298 results
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2. International Education in a World of New Geopolitics: A Comparative Study of US and Canada. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.5.2022
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education (CSHE) and Desai Trilokekar, Roopa
- Abstract
This paper examines how international education (IE) as a tool of government foreign policy is challenged in an era of new geopolitics, where China's growing ambitions have increased rivalry with the West. It compares U.S. and Canada as cases first, by examining rationales and approaches to IE in both countries, second, IE relations with China before conflict and third, current controversies and government policy responses to IE relations with China. The paper concludes identifying contextual factors that shape each country's engagement with IE, but suggests that moving forward, the future of IE in a world of new geopolitics is likely to be far more complex and conflictual.
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- 2022
3. Entrepreneurial Learning in TVET. Discussion Paper
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UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (Germany) and McCallum, Elin
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As a result of its direct link to the labour market, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) plays an important role in equipping the modern workforce with in-demand skills. This discussion paper aims to inspire the introduction of entrepreneurial learning in TVET towards a fully mainstreamed approach, whereby entrepreneurial learning is integrated into the role, function and delivery of TVET systems for the benefit of all learners. The paper provides insight into the different approaches to mainstreaming entrepreneurial learning and illustrates the contribution of the key pillars that make up the entrepreneurial learning ecosystem. This is supported by a series of practical examples from TVET systems around the world, illustrating how entrepreneurial learning is being transformed into reality by governments, TVET systems, communities, networks, institutions, teachers, trainers and TVET learners. This paper explores five elements of the entrepreneurial learning ecosystem: (1) Developing policy for entrepreneurial learning; (2) Curricula and pedagogies; (3) Supporting teachers and trainers; (4) Learning modes other than formal curricula; and (5) Career paths and start-ups.
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- 2019
4. Indicators of Teenage Career Readiness: An Analysis of Longitudinal Data from Eight Countries. OECD Education Working Papers. No. 258
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Covacevich, Catalina, Mann, Anthony, Santos, Cristina, and Champaud, Jonah
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The aim of the OECD Career Readiness project is to identify patterns of teenage attitudes and activities that are associated with better transitions into employment by analysing multiple national longitudinal datasets. This paper looks for further evidence of the link between teenage activities, experiences and career-related thinking and adult career outcomes by analysing 10 new datasets from eight countries. Overall, the results of this paper find further evidence that secondary school students who explore, experience and think about their futures in work frequently encounter lower levels of unemployment, receive higher wages and are happier in their careers as adults. The findings of this paper are analysed together with the evidence from the two previous working papers of the Career Readiness project, concluding that there is international evidence to support 11 out of the 14 potential indicators that were explored as indicators of career readiness.
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- 2021
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5. The Economic Impacts of Learning Losses. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 225
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Hanushek, Eric A., and Woessmann, Ludger
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The worldwide school closures in early 2020 led to losses in learning that will not easily be made up for even if schools quickly return to their prior performance levels. These losses will have lasting economic impacts both on the affected students and on each nation unless they are effectively remediated. While the precise learning losses are not yet known, existing research suggests that the students in grades 1-12 affected by the closures might expect some 3 percent lower income over their entire lifetimes. For nations, the lower long-term growth related to such losses might yield an average of 1.5 percent lower annual GDP for the remainder of the century. These economic losses would grow if schools are unable to re-start quickly. The economic losses will be more deeply felt by disadvantaged students. All indications are that students whose families are less able to support out-of-school learning will face larger learning losses than their more advantaged peers, which in turn will translate into deeper losses of lifetime earnings. The present value of the economic losses to nations reach huge proportions. Just returning schools to where they were in 2019 will not avoid such losses. Only making them better can. While a variety of approaches might be attempted, existing research indicates that close attention to the modified re-opening of schools offers strategies that could ameliorate the losses. Specifically, with the expected increase in video-based instruction, matching the skills of the teaching force to the new range of tasks and activities could quickly move schools to heightened performance. Additionally, because the prior disruptions are likely to increase the variations in learning levels within individual classrooms, pivoting to more individualised instruction could leave all students better off as schools resume. As schools move to re-establish their programmes even as the pandemic continues, it is natural to focus considerable attention on the mechanics and logistics of safe re-opening. But the long-term economic impacts also require serious attention, because the losses already suffered demand more than the best of currently considered re-opening approaches.
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- 2020
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6. The Relevance of General Pedagogical Knowledge for Successful Teaching: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the International Evidence from Primary to Tertiary Education. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 212
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Ulferts, Hannah
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This systematic review investigates the relevance of general pedagogical knowledge for successful teaching. It synthesises the empirical evidence of 10 769 teaching professionals and 853 452 students from primary to tertiary education in 21 countries. The meta-analysis of 20 quantitative studies revealed significant effects for teaching quality and student outcomes (Cohen's d = 0.64 and 0.26), indicating that more knowledgeable teachers achieve a three-month additional progress for students. The three themes emerging from 31 qualitative studies underline that general pedagogical knowledge is a crucial resource for teaching. Results also show that teaching requires knowledge about a range of topics, specific skills and other competences to transform knowledge into practice. Teachers need training and practical experience to acquire knowledge, which they apply according to the pedagogical situation at hand. The results allow for important conclusions for policy, practice and research.
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- 2019
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7. Study Abroad and Student Mobility: Stories of Global Citizenship. Research Paper No. 21
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University College London (UCL) (United Kingdom), Development Education Research Centre (DERC), Blum, Nicole, and Bourn, Douglas
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The opportunity to study abroad is broadly hailed as a route for young people to develop a wide range of knowledge and skills, including intercultural understanding, interpersonal skills, and language learning, among many others. Universities around the world are investing significant resources in developing a variety of study abroad programmes, ranging from short or long term in duration, and from guided to independent study. These may have a number of aims, including to promote individual student learning and development and to enhance student mobility and employability, particularly in the context of a rapid and changeable global employment market. The terms 'global citizen', 'global graduate', 'global skills' and 'global mindset' have all taken on increased significance within this context. Limited research has been conducted, however, to explore students' own perspectives of these terms. This small scale study therefore set out to explore the perspectives of students on UCL's BASc programme and especially to better understand where and how the learning they gained during study abroad resonates with UCL's global citizenship and student mobility strategies. [Funding was provided by the UCL Global Engagement Office (GEO).]
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- 2019
8. Proceedings of International Conference on Humanities, Social and Education Sciences (iHSES) (Denver, Colorado, April 13-16, 2023). Volume 1
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International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Mack Shelley, Mevlut Unal, and Sabri Turgut
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The aim of the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (iHSES) conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education" and "social sciences." It is organized for: (1) faculty members in all disciplines of humanities, education and social sciences; (2) graduate students; (3) K-12 administrators; (4) teachers; (5) principals; and (6) all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
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- 2023
9. Global Progress in Oil and Gas Well Research Using Bibliometric Analysis Based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace.
