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One of the last works by celebrated New York artist David Wojnarowicz is a black-and-white photograph of the artist's face buried in the dirt. The photograph was staged in 1991, less than one year before the artist died of AIDS. Until now, Wojnarowicz's photograph has been interpreted as the image of a burial, a reference to the artist's impending death. This article compares Wojnarowicz's photo to one of the last scenes of Pier Paolo Pasolini's Teorema (1968). The case of (Untitled) Face in Dirt and Teorema indicates the existence of a potentially complex relationship between Wojnarowicz and Pasolini, two queer artists who used provocation and sexual transgression to criticize capitalist society through their work. In this article, this complex relationship is explored to show, on the one hand, the import of Pasolini's cinematographic and literary work in New York's underground art scene of the 1980s. On the other, it demonstrates that Wojnarowicz's last work conveys a positive message about his artistic legacy and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolutionary computation and data mining are two fascinating fields that have attracted many researchers. This paper proposes a new rule mining method, named genetic network programming (GNP), to solve the prediction problem using the evolutionary algorithm. Compared with the conventional association rule methods that do not consider the weight factor, the proposed algorithm provides many advantages in financial prediction, since it can discover relationships among the attributes of different transactions. Experimental results on data from the New York Exchange Market show that the new method outperforms other conventional models in terms of both accuracy and profitability, and the proposed method can establish more important and accurate rules than the conventional methods. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed data mining method in financial prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report shows estimates of the undocumented population residing in the United States from 2010 to 2020, by US state of residence and country of origin. The estimates are based primarily on data from the American Community Survey (ACS) collected annually by the US Census Bureau. 1 As it does each year, the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) assessed the accuracy of the ACS data for 2020 for the noncitizen population from more than 150 countries or areas of origin. The CMS analysis determined that almost one million undocumented residents were omitted from the 2020 ACS. The paper then segues into an extensive discussion of trends in the undocumented population for US state and country of origin over the 2010 to 2020 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxi travel flow patterns and their interday stability play an important role in the planning of urban transportation and public service facilities. Existing studies pay little attention to the stability of the travel flow patterns between days, and it is difficult to consider the impact of dynamic changes in daily travel demand analysis when supporting related decision making. Taxi trajectory data have been widely used in urban taxi travel-pattern analysis. This paper uses the taxi datasets of Shenzhen and New York to analyze and compare the interday stability of the taxi travel spatial structure and the flow volume based on the improved Levenshtein algorithm and geographic flow theory. The results show that (1) interday differences in taxi travel flow are obvious in both spatial structure and flow volume, high-frequency origin–destination (OD) trips are relatively stable; (2) the ODs between the central urban area and surrounding areas exhibit high traffic volume and high interday stability, and the ODs starting or ending at an airport exhibit high traffic stability; (3) one week's data can describe 86% of the overall travel structure and 84% of travel flow in Shenzhen, and one week's New York data can describe 73% of travel structure and 76% of travel flow. There are differences in the travel patterns of people in different cities, and the representativeness of datasets in different cities will be different. These findings can help to better understand the outcomes of taxi travel patterns derived from a relatively short period of data to avoid potential misuse in related decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the optimal surgical case start times is a challenging stochastic optimization problem that shares a key feature with many other healthcare operations problems. Namely, successful problem solutions require using a vast array of available historical data to create distributions that accurately capture a case duration's uncertainty for integration into an optimization model. Distribution fitting is the conventional approach to generate these distributions, but it can only employ a limited, aggregate portion of the detailed patient features available in Electronic Medical Records systems today. If all the available information can be taken advantage of, then distributions individualized to every case can be constructed whose precision would support higher quality solutions in the presence of uncertainty. Our individualized stochastic optimization framework shows how the quantile regression forest (QRF) method predicts individualized distributions that are integrable into sample-average approximation, robust optimization, and distributionally robust optimization models for problems like surgery scheduling. In this paper, we present some related theoretical performance guarantees for each formulation. Numerically, we also study our approach's benefits relative to three other traditional models using data from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, NY, USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robust sunflowers are a generalization of combinatorial sunflowers that have applications in monotone circuit complexity Rossman (SIAM J. Comput. 43:256–279, 2014), DNF sparsification Gopalan et al. (Comput. Complex. 