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Cognitive impairment (CI) is a type of mental health disorder that mainly affects cognitive abilities, such as learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. Currently, in clinical practice, the treatment of cognitive impairment mainly focuses on the application of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists; however, there is no specific and effective drug yet. Procatechuic acid (PCA) possesses various functions, including antibacterial, antiasthmatic, and expectorant effects. In recent years, it has received growing attention in the cognitive domain. Therefore, by summarizing the mechanisms of action of procatechuic acid in the treatment of cognitive impairment in this paper, it is found that procatechuic acid has multiple effects, such as regulating the expression of neuroprotective factors, inhibiting cell apoptosis, promoting the autophagy-lysosome pathway, suppressing oxidative stress damage, inhibiting inflammatory responses, improving synaptic plasticity dysfunction, inhibiting Aβ deposition, reducing APP hydrolysis, enhancing the cholinergic system, and inhibiting the excitotoxicity of neuronal cells. The involved signaling pathways include activating Pi3K-akt-mTor and inhibiting JNK, P38 MAPK, P38-ERK-JNK, SIRT1, and NF-κB/p53, etc. This paper aims to present the latest progress in research on procatechuic acid, including aspects such as its chemical properties, sources, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms for treating neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in the amount of images online, the whole Internet is becoming an image database. Since there are so many available images, it is difficult for users to find the desired images. Unlike text search engines, image search engines cannot fully recognize the visual meaning of an image. In addition, it is difficult to obtain the desired images from the keywords provided by the user, since a keyword may contain multiple meanings. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a psychological intention diagram of past users, if inquiring using a keyword, to predict the images that these users want. Based upon the novel psychological diagram, this paper proposes a search engine that analyzes images in the sequential probing of the current user if he/she inquires after the same keywords as previous users. Moreover, this paper also constructs a psychological intention diagram of the designers of the web pages containing the keyword. This type of psychological intention diagram is used when a query is not issued by past users. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first one considering the psychological viewpoint of users and web designers in guiding the retrieval of the search engine. The experimental results show that the proposed image search engine has high precision; therefore, the method of providing images can help users to find their desired image more easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to address how perceived social media agility can promulgate co-creation processes, such as co-production and value-in-use, and how it impacts brand-related outcomes. This study also addresses calls for marketing scholars to investigate the types of personality traits that affect these potential relationships by accounting for the impact of technology reflectiveness. Design/methodology/approach: This paper conducted an online survey with 321 adult subjects. The direct, indirect and conditional (moderation) effects were assessed using multivariate regression, various PROCESS models and the Johnson–Neyman technique (to probe the interaction terms). Additional supplemental analyses were conducted via PROCESS models. Findings: The results show that perceived social media agility directly and indirectly (through co-production and value-in-use) positively influences brand attachment and that the order of these two processes matters (co-production followed by value-in-use). Results also show that the positive impact of perceived social media agility on co-production and value-in-use deviates for customers high in technology reflectiveness but can be manipulated according to which process comes first. Originality/value: This paper expounds on the new construct of perceived social media agility by uniquely linking perceived social media agility to two distinct value co-creation processes (co-production and value-in-use) and brand-related outcomes while highlighting how consumer-specific traits can affect this relationship in a social media setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws parallels between William James' thought and Carl Gustav Jung's work in Psychological Types, showing that both provided epistemologies that strived to redefine the notion of scientific objectivity to incorporate the realm of psychological experience. Jung generally admired James' pragmatism and his pluralistic vision. He shared James' idea that philosophical (and, therefore, epistemological) positions were ultimately expressions of certain psychological attitudes, which meant that a psychological typology could be used to account for the "personal equations" of philosophers, scientists, and psychologists in particular. It will be shown that Jung borrowed from James the idea of a psychological typology as an epistemological method, which he believed would ensure a more complete understanding of scientific objectivity. Parallels will then be drawn between Jung's notion of the "problem of opposites" and James' concept of the "divided self," both of which were resolved through religion. Crucially, for both Jung and James, expanding the borders of science to include psychology also meant incorporating religious experience. Finally, this paper argues that Jung's epistemological project in Psychological Types effectively expanded on James' pragmatism by synthesising various elements of James's thought - pluralism, the personal equation, typology, and the divided self - into one epistemological framework. Jung's work thus provides an important case study for the history of pragmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article an internal-family-systems-informed view is proposed on the present development of western civilization, applying it to inter-cultural relationships on a broader level in order to render possible a proper unblending from our current culture, which can in time lead to the emergence of a self-culture, one that can encompass not a global perspective, but an empathetic one that takes into account and respects the specific needs behind the roles of previous and current cultures. It is the present paper's proposal that firefighter cultures are imperialistic dominant civilizations, characterized by self-harm and a politics of fear and a continual trial-and-error to make life more beautiful because unnatural. In contrast, manager agricultural cultures are focused on daily living tasks and, given their greatest resemblance to self, there is now a regressive movement of interest taken to agricultural or rural communities, perceived as maintaining their connection to nature and naturalness. This presents the most needed occasion to integrate and recuperate the humanity in our current culture, whose anti-humanism and dysfunctionality can be sensed ever more acutely. In