34,002 results
Search Results
2. Reclaiming mendelian randomization from the deluge of papers and misleading findings
- Author
-
Stefan Stender, Helene Gellert-Kristensen, and George Davey Smith
- Subjects
Mendelian randomization ,2SMR ,Epidemiology ,Nonlinear MR ,UK Biobank ,Vitamin D ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Abstract Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful epidemiological method for causal inference. However, its recent surge in popularity has brought two concerning trends. First, the public availability of summary results from genome-wide association studies has led to an explosion of low-quality two-sample mendelian randomization (2SMR) studies. These studies add minimal – if any – value and overwhelm reviewers and journals. Second, the availability of large datasets with individual-level genotype data, like UK Biobank, has spurred the development and use of novel MR methods. However, some methods are being applied without proper testing, leading to misleading results, as exemplified by recent spurious findings that are being retracted and/or corrected relating to vitamin D. What can editors and peer reviewers do to handle the deluge of 2SMR studies and the premature application of highly complex MR methods? We advise editors to simply reject papers that only report 2SMR findings, with no additional supporting evidence. For reviewers receiving such papers, we provide a template for rejection. In addition, reviewers should demand rigorous testing of novel methods, including through the use of positive and negative controls before they are applied. Rejecting non-contributory 2SMR papers and imposing intensive scrutiny to novel methods is crucial if the scientific community is to reclaim MR.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Call for Papers-Journal of Epidemiology Reprints of Pioneering Papers Series: Spotlighting Little-Known Non-English Language Research Papers From Japan and Around the World.
- Author
-
Kondo N
- Subjects
- Global Health, Humans, Japan epidemiology, Language, Epidemiology, Periodicals as Topic, Publishing
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Level of Cognitive Domains and Weightage of Various Topics in the Undergraduate Summative Examination Question Paper of Community Medicine: A Cross-sectional Study
- Author
-
Preeti Tiwari, Angelin Priya, and Arijit Datta
- Subjects
blueprinting ,community medicine ,epidemiology ,theory examination ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Assessments direct students towards learning. There are three types of learning: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. While all three are interlinked, the cognitive domain, which covers knowledge and intellectuality, is foundational and can be assessed through theory examinations. Theory exams are the best way to test the cognitive domain of a learner, while practical exams can assess the psychomotor and affective domains. Since the question paper is the most important tool in theory exams, it is essential that the question paper covers relevant topics and tests all levels of cognitive learning, which encompass knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Aim: To assess the level of cognitive domains assessed and the weightage allocated to various topics in the undergraduate summative examination question paper of community medicine. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Community Medicine, Pramukh Swami Medical College and Sri Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India in which the five-year question papers (2016-2020) from five Universities were analysed to assess the level of cognitive domains and the weightage assigned to various topics. Each question was categorised as recall, comprehension, or application based on the cognitive domain it assessed. Furthermore, each question was analysed to determine the topic it pertained to, and the marks allocated to that question were assigned to the corresponding topic. Results: The majority of marks in Universities 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were, respectively allocated as follows: 324 (80.62%), 459 (84.66%), 453 (75.5%), 895 (89.5%), and 379 (63.16%) for questions testing the recall ability of the learners. For questions assessing comprehension ability, the marks allotted were 20 (4.87%), 0, 81 (13.5%), 65 (6.5%), and 51 (8.15%). The fewest marks were assigned to questions testing application, synthesis, or evaluation abilities. Epidemiology had the highest weightage in all five Universities, with marks of 73 (18.25%), 75 (13.89%), 93 (15.5%), 141 (14.1%), and 83 (13.83%). Conclusion: The cognitive domains assessed in the subject across all five Universities were unsatisfactory. The weightage of marks allotted to topics varied, highlighting the need to develop a question paper plan that facilitates a systematic distribution based on different levels of cognitive domains and topics.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. What Happens to Your Manuscript: Characteristics of Papers Published in Volume 188.
- Author
-
Lesko CR, Mumford SL, Molino AR, Telljohann H, Biddle LE, Schisterman EF, and Editorial Board OBOT
- Subjects
- Humans, Epidemiology, Periodicals as Topic, Publishing
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Dry Eye Disease in the Middle East and Northern Africa: A Position Paper on the Current State and Unmet Needs
- Author
-
Lazreg S, Hosny M, Ahad MA, Sinjab MM, Messaoud R, Awwad ST, and Rousseau A
- Subjects
ocular surface ,regional clinical practice ,epidemiology ,treatment ,patient outcomes ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Sihem Lazreg,1 Mohamed Hosny,2 Muhammad A Ahad,3 Mazen M Sinjab,4 Riadh Messaoud,5 Shady T Awwad,6 Antoine Rousseau7 1Ophthalmology Cabinet, Blida, Algeria; 2Refractive and Cornea Service, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Anterior Segment Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, DHCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 5Department of Ophthalmology, Tahar SFAR University Hospital, Mahdia, Tunisia; 6Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut - Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; 7Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, FranceCorrespondence: Antoine Rousseau, Pierre Testas Building, Bicêtre Hospital, 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France, Tel +33145213690, Email arousseau1010@gmail.comAbstract: In the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA), dry eye disease (DED) is often misdiagnosed or overlooked. This review summarizes a series of conversations with ophthalmologists in the region around a variety of climatic, lifestyle, and iatrogenic factors that contribute to specific features of DED in the MENA region. These considerations are further classified by patient lifestyle and surgical choices. All statements are based on discussions and formal voting to achieve consensus over three meetings. Overall, a deeper understanding of the disease characteristics of DED specific to MENA can better guide local eyecare practitioners on appropriate management and follow-up care. Additionally, population-based studies and patient and physician education on ocular surface diseases, together with the use of culturally appropriate and language-specific questionnaires can help ease the public health burden of DED in this region.Keywords: ocular surface, regional clinical practice, epidemiology, treatment, patient outcomes