22:275–310 2013), randomness extractors Li et al. (In: APPROX-RANDOM, LIPIcs 116:51:1–13, 2018), and recent advances on the Erdős-Rado sunflower conjecture Alweiss et al. (In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2020) Lovett et al. (From dnf compression to sunflower theorems via regularity, 2019) Rao (Discrete Anal. 8,2020). The recent breakthrough of Alweiss, Lovett, Wu and Zhang Alweiss et al. (In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2020) gives an improved bound on the maximum size of a w-set system that excludes a robust sunflower. In this paper, we use this result to obtain an exp (n 1 / 2 - o (1)) lower bound on the monotone circuit size of an explicit n-variate monotone function, improving the previous best known exp (n 1 / 3 - o (1)) due to Andreev (Algebra and Logic, 26:1–18, 1987) and Harnik and Raz (In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2000). We also show an exp (Ω (n)) lower bound on the monotone arithmetic circuit size of a related polynomial via a very simple proof. Finally, we introduce a notion of robust clique-sunflowers and use this to prove an n Ω (k) lower bound on the monotone circuit size of the CLIQUE function for all k ⩽ n 1 / 3 - o (1) , strengthening the bound of Alon and Boppana (Combinatorica, 7:1–22, 1987). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a vanishing viscosity sequence of weak solutions for the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations of incompressible fluids in a bounded domain. In a seminal paper (Kato in Seminar on nonlinear partial differential equations, Springer, New York, 1983), Kato showed that for sufficiently regular solutions, the vanishing viscosity limit is equivalent to having vanishing viscous dissipation in a boundary layer of width proportional to the viscosity. We prove that Kato's criterion holds for the Hölder continuous solutions with the regularity index arbitrarily close to Onsager's critical exponent through a new boundary layer foliation and a global mollification technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first CPA legislation in America was passed by New York State in 1896. This paper examines the identity and characteristics of the first group of men that earned CPA certificates, and then traces the careers pursued by their progeny. The firms led by the first CPAs were congregated in New York's financial district and near City Hall, and included precursors of the Big 8 firms that dominated the profession during the 1970s and 1980s. The extent to which the first CPAs' occupation was transferred to their offspring was examined next, using record linkage methodology. The analysis showed that many offspring of the initial group of CPAs pursued careers in accounting, business, or law, although this occupation transfer was gendered, since only sons became CPAs. Thriving occupations are passed on to the next generation and the success of CPA children is an indicator that the accounting profession was successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of human mobility have been known to play a critical role in the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19. In this paper, we present a simple compact way to model the transmission of infectious disease through transportation networks using widely available aggregate mobility data in the form of a zone-level origin-destination (OD) travel flow matrix. A key feature of our model is that it not only captures the propagation of infection via direct connections between zones (first-order effects) as in most existing studies but also transmission effects that are due to subsequent interactions in the remainder of the system (higher-order effects). We demonstrate the importance of capturing higher-order effects in a simulation study. We then apply our model to study the first wave of COVID-19 infections in (i) Italy, and, (ii) the New York Tri-State area. We use daily data on mobility between Italian provinces (province-level OD data) and between Tri-State Area counties (county-level OD data), and daily reported caseloads at the same geographical levels. Our empirical results indicate substantial predictive power, particularly during the early stages of the outbreak. Our model forecasts at least 85% of the spatial variation in observed weekly COVID-19 cases. Most importantly, our model delivers crucial metrics to identify target areas for intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines global flows of culinary cultural knowledge, expertise and practitioners from previously culturally peripheral countries/cultures to two global cities in core countries – London and New York. Our paper finds that, contrary to Bourdieu's claims, "struggle in the field" is not an invariable attribute of cultural fields. Instead, the high-end culinary field shows substantial evidence of collaboration between chefs. We explain this finding by showing the special characteristics of the culinary field in the last odd decade, and by undertaking an in-depth examination of chefs' habitus and strategies of entry and legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beginning of the International Missionary Council (IMC) at Lake Mohonk, New York, in 1921 represented a pivot point in the life of John R. Mott (1865–1955). It symbolized for him and other participants a bold initiative in international missionary collaboration that had ramifications for liberal internationalism well beyond the Christian movement itself. World War I was devastating for millions throughout the world, but for Mott it was also a time where his influence in world affairs grew. This article focuses on the years after the war as a time of many challenges and disappointments for Mott as he struggled with nationalism, racism, and the dire effects of colonialism. Student movements which he championed (the YMCA, the World's Student Christian Federation, and the Student Volunteer Movement) also began to go in theological directions with which Mott sometimes disagreed. Mott further experienced setbacks during these post‐war years in his efforts to promote collaboration in mission. He nonetheless possessed hope for a new era of international missionary cooperation that the IMC had inaugurated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book is a collection of Ogden's papers previously published in the last six years or so. Coming to life in the consulting room: toward a new analytic sensibility: by Thomas H. Ogden, Abingdon and New York, Routledge, 2022, pp. 192, £29.99 (pb), ISBN: 9781032132648 As an example of what I mean by this, Ogden gives a clinical vignette from early on in an initial analytic meeting, when the patient said to him "I am terrified of being here", to which Ogden replied: "of course you are" (p.23). [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we propose a portmanteau test for whether a graph-structured network dataset without replicates exhibits autocorrelation across units connected by edges. Specifically, the well known Ljung-Box test for serial autocorrelation of time series data is generalized to the network setting using a specially derived central limit theorem for a weakly stationary random field. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation is shown to be chi-squared, yielding a simple and easy-to-implement procedure for testing graph-structured autocorrelation, including spatial and spatial-temporal autocorrelation as special cases. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate and confirm the derived asymptotic results. Convergence is found to occur quickly depending on the number of lags included in the test statistic, and a significant increase in statistical power is also observed relative to some recently proposed permutation tests. An example application is presented by fitting spatial autoregressive models to the distribution of COVID-19 cases across counties in New York state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments are inherently responsible for citizens' well-being. Given that achieving sustainable development ["Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs"—(WCED in Our common future, Oxford University Press, New York, 1987)] is core to the attainment and maintenance of citizens' well-being, and increasingly understood to require major transformations in integrated social, technological and ecological systems (Sachs et al. in The decade of action for the sustainable development goals: sustainable development report 2021, Cambridge, 2021), it follows that governments have a significant role in shaping transformations. Muted progress on long-standing social, environmental, and economic challenges alongside spiralling public budgets and intergenerational debt suggests, however, that public governance systems are inadequate to facilitate the transformations urgently required. Conceptualising the practice of public decision-making as a complex system, this paper investigates whether known influences on public decision-makers can be linked to Meadows' (Leverage points: places to intervene in a system, Sustainability Institute, North Charleston, 1999) leverage point framework. Finding meaningful connections, it further explores how the leverage point framework can be employed to engage decision-making influences as enablers of desirable public outcomes. It is contended that shifting decision-makers' focus one step beyond currently prevalent leverage points will set in motion the transformations in governance required to facilitate sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although interest in ESE policy studies is on the rise, we argue there is a gap in scholarship about the nature and extent of interactions between policymakers and researchers in the ESE field. This paper addresses this gap by discussing one example of such interaction – an ongoing research-practice partnership (RPP) between the New York City Department of Education Office of Sustainability and Teachers College, Columbia University. Using qualitative document analysis, we – a researcher and two policymakers – make two contributions to the literature. First, we analyze the emergence of the partnership and point to the importance of trust, social relationships, and production of local and relevant knowledge. Second, we demonstrate how policymakers use knowledge produced in the RPP to inform specific programmatic decisions (instrumental use) and to clarify assumptions about the system (conceptual use). We also show how engagement with research informs participants' views towards improving school engagement with ESE. Implications for furthering research-policy relationships in ESE include: supporting comparative and longitudinal research designs, giving more attention to the socio-political context shaping partnerships, investigating other forms of knowledge use in RPPs, and reflecting on the politics and priorities given to conducting research with policymakers that demonstrate contributions to the collective good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study Gromov hyperbolicity and related parameters, that represent how close (locally) a metric space is to a tree from a metric point of view. The study of Gromov hyperbolicity for geodesic metric spaces can be reduced to the study of graph hyperbolicity. The main contribution of this paper is a new characterization of the hyperbolicity of graphs, via a new parameter which we call rooted insize. This characterization has algorithmic implications in the field of large-scale network analysis. A sharp estimate of graph hyperbolicity is useful, e.g., in embedding an undirected graph into hyperbolic space with minimum distortion (Verbeek and Suri, in Symposium on Computational Geometry, ACM, New York, 2014). The hyperbolicity of a graph can be computed in polynomial-time, however it is unlikely that it can be done in subcubic time. This makes this parameter difficult to compute or to approximate on large graphs. Using our new characterization of graph hyperbolicity, we provide a simple factor 8 approximation algorithm (with an additive constant 1) for computing the hyperbolicity of an n-vertex graph G = (V , E) in optimal time O (n 2) (assuming that the input is the distance matrix of the graph). This algorithm leads to constant factor approximations of other graph-parameters related to hyperbolicity (thinness, slimness, and insize). We also present the first efficient algorithms for exact computation of these parameters. All of our algorithms can be used to approximate the hyperbolicity of a geodesic metric space. We also show that a similar characterization of hyperbolicity holds for all geodesic metric spaces endowed with a geodesic spanning tree. Along the way, we prove that any complete geodesic metric space (X, d) has such a geodesic spanning tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a classical survey [Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989, Chapter 16.2], Friedman proposed an open problem on the collision of two incompressible jets emerging from two axially symmetric nozzles. In this paper, we are concerned with the mathematical theory on this collision problem, and establish the well-posedness theory on hydrodynamic impinging outgoing jets issuing from two coaxial axially symmetric nozzles. More precisely, we show that for any given mass fluxes in two nozzles, respectively, there exists an incompressible, inviscid impinging outgoing jet with contact discontinuity, which issues from two given semi-infinitely long axially symmetric nozzles and extends to infinity. Moreover, the constant pressure free stream surfaces of the impinging jet initiate smoothly from the mouths of