an effort to update the parts about the self, this paper aims to view our current potentially falling empire culture as a protecting firefighter of an ultimate extreme (given that it most probably includes socially assessed self-harm and suicidal tendencies beyond any other previous civilization), that could highly use this information regarding its positive intention and the potential healing of the most painful wounds that it tried to protect from. In finding out what the current cultural part wants the self to know about, we might discover the desperation in suffering or the darkness of the unknown, and thus our role as firefighters in mankind's cultural struggle with legacy burdens such as fragility and unknowingness. Therefore, the present paper aims to propose a type of cultural psychological work that can redefine our ideal culture from one on endless profit and pleasure for everyone to one of continual awareness of unfolding systems models. We do not need to take our current culture to dissolution beyond hope if we acknowledge its firefighter tendencies to be honored in their attempt to protect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic interest in athletic performance is ongoing. To examine the correlation between athletic performance and athletes' personality types, data extraction in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was completed in October 2021, and a meta-analysis was performed using 180 data from 18 selected papers using the "meta" package version 4.8-4 of R Studio 3.3.3. As a result, these selected studies proved to have reliable quality in proceeding with this study via quality assessment. The overall effect of personality on athletic performance (AP) was ESr = 0.124, p < 0.01. Furthermore, only conscientiousness (ESr = 0.178, p < 0.001) and extroversion (ESr = 0.145, p < 0.01), among the five personality types, showed statistically significant results, and these two personality types had a positive correlation with performance. In the publication bias test, this study found that (a) agreeableness had a publication bias; but, with an additional test using trim-and-fill, (b) the effect was not significant enough to be considered. In addition, the analysis of the moderating effects was conducted in four aspects, and all moderating effect analyses showed statistically significant differences between the groups, demonstrating the heterogeneity of this study. Therefore, this study found a significant relationship between personality and athletic performance and showed the importance of conscientiousness and extroversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to extend the research domain of Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) beyond the hard issues by focusing on soft issues in S&OP processes. This paper aims to investigate how consciousness of different personality types can affect S&OP processes. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on a single longitudinal case study from a medium-sized enterprise with a data collection period of more than two years. This paper is based on observation and interviews gathered at several stages during pilot implementation and operation phases. Findings: This paper indicates that a focus on behavior using personality type theory and key behavioral indicators has provided a common framework for understanding how the S&OP process is impacted by different personalities and behavior. This knowledge has increased the awareness of which behavior sustains a silo mentality and which behavior breaks it down. Quotations are used to provide substance of this explorative topic. Research limitations/implications: As a single case study, this paper only provides results for analytical generalization. Practical implications: Consciousness of behavioral elements in S&OP processes is proposed here as a complement to key performance indicators as levers to implement and obtain sustained operation of S&OP. Originality/value: This paper is the first explicitly integrating personality type theory for a better understanding of implementing and operating S&OP processes. This paper contributes with a new understanding of S&OP success factors and how a common language may improve process efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual paper examines how Enneagram as a personality typing system could be adopted as a meta-model across multiple domains. The enneagram strategy is a structural typology that many organisations and individuals use to effectively understand their business profiles and interpersonal patterns, despite scholars showing concerns about its robustness and dynamism. This paper extends the argument as to how the mechanics of the Enneagram are intrinsically interrelated with (a) organisational systems and networks, (b) organisational grammar, (c) supply chains, and (d) creativity. It also emphasizes the importance/close association of the Enneagram tool with interdependence, business model, networks, statics, and system dynamics. The paper uses a combination of research methods (theoretical, exploratory, and descriptive) to evaluate the adaptability of the enneagram. The findings demonstrate that enneagram as a strategy could be applied to various business phenomena but requires more cross-domain empirical research. The enneagram can also be used to develop meta-models/toy models that can relate to the organisational outcomes by integrating tangible and intangible process assets. This paper reliably lays a set of principles/foundations to launch the enneagram approach to a complex, broad, systematic, and creative scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we research the phenomenon of early school leaving through the biography of school leavers. The participants were 14 individuals (five females and nine males) who had left school early before completing secondary education. The interviewees' discourse highlighted the mediating factors and the reasons for leaving school. Also, early school leavers are a heterogeneous group of individuals, where the diversity of their family's cultural capital has shaped different inclusion conditions in the Greek educational system. According to the typology of Nairz-Wirth and Gitschthaler, we identified four types of early school leavers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has triggered fundamental shifts in how people live, work and consume. The crisis stimulated varied responses that reflect consumer adaptations to COVID. These varied adaptations reveal consumer types based on their reactions. Are these reactions reflecting certain personality traces? With this premise, the paper investigates the potential influence of Big-Five Personalities on the consumer types that emerged out of COVID-19-induced circumstances across the globe. The sample size for this study was one hundred and thirty-four respondents. These personality traits and consumer types were identified and then compared. The consumer preferences and their purchase baskets were then analysed. This study identified four clusters of consumers referred to as consumer types, which were: worrier, individualist, activist and rationalist. No strong associations emerged between personality traits and consumer types, except agreeableness emerging as a common trait across consumer types. There was a similarity in