- Published
- 2024
7. Reclaiming mendelian randomization from the deluge of papers and misleading findings.
- Author
-
Stender, Stefan, Gellert-Kristensen, Helene, and Smith, George Davey
- Subjects
- *
GENOME-wide association studies , *VITAMIN D , *CAUSAL inference , *SCIENTIFIC community , *TEST methods - Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful epidemiological method for causal inference. However, its recent surge in popularity has brought two concerning trends. First, the public availability of summary results from genome-wide association studies has led to an explosion of low-quality two-sample mendelian randomization (2SMR) studies. These studies add minimal – if any – value and overwhelm reviewers and journals. Second, the availability of large datasets with individual-level genotype data, like UK Biobank, has spurred the development and use of novel MR methods. However, some methods are being applied without proper testing, leading to misleading results, as exemplified by recent spurious findings that are being retracted and/or corrected relating to vitamin D. What can editors and peer reviewers do to handle the deluge of 2SMR studies and the premature application of highly complex MR methods? We advise editors to simply reject papers that only report 2SMR findings, with no additional supporting evidence. For reviewers receiving such papers, we provide a template for rejection. In addition, reviewers should demand rigorous testing of novel methods, including through the use of positive and negative controls before they are applied. Rejecting non-contributory 2SMR papers and imposing intensive scrutiny to novel methods is crucial if the scientific community is to reclaim MR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Incidence and Magnitude of the Health Costs of In-Person Schooling during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Working Paper 28619
- Author
-
National Bureau of Economic Research and Mulligan, Casey B.
- Abstract
The health costs of in-person schooling during the pandemic, if any, fall primarily on the families of students, largely due to the fact that students significantly outnumber teachers. Data from North Carolina, Wisconsin, Australia, England, and Israel covering almost 80 million person-days in school help assess the magnitude of the fatality risks of in-person schooling (with mitigation protocols), accounting for the age and living arrangements of students and teachers. The risks of in-person schooling to teachers are comparable to the risks of commuting by automobile. Valued at a VSL of $10 million, the average daily fatality cost ranges from $0.01 for an unvaccinated young teacher living alone to as much as $29 for an elderly and unvaccinated teacher living with an elderly and unvaccinated spouse. COVID-19 risk avoidance may also be more amenable to Bayesian updating and selective protection than automobile fatalities are. The results suggest that economic behaviors can sometimes invert epidemiological patterns when it comes to the spread of infectious diseases in human populations. [Financial support for this research was provided by the University of Chicago's Initiative on Enabling Choice and Competition in Healthcare.]
- Published
- 2021
9. Level of Cognitive Domains and Weightage of Various Topics in the Undergraduate Summative Examination Question Paper of Community Medicine: A Cross-sectional Study.
- Author
-
TIWARI, PREETI, PRIYA, ANGELIN, and DATTA, ARIJIT
- Subjects
COGNITION ,COMMUNITY health services ,CROSS-sectional method ,COGNITIVE testing ,COGNITIVE learning - Abstract
Introduction: Assessments direct students towards learning. There are three types of learning: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. While all three are interlinked, the cognitive domain, which covers knowledge and intellectuality, is foundational and can be assessed through theory examinations. Theory exams are the best way to test the cognitive domain of a learner, while practical exams can assess the psychomotor and affective domains. Since the question paper is the most important tool in theory exams, it is essential that the question paper covers relevant topics and tests all levels of cognitive learning, which encompass knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Aim: To assess the level of cognitive domains assessed and the weightage allocated to various topics in the undergraduate summative examination question paper of community medicine. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Community Medicine, Pramukh Swami Medical College and Sri Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India in which the five-year question papers (2016-2020) from five Universities were analysed to assess the level of cognitive domains and the weightage assigned to various topics. Each question was categorised as recall, comprehension, or application based on the cognitive domain it assessed. Furthermore, each question was analysed to determine the topic it pertained to, and the marks allocated to that question were assigned to the corresponding topic. Results: The majority of marks in Universities 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were, respectively allocated as follows: 324 (80.62%), 459 (84.66%), 453 (75.5%), 895 (89.5%), and 379 (63.16%) for questions testing the recall ability of the learners. For questions assessing comprehension ability, the marks allotted were 20 (4.87%), 0, 81 (13.5%), 65 (6.5%), and 51 (8.15%). The fewest marks were assigned to questions testing application, synthesis, or evaluation abilities. Epidemiology had the highest weightage in all five Universities, with marks of 73 (18.25%), 75 (13.89%), 93 (15.5%), 141 (14.1%), and 83 (13.83%). Conclusion: The cognitive domains assessed in the subject across all five Universities were unsatisfactory. The weightage of marks allotted to topics varied, highlighting the need to develop a question paper plan that facilitates a systematic distribution based on different levels of cognitive domains and topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. AllergoOncology: Biomarkers and refined classification for research in the allergy and glioma nexus—A joint EAACI‐EANO position paper.
- Author
-
Turner, Michelle C., Radzikowska, Urszula, Ferastraoaru, Denisa E., Pascal, Mariona, Wesseling, Pieter, McCraw, Alexandra, Backes, Claudine, Bax, Heather J., Bergmann, Christoph, Bianchini, Rodolfo, Cari, Luigi, de las Vecillas, Leticia, Izquierdo, Elena, Lind‐Holm Mogensen, Frida, Michelucci, Alessandro, Nazarov, Petr V., Niclou, Simone P., Nocentini, Giuseppe, Ollert, Markus, and Preusser, Matthias
- Subjects
- *
GLIOMAS , *BIOMARKERS , *SYMPTOMS , *ALLERGIES , *CLINICAL immunology , *BRAIN tumors - Abstract
Epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between allergic diseases and cancer risk or prognosis in AllergoOncology. Some studies suggest an inverse association, but uncertainties remain, including in IgE‐mediated diseases and glioma. Allergic disease stems from a Th2‐biased immune response to allergens in predisposed atopic individuals. Allergic disorders vary in phenotype, genotype and endotype, affecting their pathophysiology. Beyond clinical manifestation and commonly used clinical markers, there is ongoing research to identify novel biomarkers for allergy diagnosis, monitoring, severity assessment and treatment. Gliomas, the most common and diverse brain tumours, have in parallel undergone changes in classification over time, with specific molecular biomarkers defining glioma subtypes. Gliomas exhibit a complex tumour‐immune interphase and distinct immune microenvironment features. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy hold promise for primary brain tumour treatment, but require more specific and effective approaches. Animal studies indicate allergic airway inflammation may delay glioma progression. This collaborative European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and European Association of Neuro‐Oncology (EANO) Position Paper summarizes recent advances and emerging biomarkers for refined allergy and adult‐type diffuse glioma classification to inform future epidemiological and clinical studies. Future research is needed to enhance our understanding of immune–glioma interactions to ultimately improve patient prognosis and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Assessing cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A guidance paper for studies using administrative data.