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Zhang, Pan, Du, Yongjun, Han, Sijie, and Qiu, Qingan
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PETROLEUM industry ,GAS wells ,OIL well cementing ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences ,MATERIALS science ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,OIL wells - Abstract
Studies related to oil and gas wells have attracted worldwide interest due to the increasing energy shortfall and the requirement of sustainable development and environmental protection. However, the state of oil and gas wells in terms of research characteristics, technological megatrends, article-produced patterns, leading study items, hot topics, and frontiers is unclear. This work is aimed at filling the research gaps by performing a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 6197 articles related to oil and gas wells published between 1900 and 2021. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used as the main data analysis and visualization tools. The analysis shows that the annual variation of article numbers, interdisciplinary numbers, and cumulative citations followed exponential growth. Oil and gas well research has promoted the expansion of research fields such as engineering, energy and fuels, geology, environmental sciences and ecology, materials science, and chemistry. The top 10 influential studies mainly focused on shale gas extraction and its impact on the environment. More studies were produced by larger author teams and inter-institution collaborations. Elkatatny and Guo have greatly contributed to the application of artificial intelligence in oil and gas wells. The two most contributing institutions were the Southwest Petr Univ and China Univ Petr from China. The People's Republic of China, the US, and Canada were the countries with the most contributions to the development of oil and gas wells. The authoritative journal in engineering technology was J Petrol Sci Eng, in environment technology was Environ Sci Technol, in geology was Aapg Bull, and in materials was Cement Concrete Res. The keyword co-occurrence network cluster analysis indicated that oil well cement, new energy development, machine learning, hydraulic fracturing, and natural gas and oil wells are the predominant research topics. The research frontiers were oil extraction and its harmful components (1992–2016), oil and gas wells (1997–2016), porous media (2007–2016), and hydrogen and shale gas (2012–2021). This paper comprehensively and quantitatively analyzes all aspects of oil and gas well research for the first time and presents valuable information about active and authoritative research entities, cooperation patterns, technology trends, hotspots, and frontiers. Therefore, it can help governments, policymakers, related companies, and the scientific community understand the global progress in oil and gas well research and provide a reference for technology development and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Global Research on Osteoarthritis During 1994–2023: A Scientometric Assessment of Publications and Citations.
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Vaishya, Raju, Gupta, Brij Mohan, Mamdapur, Ghouse Modin Nabeesab, Kappi, Mallikarjun M, and Vaish, Abhishek
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SERIAL publications , *DATABASES , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *PERIODICAL articles , *CITATION analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *AUTHORSHIP , *ALTMETRICS , *OSTEOARTHRITIS , *MEDICAL research , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) , *MEDICAL writing , *PUBLISHING , *MEDICAL literature , *ENDOWMENT of research - Abstract
Introduction: This study presents a global research scenario in the broad domain of osteoarthritis (OA) research, using quantitative and qualitative publication and citation indicators. Methods: The study is based on 45,368 global publications, sourced from the Scopus bibliographical database, covering three decades (1994–2023). We studied the performance of the top 12 developed and top 12 developing countries. The key countries, organizations and authors at national and international levels were identified. The broad subject areas and key journals contributing to global OA research were delineated, besides identifying the broad characteristics of highly cited papers in the field. Results: The United States and China were the most productive countries, while the Netherlands and Canada made the largest citation impact. Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney made the most contribution, while Boston University and Pfizer Inc., USA registered the highest citation impact. Hunter DJ and Guermazi A were the most productive authors, while Lohmander LS, and Hochberg MC registered the highest citation impact. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (n = 4879) and Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (n = 786) published the maximum papers, while Arthritis and Rheumatism and Nature Reviews Rheumatology registered the largest citation impact. The highly cited papers with 100 or more citations constituted 6.25% of the total publications. Conclusions: There has been a systematic growth of publications on OA. The research on OA was mainly done in developed countries, with the maximum publications coming from the United States of America, China and Canada. The most impactful publications on OA were from the Netherlands, Canada and the United States of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. A bibliometric analysis on the health behaviors related to mild cognitive impairment.
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Liping Xiao, Chunyi Zhou, Shibo Zhang, and Yuncui Wang
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DEMENTIA prevention ,SERIAL publications ,LIFESTYLES ,MILD cognitive impairment ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,EXERCISE ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,RESEARCH funding ,CLINICAL trials ,CITATION analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,AUTHORSHIP ,THEMATIC analysis ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,HEALTH behavior ,AGING ,DATA analysis software ,BEHAVIORAL research ,DIET ,PREVENTIVE health services ,BIOMARKERS ,COGNITION ,DISEASE risk factors ,MIDDLE age ,OLD age - Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is commonly defined as a transitional subclinical state between normal aging and dementia. A growing body of research indicates that health behaviors may play a protective role against cognitive decline and could potentially slow down the progression from MCI to dementia. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature focusing on health behaviors and MCI to summarize the factors and evidence regarding the influence of health behaviors on MCI. Methods: The study performed a bibliometric analysis by retrieving publications from the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index subdatabases within the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, a total of 2,843 eligible articles underwent co-citation, cokeywords, and clustering analyses. This methodology aimed to investigate the current status, trends, major research questions, and potential future directions within the research domain. Results: The bibliometric analysis indicates that research on healthy behaviors in individuals with MCI originated in 2002 and experienced rapid growth in 2014, reflecting the increasing global interest in this area. The United States emerged as the primary contributor, accounting for more than one-third of the total scientific output with 982 articles. Journals that published the most articles on MCI-related health behaviors included "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease," "Neurobiology of Aging," "Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience," and other geriatricsrelated journals. High-impact papers identified by VOSviewer predominantly cover concepts related to MCI, such as diagnostic criteria, assessment, and multifactorial interventions. Co-occurrence keyword analysis highlights five research hotspots in health behavior associated with MCI: exercise, diet, risk factors and preventive measures for dementia, cognitive decline-related biomarkers, and clinical trials. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive review of literature on health behavior in individuals with MCI, emphasizing influential documents and journals. It outlines research trends and key focal points, offering valuable insights for researchers to comprehend significant contributions and steer future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Learning and knowledge 'transfer' as translation: a case study of a health partnership programme between Canada and China from the perspective of ANT.
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Shan, Hongxia, Zhang, Tianjiao, Sork, Thomas J., and Wong, Peter KH
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KNOWLEDGE transfer ,MEDICAL personnel ,CROSS-cultural differences ,EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
Existing literature on international health partnerships is largely normative, with an evaluative interest in their impacts in terms of learning and knowledge transfer. Rarely has research attended to how learning and knowledge transfer transpire in practice. This paper addresses this gap with a case study of a partnership between two hospitals in Canada and China. Conceptually, drawing on Actor Network Theory, it posits learning and knowledge transfer as a process of translation. Empirically, it traces the assembling of the programme, and identifies the pedagogical features at nodes of associations. It reveals that health professionals in both countries have expanded their clinical and medical knowledge and practices, and professional senses and sensitivities, which were subsequently amplified, deferred or diminished within their respective practices. It argues that the capacity of individuals to translate learning into practice is contingent on institutional and cultural differences that constitute the ecology of work for health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Mapping and Visualizing Research Output on Global Solid Waste Management: A Bibliometric Review of Literature.
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Rahaman, Md Safiqur, Ansari, Khadeeja M. N., Kumar, Hardesh, and Shah, Karnika
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SOLID waste management ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,WASTE management ,SOLID waste ,LITERATURE reviews ,LIQUID waste - Abstract
Solid waste management refers to collecting, treating, and disposing of solid waste that has served its purpose or is no longer useful. The primary purpose of this research is to map and visualize the solid waste management literature indexed on the Web of science between 1966 and 2021 based on bibliometrics analysis. This study also identified the most productive authors, sources, organizations, countries, research areas, funding agencies etc. This study employed the bibliometric method to analyze global research productivity on solid waste management literature. A total of 4444 research papers downloaded from the Web of science during the study period. Bibliometrics software, namely Bibexcel, VOSviewer, Biblioshiny, and Microsoft Excel, used to analyze the data. The results show that there was 4444 publication with 78759 citations between 1966 and 2021. The maximum number of papers, i.e., 424 published in 2020, in 1966 single paper published and received one citation. The journal Waste management published 382 papers and became the most relevant source of the topic, whereas Huang GH recognized as the most prolific author with 214 papers. China contributed a significant number of research papers in the field, while the University of Regina, Canada, emerged as a top-performing institution. China and Canada together collaborated more in producing literature in solid waste management. The study concludes that there is a need for further bibliometric study of other related topics in waste management, such as liquid waste management and gasses waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on Special Education between 2011 and 2020
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Rumiye Arslan, Keziban Orbay, and Metin Orbay
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The present study aims to identify the most productive countries, journals, authors, institutions and the most used keywords in the field of special education during 2011-2020, based on the WoS database. The widespread effects of the papers and how they are related were analyzed with the bibliometric analysis method. The findings of the study showed that the USA is inarguably the most productive country, followed by England and Australia. On the other hand, there was a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.929) between the number of papers published by countries and their h-index, a similar finding was also found to be present between the countries' h-index and GDP per capita (r = 0.790). Moreover, it was found that the journals with the highest quartile (Q1 and Q2) in the field of special education published significantly more papers than the journals with the lowest quartile (Q3 and Q4). Matson, JL (USA), Sigafoos, J (New Zealand) and Lancioni, GE (Italy) were determined as the most prolific authors, respectively. Autism, intellectual disability, and Down syndrome were the phrases most frequently used as keywords. Our findings provide key information regarding the developments that the research direction of special education field has recently taken. This study also serves a potential roadmap for future studies.
