Search

According to the UNHCR, in 2019 there were 70.8 million refugees worldwide. Due to war, catastrophes, and emergency situations a great demand for temporary accommodation has arisen within the last couple of years. The main requirements for these shelters are protection for the inhabitants, easy transportability, and quick construction. In addition, in terms of resource efficiency, the recyclability of the construction materials is of great importance. Paper materials have a high potential for this, due to their strong structure, cost-effective production, and optimised recycling processes. The following paper presents a case study of a prototype for a temporary paper house that meets the static and technical requirements for a comfortable and hygienic living space by combining different paper materials. The overall objective of this research was the constructive development of building elements made of paper materials, which meet the requirements for temporary residential use over a period of at least 3 years. The main advantages of using paper materials for this purpose are easy processing, cost-effective production, and a high probability for its sustainable disposal after usage. The main challenges of the material are fire protection and moisture protection, which affect the recyclability, as well as the gluing and joining techniques. An overview of possible solutions for these disadvantages and their applicability will be demonstrated and discussed. The paper aims to emphasise that simplicity and performance do not need to be diametrically opposed. The envelope, which provides all the functions required of a modern building through its multi-layered structure, represents the performance of this project. Transportation, construction, and joining, on the other hand, were kept as simple as possible in order to make assembly possible even by unskilled workers and under very basic conditions. The paper is divided into four sections. First, the technical and regulatory requirements for temporary emergency shelters, as well as the decisive characteristics of paper materials are described and analysed. In the second part, the architectural design and the construction typology are defined. The third part focusses on the elaboration and evaluation of building elements with regard to joining technologies, statics, building physics, and production technologies. Finally, the results of the prototype and their transferability are presented and discussed., Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2021): Special Issue Powerskin 2021

Although Six Sigma has been carried out withinside the production and different services industries. This look at defined the Six Sigma idea as a first-class initiative that may be carried out in the constructing enterprise. The concepts, method, and metrics of Six Sigma are first mentioned. The software of Six Sigma for enhancing the first-class of inner finishes at some stage in creation is likewise explained. For that a case of residential complicated which include one hundred residences is carried out to discover the defects in plastering. These defects are then evaluated through making use of DMAIC method of six sigma. Before making use of DMAIC, the sigma degree is calculated through defects consistent with million possibilities (DPMO). In case look at miles determined that the defects determined in completing paintings (plastering) of residential complicated are cracks on plastered floor, mistaken vertical edges of column, window and door, horizontal edges of column, window and door, air hole in plastered floor, choppy plastered floor, and plastered floor broken at some stage in sporting out different sports. Further those defects are evaluated the use of DMAIC method. Keywords: Six Sigma, Defects, Construction, Quality Improvement, DMAIC. Title: Review Paper: Quality Improvement through Six Sigma using DMAIC Methodology in construction Author: Ingale Rohit, Prof. S. C. Tandale International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Vol. 10, Issue 1, April 2022 - September 2022 Page No: 93-98 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published date: 06-June-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6616441 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/review-paper-quality-improvement-through-six-sigma-using-dmaic-methodology, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research, ISSN 2348-7607 (Online), Research Publish Journals (Source), Website: www.researchpublish.com, {"references":["[1]\tT.R. Vijayaram, S. Sulaiman, A.M.S. Hamouda, , M.H.M. Ahmad 'Foundry quality control aspects and prospects to reduce scrap rework and rejection in metal casting manufacturing industries', Journal of Materials Processing Technology 178(2006) 39 – 43","[2]\tChao-Ton Su , Chia-Jen Chou,' A systematic methodology for the creation of Six Sigma projects: A case study of semiconductor foundry', expert Systems with Applications 34 (2008) 2693– 2703","[3]\tDarshak Desai, 'Increasing Bottom-Line Through Six Sigma Quality Improvement Drive: Case of Small-Scale Foundry Industry', Udhyog PrgatiVol. 36, No. 2, April-June, 2012","[4]\tM. Shanmugaraja, M. Nataraj and N. Gunasekaran, 'Empirical Study for Six Sigma Success: Mapping Organizational Hierarchy with Barriers', International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 5 Number 10(2010) pp. 1821 – 1826","[5]\tDarshak A. Desai, 'Improving productivity and profitability through Six Sigma: experience of a small-scale jobbing Industry', Int. J. Productivity and Quality Management, Vol. 3, No. 3, (2008)","[6]\tE. V. GIJO & TUMMALA S. RAO, 'Six Sigma Implementation– Hurdles and More Hurdles' Total Quality ManagementmVol.16, No. 6, 721 – 725, August (2005)","[7]\tM. Shanmugaraja and M. Nataraj,'Defect control analysis for improving quality and productivity: an innovative Six Sigma case study'Int. J. Quality and Innovation, Vol. 1, No. 3, (2011)","[8]\tMuthuswamy Shanmugaraja Nataraj 'Literature snapshot on Six Sigma project selection for future research', Int. J. Services and Operations Management, Vol. 11, No. 3,(2012)","[9]\tDarshak A. Desai, 'Quality and productivity improvement through Six Sigma in foundry industry', Int. J. Productivity and Quality Management, Vol. 9, No. 2, (2012)","[10]\tE.V. Gijo, '11 Ways to Sink Your Six Sigma Project', Six sigma forum magazine, November (2011), 27-28","[11]\tE. V. Gijo & Johny Scaria, 'Process improvement through Six Sigma with Beta correction: a case study of manufacturing company', Int. Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology (2014) 71:717-730 DOI 10.1007/ s00170-013-5483","[12]\tE.V. Gijo, Shreeranga Bhat, N.A. Jnanesh, 'Application of Six Sigma methodology in a small-scale foundry industry', International Journal of Lean Six Sigma Vol. 5 No. 2,(2014) pp. 193-211","[13]\tDarshak A. Desai, Mulchand B. Patel, 'Impact of Six Sigma in a developing economy: analysis on benefits drawn by Indian industries' Journal of industrial engineering and management (2009) – 2(3):517-538 - ISSN: 2013-0953","[14]\tAndrew Thomas and Richard Barton, 'Developing an SME based six sigma strategy', Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management Vol. 17 No. 4,(2006) pp. 417-434","[15]\tTaho Yang and Chiung-Hsi Hsieh, 'Six-Sigma project selection using national quality award criteria and fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making method' 978-1-4244-2108-4/08/$25.00 © (2008) IEEE"]}