- Author
-
Johnston, Amy, Smith, Graeme N., Tanuseputro, Peter, Coutinho, Thais, and Edwards, Jodi D.
- Subjects
- *
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *PREGNANCY , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *PREECLAMPSIA , *HYPERTENSION , *RESEARCH questions , *PREGNANCY tests , *MATERNAL mortality - Abstract
Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and their association with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk represents a major public health concern. However, assessing CVD risk in women with a history of these conditions presents unique challenges, especially when studies are carried out using routinely collected data. Objectives: To summarise and describe key challenges related to the design and conduct of administrative studies assessing CVD risk in women with a history of HDP and provide concrete recommendations for addressing them in future research. Methods: This is a methodological guidance paper. Results: Several conceptual and methodological factors related to the data‐generating mechanism and study conceptualisation, design/data management and analysis, as well as the interpretation and reporting of study findings should be considered and addressed when designing and carrying out administrative studies on this topic. Researchers should develop an a priori conceptual framework within which the research question is articulated, important study variables are identified and their interrelationships are carefully considered. Conclusions: To advance our understanding of CVD risk in women with a history of HDP, future studies should carefully consider and address the conceptual and methodological considerations outlined in this guidance paper. In highlighting these challenges, and providing specific recommendations for how to address them, our goal is to improve the quality of research carried out on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Impact analysis of heart failure across European countries: an ESC‐HFA position paper
- Author
-
Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Petar Seferovic, Gianluigi Savarese, Ilaria Spoletini, Yuri Lopatin, Fin Gustafsson, Antoni Bayes‐Genis, Tiny Jaarsma, Magdy Abdelhamid, Arantxa Gonzalez Miqueo, Massimo Piepoli, Carlo G. Tocchetti, Arsen D. Ristić, Ewa Jankowska, Brenda Moura, Loreena Hill, Gerasimos Filippatos, Marco Metra, Davor Milicic, Thomas Thum, Ovidiu Chioncel, Tuvia Ben Gal, Lars H. Lund, Dimitrios Farmakis, Wilfried Mullens, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Michael Bohm, Anna Norhammar, Andreas Bollmann, Amitava Banerjee, Aldo P. Maggioni, Adriaan Voors, Alain Cohen Solal, and Andrew J.S. Coats
- Subjects
Heart failure ,Impact ,Epidemiology ,Prognosis ,Mortality ,Morbidity ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a long‐term clinical syndrome, with increasing prevalence and considerable healthcare costs that are further expected to increase dramatically. Despite significant advances in therapy and prevention, mortality and morbidity remain high and quality of life poor. Epidemiological data, that is, prevalence, incidence, mortality, and morbidity, show geographical variations across the European countries, depending on differences in aetiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment. However, data on the prevalence of the disease are scarce, as are those on quality of life. For these reasons, the ESC‐HFA has developed a position paper to comprehensively assess our understanding of the burden of HF in Europe, in order to guide future policies for this syndrome. This manuscript will discuss the available epidemiological data on HF prevalence, outcomes, and human costs—in terms of quality of life—in European countries.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Call for Papers : Ecosphere Announces New Subject Tracks
- Published
- 2018
14. Research on Heart Failure Detailed by a Researcher at National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (Ps-c02-6: A Protocol Paper For The New Health Guidance Initiatives of Heart Failure Aggravation Prevention Projects For Urban Residents in Japan)
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Physical fitness ,Heart failure -- Prevention ,Health - Abstract
2023 NOV 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Data detailed on heart failure have been presented. According to news reporting [...]
- Published
- 2023
15. Epidemiology of Meningococcal Disease in Four South American Countries and Rationale of Vaccination in Adolescents from the Region: Position Paper of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE)
- Author
-
Rodolfo Villena, Marco Aurelio Safadi, Ángela Gentile, Mónica Pujadas, Verónica De la Maza, Sergio George, and Juan Pablo Torres
- Subjects
Neisseria meningitidis ,meningococcal disease ,adolescents ,epidemiology ,vaccines ,South America ,Medicine - Abstract
Surveillance of meningococcal disease (MD) is crucial after the implementation of vaccination strategies to monitor their impact on disease burden. Adolescent vaccination could provide direct and indirect protection. Argentina, Brazil, and Chile have introduced meningococcal conjugate vaccines (MCV) into their National Immunization Programs (NIP), while Uruguay has not. Here, we analyze the epidemiology of MD and vaccination experience from these four South American countries to identify needs and plans to improve the current vaccination programs. Methodology: Descriptive study of MD incidence rates, serogroup distribution, case fatality rates (CFR), and MCV uptakes during the period 2010–2021 in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Data were extracted from national surveillance programs, reference laboratories, NIPs, and Pubmed. Results: MD overall incidence from 2010 to 2021 have a decreasing trend in Argentina (0.37 [IQR = 0.20–0.61]), Brazil (0.59 [IQR = 0.54–1.22]), and Chile (0.45 [IQR = 0.40–0.77]), while a significant increase in Uruguay (0.47 [IQR = 0.33–0.69]) was found from 2016 to 2019. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all countries sharply reduced their MD incidence. The highest incidence rates were observed among infants, followed by children 1–4 years of age. No second peak was evident in adolescents. A reduction in serogroup C, W, and Y cases has occurred in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile after introduction of MCV, serogroup B becoming predominant in all four countries. Median CFR was 9.0%, 21%, 19.9%, and 17.9% in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, respectively. Median uptake of MCV for Argentina and Brazil were 66.6% and 91.0% for priming in infants; 54.7% and 84.5% for booster in toddlers; and 47.5% and 53% for adolescents; while for Chile, 95.6% for toddlers. Conclusions: Experience after the implementation of MCV programs in South America was successful, reducing the burden of MD due to the vaccine serogroups. High vaccine uptake and the inclusion of adolescents will be crucial in the post-pandemic period to maintain the protection of the population. The increase in the proportion of serogroup B cases emphasizes the importance of continuous surveillance to guide future vaccination strategies.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. INSTITUTION INTERDISTRICT KADAMJAY CENTER FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE invites tenders for Purchasing Chemicals, Disinfectants and Adhesive Papers for Flies and Rodents
- Subjects
Purchasing ,Rodents ,Epidemiology ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
INSTITUTION INTERDISTRICT KADAMJAY CENTER FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE, Kyrgyzstan has invited tenders for Purchasing Chemicals, Disinfectants and Adhesive Papers for Flies and Rodents. Tender Notice [...]