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- 2024
15. The Impact of Emerging Technology in Physics over the Past Three Decades
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Binar Kurnia Prahani, Hanandita Veda Saphira, Budi Jatmiko, Suryanti, and Tan Amelia
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As humanity reaches the 5.0 industrial revolution, education plays a critical role in boosting the quality of human resources. This paper reports bibliometric research on emerging TiP during 1993-2022 in the educational field to analyse its development on any level of education during the last three decades. This study employed a Scopus database. The findings are that the trend of TiP publication in educational fields has tended to increase every year during the past three decades and conference paper became the most published document type, the USA is the country which produces the most publications; "Students" being the most occurrences keyword and total link strength. The publication of the TiP is ranked to the Quartile 1, which implies that a publication with the cited performance is a publication with credibility because the publisher has a good reputation. Researchers can find the topics most relevant to other metadata sources such as Web of Science, Publish, and Perish.
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- 2024
16. Narrative Themes of Chinese Canadian Intergenerational Trauma: Parental Experiences.
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Chou, F., Buchanan, M., McDonald, M., Westwood, M., and Huang, C.
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PARENT attitudes , *INTERGENERATIONAL relations , *HISTORICAL trauma , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *EXPERIENCE , *HOPE , *THEMATIC analysis , *REFLEXIVITY - Abstract
In a series of two papers, the narrative themes of Intergenerational Trauma (IGT) from both the parent and offspring generation in the Chinese diaspora in Canada are examined. This paper focuses on the experiences of parental participants and their perspectives on how trauma transmits to the next generation. Narratives of IGT from three participants were co-constructed using the Collaborative Narrative Method. The narratives were largely situated during pre-migration in China, with most traumatic experiences related to sociopolitical events between the 1950s to 1980s. Themes were developed from the narratives using reflexive thematic analysis. These themes include the following: (a) decimation of social structures; (b) oppression, chaos, and abuse; (c) desperation for survival; (d) personal losses and the denial of education and opportunities; and (e) preservation of values. Themes associated with participant perception of how their traumatic experience transmitted to their offspring, include the following: (a) desire for stability and opportunities; (b) pressure and concern for the future of their offspring; and (c) hope for the future. The study has implications for understanding the linkage between historical events and individual narratives in the Chinese diaspora, as well as the study of IGT among Chinese populations and their narratival understandings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. Understanding Chinese international students' perception of cultural conflicts in Canada: Through the case of cannabis use.
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Zhao, Kedi, Lenz, Trish, and Fang, Lin
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CHINESE students in foreign countries ,PSYCHOLOGY of students ,CULTURE conflict ,POWER (Social sciences) ,CHINESE-speaking students ,MICROAGGRESSIONS ,ACCULTURATION - Abstract
The legalization of recreational cannabis consumption in Canada created a cultural conflict for international students from China, where the use of cannabis is heavily criminalized and deemed immoral. This conceptual paper theorizes this cultural conflict experienced by Chinese international students in Canada by applying three theories from macro to micro levels. Neoliberalism is first used to understand how this cultural conflict exposes collisions between the neoliberal West and the rising economic power of China as illustrated through Chinese students studying in Canada. Next, acculturation theory focuses on these students' cultural transition and provides further insight into potential strategies for their handling of specific cultural conflicts such as cannabis use. Lastly, Cloninger's theory of substance use is adopted to explore Chinese international students' individual reasoning about cannabis use, particularly how they make decisions based on evaluations of various conditions. Building upon the above analyses, an integrated conceptual model is further formed to help us understand Chinese students' potential perception of cannabis use in Canada. This conceptual framework provides an important theoretical and conceptual base for future research and practice, from which to further explore cannabis use in the context of cultural transition of different immigrant and migrant groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Nature-based interventions in social work practice and education: Insights from six nations.
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Slattery, Maddy, Ramsay, Sylvia, Pryor, Anita, Gallagher, Hilary, Norton, Christine Lynn, Nikkel, Lynette, Smith, Amanda, Knowles, Ben, and McAuliffe, Donna
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PROFESSIONAL practice ,WELL-being ,FOCUS groups ,NATUROPATHY ,POPULATION geography ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,CULTURAL pluralism ,MENTAL health ,SOCIAL justice ,VIDEOCONFERENCING ,EXPERIENCE ,MENTAL healing ,PHILOSOPHY of education ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL work education ,SOCIAL services ,NATURE ,INTERDISCIPLINARY education ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
This paper presents findings from an investigation of nature-based practices, from the perspectives of 10 academics/educators from six nations. Participants engaged in a focus group exploring the prevalence and inclusion of nature in social work practice and education. While the study focused on individual members' experiences and perspectives, the findings highlight important context-specific factors for including nature within social work to reconnect humans with nature for health, well-being, healing, and justice. An Integrative Environmental Model for social work is proposed to assist future practice and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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19. Towards a Transcultural Perspective on Mothering and Learning from Chinese Immigrant Mothers in Canada
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Zhu, Yidan
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Drawing on theories from transcultural theory, I examined Chinese immigrant mothers' transcultural perspectives on mothering and learning. Recent adult educational studies contain limited research on the effects of cultural influence on mothering and learning by immigrant mothers from their perspective. Based on 30 semi-structured interviews among Chinese immigrant mothers in Canada, this study revealed there are not only interactions between the fluid cultural values and the understanding of mothering and learning by immigrant mothers, but also race, gender, and class relations behind Chinese immigrant mothers' mothering and learning practice. This paper contributes to a better understanding of cultural influence on Chinese immigrant mothers' learning and mothering practice. The findings help foster adult educational programs for immigrant mothers in multicultural societies. [For full proceedings, see ED628982.]
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- 2022
20. Diagnosis as a sociocultural practice: critical personal narratives of Asian immigrant mothers with Autism-Spectrum Disorder children in Canada.
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Lee, Romee and Zhu, Yidan
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DIAGNOSIS of autism ,MOTHERS ,ATTITUDES of mothers ,RACE ,EXPERIENCE ,SEX distribution ,CULTURAL competence ,SOCIAL classes ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants ,CHILDREN - Abstract
With an increasing number of children diagnosed with Autism-Spectrum-Disorder in Canada, this paper focuses on how their mothers, as Asian immigrant women, experience the process of diagnosis and learn to parent their children. By taking two Asian (Korean and Chinese) mothers' critical personal narratives as major data sources, this paper aims to explore the diagnosis process of Autism-Spectrum-Disorder through a sociocultural lens on the intersectionality of (im)migrants and their cultural competence, and argues that their identity (re)construction and learning for parenting take place at the intersectionality of race, gender, class, and disability. This paper highlights possible implications for everyone involved in this 'medical' process, in the context of Canadian or other similar multicultural societies. Asian immigrant mothers usually have to deal with children with Autism-Spectrum-Disorder (ASD) and they have bitter experience of mistreatment tied to race, gender and class. This study reveals how Asian immigrant mothers struggled in their integration to Canadian society as well as their experiences of denial into Canada's medical system. The stories of these two women shed lights on the social and cultural aspects of immigrant mothers' learning strategies, including how they utilize accessible resources and networks for their children's treatment and diagnosis. This paper suggests that policymakers need to consider the social and cultural aspects of diagnosis in immigrant families to better fit their needs and provide them appropriate medical and social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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21. Cryptocurrency in the Darknet: sustainability of the current national legislation.