consumer preferences and purchase baskets for all clusters and personality types. The behavioural homogeneity of consumers during this phase of COVID across the globe reassures earlier studies that certain environmental and social situations may moderate or reduce individual differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether students' personality types influence their performance in two masters-level accounting courses: one traditional lecture setting (Financial Accounting) and one active learning setting (Accounting Research). Research has shown that accounting student performance is related to personality types (Nourayi and Cherry 1993; Lawrence and Taylor 2000). However, the accounting profession is pushing for active learning to emphasize the importance of communication and critical thinking skills (Pincus, Stout, Sorensen, Stocks, and Lawson 2017). Our study is the first to relate personality types to performance in learning settings in the accounting area. We also extend prior personality type research to examine masters-level accounting student performance. We find that Extrovert students outperformed Introvert students in the active learning setting and Sensing students outperformed Intuitive students in the traditional lecture setting. Combining personality types into four personality temperaments and four MBTI cognitive function groups also resulted in significant effects on student performance. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the controversial diagnosis of children with ADHD, the neurobiological paradigm of ADHD became more and more criticized, especially by sociologists who considered this disorder a social construct and not a disease. Our paper focuses on the sociological research which outlines the well-shaped evidences of the ADHD social construct paradigm. This paradigm considers that ADHD is not a biological or psychiatric disorder, but rather it can be explained by environmental causes or even by the personality type. We will debate three ideas as evidence which sustain that ADHD is a social construct: teachers, and parents' contributions in the diagnosis of ADHD; the power of psychiatrists based (only) on diagnostic manuals criteria; and the pharmaceutic market as a "quick fix intervention" of disagreeable behaviors. We propose a different perspective on the diagnosis of ADHD, focusing on how external forces transformed this disorder in a social phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Big Five personality traits and their influence on entrepreneurial action have been repeatedly studied using a trait-based approach. The present paper partly deviates from this perspective by analysing the role of personality prototypes in relation to entrepreneurship. This person-centred approach suggests that combinations of Big Five traits form individual personalities. By using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we show that at least three prototypes can be identified, one of which — the resilient type — can be hypothesized to significantly increase the likelihood of entrepreneurial action. Our regression results provide evidence of a positive impact of this prototype on the likelihood of and transitioning into self-employment but not the likelihood of exit. We also show that the prototyping approach explains individual self-employment decisions over and above what can already be explained by the profiling approach, another person-centred Big Five approach. The paper concludes with implications for policy and research. Plain English Summary: Identifying entrepreneurial personalities — an improved person-centred approach to the Big Five personality traits advances our understanding of self-employment decisions. Previous studies emphasize a positive influence of the personality traits extraversion and openness on entrepreneurship. The present paper shows that the interaction of personality traits is also important. A resilient personality type that combines high values in the aforementioned traits with higher levels of conscientiousness, agreeableness and emotional stability has a positive impact on the likelihood to become self-employed. We also show that a resilient personality type explains self-employment decisions beyond what can already be explained by profiling, another person-centred Big Five approach. As a practical implication, advice from career or start-up consultants should not be based on profiling alone. Otherwise, too many entrepreneurs may be discouraged from their entrepreneurial endeavours. Generally speaking, self-employment decisions should incorporate personality aspects only as one among many relevant factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how artists and scientists use emotion as a methodological tool to study participants and cocreate projects. It uses a science and technology studies approach to identify a typology of five emotion assemblages and the material, social, and cultural components that make them operate. These assemblages include or eliminate cultural and environmental context, the role of participants, and artist/researcher reflexivity The paper argues that there is an imperative for artists, designers, and researchers to make deliberate choices as to who or what to include and exclude when working with emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The framework of this paper is behavioral finance and, more specifically, the analysis of the main anomalies (delay, magnitude and sign effects) present in the processes of intertemporal choice. To the extent of our knowledge, only the delay effect (also known as decreasing impatience) has been discriminated between moderately and strongly decreasing impatience. However, taking into account that anomalies must be explained from a psychological point of view, the main objective of this paper is to relate the aforementioned paradoxes with the four categories of temperaments (artisan, guardian, idealist and rational) by using the sixteen personality types derived from the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator and the Behavioral Investor Types. To do this, we will use the Analytic Hierarchy Process methodology in order to detect the different levels of impatience through the so-called hyperbolic factor. Indeed, the main contribution of this paper refers to an empirical application which complements the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguodidactica is the property of University of Bialystok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The role of personality in shaping engagement with aesthetics in science has been almost entirely unexplored. Whereas artists and arts settings (e.g., museums) are well-studied from a psychological perspective, the practice of science has often been seen as purely rational or dry. In response, this study presents novel findings on the critical role of scientists' individual differences, which shape their engagement with aesthetics, such as the frequency of their experiences of beauty, wonder, and awe in their scientific work. Methods: Based on a very large and representative four-country study of scientists in the fields of biology and physics (N = 3,092), this study analyzed the associations of Big Five personality traits among scientists with (i) dispositional aesthetics (DPES-awe), (ii) the frequency of aesthetic