- Published
- 2024
17. INSTITUTION INTERDISTRICT NARYN CENTER FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE invites tenders for Sticky Paper for Rodents (Glue Trap)
- Subjects
Rodents -- Control ,Epidemiology ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
INSTITUTION INTERDISTRICT NARYN CENTER FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE, Kyrgyzstan has invited tenders for Sticky Paper for Rodents (Glue Trap).. Tender Notice No: 240327435016189 Deadline: April [...]
- Published
- 2024
18. CENTER FOR STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE IN BISHKEK invites tenders for Culture Media, Chemical Reagents, Reagents, Office Paper, Consumables
- Subjects
Chemical tests and reagents ,Epidemiology ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
CENTER FOR STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE IN BISHKEK, Kyrgyzstan has invited tenders for Culture Media, Chemical Reagents, Reagents, Office Paper, Consumables. Tender Notice No: 240219428356435 Deadline: February 22, 2024 [...]
- Published
- 2024
19. MUMPS VIRUS VACCINES: WHO POSITION PAPER- MARCH 2024
- Subjects
Vaccination ,Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine ,Epidemiology ,Vaccines ,Mumps ,Health insurance ,Virus diseases ,News, opinion and commentary ,World Health Organization - Abstract
GENEVA, Switzerland -- The following information was released by the World Health Organization: Weekly epidemiological record No 11, 2024, 99, 115--134 14 March 2024 Overview Mumps position paper is concerned [...]
- Published
- 2024
20. Traumatic brain injury epidemiology and rehabilitation in Ireland: a protocol paper [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
- Author
-
Andrea Kwasky, Anthony Staines, Philip O'Halloran, Grainne McGettrick, Kate O'Donnell, Catherine Corrigan, Teresa Burke, and Andrea Healy
- Subjects
Traumatic Brain Injury ,TBI ,Head Injury ,Brain Injury ,Rehabilitation ,Epidemiology ,eng ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In Ireland, a dearth of research means that we neither know the number of people affected by TBI, nor have the required data to improve neuro-rehabilitation services. This is a study protocol to examine the epidemiology and pathways through rehabilitation for a cohort of TBI survivors in the Republic of Ireland. Aims: To document the epidemiological data of TBIs in Ireland. To explore the pathway of TBI survivors through rehabilitation/health services. To document the experiences of those providing care for TBI survivors in Ireland Methods: This is a quantitative cohort study. Existing routine datasets will be used to report epidemiological data. Participants with moderate or severe TBI will be recruited through two brain injury service providers, two acute hospitals that provide neurosurgical services, and the National Rehabilitation Hospital. Participants with TBI will be surveyed on two separate occasions, to explore their use of health and rehabilitation services. Those providing care or support to TBI survivors will be surveyed, on one occasion. Additionally, data from the medical records of TBI survivors will be extracted to capture key information about their TBI, such as mechanism of injury, severity, hospitalisation and follow-up. TBI survivors’ use of health care will be followed prospectively for six months. Expected outcomes: The epidemiological data of TBI in Ireland will be documented. Data on survivors’ experiences of how rehabilitation services are accessed, and any barriers encountered with rehabilitation/health services will be reported. The experiences of those providing care or support for TBI survivors will be captured. It is expected that the outcomes of the study will support advocacy efforts toward the redevelopment of neuro-rehabilitation services in the Republic of Ireland.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. An experimental comparison of web-push vs. paper-only survey procedures for conducting an in-depth health survey of military spouses
- Author
-
Hope Seib McMaster, Cynthia A. LeardMann, Steven Speigle, Don A. Dillman, and for the Millennium Cohort Family Study Team
- Subjects
Military ,Epidemiology ,Research ,Study methodology ,Survey ,Paper ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Previous research has found that a “web-push” approach to data collection, which involves contacting people by mail to request an Internet survey response while withholding a paper response option until later in the contact process, consistently achieves lower response rates than a “paper-only” approach, whereby all respondents are contacted and requested to respond by mail. Method An experiment was designed, as part of the Millennium Cohort Family Study, to compare response rates, sample representativeness, and cost between a web-push and a paper-only approach; each approach comprised 3 stages of mail contacts. The invited sample (n = 4,935) consisted of spouses married to U.S. Service members, who had been serving in the military between 2 and 5 years as of October, 2011. Results The web-push methodology produced a significantly higher response rate, 32.8% compared to 27.8%. Each of the 3 stages of postal contact significantly contributed to response for both treatments with 87.1% of the web-push responses received over the Internet. The per-respondent cost of the paper-only treatment was almost 40% higher than the web-push treatment group. Analyses revealed no meaningfully significant differences between treatment groups in representation. Conclusion These results provide evidence that a web-push methodology is more effective and less expensive than a paper-only approach among young military spouses, perhaps due to their heavy reliance on the internet, and we suggest that this approach may be more effective with the general population as they become more uniformly internet savvy.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. How Many People Live with Dementia in Portugal? A Discussion Paper of National Estimates
- Author
-
Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira, Ana Verdelho, Matthew Prina, Maria João Marques, and Miguel Xavier
- Subjects