the two nozzles and shrink to some asymptotic conical surface. There exists a smooth surface separating the two incompressible fluids and the contact discontinuity occurs on the surface. Furthermore, we show that there is no stagnation point in the flow field and its closure, except one point on the symmetric axis. Some asymptotic behavior of the impinging jet in upstream and downstream, geometric properties of the free stream surfaces are also obtained. The main results in this paper solve the open problem on the collision of two incompressible axially symmetric jets in [Friedman's book]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses Nirmala Erevelles' Disability and Difference in Global Contexts: Enabling a Transformative Body Politic and Samuel R. Delaney's Times Square Red, Times Square Blue to examine the Giuliani administration's rezoning and redistricting of New York City's public sex spaces in the late '80s and early '90s as an example of "structural violence." This paper foregrounds Johan Galtung's theory of "structural violence" and Ervelles' definition of the social model of "disability" to argue that the Giuliani administration's spatial redefinition of New York (of Times Square, specifically) was a heteronormatively and capitalistically motivated initiative that effectively 'disabled' the homosexual population that frequented the homoerotic public sex spaces. The spatial redesign of Times Square supplanted Times Square's prior identity as an "entertainment area catering largely to the working classes who lived in the city," for a vision of a new Times Square that would capitalistically cater to a middleclass group of heteronormative families and tourists. This analysis reads the redistricting of New York through a disability theory lens to tease out the relationship between structural violence, capitalism, aberrant sexual identity, and conceptions of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to recognize others is a frequent assumption of models of the evolution of cooperation. At the same time, cooperative behavior has been proposed as a selective agent favoring the evolution of individual recognition abilities. Although theory predicts that recognition and cooperation may co-evolve, data linking recognition abilities and cooperative behavior with evidence of selection are elusive. Here, we provide evidence of a selective link between individual recognition and cooperation in the paper wasp Polistes fuscatus through a combination of clinal, common garden, and population genomics analyses. We identified latitudinal clines in both rates of cooperative nesting and color pattern diversity, consistent with a selective link between recognition and cooperation. In behavioral experiments, we replicated previous results demonstrating individual recognition in cooperative and phenotypically diverse P. fuscatus from New York. In contrast, wasps from a less cooperative and phenotypically uniform Louisiana population showed no evidence of individual recognition. In a common garden experiment, groups of wasps from northern populations formed more stable and individually biased associations, indicating that recognition facilitates group stability. The strength of recent positive selection on cognition-associated loci likely to mediate individual recognition is substantially greater in northern compared with southern P. fuscatus populations. Collectively, these data suggest that individual recognition and cooperative nesting behavior have co-evolved in P. fuscatus because recognition helps stabilize social groups. This work provides evidence of a specific cognitive phenotype under selection because of social interactions, supporting the idea that social behavior can be a key driver of cognitive evolution. [Display omitted] • Cooperation and signal diversity covary across the geographic range of a paper wasp • The ability to recognize individuals is related to cooperation and signal diversity • Individual recognition stabilizes social groups • Selection on social cognition genes is stronger in more cooperative populations Using three distinct approaches—a geographic cline of signal diversity and cooperation, common garden behavioral experiments, and genomic analyses of selection—Tumulty et al. show that cooperation favors the evolution of individual recognition in a cooperatively breeding paper wasp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ride-sharing systems, platform providers aim to distribute the drivers in the city to meet current and potential future demand and to avoid service cancellations. Ensuring such distribution is particularly challenging in the case of a crowdsourced fleet, as drivers are not centrally controlled but are free to decide where to reposition when idle. Thus, providers look for alternative ways to ensure a vehicle distribution that benefits users, drivers, and the provider. We propose an intuitive mean to improve idle ride-sharing vehicles' repositioning: repositioning heatmaps. These heatmaps highlight driver-specific earning opportunities approximated based on the expected future demand, current and expected future fleet distribution, and the location of the specific driver. Based on the heatmaps, drivers make decentralized yet better-informed repositioning decisions. As our heatmap policy changes the driver distribution in the future, we propose an adaptive learning algorithm for designing our heatmaps in large-scale ride-sharing systems. We simulate the system and generate heatmaps based on the previously learned policy in every iteration. We then update the policy based on the simulation's outcome and use it in the next iteration. We test our heatmap design in a comprehensive case study on New York ride-sharing data. We show that carefully designed heatmaps reduce service cancellations and therefore, revenue loss for the platform and drivers significantly while leading to a better service level for the users and to a fairer treatment of drivers. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on Machine Learning Methods and Applications in Large-Scale Route Planning Problems. Funding: This research is funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [Grant 494812908]. M. W. Ulmer's work is funded by the German Research Foundation Emmy Noether Programme [Grant 444657906]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.1202. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce and employ a multi-agent model of entry to analyze barriers to entry in the U.S. property casualty insurance industry. Our estimations are conducted at the market-year level, enabling a detailed exploration of the relative importance of barriers across three dimensions: geography, product, and time. Our findings reveal that entry barriers are both prevalent and significant in the U.S. property casualty insurance industry, with de novo entrants encountering the most challenges from product barriers across all markets. We observe that expanding across product lines is more costly than expanding across states. Particularly, New York and California exhibit the strongest state barriers. Among various product lines, our research identifies that insurance expertise in mortgage guaranty and medical professional liability insurance presents the most substantial barriers to entry. This study contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of entry barriers in the U.S. property casualty insurance industry, highlighting the importance of considering geographic and product-specific knowledge, as well as temporal factors, in the context of market entry. Through analyses across these dimensions, we enhance the understanding of the challenges faced by new entrants and shed light on the specific market conditions shaping entry barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to September 2021, USD Futures could only be traded during the regular hours in Thailand Futures Exchange (TFEX). An additional trading session at night, while trading in both London and New York exchanges is active, enables investors to better handle their foreign exchange exposure or speculative needs of the moment. However, understanding volatility behavior is crucial for achieving successful trading. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of night trading sessions on the USD Futures volatility using GARCH family models. The USD Futures market volatility is examined through comparative analysis before and after the introduction of the night trading session. Both TARCH and EGARCH models have revealed no existence of leverage effect over the sample period - from January 2, 2020 to December 30, 2022. The GARCH model has proved to be the most accurate model for describing USD Futures volatility. Following the launch of nighttime trading, USD Futures market has experienced higher and more persistent volatility. In response to an increase in the volatility of USD Futures, TFEX should increase its margin requirement and monitor the speculative movements in futures market for their possible destabilizing effect. Investors should also adjust their hedge ratio to manage risk more appropriately and incorporate an extended period of increased uncertainty into their trading strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the early life and career of William Wines Phelps, a journalist, Mason, and anti-Mason who played a significant role in the early years of Mormonism. It focuses on Phelps's time in western New York, where he edited newspapers, became a Freemason, renounced the institution, and became involved in the anti-Masonic movement. The article explores how Phelps's experiences in New York influenced his conversion to Mormonism and sheds light on the political and religious climate of the time. It also discusses the connection between Phelps's previous involvement with Freemasonry and his subsequent embrace of Joseph Smith's teachings. [Extracted from the article]

A growing body of literature demonstrates that both place attachment and social capital play considerable, and likely interdependent, roles in disaster recovery. This paper contributes to our understanding of these constructs by presenting findings from a longitudinal, mixed‐methods study of communities impacted by a home buyout program implemented in New York after Hurricane Sandy (N = 111). Results suggest a dynamic balance between place dependence, place identity, and bonding social capital, in which the relative importance of each construct can shift over time, and where losses in one of these areas may lead to cascading losses in the other areas. For buyout participants, increases in place dependence were associated with increases in bonding social capital, indicating that relocatees either regained both place dependence and bonding social capital in their new homes and communities, or they lost and did not regain both, depending on whether their new home and community met their emotional and functional needs sufficiently. For residents who remained in place, higher levels of place dependence were associated with losses in bonding social capital, reflecting the potential consequences of living in postdisaster limbo. Implications for future buyout research, policy, and practice are discussed. Highlights: There is a dynamic balance between place dependence, place identity, and social capital in disasters.Comparative data suggest significant, unrecovered losses in communities affected by home buyouts.Disaster survivors face tradeoffs in recovery between aspects of place attachment and social capitalPostdisaster relocation had negative effects on place identity and bonding social capitalWe must consider the substantial losses associated with buyouts in balance with potential benefits [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this theoretical and provocative paper our aim is to problematize universal ideals, and the closely related belief in educationalization, that frame education today. Inspired by the ethico-political work of Agamben ([2007]. Profanations. New York: Zone Books), and his focus on profane acts of play, and Zupančič’s ([2008]. The odd one in: One comedy. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press) psychoanalytical adaptation of Hegel’s ‘concrete universal’, we illustrate how universal ideals and beliefs often ‘fail’ in comic absurd ways when they are performed in concrete practices. By analyzing different examples, which stem from the research literature, we describe how such ‘failure’ looks. We argue that it is important to engage with the comic absurd as doing so can reveal how educators, politicians, and policymakers contribute to the (re)production of failures within the socio-symbolic (educational) order. However, such an engagement may enable us to ‘fail better’ in education if we also allow ourselves to question, challenge, and perhaps change this order by means of profane acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using generalizability (G-) theory as a theoretical framework and research methodology, this study examined the impact of the current one-rater holistic scoring practice on the rater variability and reliability of constructed response questions in New York State high-stakes