experiences in scientific work, and (iii) aesthetic sensitivity in science. These survey-weighted OLS regression models included extensive statistical controls for sociodemographic factors. Results: As hypothesized, openness is positively, and neuroticism is negatively linked with dispositional aesthetics, the frequency of aesthetic experiences in scientific work, and aesthetic sensitivity in science. Unexpectedly, agreeableness and conscientiousness (but not extraversion) are highly significant and strong predictors of the three trait and state aesthetic engagement variables. Discussion: The aesthetic engagement and personality framework of this paper is empirically supported and demonstrates the importance of personality types of scientists in the practice of science. The unexpectedly strong association of agreeableness with aesthetic engagement points to the importance of cooperation, collaboration, and communication to maximize scientific creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite an emerging understanding regarding the pivotal mechanistic role of subjective experiences that unfold during acute psychedelic states, very little has been done in the direction of better characterizing such experiences and determining their long-term impact. The present paper utilizes two cross-sectional studies for spotlighting -- for the first time in the literature -- the characteristics and outcomes of self-reported past experiences related to one's subjective sense of death during ayahuasca ceremonies, termed here Ayahuasca-induced Personal Death (APD) experiences. Methods: Study 1 (n = 54) reports the prevalence, demographics, intensity, and impact of APDs on attitudes toward death, explores whether APDs are related with psychopathology, and reveals their impact on environmental concerns. Study 2 is a larger study (n = 306) aiming at generalizing the basic study 1 results regarding APD experience, and in addition, examining whether APDs is associated with self-reported coping strategies and values in life. Results: Our results indicate that APDs occur to more than half of those participating in ayahuasca ceremonies, typically manifest as strong and transformative experiences, and are associated with an increased sense of transcending death (study 1), as well as the certainty in the continuation of consciousness after death (study 2). No associations were found between having undergone APD experiences and participants' demographics, personality type, and psychopathology. However, APDs were associated with increased self-reported environmental concern (study 1). These experiences also impact life in profound ways. APDs were found to be associated with increases in one's self-reported ability to cope with distress-causing life problems and the sense of fulfillment in life (study 2). Discussion: The study's findings highlight the prevalence, safety and potency of death experiences that occur during ayahuasca ceremonies, marking them as possible mechanisms for psychedelics' long-term salutatory effects in nonclinical populations. Thus, the present results join other efforts of tracking and characterizing the profound subjective experiences that occur during acute psychedelic states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of personality type and its impact on various facets of life has always generated a great deal of interest among researchers, academicians, and the public in general. This paper specifically explores the relationship between Type A personality and Type B personality with Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction. It also attempts to highlight the nature of the relation between Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction. The scales used in this study were Jenkins Activity Survey (Jenkins, Hames, Zyzanski, Rosenman, & Friedman, 1969); Job Satisfaction Scale (Spector, 1985); and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmnos, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). The data was collected from a sample of 60 working individuals in the age range of 25 years to 60 years. Quantitative analysis was carried out involving Descriptive Analysis, Correlation analysis and Independent samples t-test. Descriptive analysis showed that the mean score of Type B was much higher than Type A in Job Satisfaction. Even though a similar trend was observed with regard to Life Satisfaction, the difference was only marginal. t-test showed that Type Aand Type B differed significantly only on Job Satisfaction (p<0.05). Correlational analysis show a moderate positive relation between Job satisfaction and Life satisfaction (p<0.01). It can be inferred that as Personality types have a significant impact on an individual's Job Satisfaction, organizations need to conduct personality assessments of their employees and ensure their optimal placements. This will enhance utilization of full potential of the employees, build-up of positive job-related attitudes, workplace well-being and increase overall productivity. A favourable work environment and high job satisfaction will have a spillover effect on life satisfaction too. Hence, organizations will be benefitted by having employees experience subjective well-being and possess favourable work-related attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance a proactive perspective on business exit and develop a typology of exit strategies.Design/methodology/approach This is a research paper, which builds on extant theoretical and empirical research.Findings Business exit, along with entry, is an integral part of corporate strategy that a firm could utilize to reshuffle its business portfolio and embrace new opportunities. In today’s changing environment characterized by high uncertainty and high velocity, it becomes increasingly important for firms to manage business exit deliberately and proficiently. The traditional perspective which generally perceives exits as failures or responses to failures is no longer sufficient. A proactive perspective on exit could be advanced to better inform exit research and practice. Adopting the dynamic capabilities approach, this paper develops a typology of four exit strategies – retreat, redeploy, realign, and reconfigure – and examines the essential tasks of these strategies as well as the corresponding dynamic capabilities required for their successful implementation.Originality/value The proactive perspective advanced in this paper systematically coalesces and elaborates on extant research and formally advocates the importance and feasibility of proactive exit. The typology offered not only helps integrate the dynamic capabilities approach with exit research but also helps better inform exit practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are social animals, said Aristotle; it can also be described that humans are pro social beings. In our society helping others who are in need is positively and socially valued. In order to live peacefully, to develop and sustain good relationship, it is essential to sort the differences which arise and to help other people, who will in turn help them when in need, which is termed as Pro-social behaviour. A person who possesses a particular set of traits behave in a specific manner in the society. Individuals in order to engage in this act has a combined influence of heredity, social rewards, socialization, situational factors, moral reasons, personality traits etc. Personality refers to various cognitive and behavioural factors which are relatively enduring and influences an individual's interactions with the physical and social environments. With an immense research conducted in the field of personality led to the development of various theories and Big Five Factor model is one such theory which is widely accepted. In this research paper, an attempt is done to understand the type of personality traits which is susceptible in engaging towards pro social behaviour. A theoretical review is made in this paper about the relationship between pro social behaviour and the big five factor model of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze learning organization by comparing with other types of organizations. This typology is based on the levels of consciousness and relates each type of organization with a level of learning and an organizational structure.Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper based on the concept of levels of consciousness.Findings The paper proposes that learning organization requires the highest level of consciousness.Originality/value The paper uses the levels of consciousness to compare learning organization with other types of organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Many studies have investigated how the structure of the collaborative networks of researchers influences the nature of their work, and its outcome. Co-authorship networks (CANs) have been widely looked at as proxies that can help bring understanding to the structure of research collaborative ties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for describing what influences the formation of different research collaboration patterns.Design/methodology/approach The authors use social network analysis (SNA) to analyze the co-authorship ego networks of the ten most central authors in 24 years of papers (703 papers and 1,118 authors) published in the Proceedings of CASCON, a computer science conference. In order to understand what lead to the formation of the different CANs the authors examined, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with these authors.Findings Based on this examination, the authors propose a typology that differentiates three styles of co-authorship: matchmaking, brokerage, and teamwork. The authors also provide quantitative SNA-based measures that can help place researchers’ CAN into one of these proposed categories. Given that many different network measures can describe the collaborative network structure of researchers, the authors believe it is important to identify specific network structures that would be meaningful when studying research collaboration. The proposed typology can offer guidance in choosing the appropriate measures for studying research collaboration.Originality/value The results presented in this paper highlight the value of combining SNA analysis with interviews when studying CAN. Moreover, the results show how co-authorship styles can be used to understand the mechanisms leading to the formation of collaborative ties among researchers. The authors discuss several potential implications of these findings for the study of research collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper aims not only to provide evidence of the Jungian personality theory in the context of management through managers' lived experience but also to ask a deeper question of what this theory–practice coherence entails. Design/methodology/approach: Situated as preliminary, this study used a phenomenological approach to detail managerial accounts across four managers in an Indonesian higher education institution. A survey of personality types using an online Jungian-based personality assessment tool was conducted, followed by an in-depth interview with selected managers. Findings: The study provides the following evidence: the coherence between the perceived managerial practices and the theorized cognitive processes of each personality type and between the way the instrument measures personality types and the theorized cognitive processes. Research limitations/implications: While the study faces an issue of data saturation, given the sample size, the study has conducted the process of triangulation by sampling managers with resembling cognitive processes as theorized (INTJ, with ENTJ; ISFJ with ESFJ). A broader implication is around the use of qualitative, phenomenological approach to the study of personality types and cognitive processes. Practical implications: Promoting diverse ways of managing based on personality types, this paper includes implications specifically for developing managers in charge of core business processes in terms of flexibility when managing and leading a team. Originality/value: This paper presents an account of how personality types (through their dominant cognitive functions) resonate with real-life managerial practices, connecting the descriptive nature of personality types and the normative nature of management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental task classification (MTC), based on the electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a demanding brain–computer interface (BCI). It is independent of all types of muscular activity. MTC-based BCI systems are capable to identify cognitive activity of human. The success of BCI system depends upon the efficient feature representation from raw EEG signals for classification of mental activities. This paper mainly presents on a novel feature representation (formation of most informative features) of the EEG signal for the both, binary as well as multi MTC, using a combination of some statistical, uncertainty and memory- based coefficient. In this work, the feature formation is carried out in the two stages. In the first stage, the signal is split into different oscillatory functions with the help of three well-known empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithms, and a new set of eight parameters (features) are calculated from the oscillatory function in the second stage of feature vector construction. Support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the feature vectors obtained corresponding to the different mental tasks. This study consists the problem formulation of two variants of MTC; two-class and multi-class MTC. The suggested scheme outperforms the existing work for the both types of mental tasks classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has, in the space of 50 years, evolved into the dominant modality in psychological therapy. Mechanism/s of change remain unclear, however. Aims: In this paper, we will describe key features of CBT that account for the pace of past and future developments, with a view to identifying candidates for mechanism of change. We also highlight the distinction between 'common elements' and 'mechanisms of change' in psychological treatment. Method: The history of how behaviour therapy and cognitive therapy developed are considered, culminating in the wide range of strategies which now fall under the heading of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). We consider how the empirical grounding of CBT has led to the massive proliferation of effective treatment strategies. We then consider