dementia ,alzheimer disease ,epidemiology ,populational study ,community ,older people ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Dementia poses major public health challenges, and high-quality epidemiological data are needed for service planning. Published estimates of numbers of people with dementia in Portugal have been based, in most cases, on prevalence rates derived from international studies or expert consensus. As in many other countries, Portuguese community prevalence studies’ results are nongeneralizable to a country level. Moreover, their prevalence estimates differ (not surprisingly, owing to different methodologies, e.g., design, sampling, and diagnostic criteria). Regardless, the Portuguese 10/66 Dementia Research Group (10/66 DRG) population-based survey fulfilled 10 out of 11 Alzheimer’s Disease International quality criteria for prevalence studies. It relied on cross-culturally validated methods, fostering a wide comparability of results. Therefore, we can provide rough estimates of 217,549 community dwellers with dementia in Portugal according to the 10/66 DRG criteria (that would be only 85,162 according to DSM-IV criteria). This refers to people aged 65 years or older who are not institutionalized. Although broadly consistent with international projections, these estimates must be cautiously interpreted. Particularly in the context of scarce funding, which will probably last for years, we need more efficient, evidence-based dementia policies. Concerning further epidemiological studies, high-quality methods are needed but also their comparability potential should be improved at national and international levels. Most of all, fund allocation in Portugal should now privilege routine dementia information systems in both health and social services.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A review of the use of propensity score diagnostics in papers published in high-ranking medical journals
- Author
-
Emily Granger, Tim Watkins, Jamie C. Sergeant, and Mark Lunt
- Subjects
Covariate balance ,Confounding ,Propensity scores ,Diagnostics ,Epidemiology ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Propensity scores are widely used to deal with confounding bias in medical research. An incorrectly specified propensity score model may lead to residual confounding bias; therefore it is essential to use diagnostics to assess propensity scores in a propensity score analysis. The current use of propensity score diagnostics in the medical literature is unknown. The objectives of this study are to (1) assess the use of propensity score diagnostics in medical studies published in high-ranking journals, and (2) assess whether the use of propensity score diagnostics differs between studies (a) in different research areas and (b) using different propensity score methods. Methods A PubMed search identified studies published in high-impact journals between Jan 1st 2014 and Dec 31st 2016 using propensity scores to answer an applied medical question. From each study we extracted information regarding how propensity scores were assessed and which propensity score method was used. Research area was defined using the journal categories from the Journal Citations Report. Results A total of 894 papers were included in the review. Of these, 187 (20.9%) failed to report whether the propensity score had been assessed. Commonly reported diagnostics were p-values from hypothesis tests (36.6%) and the standardised mean difference (34.6%). Statistical tests provided marginally stronger evidence for a difference in diagnostic use between studies in different research areas (p = 0.033) than studies using different propensity score methods (p = 0.061). Conclusions The use of diagnostics in the propensity score medical literature is far from optimal, with different diagnostics preferred in different areas of medicine. The propensity score literature may improve with focused efforts to change practice in areas where suboptimal practice is most common.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Biological plausibility in environmental health systematic reviews: a GRADE concept paper
- Author
-
Paul Whaley, Thomas Piggott, Rebecca L. Morgan, Sebastian Hoffmann, Katya Tsaioun, Lukas Schwingshackl, Mohammed T. Ansari, Kristina A. Thayer, and Holger J. Schünemann
- Subjects
Systematic review ,Biological plausibility ,Surrogates ,Environmental health ,Toxicology ,Epidemiology ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Background: “Biological plausibility” is a concept frequently referred to in environmental and public health when researchers are evaluating how confident they are in the results and inferences of a study or evidence review. Biological plausibility is not, however, a domain of one of the most widely-used approaches for assessing the certainty of evidence (CoE) which underpins the findings of a systematic review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) CoE Framework. Whether the omission of biological plausibility is a potential limitation of the GRADE CoE Framework is a topic that is regularly discussed, especially in the context of environmental health systematic reviews. Objectives: We analyse how the concept of “biological plausibility”, as applied in the context of assessing certainty of the evidence that supports the findings of a systematic review, is accommodated under the processes of systematic review and the existing GRADE domains. Results and discussion: We argue that “biological plausibility” is a concept which primarily comes into play when direct evidence about the effects of an exposure on a population of concern (usually humans) is absent, at high risk of bias, is inconsistent, or limited in other ways. In such circumstances, researchers look toward evidence from other study designs in order to draw conclusions. In this respect, we can consider experimental animal and in vitro evidence as “surrogates” for the target populations, exposures, comparators and outcomes of actual interest. Through discussion of 10 examples of experimental surrogates, we propose that the concept of biological plausibility consists of two principal aspects: a “generalisability aspect” and a “mechanistic aspect”. The “generalisability aspect” concerns the validity of inferences from experimental models to human scenarios, and asks the same question as does the assessment of external validity or indirectness in systematic reviews. The “mechanistic aspect” concerns certainty in knowledge of biological mechanisms and would inform judgements of indirectness under GRADE, and thus the overall CoE. While both aspects are accommodated under the indirectness domain of the GRADE CoE Framework, further research is needed to determine how to use knowledge of biological mechanisms in the assessment of indirectness of the evidence in systematic reviews.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The role of selected environmental factors and the type of work performed on the development of urolithiasis – a review paper
- Author
-
Grzegorz Wróbel and Tadeusz Kuder
- Subjects
urolithiasis ,nephrolithiasis ,kidney stone ,epidemiology ,pathogenesis ,risk factors ,Medicine - Abstract
