practice. More recently, in response to growing public scrutiny, it has also gained importance in the agribusiness sector. Research has highlighted a growing gap between public perceptions of farming and food production processes and the realities of modern agriculture and the food industry. This can threaten the reputation and legitimacy of companies operating in this sector. One proactive means for companies to meet societal expectations is to make an active commitment to society and its needs by implementing a CSR policy. However, there is still no clear definition of CSR, and what important stakeholders actually expect from companies remains largely unknown. This paper focuses on consumers' perception of CSR. Its objective is to explore a CSR policy design for German agribusiness based on Archie B. Carroll's famous pyramid model. A consumer survey was conducted to evaluate the CSR demands society places on agribusiness companies. An explorative factor analysis was employed to discover the outline of the construct in the German agribusiness context. The results reveal that Carroll's model, which was developed from a U.S. point of view, cannot be confirmed for German agribusiness. Instead of Carroll's four responsibility groups, three areas of responsibility were identified: economic, internal and external. These results have manifold implications for CSR strategies in agribusiness firms and represent an important origin for future investigations on CSR in other countries as well as in specific agribusiness subsectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the assignment of tradable permits-representing property rights of an environmental good-to community members who are harmed by pollution generated by firms. These community members can in turn sell permits to polluters according to their personal preferences. For a special case with a sole household, market transactions between the household and polluters achieve an efficient pollution level. However, for a group of households, the decentralized market solution fails to yield social efficiency because of competitive consumption of the environmental goods. We design a revenue-sharing mechanism akin to unitization, under which market transactions also achieve efficient resource allocation. Importantly, in some cases, efficiency can be achieved even when regulators are ignorant of the private valuation of the environmental good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates (1) the influence of external pressures, internal factors, and environmental attitudes of entrepreneurs on environmental proactive strategy in small and micro firms and (2) whether environmental proactive strategy impacts environmental investment and environmental performance. The study is based on a survey conducted in Italy and tests the set of hypotheses using a structural equations model. The results underline that external pressures and entrepreneurs' attitudes are the most important predictors of environmental proactivity both for small and micro firms. The results also confirm a positive relationship between environmental proactivity and environmental investments as well as environmental performance. Yet, environmental investments show a strong influence on environmental performance. Commitment to environmental management by small and micro firms appears thus on the ground, showing that some substantive actions have started to be developed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the relationship between corporate environmental performance (CEP) and corporate financial performance (CFP) has consistently grown and is gaining widespread attention. Given the vast body of CEP-CFP studies, recently scholars have begun to take stock of the cumulative results. However, no study so far has meta-analyzed the findings yielded by event studies assessing the stock market reactions to corporate environmental performance-related events (CEP-related events). This paper sets out to close this gap by synthesizing previous empirical results regarding the stock market impact of positive and negative CEP-related events. Results indicate a positive relationship across studies in terms of positive market reactions to positive events and negative reactions to negative events. Furthermore, the findings show that the market reactions are stronger for negative events than for positive events (i.e., asymmetry in the stock market reaction). Finally, this study examines whether methodological artifacts (i.e., differences in the study designs) may explain the differences in the findings of the analyzed event studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant stakeholder studies posit that the media have a direct impact on firms’ pollution behaviors. By integrating agenda-setting theory with the stakeholder framework, we propose the media exert an influence on firms’ pollution behaviors through two primary stakeholders: the government and the public. Longitudinal archival data collected from Chinese newspapers in 2009 indicate that the government tends to take actions upon the official newspaper reports, while the public acts upon the reports from commercialized papers. Both the government’s and the public’s actions can prompt the firm to provide solutions to its pollution problems. In addition, the government’s actions mediate the relationship between official media coverage and firm solutions, and the public’s actions mediate the link between commercialized media coverage and firm solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]