the relationship between 'common factors' and 'mechanisms of change', and propose that a particular type of psychological flexibility is the mechanism of change not only in CBT but also effective psychological therapies in general. Conclusion: Good psychological therapies should ultimately involve supporting people experiencing psychological difficulties to understand where and how they have become 'stuck' in terms of factors involved in maintaining distress and impairment. A shared understanding is then evaluated and tested with the intention of empowering and enabling them to respond more flexibly and thereby reclaim their life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper aimed to study the association of type D personality, coping strategies, and cognitive appraisal with annual prognosis after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: The prospective study included 111 CAD patients who underwent a PCI. All participants, before the PCI, completed questionnaires designed to collect information about type D personality, cognitive appraisal, and coping styles. Information was also collected on the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients. After 1 year of follow-up, the presence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) was assessed. Results: The presence of a MACE was noted in 38 patients, and the absence of a MACE was noted in 53 patients. In patients with type D personality, higher incidences of MACEs (54.1% versus 33.3%; p = 0.0489) and hospitalization rates (29.7% versus 7.4%; p = 0.004) were revealed. Patients with poor prognoses preferred a moderate use of the confrontation strategy than patients without a MACE (78.4% vs. 50.9%; p = 0.0082). Patients with MACEs had statistically significantly lower indicators of strong emotions (11.92 ± 5.32 versus 14.62 ± 4.83 points; p = 0.005) and future prospects (11.36 ± 3.81 versus 13.21 ± 3.41 points; p = 0.015) than patients without a MACE. In a multiple binary logistic regression model, the following factors had significant associations with MACE development: type D, moderate use of confrontation coping, moderate use of self-control coping, and strong emotions in cognitive appraisal. Conclusion: This study showed that not only personality type D, but also certain coping strategies and cognitive appraisals increase the likelihood of developing a MACE after a PCI. This provides a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism underlying type D personality and MACEs in patients after a PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Management Studies is the property of Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper challenges the language of "interdisciplinarity," suggesting "pluralistic collaboration" as a better alternative. Interdisciplinarity, team science, and transdisciplinarity frame academic and problem-focused collaborations narrowly, overemphasizing epistemology, downplaying extra-disciplinary divides and nonacademic collaborators, and either ignoring or psychologizing individual-level phenomena. We first paint a picture of the tensions and divides that exist in pluralistic collaborations, in three dimensions—epistemic, cultural, and normative—using a series of literature reviews to simultaneously map and extend these dimensions. We then introduce and explore a fourth dimension—academic work styles. Individual level considerations of collaboration in the literature generally rely on psychological types. We explore what a more sociologically oriented approach to individual dynamics within collaborations would look like by identifying and exploring four general academic work styles: isolationist, imperialist, pragmatist, and pluralist. We conclude by emphasizing and reflecting on pluralistic collaboration. Pluralism exists along a range of dimensions, and pluralizing or homogenizing different dimensions (pluralizing pluralism) can produce diverse effects on the outcome of interdisciplinary collaboration. While we thus advocate for pluralism along a greater range of dimensions when addressing complex problems, we suggest that over-pluralization can be a problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This purpose of this study is to provide a spectrum to illustrate all applicable response strategies towards brand crisis management. A qualitative systematic method is adopted to review 128 relevant papers and synthesized in a brand crisis response typologies continuum. The findings were illustrated in the continuum which includes two main categories - primary response group with seven levels ranked lowest to highest by organizational involvement and responsibility, and secondary response group such as bolstering). This research result might enrich the current literature of brand crisis management which is fragmented and provide a clear guideline so that scholars and practitioners might track all pertinent solutions depending on low to high level of brands' effort towards handling problems. Recognizing the discrepancy among response strategies, marketers and branders can choose either singular or merged solutions shown in the map to form a timely response to brand crisis, which is the main factor to crisis response success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an earlier paper published in a neutrosophic math journal (IJNS), we discussed a new approach to technology, which may be called as 'opti-realism' or 'pess-optimism' as alternative to utopianism based on technocracy, which may lead the world into global technototalitarianism. In this article, we submit a new approach to Nature and technology, which is more modest and humble, rather than a techno-utopianism version of reality that most futurists argue for. Our proposed approach resembles more to Myer-Briggs 16 types of personality, including IJNS, IFNS etc. In our scheme, there are 8 characters of approach toward technology which can lead to many variations or we call it 'Permutation." Of course, if the readers ask one variation that we prefer, we would answer: Small Tech, High Touch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades an increasing number of research papers have signalled growing interest in more responsible, sustainable and ethical modes of management education. This systematic literature review of peer-reviewed publications on, and allied to, the concept of responsible management learning and education (RMLE) confirms that scholarly interest in the topic has accelerated over the last decade. Rather than assuming that RMLE is one thing, however, this review proposes that the literature on responsible management education and learning can be divided into four distinct categories: (1) Teaching Responsible Management; (2) Organizing for Responsible Education; (3) Responsible Individual Learning, and; (4) Responsible Organizational Learning. Although the literature on RMLE has grown, work on how managers learn responsible management in organizational or workplace settings, particularly without the intervention of external educational providers, is minimal. The Special Issue of the Journal of Business Ethics is the first to address this significant lacuna. The vast majority of published peer-reviewed research is related to organizational provider-centric organizing for responsible management education. Each category is explored and the