Urolithiasis is a disease of the genitourinary system, which is defined as the presence of urinary stones at any place in the urinary tract, resulting from the precipitation reaction of chemical compounds. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the important role of selected environmental factors (climate, ambient temperature) and the type of profession performed in the development of urolithiasis. In this field, the literature including original and review papers related to the epidemiology, pathogenesis and risk factors of urolithiasis was analyzed. The study used electronic databases such as Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The prevalence of urolithiasis has increased in recent decades in both developed and developing countries. It is believed that this growing trend is associated with lifestyle changes such as the lack of physical activity, poor eating habits and global warming. Many factors are responsible for the formation of urinary stones. In literature, there is a division into individual and environmental factors. Today, external factors in the form of climate changes (global warming), geographical conditions and seasonal fluctuations, and the type of profession performed are becoming more and more important in the context of the occurrence of urinary stones. Currently, the presence of urolithiasis is becoming a significant problem all over the world and searching for causes is not easy, but particular attention should be paid to certain predispositions resulting from environmental factors, such as ambient temperature and the type of work performed. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(6):761–75
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Monitoring Leishmania infantum Infections in Female Lutzomyia longipalpis by Using DNA Extraction on Cation Exchange Paper and PCR Pool Testing
- Author
-
Tiago Leonetti Coutinho, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson, Osias Rangel, Selma Giorgio, Kamila Cristina Silva, and Carlos Emilio Levy
- Subjects
diagnosis ,epidemiology ,Leishmania infantum ,Lutzomyia longipalpis ,minimum infection rate ,polymerase chain reaction ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis remains a serious public health issue, and Brazil was among the seven countries with the highest prevalence of this disease worldwide. The measures to control this disease are not easily developed, and the improvement of its diagnosis, surveillance, and control is still needed. This study aimed to carry out the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis of Leishmania infantum in vector samples in some municipalities of the State of São Paulo, which included two municipalities with human disease transmission and two with dog transmission only. Vectors were collected in traps with luminous bait. Next, they were killed at −4 °C and kept in 70% alcohol. Groups of ten female insects (pools) were mashed on cation exchange paper (fine cellulose phosphate with 18 µEq/cm² ionic exchange capacity) for DNA extraction. The PCR was carried out to identify the natural infection of the Leishmania genus in female Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lu. Longipalpis). Out of the 3,880 Lu. longipalpis phlebotomines, 1060 were female and 2820 were male (3:1). The method used to extract the DNA in pools of ten phlebotomines and the PCR resulted in sensitivity, specificity, practicality, and faster analyses when compared to the individual analysis method. The procedure described can be used on a large scale in the leishmaniasis epidemiological surveillance, enabling a higher number of analyses and the optimization of human resources because the traditional diagnostic method is carried out via desiccation of the insect digestive system and microscopic examination, which is time-demanding and there is the need of manual skills.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Cardiovascular disease in the literature: A selection of recent original research papers
- Author
-
AlJaroudi, Wael A. and Hage, Fadi G.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. A review of the use of propensity score diagnostics in papers published in high-ranking medical journals
- Author
-
Granger, Emily, Watkins, Tim, Sergeant, Jamie C., and Lunt, Mark
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. A-4 Paper
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for a-4 paper Major organization : FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF HEALTH 'CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY NO. 41 OF THE FEDERAL MEDIKO-BIOLOGICAL AGENCY' Address : 427620, [...]
- Published
- 2023
30. Printing Paper For Office Equipment
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Electronic office machines ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for printing paper for office equipment Major organization : FEDERAL BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF HEALTH 'CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE TOMSK REGION' Address : 634012, Tomsk [...]
- Published
- 2023
31. Electronic health records and COVID-19: Try that with your paper chart: Pandemic forces a shift in records handling and retention
- Author
-
Meer, Elana
- Subjects
Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Medical records ,Epidemiology ,Electronic records -- Innovations ,Workflow software ,Health - Abstract
COVID-19 challenged us to quickly implement new models of patient care, new data analytics, and greater information sharing. Although electronic health records (EHRs) have had mixed reviews, with a lot [...]
- Published
- 2021
32. FICCI-KPMG Paper on 'Strengthening Healthcare Workforce in India: the 2047 Agenda': Executive Summary
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Labor supply ,Business, international - Abstract
The shortage of healthcare workforce is expected to grow significantly in the coming decades as a result of a confluence of factors, including population growth, ageing, changing epidemiology and increased [...]
- Published
- 2022
33. Progress in Functional Urology Reflected in Recent Papers in the Journal of Clinical Medicine.
- Author
-
Michel, Martin C.
- Subjects
- *
CLINICAL medicine , *URINARY stress incontinence , *BENIGN prostatic hyperplasia , *OVERACTIVE bladder , *UROLOGY , *URINARY organs - Abstract
Benign conditions of the lower urinary tract, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder syndrome, and stress urinary incontinence, are frequent in the general population. Despite their benign nature, they have major adverse effects on the quality of life of the afflicted patients and their partners. Despite major progress in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions, improved understanding and management of these patients remain substantial medical needs. This editorial discusses some recent high-quality articles published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine on the understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic, and treatment of benign diseases of the lower urinary tract tissues such as the bladder and prostate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Paper towel test as independently self‐administered to quantify cough‐related urine loss: Compliance and comparisons with survey‐only data in SWAN.
- Author
-
Miller, Janis M., Hood, Michelle M., Karvonen‐Gutierrez, Carrie A., Richards‐McCullough, Kerry C., and Harlow, Sioban D.