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Dhali, Mohsin, Hassan, Shafiqul, Mehar, Saghir Munir, Shahzad, Khuram, and Zaman, Fazluz
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CRYPTOCURRENCIES ,DIGITAL technology ,LEGAL discourse ,ELECTRONIC money ,SUSTAINABILITY ,LEGAL education - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to show that divergent perceptions among regulators, the regulated and the associated regulatory bodies across multiple jurisdictions regarding the nature and functionality of cryptocurrencies hamper the development of a more comprehensive and coherent regulatory framework in curbing crimes and other related risks associated with cryptocurrencies. Design/methodology/approach: The study has used a descriptive doctrinal legal research method to investigate and understand the insights of existing laws and regulations in four selected jurisdictions concerning cryptocurrencies and how these laws could be further improved and developed to reduce crypto-related crimes. Furthermore, the study has also used a comparative research method to conceptualize the contours of the new legal discourse emerging from cryptocurrencies to adopt and implement a sound regulatory framework. Findings: The study illustrated that divergent regulatory treatment among different jurisdictions might suffocate novel digital innovations such as cryptocurrency. These fragmented regulatory approaches by various jurisdictions question the sustainability of the present national legislation adopted to regulate cryptocurrencies. Looking into other jurisdictional developments in regulating cryptocurrencies, it is apparent that a concerted regulatory approach is needed to minimize the abuse of this innovation. Research limitations/implications: The study has implications for regulators and policymakers to review the current regulatory framework for regulating cryptocurrencies to prevent regulatory arbitrage. The divergent legislative measures concerning cryptocurrency among different jurisdictions question the sustainability of these legislative initiatives, considering the evolving and borderless nature of cryptocurrency. Therefore, this paper will help regulators to consider the present legislative gaps in establishing a common global regulatory approach in the crypto sphere. Originality/value: The study contributes to the existing body of literature by examining the regulatory frameworks of four jurisdictions, namely, the USA, Canada, China and the EU, related to cryptocurrencies, with a discussion on the development of cryptocurrencies-related laws among these four jurisdictions and their sustainability in curbing crimes in the Darknet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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22. The influence of motivations on international location choice in least developed, emerging and developed countries: evidence from Chinese MNEs.
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Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando, Pergelova, Albena, and Wei, William X.
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DEVELOPING countries ,DEVELOPED countries ,EMERGING markets ,EMPLOYEE motivation ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,BRANDING (Marketing) - Abstract
Purpose: This research aims to assess variations of motivations when studying international location decisions. In particular, this study aims to assess the influence of diverse motivations – seeking technology, seeking brand assets, seeking markets, seeking resources and escaping institutional constraints – as determinants of the international location choice of emerging market multinational enterprises (EM MNEs) entering least developed, emerging, and developed countries. Design/methodology/approach: The authors develop a set of hypotheses based on the ownership–location–internalization framework and complement it with an institutional perspective. The conceptual model posits that the different internationalization motivations (seeking technology, seeking brand assets, seeking markets, seeking resources and escaping institutional constraints) will impact the location choice of EM MNEs in developed economies, emerging markets or least developed countries. This study uses the 2013 survey data collected by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. The final sample of analysis of this research includes 693 observations. Findings: After controlling for several variables, two-stage Heckman regressions show there is a variation of motivations when EM MNEs enter least developed countries, emerging markets and developed economies. EM MNEs are motivated to enter least developed countries to seek markets and resources. Conversely, those firms enter developed countries in their search for technological assets and to escape institutional constraints at home. While the present study findings show a clear difference in the motivations that lead to location choice in least developed vs developed countries, the results are not as clear for location in other emerging countries. Research limitations/implications: The paper offers empirical support for the importance of motivations as crucial determinants of location choice. Originality/value: This paper provides a detailed quantitative study on the internationalization location choice of EM MNEs based on their motivations. Though theoretical models underscore the importance of motivations, we know very little about how, in practice, motivations drive location choice. This study contributes to the international location choice literature a deeper understanding of how diverse motivations drive choices of expansion into developed economies, emerging markets or least developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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23. Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Curriculum Alignment: A Web of Science Example
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Eyüp Yurt
- Abstract
This study aims to examine the research published in the Web of Science database on Curriculum Alignment using the bibliometric analysis method. A bibliometric analysis of the studies included in the research was conducted on August 10, 2023. The "Web of Science Core Collection" was searched by entering the keyword "Curriculum Alignment." One hundred-five studies were included in the evaluation. VOSviewer package program was used for bibliometric analysis of article data. According to the general data of bibliometric analysis, 105 studies were published in 42 different sources, and the average number of citations per document was 11.21. When the distribution of articles according to publication years is examined, most articles were published in 2021. It was understood that there were more publications on Curriculum Alignment in the journals Chemical Education and Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice. It has been determined that studies on curriculum alignment are concentrated in the United States; The United States was followed by Australia, England, South Africa, Canada, and the People's Republic of China, respectively. It has been determined that topics such as learning outcomes, curriculum mapping, problem-based learning, analytical competencies, in-service teachers, enacted curriculum, curriculum change, collaboration, and assessment design are current issues discussed together with curriculum alignment. A limited number of studies have been conducted on Curriculum Alignment in Turkey. It may be recommended to conduct new studies on the subject. [For the full proceedings, see ED652261.]
- Published
- 2023
24. Bibliometric and Visual Insights into Higher Education Informatization: A Systematic Review of Research Output, Collaboration, Scope, and Hot Topics
- Author
-
Yang An, Yushi Duan, and Yuchen Zhang
- Abstract
Higher education informatization (HEI) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the use and integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in higher education. This paper provides a bibliometric and visual analysis of the research trends, patterns, and topics in this field. Using the Web of Science database, the authors selected and analyzed 199 SCI and SSCI papers on HEI published from 2000 to 2023 by VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. The results indicate that the publication volume of HEI research has grown significantly in recent years. The author network shows the collaboration and contribution of different researchers and institutions, while the journal network reveals the multidisciplinary nature and scope of the field. The keyword network and the burst keyword analysis identify the main research themes and the emerging hot topics in HEI. The co-citation network of sources illustrates the theoretical and methodological foundations and influences of the field. The paper concludes with some implications and suggestions for future HEI research.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. Microteaching Networks in Higher Education
- Author
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Sonia Santoveña-Casal, Javier Gil-Quintana, and José Javier Hueso-Romero
- Abstract
Purpose: Microteaching is a teacher training method based on microclasses (groups of four or five students) and microlessons lasting no more than 5-20 min. Since it was first explored in the late 20th century in experiments at Stanford University, microteaching has evolved at the interdisciplinary level. The purpose of this paper is to examine the networks found via an analytical bibliometric study of the scientific output related with microteaching in teacher training, through a study and examination of the Web of Science database. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted with the VOSviewer tool for content analysis through data mining and scientific network structure mapping by means of the normalisation technique. This technique is based on the association strength indicator, which is interpreted as a measurement of the similarity of the units of analysis. Findings: Two hundred and nine articles were thus obtained from the Web of Science database. The networks generated and the connections among the various items, co-authorship and co-citation are presented in the results, which clearly indicates that there are significant authors and institutions in the field of microteaching. The largest cluster is made up of institutions such as Australian Catholic University. The most often-cited document is by Rich and Hannafin. Allen (1968), who defines microteaching as a technique based on microclasses and microlessons, is the author most often cited and has the largest number of connections. Research limitations/implications: This research's limitations concern either aspects that lie beyond the study's possibilities or goals that have proved unattainable. The second perspective, which focuses on skill transfer, contains a lower percentage of documents and therefore has a weaker central documentary structure. Lastly, the authors have also had to bear in mind the fact that the scientific output hinges upon a highly specific realm, the appearance and/or liberalisation of digital technologies and access to those technologies in the late 20th century. Originality/value: This research shows that microteaching is a promising area of research that opens up vast possibilities in higher education teacher training for application in the realm of technologies. This paper could lead to several lines of future research, such as access to and the universal design of learning from the standpoint of different communication and pedagogical models based on microteaching.