The continual growth of pulp and paper industry has led to the generation of tremendous volumes of fly ash as byproducts of biomass combustion processes. Commonly, a major part of it is landfilled; however, updated environmental regulations have tended to restrict the landfilling of fly ash due to rising disposal costs and the scarcity of suitable land. The pulp and paper industries are therefore urgently seeking energy-efficient mechanisms and management for the beneficial use of fly ash in an ecological and economical manner. This paper offers a comprehensive review of existing knowledge on the major physicochemical and toxicological properties of pulp and paper mill fly ash to assess its suitability for various bound and unbound applications. The current state of various methods used for the valorization of pulp and paper mill fly ash into more sustainable geomaterials is briefly discussed. This paper also presents promising and innovative applications for pulp and paper mill fly ash, with particular reference to agriculture and forestry, the construction and geotechnical industries, and the immobilization of contaminants. It was identified from a literature review that modified pulp and paper mill fly ash can be environmentally and economically advantageous over commercial coal-based fly ash in various sustainable applications.

Lime slaker grits and biomass fly ash are solid wastes produced by the Kraft paper-pulp industry that are commonly disposed of in landfill. However, recent studies and European regulations discourage such disposal practices. This work investigates an alternative and innovative way to recycle and reuse these wastes in the production of green geopolymeric mortars intended for application in the construction industry. Here, biomass fly ash was used as the main source of alumino-silicate in the binder precursor (70 wt.% substitution to metakaolin), and grits (ranging from 1&ndash, 12.5 mm, as provided by the industry) were reused as aggregate. Aggregate granulometry was also completed by using a commercial natural siliceous sand (&lt, 1 mm). Mortars using sand only were prepared for comparative reasons. The implemented mix was designed to investigate the influence of the grits on the mortar&rsquo, s properties such as its binder/aggregate ratio, workability, bulk density, water sorptivity, and compressive strength. At the same time, waste reuse was analysed in light of its limitations and potentialities. Moreover, in the pursuit of sustainability, the manufacturing process that was followed was highly cost-effective in ambient curing conditions (20 &deg, C, 65% RH), which avoided the use of any external source of energy as commonly used in geopolymers processing. The achieved results proved that the combined use of these wastes, which to date has hardly been explored, along with ambient manufacturing conditions increases the material sustainability. The produced mortars are suitable for innovative applications in various fields, with a particular focus on construction and contribute to the circular economy.