tests of grades four and six English language arts (ELA) and grades four and five mathematics assessments. Following the New York State scoring rubrics, a total of 36 grades four and six ELA constructed response samples and 72 grades four and five mathematics constructed response samples were marked holistically by ten independent raters having current certifications as educators in the State of New York. The results indicated that the current single-rater holistic scoring practice would not be able to yield acceptable G-coefficients for the New York State grades four and six ELA and grades four and five mathematics assessments. Implications for assessment policy making at the local and state levels are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretrial detention is associated with negative health and mental health outcomes but new policies that limit its use rarely cite the impact that such changes could have on individual or family-level mental health. This paper describes the potential of mental health impact assessments to be used as a tool in policy decision-making about criminal legal system reforms. An abbreviated, retrospective mental health impact assessment of New York State's Bail Elimination Act of 2019 was undertaken based on a review of literature to illustrate how reducing pretrial detention impacts social determinants of health and, in turn, mental health. Evidence is presented about the known effects of pretrial detention on eight social determinants of health and the impacts of those on mental health. The evidence demonstrates that policy decisions have important mental health implications that should be considered as part of the deliberative process. This review supports the use of mental health impact assessments to engage communities, inform policy, and address historical inequities in the criminal justice system in order to reduce the consequent mental health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 pandemic brings to light similarities to the 1918 influenza pandemic, one of the deadliest outbreaks in United States history. The work of the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service also referred to the public health nurses for that time, was a critical part of the New York City response. This case study examined Lillian Wald's leadership in directing the public health nursing response in New York City during the second wave of the influenza pandemic, from September through December of 1918. A historical social framework was used. Primary sources included the Lillian Wald Papers in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University in New York, Wald's (1934) Windows on Henry Street, medical, public health and nursing documents, journals, and newspaper articles published during the early 20th century. Secondary source material include works by historians Sarah Abrams, Arlene Keeling, Karen Buhler‐Wilkerson, Sandra Lewenson, John Barry, and Alfred Crosby. Key findings included developing a community wide strategic plan, using data driven decisions, implementing visiting nursing services, teaching in the home, and maintaining a diverse workforce. Lessons learned can guide leadership in emergency planning, system change, infection control and disease prevention, all familiar practices of public health nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accounting valuation model suggests that the differences between predicted, and market shares-prices are considered as valuation errors while the finance valuation approach proposes that these differences are due to the sentiment of investors. In this paper, we use a new version of the residual income valuation model using American data to calculate the fundamental value of a stock and then examine whether price deviations from their fundamental values are due to macroeconomic or psychological factors. The results show that these differences are explained by important macroeconomic and psychological variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfires are a significant source of PM2.5 that adversely affect local and regional air quality. However, tracking wildfire smoke and their impacts are difficult. This study explores how a ground‐based Doppler lidar network can improve monitoring of long‐range transported wildfire smoke. As a case study, this paper reviews the transported wildfire smoke and its impact on air quality across New York State (NYS) during two events: 18–21 and 25–27 July 2021. Observations of wildfire smoke and enhancement of PM2.5 across NYS during those events were consistent across ground‐based sensors, satellites, back trajectory analyses, and model forecasts. However, for some of the days, the model over/under‐forecasted smoke plumes. Overall, this study highlights the value of the NYS Mesonet Profiler Network to monitor wildfire smoke with high spatiotemporal resolution. Such a relatively dense network can be a valuable observational tool for evaluating PM2.5, and aiding satellite measurements and air quality forecasting models. Plain Language Summary: Anthropogenic emissions of PM2.5 have declined across New York State (NYS) and nationally over the last two decades. However, increasing frequency and intensity of wildfire activity threatens to reverse this long‐term PM2.5 trend. During July 2021, wildfire smoke from Southern Canada and Northwestern US significantly elevated PM2.5 (in exceedance of the US EPA standards) 5,000 km away in NYS. Yet, air quality forecasting models performed poorly in the presence of the wildfire smoke. Thus, it has become increasingly important to monitor transported wildfire smoke and understand its impact on surface air‐quality. The New York State Mesonet Profiler Network is one such tool that can be used to monitor long‐range transported wildfire smoke, track its vertical and spatial extent across NYS in real‐time, assess its impact on air quality and complement/augment air quality forecasting models and satellite observations. Key Points: A long‐range transported wildfire smoke event significantly enhanced PM2.5 across New York State in July 2021Multi‐platform observations are used to understand the details of the eventA lidar network can help to monitor smoke event, assess impacts on surface PM2.5, aid satellite measurements and improve forecasting models [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waters around Suffolk County, New York, are plagued by water quality concerns from nitrogen inputs, algal blooms, and eutrophication. Meanwhile, waterfront and near-water homes fuel a robust real estate market with many iconic