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- 2024
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26. Application of Artificial Intelligence for Reference Services in Academic Libraries: A Global Overview through a Systematic Review of Literature.
- Author
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Tella, Adeyinka
- Subjects
- *
ACADEMIC libraries , *LIBRARY reference services , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *NATURAL language processing , *INTELLIGENCE service , *AUTODIDACTICISM , *PROBLEM-based learning - Abstract
This study examines through a systematic review, the reference services rendered in academic libraries using artificial intelligence (AI) and by collecting data through environmental scanning. The objective of this systematic literature review is to provide a synthesis of empirical studies exploring the application of artificial intelligence for reference services in academic libraries. Data were collected from Web of Science, Scopus, and LISA databases. Following the rigorous/established selection process, a total of thirty five articles were finally selected, reviewed and analyzed. Thirty five papers were identified, analyzed and summarized on the subject relating to the application of AI and the methods which are most often used. The findings demonstrate that university libraries in Canada and China are leading in the deployment of AI for reference services. The AI techniques used mostly in the scanned university libraries are self-directed learning and natural language processing techniques; while the challenges of using AI for reference services are the problem of quality intelligence, linguistic style, privacy, a threat to intellectual freedom, bias, and cost; inadequate experts, poor network, poor training and lack of innovation, and limited knowledge about the technology. The study indicates university libraries take into account implementing AI for reference services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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27. Application of Temperature Fall-Off Interpretation Method in Superheavy Oil or Oil Sand SAGD Process.
- Author
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Liang, Guangyue, Xie, Qian, and Liu, Shangqi
- Subjects
OIL sands ,THERMAL diffusivity ,GEOLOGICAL modeling ,TEMPERATURE ,TEMPERATURE measurements ,FLOW charts - Abstract
SAGD technology has been successfully and widely applied in the development of superheavy oil and oil sand projects. Before normal SAGD process, some preheating ways are often needed to realize interwell hydraulic connection, and this means that determining reasonable SAGD conversion timing from the preheating stage is an essential precondition for good performance. Previous numerical simulations or qualitative analysis of temperature fall-off data are often adopted in the industry, but they have deficiencies in terms of dependent on static geological model or insufficient data utilization. Therefore, on the basis of the temperature and pressure monitoring process comparison in China's superheavy oil and Canada's oil sand projects, this paper proposed a temperature fall-off interpretation model to obtain thermal diffusivity and preheating radius at different measurement points along the horizontal section by combining an unsteady thermal conduction model under constant heating power of wellbores in the radial coordinate system and approximately unsteady thermal conduction model with constant wellbore temperature and Fourier's law of thermal conduction. Besides, the duration time, interpretation method, and application flow chart of temperature fall-off test were presented. Then, it was validated to successfully determine the timing of SAGD conversion from the preheating stage by an example combining with tracking numerical simulation, temperature inflection point analysis, and index analysis during the partial-SAGD and initial SAGD stages. The findings of this study can help determine the SAGD conversion timing from the preheating stage simpler and faster especially for the case of long horizontal well section deployed with more temperature measurement points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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28. Regional and urban heat island studies in megacities: A systematic analysis of research methodology.
- Author
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Degefu, Mekonnen Amberber, Argaw, Mekuria, Feyisa, Gudina Legese, and Degefa, Sileshi
- Subjects
URBAN heat islands ,MEGALOPOLIS ,REMOTE sensing ,RESEARCH methodology ,SCIENCE databases - Abstract
The paper provides a systematic review of satellite-based regional and urban heat island (RHI and UHI) studies in cities and their challenges, from 2010 to the present based on visualizing scientific landscapes (VOS) viewer analysis and Scopus and science database search using a set of standard criteria. The review results show that 52.17% of the studies used Landsat images followed by MODIS (36.65%). Based on VOS viewer analysis author keywords, remote sensing was strongly linked to urban heat island, urban greenspace, and improvise surface, respectively. Regarding, Co-authorship network China, Canada and the United kingdom's authors actively collaborated with different world researchers. The most frequently studied regions and periods of research are China and summer daytime, respectively. A total of 55% of the articles reported the use of a mono-window algorithm for retrieving LST from sensors. On the other hand, remotely sensed UHI studies have been facing a series of challenges, including differences between remote sensing satellite-derived LST and air temperature, impacts of clouds and other factors on LST data, methods to quantify UHI, accuracy assessment and attribution of RHI and UHI. Thus, consideration was given to the understudied cities, the methods to compute RHI and/or UHI intensity, inter-annual variability and modeling in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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29. Research Fraud and the Publish or Perish World of Academia.
- Author
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Herndon, Neil C.
- Subjects
RETAIL franchises ,RETAIL stores ,INVESTMENT treaties - Abstract
An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the franchise system and performance in Canada and in the U.S., the views of online shoppers on the opening of physical stores in China, and bilateral investments.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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30. On the Widespread Impact of the Most Prolific Countries in Special Education Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
- Author
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Sezgin, Aslihan, Orbay, Keziban, and Orbay, Metin
- Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the most prolific countries in the field of special education and to discuss the widespread impact of their papers by taking into account the country's h-index. Through a bibliometric analysis, the data were collected in the Web of Science Core Collection category "Education, Special" in the Social Science Citation Index during 2011-2020. The 25 most prolific countries in the field of special education were determined in terms of paper productivity, and it was seen that the leading country was undisputedly the USA (54.42%). Meanwhile, a strong positive correlation was found between the h-index and the number of papers published by the countries (r=0.864). On the other hand, when the ranking in terms of the number of papers was reconfigured by the h-index, it was relatively changed. The possible reasons for this change for the countries with the most changing rankings were discussed by considering some definitive criteria such as the journal quartiles, the percentage of international and domestic, and the percentage of open access papers. This study reports a positive correlation between the quality and quantity in the field of special education for the publications of countries. It has been shown that where the positive correlation deviates, then especially, the journal quartiles, the percentage of international collaboration and the percentage of open access papers have a significant effect. The bibliometric findings may be useful to enrich the discussion about the widespread impact of papers and debate whether the use of h-index is acceptable for cross-national comparisons.
- Published
- 2022
31. The emotional economy of migration driving Mainland Chinese transnational sojourning across migration regimes.
- Author
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Ho, Elaine Lynn-Ee
- Subjects
IMMIGRATION law ,IMMIGRANTS ,POLITICAL economic analysis ,SOCIAL integration ,LAW - Abstract
In focusing on the way emotional ideologies underpin migration regimes, this paper underlines how migrants manage their emotions in a quest towards wider economic and social integration. It compares the experiences of Mainland Chinese immigrants who are in Canada with those that returned to China temporarily but plan to remigrate to Canada eventually, thus sustaining transnational journeys. The paper suggests that the intersection of emotional and migration regimes imposes norms and sanctions that direct migrants towards what are considered appropriate emotions and emotional subjectivities. The economic logics shaping the circulation of emotions within and across geographical space during transnational sojourning is referred to here as the emotional economy of migration. The paper argues that certain emotions appreciate or depreciate in value as they are mobilised geographically during such transnational sojourning. The analysis contributes to migration scholarship by drawing out the emotional logics, circulations, and calculations that structure and prop up the political economy of migration regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Current States, Challenges, Ongoing Efforts, and Future Perspectives of Pharmaceutical Excipients in Pediatric Patients in Each Country and Region.