implications of organizing the literature this way for the field of RMLE are discussed. Finally, an agenda for future research and theory development on RMLE is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper used meta-regression to analyze the heterogenous factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in China under the COVID-19 crisis. Method: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medrxiv and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence rates, and ran meta-regression to tease out the key sources of the heterogeneity. Results: The meta-regression results uncovered several predictors of the heterogeneity in prevalence rates among published studies, including severity (e.g., above severe vs. above moderate, p < 0.01; above moderate vs. above mild, p < 0.01), type of mental symptoms (PTSD vs. anxiety, p = 0.04), population (frontline vs. general HCWs, p < 0.01), sampling location (Wuhan vs. Non-Wuhan, p = 0.04), and study quality (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The meta-regression findings provide evidence on the factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to guide future research and evidence-based medicine in several specific directions. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display%5frecord.php?RecordID=220592, identifier: CRD42020220592. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The whole approach of this paper revolves around the theme of employee motivation, having as the main objective to establish notable associations and implications that are worthy of being taken into account by the manager in establishing the appropriate motivational factors for employees. The purpose is to study the degree of association between the type of employer, private or public, and the type of personality of employees, namely proactive personality or not. To achieve this goal, it is propose a new mathematical method of statistical research using a coupling of the verifing statistical hypotheses tests regarding the determination of the error risk, this one being therefore calculated by a linear expression of the individual error risks. Also, is provided a series of results obtained from the processing of data observed through a survey study, results that lead to some motivational managerial implications. Being carried out during the current year, the survey certainly supplied observed data that were in accord with the actual economic and social context. Therefore, it should be emphasized that the two characteristics of interest pursued in this study, the type of employer and the proactive personality or not, were investigated for Romanian employees of companies operating in uncertain economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of technology in higher education has increased rapidly in recent years to allow for remote work and to promote active learning. Technology use could align with personality type and adopter status as defined by the diffusion of innovations theory. A review of the literature was conducted using PubMed with 106 articles found, and 2 articles meeting the inclusion criteria of the study. Search terms included "technology AND education", "pharmacy AND personality", "technology AND faculty AND personality", and "technology AND health educators AND personality". This paper highlights the current literature and introduces a new classification system to describe the technology personalities of instructors. The proposed personality types (TechTypes) include expert, budding guru, adventurer, cautious optimist, and techy turtle. Awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of each personality type—as well as one's own technology personality—may guide the selection of collaborators and tailor technology training for future growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People have different ways of thinking, feeling, and hence acting, which resulted in different personalities. Understanding one's personality and how it can be automatically identified considering the way he/she communicates to the world around can be challenging; but it can also be useful in many cases. Deep learning algorithms perform fairly well in text-based personality detection. However, many computational personality assessment models rely on limited domain knowledge. There are different personality models for classifying personality traits according to the definitions of psychologists. In this paper, we focus on the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) model and explain how a two-stage deep neural model for personality identification can use more information from text and therefore, have better performance in classifying input data. To this end, in the first stage, we use capsule neural networks to extract meaningful hidden patterns from word-level semantic representation to be used for calculating personality traits. Moreover, in the second stage of the proposed architecture, we benefit from contextualized document-level representation of text as well as statistical psychological features. Our experimental results on the Myers–Briggs Personality Type dataset from Kaggle which has been labeled based on the MBTI model show improvement in personality identification compared to the state-of-the-art models in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current debates about cultural change question how and how often change in personal culture happens. Is personal culture stable, or under constant revision through interaction with the environment? While recent empirical work finds attitudes are remarkably stable, this paper argues that typifications—how material tokens are classified as a particular mental type by individuals—are more open to transformation as a result of the fundamentally fuzzy nature of classifying. Specifically, this paper investigates the social conditions that lead people to reclassify. How do we move people to see the same thing differently over time? Paying attention to type–token dynamics provides mechanisms for why and under what circumstances personal culture may change. To assess reclassification, the paper analyzes an online survey experiment that asked people to classify refrigerators as owned by "Trump" or "Biden" voters. Those participants who received definitive feedback about the correct answer were more likely to reclassify than are those receiving normative feedback about how "most people" classified the images. Implications for cultural change and persuasion are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Awarding joint or sole custody is of crucial importance for the lives of both the child and the parents. This paper first models the factors explaining a court's decision to grant child custody and later tests the predictive capacity of the proposed model. We conducted an empirical study using data from 1,884 court rulings, identifying and labeling factual elements, legal principles, and other relevant information. We developed a neural network model that includes eight factual findings, such as the relationship between the parents and their economic resources, the child's opinion, and the psychological report on the type of custody. We performed a temporal validation using cases later in time than those in the training sample for prediction. Our system predicted the court's decisions with