- Subjects
PAPER towels ,URINE ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,URINARY incontinence - Abstract
Aims: The epidemiologic Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) includes urinary incontinence (UI) questionnaire items. We introduced an independently self‐administered paper towel test (PTT‐ISA; invention disclosure #2021‐347) to objectively demonstrate UI. Aims were to determine: (1) PTT‐ISA compliance and (2) relationship to questionnaire results. Methods: 276 community women were invited to complete both SWAN questionnaire and PTT‐ISA. For PTT‐ISA, a woman holds a trifold brown paper towel against her perineum while coughing hard three times. She checks the towel for wetness and compares it with pictorial showing wetted area gradations (dry towel through >6 ml/saturated). She then selects the best photo match for her towel. A newly conceptualized variable constructed as PTT‐ISA plus questionnaire results was formed. Results: Of 276 women, noncompliance with PTT‐ISA was 2.2% (6 women). Four others (1.5%) were missing questionnaires. For the remaining 266 women, conceptual cohesiveness between questionnaire‐only and PTT‐ISA + questionnaire was demonstrated in 165 (62.0%). Lack of cohesiveness occurred in 101 (38.9%), including 41 women who said "no" to the questionnaire item indicative of stress UI and had leakage on PTT‐ISA; leakage degree varied across the full pictorial spectrum from drops to saturated. Conclusion: PTT‐ISA demonstrates high compliance, with rate comparable to survey compliance. It is a novel measure for objective sign of urine loss when independently self‐administered by community women outside of a clinic environment. Further research comparing PTT‐ISA with clinician‐observed cough test is warranted. As independently self‐administered, PTT‐ISA is simple, noninvasive, inexpensive, and an acceptable test that adds value to otherwise survey‐dependent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Research Interest in ChatGPT and Other Natural Language Processing Tools from a Public Health Perspective: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
-
Favara, Giuliana, Barchitta, Martina, Maugeri, Andrea, Magnano San Lio, Roberta, and Agodi, Antonella
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,CHATGPT ,NATURAL language processing ,DATABASES ,PUBLIC health ,CONFERENCE papers - Abstract
Background: Natural language processing, such as ChatGPT, demonstrates growing potential across numerous research scenarios, also raising interest in its applications in public health and epidemiology. Here, we applied a bibliometric analysis for a systematic assessment of the current literature related to the applications of ChatGPT in epidemiology and public health. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted on the Biblioshiny web-app, by collecting original articles indexed in the Scopus database between 2010 and 2023. Results: On a total of 3431 original medical articles, "Article" and "Conference paper", mostly constituting the total of retrieved documents, highlighting that the term "ChatGPT" becomes an interesting topic from 2023. The annual publications escalated from 39 in 2010 to 719 in 2023, with an average annual growth rate of 25.1%. In terms of country production over time, the USA led with the highest overall production from 2010 to 2023. Concerning citations, the most frequently cited countries were the USA, UK, and China. Interestingly, Harvard Medical School emerges as the leading contributor, accounting for 18% of all articles among the top ten affiliations. Conclusions: Our study provides an overall examination of the existing research interest in ChatGPT's applications for public health by outlining pivotal themes and uncovering emerging trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Monitoring Leishmania infantum Infections in Female Lutzomyia longipalpis by Using DNA Extraction on Cation Exchange Paper and PCR Pool Testing.
- Author
-
Coutinho, Tiago Leonetti, Marson, Fernando Augusto Lima, Rangel, Osias, Giorgio, Selma, Silva, Kamila Cristina, and Levy, Carlos Emilio
- Subjects
- *
LEISHMANIA infantum , *LEISHMANIA mexicana , *LUTZOMYIA , *DIAGNOSTIC use of polymerase chain reaction , *VISCERAL leishmaniasis , *POLYMERASE chain reaction - Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis remains a serious public health issue, and Brazil was among the seven countries with the highest prevalence of this disease worldwide. The measures to control this disease are not easily developed, and the improvement of its diagnosis, surveillance, and control is still needed. This study aimed to carry out the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis of Leishmania infantum in vector samples in some municipalities of the State of São Paulo, which included two municipalities with human disease transmission and two with dog transmission only. Vectors were collected in traps with luminous bait. Next, they were killed at −4 °C and kept in 70% alcohol. Groups of ten female insects (pools) were mashed on cation exchange paper (fine cellulose phosphate with 18 µEq/cm² ionic exchange capacity) for DNA extraction. The PCR was carried out to identify the natural infection of the Leishmania genus in female Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lu. Longipalpis). Out of the 3,880 Lu. longipalpis phlebotomines, 1060 were female and 2820 were male (3:1). The method used to extract the DNA in pools of ten phlebotomines and the PCR resulted in sensitivity, specificity, practicality, and faster analyses when compared to the individual analysis method. The procedure described can be used on a large scale in the leishmaniasis epidemiological surveillance, enabling a higher number of analyses and the optimization of human resources because the traditional diagnostic method is carried out via desiccation of the insect digestive system and microscopic examination, which is time-demanding and there is the need of manual skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Supply Of Paper For Office Equipment
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Electronic office machines ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for supply of paper for office equipment Major organization : FEDERAL BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF SCIENCE 'NIZHNY NOVGOROD SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN [...]
- Published
- 2023
38. Supply Of Filter Paper
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for supply of filter paper Major organization : FEDERAL BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF HEALTH 'CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA' Address : 358007, Kalmykia, [...]
- Published
- 2023
39. Paper A-4
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for paper a-4 Major organization : FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF HEALTH 'CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY NO. 41 OF THE FEDERAL MEDIKO-BIOLOGICAL AGENCY' Address : 427620, [...]
- Published
- 2023
40. Supply Of Household Goods (paper, Towels, Napkins)
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for supply of household goods (paper, towels, napkins) Major organization : FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF HEALTH 'CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY NO. 51 OF THE FEDERAL [...]
- Published
- 2023
41. Provision For Kraft Paper Supply
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for kraft paper supply Major organization : FEDERAL BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF HEALTH 'CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE CHELYABINSK REGION' Address : 454091, Chelyabinsk region, Chelyabinsk [...]