- Author
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Saito, Jumpei, Agrawal, Anjali, Patravale, Vandana, Pandya, Anjali, Orubu, Samuel, Zhao, Min, Andrews, Gavin P., Petit-Turcotte, Caroline, Landry, Hannah, Croker, Alysha, Nakamura, Hidefumi, Yamatani, Akimasa, and Salunke, Smita
- Subjects
PEDIATRICS ,GENETIC techniques ,MEDICAL practice ,PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry ,DOSAGE forms of drugs - Abstract
A major hurdle in pediatric formulation development is the lack of safety and toxicity data on some of the commonly used excipients. While the maximum oral safe dose for several kinds of excipients is known in the adult population, the doses in pediatric patients, including preterm neonates, are not established yet due to the lack of evidence-based data. This paper consists of four parts: (1) country-specific perspectives in different parts of the world (current state, challenges in excipients, and ongoing efforts) for ensuring the use of safe excipients, (2) comparing and contrasting the country-specific perspectives, (3) past and ongoing collaborative efforts, and (4) future perspectives on excipients for pediatric formulation. The regulatory process for pharmaceutical excipients has been developed. However, there are gaps between each region where a lack of information and an insufficient regulation process was found. Ongoing efforts include raising issues on excipient exposure, building a region-specific database, and improving excipient regulation; however, there is a lack of evidence-based information on safety for the pediatric population. More progress on clear safety limits, quantitative information on excipients of concern in the pediatric population, and international harmonization of excipients' regulatory processes for the pediatric population are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Commission for International Adult Education (CIAE) of the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE). Proceedings of the 2022 International Pre-Conference (71st, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, October 10-11, 2022)
- Author
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American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE), Commission for International Adult Education (CIAE) and Griswold, Wendy
- Abstract
The Commission on International Adult Education (CIAE) of the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE) provides a forum for the discussion of international issues related to adult education in general, as well as adult education in various countries around the globe. These "Proceedings" are from the Commission of International Adult Education's (CIAE) 2022 International Pre-Conference. This year's "Proceedings" contain 12 papers from 18 authors, representing CIAE's usual diversity of authors and topics. Researcher and research sites include Canada, China, Ghana, Italy, Nigeria, and the United States. A major theme continuing from the 2021 conference is the impact of COVID-19 on learners in a variety of settings, including teacher training, adult basic education, and higher education. A second major theme concerns cross-cultural learning, including among migrants and in higher education. Some papers address adult learning experiences in myriad social contexts, such as learning for democracy, aging, military, and spiritual learning. A special feature at this year's Pre-Conference is a focus on CONFINTEA VII and the Marrakech Framework for Action. A panel and discussion session on these important endeavors are part of the Pre-Conference Agenda, with key documents provided in the 2022 Proceedings. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2022
34. More than a public health crisis: A feminist political economic analysis of COVID-19.
- Author
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Smith, Julia, Davies, Sara E., Feng, Huiyun, Gan, Connie C. R., Grépin, Karen A., Harman, Sophie, Herten-Crabb, Asha, Morgan, Rosemary, Vandan, Nimisha, and Wenham, Clare
- Subjects
RACISM ,SEXISM ,HEALTH services accessibility ,FEMINISM ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,PRACTICAL politics ,WOMEN'S rights ,PUBLIC health ,VIOLENCE ,HEALTH status indicators ,GENDER ,ECONOMICS ,RESEARCH funding ,THEMATIC analysis ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Gender norms, roles and relations differentially affect women, men, and non-binary individuals' vulnerability to disease. Outbreak response measures also have immediate and long-term gendered effects. However, gender-based analysis of outbreaks and responses is limited by lack of data and little integration of feminist analysis within global health scholarship. Recognising these barriers, this paper applies a gender matrix methodology, grounded in feminist political economy approaches, to evaluate the gendered effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and response in four case studies: China, Hong Kong, Canada, and the UK. Through a rapid scoping of documentation of the gendered effects of the outbreak, it applies the matrix framework to analyse findings, identifying common themes across the case studies: financial discrimination, crisis in care, and unequal risks and secondary effects. Results point to transnational structural conditions which put women on the front lines of the pandemic at work and at home while denying them health, economic and personal security – effects that are exacerbated where racism and other forms of discrimination intersect with gender inequities. Given that women and people living at the intersections of multiple inequities are made additionally vulnerable by pandemic responses, intersectional feminist responses should be prioritised at the beginning of any crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A scientometric analysis of ecotoxicological studies with the herbicide atrazine and microalgae and cyanobacteria as test organisms.
- Author
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Castro, Muryllo Santos, Barbosa, Fabiana Gonçalves, Guimarães, Pablo Santos, Martins, Camila De Martinez Gaspar, and Zanette, Juliano
- Subjects
ATRAZINE ,MICROALGAE ,HERBICIDES ,CYANOBACTERIA ,TOXICITY testing ,AQUATIC organisms ,HERBICIDE-resistant crops - Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. A scientometric study was conducted to analyze the evolution of research on ATZ. The study also looked at the use of microalgae and cyanobacteria as biological models for toxicity tests during the period from 1959 to 2019, in the category of toxicology of Web of Science. The results show an increase in the number of scientific publications mainly in the USA, Canada, and China. The majority of papers was published in journals with high impact factors, demonstrating the relevance of such studies. About 83% of the studies aimed to evaluate the effect of ATZ on non-target organisms. From those, 7.5% included microalgae and cyanobacteria. The majority of them worked with chlorophyceae to perform toxicity bioassays of ATZ and analyze its sublethal effects. The gaps identified by this analysis included a small number of collaborations between research groups from different countries; the number of studies with terrestrial organisms, which are larger in comparison to aquatic organisms; and the fact that none of the studies with ATZ and microalgae was performed in the field. These findings can point out to researchers and funding agencies the gaps in knowledge on the toxic effects of ATZ and guide the development of new research projects as well as environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Insights into Accounting Education in a COVID-19 World
- Author
-
Sangster, Alan, Stoner, Greg, and Flood, Barbara
- Abstract
This paper presents a compilation of personal reflections from 66 contributors on the impact of, and responses to, COVID-19 in accounting education in 45 different countries around the world. It reveals a commonality of issues, and a variability in responses, many positive outcomes, including the creation of opportunities to realign learning and teaching strategies away from the comfort of traditional formats, but many more that are negative, primarily relating to the impact on faculty and student health and well-being, and the accompanying stress. It identifies issues that need to be addressed in the recovery and redesign stages of the management of this crisis, and it sets a new research agenda for studies in accounting education.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. How Sedentary are Older People? A Systematic Review of the Amount of Sedentary Behavior.
- Author
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Harvey, Juliet A., Chastin, Sebastien F.M., and Skelton, Dawn A.