regions, such as the Hamptons. Aging cesspools and septic systems are a paramount concern in the area. With approximately 74% of homes outside sewer systems, several jurisdictions are evaluating approaches to funding retrofits that would improve septic systems and water quality. It is therefore an ideal location to assess the impact that water quality has on home values; this paper investigates property sales near the Long Island Sound, South Shore Bays, and Peconic Estuary System. Results show that water quality has a significant impact on nearby home sales, with the largest effects generally seen nearest to the coastline. These results inform a discussion about potential benefits and costs of widespread septic tank and cesspool retrofitting, which is currently incentivized by grant and loan programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Regression analysis is one of the most widely used statistical techniques. It is well known that the least squares estimates is sensitive to atypical and/or influential observations. Many methodologies were proposed to detect influential observations considering case deletion (global influence). On the other hand, Cook (J R Stat Soc Ser B 48(2):133–169, 1986) developed a general and powerful methodology to obtain a group of observations that might be jointly influential considering the local influence. However, these techniques may fail to detect masked influential observations. In this paper, we propose a methodology to detect masked influential observations in a local influence framework considering the forward search (Atkinson and Riani, Robust diagnostic regression analysis, Springer, New York, 2000). The usefulness of the proposed methodology is illustrated with data sets which were previously analyzed in the literature to detect outliers and/or influential observations. Masked influential observations were successfully identified in these studies. The proposed methodology may be used in any model where the local influence analysis (Cook 1986) is appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study conducts a pilot test analyzing reports from New York, New Jersey, and California and uses textual analytics to reengineer government performance audit reporting. It advocates a performance audit database that can facilitate easier access and extract relevant information from lengthy reports in a timely manner. The study presents a framework to identify the commonalities and differences in terminologies used by sampled states, evaluates and extracts relevant content from the reports according to Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards requirements, and constructs a taxonomy specific to government performance audits. Furthermore, this study investigates the disclosure quality by examining linguistic and similarity features, such as report length, specificity, readability, comprehensibility, and content similarity. This paper raises attention to a key legislative task that requires reporting reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth homicide by police in the U.S. remain a public health and safety concern. The purpose of this paper was to understand the impact of police killings on the lives of the family and community of youth victims. Participants were representative of 10 youth killed by police in 2016 and 2017 in seven cities and three states in Northeast U.S., including New York, New Jersey, and Maryland. Thirty-five adults participated in this research. This study utilized an in-depth interview design, along with in-depth and public interviews for data collection. Grounded theory approaches were used for data analysis. Findings produced several major themes surrounding the experiences of survivors of youth homicide by police, including living with trauma, meaning of state violence, holding police accountable, and limited resources and support following police killings. These themes were indicative of the mental, emotional, and social challenges experienced by survivors of youth homicide by police. Implications for service providers and researchers who work with families and communities of youth victims of police homicide are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Weill Cornell Medicine Wellness Qlinic (Wellness Qlinic) is a student-run mental health clinic serving the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ +) community in New York City. Student-run clinics have successfully provided primary care to underserved communities experiencing barriers to accessing health care. Psychiatric evaluation and medication management have also been implemented in several student-run clinics, but providing sustainable psychotherapy services has been a challenge. In this paper, we present a student-run mental health program incorporating interdisciplinary trainees to provide robust short-term psychiatric treatment, including individual psychotherapy, medication management, and group therapy. Results of a chart-review study to evaluate patient engagement and treatment outcomes are presented. The Wellness Qlinic's treatment model resulted in 90% patient retention and positive clinical outcomes for patients while addressing an education and training gap in LGBTQ + mental health for multidisciplinary mental health care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

COVID‐19 has led to procedural changes in vascular access services to protect healthcare workers and patients from further spread of the virus. Operational changes made by the vascular access service at a healthcare system in New York City during the first wave of the COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic included a team‐based approach as well as consideration for types of lines placed to address the increase in patient volume while providing safety to healthcare workers and conserving personal protective equipment. The study consists of two samples of adult inpatients admitted to Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City in need of vascular access. Chi‐square tests of independence were used to analyze trends in data. By the fourth wave, usage of shorter lifespan ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous lines increased significantly and the use of longer lasting intravenous catheters decreased significantly between the first and fourth waves of COVID‐19. This paper aims to show that with greater knowledge about proper personal protective equipment and mindful resource use, hospitals are able to become more comfortable and efficient while providing increasingly frequent vascular access services in the current and