- Published
- 2023
42. ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Considerations on in-hospital cardiological consultations and cardiology outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Author
-
Enzo Amodeo, Nadia Aspromonte, Pasquale Caldarola, Michele Massimo Gulizia, Massimo Imazio, Furio Colivicchi, Serafina Valente, Stefano Domenicucci, Giuseppina Maura Francese, Andrea Di Lenarda, Domenico Gabrielli, Fortunato Scotto di Uccio, Stefano Urbinati, Manlio Cipriani, Adriano Murrone, and Loris Roncon
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Cardiology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Ambulatory Care Facilities ,03 medical and health sciences ,Betacoronavirus ,0302 clinical medicine ,COVID-19 Testing ,Contagion risk ,Cardiological consultations ,Epidemiology ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Cardiology outpatient clinics ,Outpatient clinic ,Humans ,AcademicSubjects/MED00200 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Personal protective equipment ,Pandemics ,Referral and Consultation ,Infection Control ,business.industry ,Clinical Laboratory Techniques ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Articles ,medicine.disease ,Cardiovascular disease ,Telemedicine ,Cardiovascular emergencies ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Position paper ,Medical emergency ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Coronavirus Infections ,Algorithms - Abstract
Infections by SARS CoV2 - COVID-19 have become in a short time a worldwide health emergency. Due to cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 and to very frequent previous cardiovascular disorders of COVID-19 patients, it is presently crucial that Cardiologists are fully aware of COVID-19 related epidemiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic problems, in order to manage at best the present emergency by appropriate protocols developed on the basis of the competences acquired and shared on the field. The aim of this document is to propose algorithms for the management of cardiovascular diseases during COVID-19 emergency with the objective of providing patients with optimal care, minimizing contagion risk and appropriately managing personal protective equipment.
- Published
- 2020
43. Thousand-author papers, lab outbreaks and a prisoner exchange
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Brazil : Entries open for papers for the 17th National Exhibition of Successful Experiences in Epidemiology, Prevention and Disease Control
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Business, international - Abstract
Entries are open for the 17th National Exhibition of Successful Experiences in Epidemiology, Prevention and Control of Diseases (Expoepi) . Interested parties will be able to register their work until [...]
- Published
- 2023
45. Position paper supports inclusion of race and ethnicity in FRAX(R) models.
- Abstract
A position paper published by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) Working Group on Epidemiology and Quality of Life addresses the debate surrounding the inclusion of race and ethnicity adjustments in clinical algorithms. The paper argues that a single race-agnostic FRAX model for the US would unfairly discriminate against Black, Asian, and Hispanic communities and recommends the retention of ethnic and race-specific FRAX models for the US. The IOF Board and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) endorse this view. The paper emphasizes the importance of accurate risk assessment to ensure the best care for all patients. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
46. Scientific critique of the paper “Climatic distribution of citrus black spot caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa. A historical analysis of disease spread in South Africa” by Martínez-Minaya et al. (2015)
- Author
-
Fourie, Paul H., Schutte, Gerhardus C., Carstens, Elma, Hattingh, Vaughan, Paul, Ida, Magarey, Roger D., Gottwald, Tim R., Yonow, Tania, and Kriticos, Darren J.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Studying the context of psychoses to improve outcomes in Ethiopia (SCOPE): protocol paper
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Psychoses -- Patient outcomes ,Health - Abstract
2023 OCT 27 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained the [...]
- Published
- 2023
48. Delivery Of Office Paper
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for delivery of office paper Major organization : FEDERAL BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF HEALTH 'CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY' Address : 660100, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk, [...]
- Published
- 2023
49. Impact of sampling and data collection methods on maternity survey response: a randomised controlled trial of paper and push-to-web surveys and a concurrent social media survey
- Author
-
Harrison, S, Alderdice, F, and Quigley, MA
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Health Informatics - Abstract
Background Novel survey methods are needed to tackle declining response rates. The 2020 National Maternity Survey included a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and social media survey to compare different combinations of sampling and data collection methods with respect to: response rate, respondent representativeness, prevalence estimates of maternity indicators and cost. Methods A two-armed parallel RCT and concurrent social media survey were conducted. Women in the RCT were sampled from ONS birth registrations and randomised to either a paper or push-to-web survey. Women in the social media survey self-selected through online adverts. The primary outcome was response rate in the paper and push-to-web surveys. In all surveys, respondent representativeness was assessed by comparing distributions of sociodemographic characteristics in respondents with those of the target population. External validity of prevalence estimates of maternity indicators was assessed by comparing weighted survey estimates with estimates from national routine data. Cost was also compared across surveys. Results The response rate was higher in the paper survey (n = 2,446) compared to the push-to-web survey (n = 2,165)(30.6% versus 27.1%, difference = 3.5%, 95%CI = 2.1–4.9, p n = 1,316) were less representative of the target population compared to women in the paper and push-to-web surveys. For some maternity indicators, weighted survey estimates were close to estimates from routine data, for other indicators there were discrepancies; no survey demonstrated consistently higher external validity than the other two surveys. Compared to the paper survey, the cost saving per respondent was £5.45 for the push-to-web survey and £22.42 for the social media survey. Conclusions Push-to-web surveys may cost less than paper surveys but do not necessarily result in higher response rates. Social media surveys cost significantly less than paper and push-to-web surveys, but sample size may be limited by eligibility criteria and recruitment window and respondents may be less representative of the target population. However, reduced representativeness does not necessarily introduce more bias in weighted survey estimates.
- Published
- 2023
50. Scientific papers published by APHA in 2021
- Subjects
Drug resistance in microorganisms ,Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ,Epidemiology ,Livestock ,Business, international ,University of Oxford ,University of Surrey ,Addis Ababa University ,European Union ,University of Nottingham ,University of Cambridge - Abstract
London: UK Government has issued the following news release: A genomic epidemiological study shows that prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in enterobacterales is associated with the livestock host, as well as [...]
- Published
- 2023
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.