- Subjects
AGING ,CINAHL database ,HEALTH behavior ,LEISURE ,MEDLINE ,META-analysis ,SELF-evaluation ,TIME ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,ACCELEROMETRY ,SEDENTARY lifestyles ,PHYSICAL activity ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,AMED (Information retrieval system) - Abstract
Background/objectives: Sedentary behavior (SB), defined as sitting (nonexercising), reclining, and lying down (posture), or by low energy expenditure, is a public health risk independent to physical activity. The objective of this systematic literature review was to synthesize the available evidence on amount of SB reported by and measured in older adults. Data source: Studies published between 1981 and 2014 were identified from electronic databases and manual searching. Large-scale population studies/surveys reporting the amount of SB (objective/ subjective) in older adults aged ≥ 60 years of age were included. Appraisal and synthesis was completed using MOOSE guidelines. Results: 349,698 adults aged ≥ 60 within 22 studies (10 countries and 1 EU-wide) were included. Objective measurement of SB shows that older adults spend an average of 9.4 hr a day sedentary, equating to 65-80% of their waking day. Self-report of SB is lower, with average weighted self-reports being 5.3 hr daily. Within specific domains of SB, older adults report 3.3 hr in leisure sitting time and 3.3 hr watching TV. There is an association with more time spent in SB as age advances and a trend for older men to spend more time in SB than women. Conclusion/ implications: Time spent sedentary ranges from 5.3-9.4 hr per waking day in older adults. With recent studies suggesting a link between SB, health, and well-being, independent of physical activity, this is an area important for successful aging. Limitations: Different methodologies of measurement and different reporting methods of SB made synthesis difficult. Estimated SB time from self-report is half of that measured objectively; suggesting that most self-report surveys of SB will vastly underestimate the actual time spent in SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Exploring Transformative Learning among Chinese Immigrant Mothers in Canada and the US during the COVID-19
- Author
-
Zhu, Yidan and Niu, Yuanlu
- Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of Chinese immigrant mothers in Canada and the US overcoming the challenges through adult learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transformative learning theory is utilized as a theoretical framework. Transformative learning, as an important component of adult learning theory, emphasizes the expansion of consciousness through which an individual can critically reflect on their personal experiences and feelings (Mezirow, 2009). Based on this theoretical framework, we aim to understand how Chinese immigrant mothers as adult learners experience the pandemic and learn mothering during these uncertainties and at the same time, reorient their self-consciousness and self-directed learning skills in the new normal. Adopting qualitative research, we have conducted 50 semi-structured interviews among Chinese immigrant mothers in Canada and United States. This study reveals that Chinese immigrant mothers are increasingly marginalized as a result of the global pandemic and capitalism, which accelerate their motivations for enhancing their self-consciousness and self-directed learning. [For the full proceedings, see ED625421.]
- Published
- 2021
39. Departing from the beaten path: international schools in China as a response to discrimination and academic failure in the Chinese educational system.
- Author
-
Young, Natalie A. E.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL schools ,SOCIAL status ,SECONDARY education - Abstract
International schools are commonly depicted in the academic literature and popular press as offering elite educational credentials to an elite, oftentimes international, student body. In this paper, I draw on a case study of a Canadian international school to argue that a new form of international school is emerging in China - one that offers a haven for domestic students from certain competitive and discriminatory features of the Chinese educational system. Fieldwork was conducted at a Canadian curriculum high school for Chinese citizens in Beijing. Most students at the school were internal migrants or children of China’s ‘new rich’ entrepreneurial class; that is, their families had economic resources but occupied precarious social positions in contemporary Chinese society. Analyses reveal that the international school offers a pathway to obtain baseline academic credentials in the absence of other opportunities for progress in the Chinese educational system. Together with evidence of dramatic growth in international schools and tracks in China, this case study suggests the emergence of a new type of international education programme that departs from a picture of international education as ‘elite’ in terms of student body, academic environment, and expected educational trajectories of graduates. The paper also develops our understanding of class and educational strategies in contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Recycling in turmoil as China slams door on world’s waste.
- Author
-
BENNETT, NELSON
- Subjects
RECYCLING laws ,WASTE management ,WASTE recycling ,PLASTICS in packaging ,PLASTIC scrap ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article focuses on managing the plastic and paper waste collected by states in Canada as China bans recyclable waste. It discusses how British Columbia is saved from the crisis unlike other states as it already had its own plastic recycling company RecycleSmart Solutions and Merlin Plastics and how used to collect levy from companies using plastic and paper for packaging in order to manage its own recycling program.
- Published
- 2018
41. The Heat Pulse Method for Soil Physical Measurements: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
-
He, Hailong, Dyck, Miles, and Lv, Jialong
- Subjects
HEAT pulses ,PHYSICAL measurements ,SOIL science ,THERMAL diffusivity ,AGRICULTURAL meteorology - Abstract
Heat pulse method is a transient method that estimates soil thermal properties by characterizing the radial transport of short-duration line-source heat applied to soils. It has been widely used to measure a wide range of soil physical properties including soil thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, water content, ice content, bulk density, water flux and evaporation in laboratory and field environments. Previous studies generally focus on the scientific aspects of heat pulse method based on selected publications, and there is a lack of study investigating the heat pulse publication as a whole. The objective of this study was to give an overall view of the use of heat pulse method for soil physical measurements from the bibliometric perspectives. The analyses were based on the Web of Science Core Collection data between 1992 and 2019 using HistCite Pro and VOSviewer. The results showed an increasing trend in the volume of publications on this field and Dr. Robert Horton was the most productive researcher coauthoring papers on the heat pulse method. The co-authorship analysis revealed that researchers from soil science are closely collaborated, but this is not true for researchers in other fields. There is a lack of new young scientists committing to this field while the older generation of researchers are retiring. The United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Servics (USDA-ARS), the China Agriculture University and the Chinese Academy of Science were the top three organizations applying the heat pulse method, while the USA, China and Canada were the top three countries. The Soil Science Society of America Journal, Water Resources Research and Agricultural and Forestry Meteorology were the most widely used journals. The con-occurrence and citation analysis could be used to map the development of the field and identify the most influential publications. The study showed that the bibliometric analysis is a useful tool to visualize research status as well as to provide the general information of novices and experts alike on the heat pulse method for soil physical measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Power, Politics, and Education: Canadian Universities and International Education in an Era of New Geopolitics
- Author
-
Trilokekar, Roopa Desai, El Masr, Amira, and El Masry, Hani
- Abstract
This paper focuses on the recent political spars between Canada and Saudi Arabia as well as China and their impact on Canadian universities. It asks three questions: (1) What key issues did Canada's political strains with Saudi Arabia and China raise for Canadian universities' international education (IE) initiatives and what issues were absent? (2) What do these key issues suggest about Canada's approaches to IE in an era of new geopolitics? and (3) What implications can be drawn from these cases about Canadian university-government relations in the context of new geopolitics? Given the powerful role media plays in education policy, a systematic study was conducted across three main media sources to identify 74 articles and news releases between August 2018 and November 2019. Three dominant themes are identified and analyzed, each vividly illustrating the close ties between global politics, government foreign policy and IE within Canadian Universities. On the one hand, the narratives speak to concerns about IE as a risk to national security and, on the other, as a vehicle for Canada's economic prosperity. However, what the media has not achieved is a broader discussion on how Canada needs to revisit its IE objectives and approaches in light of broader geopolitical shifts. Using the theoretical framework of soft power, the paper speaks to the limitations and short-sightedness of Canada's approach to IE as soft power in this era of new geopolitics and concludes with three recommendations for Canada.
- Published
- 2020
43. Sexuality and everydayness in a transnational context: toward a re-imagined West-China relationship?
- Author
-
Huang, Yingying
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,CHINESE people ,SEX customs ,HIV infection risk factors ,SEXUAL attraction ,HEALTH attitudes ,HOMOSEXUALITY ,PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,HUMAN sexuality ,ETHNOLOGY research ,QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Global China and the making of Vancouver's residential property market.