an accuracy exceeding 85%. We obtained easy-to-apply decision rules with the decision tree technique. The paper contributes by identifying the factors that best predict joint custody, which is useful for parents, lawyers, and prosecutors. Parents would do well to know these findings before venturing into a courtroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the study of the feature extraction algorithm based on the multiple empirical mode decomposition of the Duffing equation, this paper proposes a corresponding improved algorithm, completes the identification and analysis of the psychological pressure dimension space under the audiovisual induction method, and designs two typical psychological types of music and pictures. Based on the stress induction experiment, an audiovisual-induced psychological stress recognition system based on EEG (electroencephalogram) signals was built. Aiming at the problem that the spatial uniform sampling method cannot well reflect the dynamic characteristics of the multivariate EEG signal, based on the Duffing equation, a nonuniform sampling algorithm that adaptively selects the projection direction is proposed. At present, the use of the Duffing equation to detect weak unknown signals is to select a set of fixed parameters. Analysis of these two aspects to determine the parameters of the system is based on the parameter analysis of the Duffing equation oscillator. Due to the sensitivity of the Duffing equation to the initial value, the choice of parameters has a great influence on the detection effect. In response to this situation, the relationship between the parameters and initial values of the Duffing equation is analyzed. From the relationship between the parameters and the initial values, the influence of different parameters on the detection effect is analyzed to verify the superiority of the current equation parameters. First, the multichannel EEG signal is nonuniformly sampled multiempirical modal decomposition, and an effective intrinsic modal function is selected to extract the mental stress EEG characteristics. Experimental results show that the EEG signal recognition algorithm based on the Duffing equation effectively extracts EEG signal features and improves the classification accuracy of mental stress EEG signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current literature on personality types--understood as basic configurations of the Big Five's personality traits--provides inconsistent results. The most commonly reported, three-type RUO (Resilient-Undercontrolled-Overcontrolled) solution is not definitive, as other solutions are also" often obtained. The current paper starts from reviewing and discussing the inconsistencies found in the previous results as well as in the RUO typology itself. The prevalence of an exploratory orientation in research on personality type was interpreted as the main cause of these problems. Then, we proposed a solution by using the Two Factor Model of personality and its extension--the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits--as the theoretical foundation for a four-type RUNO typology (Resilient-Undercontrolled-Nonresilient-Overcontrolled). The paper presents the RUNO personality typology and its theoretical consequences - in particular, we argue that the RUNO (a) is the most theoretically justified, and therefore, empirically expected solution, (b) allows us to explain why the three-type RUO solution is so commonly obtained, and (c) helps to solve some other problems that have arisen in the literature (e.g., with "typeness"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of social media services has led to an increase of personality-relevant data in online spaces. While the majority of people who use these services tend to express their personality through measures offered by the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), another personality model known as the Big Five has been a dominant paradigm in academic works that deal with personality research. In this paper, we seek to bridge the gap between the MBTI, Big Five and another personality model known as the Enneagram of Personality, with the goal of increasing the amount of resources for the Big Five model. We further explore the relationship that was previously reported between the MBTI types and certain Big Five traits as well as test for the presence of a similar relationship between Enneagram and Big Five measures. We propose a new method relying on psycholingusitc features selected based on their relationship with the MBTI model. This approach showed the best performance through our experiments and led to an increase of up to 3% in automatic personality recognition for Big Five traits on the per-trait level. Our detailed experimentation offers further insight into the nature of personality and into how well it translates between different personality models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews the current trends of research in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) as a subfield of Applied Linguistics. Through an extensive review of literature and an undertaking process of data collection, 15 books, 6 book chapters, and 347 research articles (RAs) were analyzed for identifying the major issues in EAP. Drawing upon the grounded approach, it was found that Academic Writing, Curriculum Development, and Critical EAP were the most challenging issues in EAP studies. Each of the research themes subsumed important issues such as genre analysis and approaches to teaching academic writing for Academic Writing; discussions on standard variety of English in academic contexts and practice of EAP among local students and teachers for Curriculum Development; and, critical thinking and pragmatism for Critical EAP. These issues and challenges explained in this paper hoped to be helpful for EAP to be matured as a field, and see itself in charge of preparing students to hold new roles both in academic and cultural contexts. However, it is acknowledged that, the concerns and issues are still unresolved and further research is needed for responding to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are persons or groups of persons who have been forced to leave their homes or places of habitual residence in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border. IDPs experiences risk of physical attack, sexual assault, and abduction and frequently are deprived of adequate shelter, food and health. Thus experiencing traumatic events can cause different types of mental health disorders among the IDPs populations. Mental disorders are conditions that causes disturbance in thinking, feeling, mood, and behavior. Depression, anxiety, PTSD, etc. are the mental health issues which are very much common among the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS). Numerous literatures have indicated that individuals who were internally displaced experienced higher rates of mental health problems than people who were not displaced. In this backdrop, the present paper is an attempt to provide a systematic review of evidence about the mental health issues of the IDPs across the globe. Further this study also tries to suggest some measures for enhancing mental health and well-being of Internally Displaced Persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]