- Author
-
Ley, David
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,REAL estate investment ,RESIDENTIAL real estate - Abstract
This paper examines the role of international investment in the construction of a local housing market in Vancouver, Canada. The background political economy included the attempt by Canadian governments to reboot a troubled regional economy through an infusion of activity from the growth region of Asia Pacific. An important investment tool was a Business Immigration Programme (BIP), which welcomed capital and invited capitalists to transfer their entrepreneurial skills to Canada. The BIP was very popular in Greater China, attracting wealth migration to Vancouver from Hong Kong and Taiwan in the 1980s and 1990s, and from Mainland China since 2000. An intricate trans-Pacific real estate market developed, with off-plan sales and offshore marketing of Vancouver property in Asia Pacific, and sales to wealthy BIP migrants at or before their arrival in Canada. House prices have risen rapidly and the detached housing market is now unaffordable to most Vancouver residents. Despite public discontent about the likely role of investors in boosting prices, provincial and local governments, who value the revenues of high property prices and BIP fees, have shown little desire to intervene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Twenty bisphenol analogues in take-out polystyrene-made food containers: concentration levels, simulated migration, and risk evaluation.
- Author
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Zhao, Nan, Zhu, Jianqiang, Zhao, Meirong, and Jin, Hangbiao
- Subjects
BISPHENOL A ,FOOD containers ,CONVENIENCE foods ,RISK assessment ,PLASTICS ,POPULATION of China ,CORN oil - Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is mainly used to produce polycarbonate consumer products. However, the occurrence of BPA and other bisphenol analogues (BPs) in polystyrene-made plastic products, such as white foam take-out containers (WFTOCs), has not been well investigated. In this study, occurrence of 20 BPs in WFTOC samples collected from China, Canada, and Poland were investigated with a sample size of 152. Results showed that 11 out of 20 BPs have been detected at least in one WFTOC sample. Among them, BPA was the most frequently detected BP, followed by bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol AF, while BPF was the least detected BP. Very high concentrations of BPA and BPS were detected in WFTOCs from China (mean 2694 and 552 ng/g), compared with Canada (81 and 45 ng/g, respectively) and Poland (95 and 16 ng/g). Other BPs, such as bisphenol TMC (BPTMC; detection frequency 65%, range < LOQ − 224 ng/g), bisphenol G (17%, < LOQ − 11 ng/g), and bisphenol BP (11%, < LOQ − 1.6 ng/g), were also detected in Chinese WFTOC samples. The mean partitioning coefficients of BPA, BPS, bisphenol AP, and BPTMC between WFTOCs and tap water, 10% ethanol, 50% ethanol, corn oil, or steamed rice were 0.22 − 2.9%, 0.16 − 5.1%, 0.11 − 7.5%, 2.3 − 6.5%, or 0.19 − 0.36%, respectively. The estimated daily intake of BPA, BPS, and BPTMC through using WFTOCs were 0.50 − 547, 0.054 − 229, and < 0.66 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, for general population in China, Canada, and Poland. Overall, this study first reveals the unexpected presence of BPs in WFTOCs made of polystyrene, which contributes to the better understanding of the sources of human exposure to BPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
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46. The pan-Canadian Tiered Pricing Framework and Chinese National Volume-Based Procurement: A comparative study using Donabedian's structure-process-outcome framework.
- Author
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Quan Wang, Siqi Liu, Zhijie Nie, Zheng Zhu, Yaqun Fu, Jiawei Zhang, Xia Wei, Li Yang, and Xiaolin Wei
- Subjects
MANUFACTURING industries ,NEGOTIATION ,MEDICAL care costs ,COST control ,VALUE-based healthcare ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH care reform ,GENERIC drugs ,COST analysis ,AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry ,POLICY sciences ,COMMITMENT (Psychology) ,CORPORATE culture ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Background Generic drugs have been seen as a potentially powerful way to alleviate the financial burden on patients and health care systems. Two strategies for achieving rational prices of generic drugs are tiered pricing framework and pooled purchasing power. We compare the pan-Canadian Tiered Pricing Framework (TPF) and the Chinese National Volume-Based Procurement (NVBP) as comparators to explore the similarities and differences between the two mechanisms and summarise lessons for other jurisdictions. Methods This comparative study applies Donabedian's structure-process-outcome framework to systematically analyse the macro contexts, procedures, and long- and short-term results of each pricing mechanism, and the interactions between them. Results Structure: TPF is an upstream initiative aimed at lowering the prices of generic drugs and increasing coverage and price consistency. NVBP is a downstream national initiative prioritised for reducing drug prices to achieve value-based purchasing. Process: By associating the number of manufacturers with price cuts, TPF leaves the choice to manufacturers to decide if they want to enter a specific market. In contrast, the Chinese government determines NVBP list and has the authority to choose manufacturer(s) with the lowest price(s). TPF provides clear price information to potential suppliers with unclear order quantity. The NVBP drug price is determined by tendering, while procurement volume is clear and massive. Outcome: The effectiveness of TPF and NVBP is similar, with both achieving a 53% price cut. Both TPF and NVBP experienced efficiency improvement since their establishment, with 98 and 86 drugs priced per year. By comparing 60 drugs covered by both programmes, the NVBP price is 57% of that of the TPF counterpart on average (1.1 to 301.6%), by purchase power parity. Conclusions The tiered pricing scheme is feasible in regions with a stable and mature pharmaceutical market, typically seen in high-income countries, while tendering is more workable in low- and middle-income countries where the pharmaceutical market is weak and unstable. Experience in the two countries shows that a coordinated pricing mechanism involves many piecemeal interactive problems, which a sophisticated system with a robust long-range plan may address better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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47. Managing the Canada-China Political Relationship in an Indo-Pacific Era.
- Author
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Hanlon, Robert J. and Che-Hui Lien
- Subjects
SOCIAL constructivism ,NATIONAL interest ,INFORMAL sector - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Political Science Review is the property of Canadian Political Science Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Hewers of wood and drawers of water 2.0: how American and Chinese economic nationalism influence Canadian trade policy in the twenty-first century.
- Author
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Lilly, Meredith B.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC policy ,COMMERCIAL policy ,NATURAL resources ,CHINA-United States commerce ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (CFPJ) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Building a bridge between Western and Eastern worlds: reciprocal learning programmes that create reflective practice, hope and prosperity in education.
- Author
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Howitt, Clara
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL programs ,EDUCATION ,GLOBALIZATION ,ORGANIZATIONAL commitment - Abstract
This paper focuses on the Reciprocal Learning Programmes between Western and Eastern educational systems through a Sister School project as well as, a Reciprocal Learning Programme through preservice programs between a Canadian university and a Chinese university. Benefits of the Reciprocal Learning Programs include reflective practice of content and pedagogical learning, cultural and societal learning, globalisation and emotional and social impact. Qualitative documentation demonstrates that educational, social and cultural dimensions are cultivated and nurtured through the Reciprocal Learning programs and have positively affected the students, educators and leaders involved in the project. Criteria for success in the programs included professional and personal commitment, educator inquiry, vulnerability, organisational commitment and multi-dimensional partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Oil price uncertainty and real exchange rate in a global VAR framework: a note.
- Author
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Musa, Abdullahi, Salisu, Afees A., Abulbashar, Saleh, and Okoronkwo, Chinecherem D.
- Subjects
FOREIGN exchange rates ,DEPRECIATION ,PETROLEUM sales & prices ,AUTOREGRESSIVE models - Abstract
In this study, we contribute to the literature in twofold. First, we analyse the nexus between oil price uncertainty shock and real exchange rate behavior from a global perspective using the Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) framework. Second, we attempt to examine the individual countries' characteristics in the propagation of global oil price uncertainty to real exchange rate. Using a newly developed measure of oil price uncertainty, our findings confirm a statistically significant exchange rate depreciation effect on 17 of the 32 countries considered with most of them being oil exporting countries although the magnitude of the initial impact is less severe in strong European economies, Canada and China. Our results have important implications for investors and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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