future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a demand for noncontact, high-accuracy, high-spatial-resolution, wireless sensing technologies for various water level and coastal monitoring applications. This paper presents a low-cost, compact, easily configurable interferometry radar for noncontact water level monitoring, including its hardware design, signal processing algorithms, and wireless communication strategies. Interferometry radar measures distance by comparing the phase lag between reflected and transmitted signals. Water level measurements using this approach have been demonstrated in a solitary wave laboratory experiment, a field deployment observing wave run-up near Ponte Vedra, Florida, and a field deployment observing waves and tides in the Sparkill Creek located in Piermont, New York. The experimental results from the radars with millimeter-level accuracy have been compared with reference sensors and demonstrate the potential of continuous wave radar for water level observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In 2019 the United States experienced the largest outbreak of measles in 27 years, 19 years after the United States declared measles eliminated. The purpose of this paper was to present a population study of a measles outbreak within Orthodox Jewish communities in New York that led to the elimination of religious exemption for school mandated vaccines. Methods: Peer reviewed articles, news media, health department, and government resources were used to investigate environmental factors that led to this outbreak. State, county, and city immunization records were accessed to explore measles compliance rates before and after policy change. Results: Rockland County had low compliance rates compared to the rest of the state, and the elimination of religious exemptions raised compliance rate almost to state level. In all but one affected New York City zip codes, compliance following policy change rose to 97.95%–99.15%. Conclusions: Overall, changes in measles compliance rates reflect policy goals, but localized differences imply a need for more customized interventions for each unique community. Public health planning to promote vaccination should be sensitive to the concerns and perceptions of each community in order for health interventions to have a positive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Pamukkale University, Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the nineteenth century, New York State established poorhouses in each county. By the next century, most had been converted to elder care institutions or hospitals. Patients who died without family or means for burial elsewhere were interred on-site in graves marked with small numbered grave stones or wooden markers. After the institutions closed, markers were lost and cemeteries were destroyed by development. This paper describes an exception, the Brier Hill cemetery of the Dutchess County Poorhouse. Approximately 300 original concrete markers are present and remote sensing suggests an additional 500 individuals are in now unmarked graves. Efforts to document, preserve, and protect the Brier Hill cemetery, without disturbing the dead, have revealed how social relationships shaped the cemetery population. While most archaeological studies of poorhouses cemeteries focus on biology of poverty, our work suggests that having friends, literally or figuratively, may have made all the difference in how and where the poor were laid to rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This paper aimed to identify the technology frontiers of artificial intelligence-assisted pathology based on patent citation network. Methods: Patents related to artificial intelligence-assisted pathology were searched and collected from the Derwent Innovation Index (DII), which were imported into Derwent Data Analyzer (DDA, Clarivate Derwent, New York, NY, USA) for authority control, and imported into the freely available computer program Ucinet 6 for drawing the patent citation network. The patent citation network according to the citation relationship could describe the technology development context in the field of artificial intelligence-assisted pathology. The patent citations were extracted from the collected patent data, selected highly cited patents to form a co-occurrence matrix, and built a patent citation network based on the co-occurrence matrix in each period. Text clustering is an unsupervised learning method, an important method in text mining, where similar documents are grouped into clusters. The similarity between documents are determined by calculating the distance between them, and the two documents with the closest distance are combined. The method of text clustering was used to identify the technology frontiers based on the patent citation network, which was according to co-word analysis of the title and abstract of the patents in this field. Results: 1704 patents were obtained in the field of artificial intelligence-assisted pathology, which had been currently undergoing three stages, namely the budding period (1992–2000), the development period (2001–2015), and the rapid growth period (2016–2021). There were two technology frontiers in the budding period (1992–2000), namely systems and methods for image data processing in computerized tomography (CT), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), five technology frontiers in the development period (2001–2015), namely spectral analysis methods of biomacromolecules, pathological information system, diagnostic biomarkers, molecular pathology diagnosis, and pathological diagnosis antibody, and six technology frontiers in the rapid growth period (2016–2021), namely digital pathology (DP), deep learning (DL) algorithms—convolutional neural networks (CNN), disease prediction models, computational pathology, pathological image analysis method, and intelligent pathological system. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence-assisted pathology was currently in a rapid development period, and computational pathology, DL and other technologies in this period all involved the study of algorithms. Future research hotspots in this field would focus on algorithm improvement and intelligent diagnosis in order to realize the precise diagnosis. The results of this study presented an overview of the characteristics of research status and development trends in the field of artificial intelligence-assisted pathology, which could help readers broaden innovative ideas and discover new technological opportunities, and also served as important indicators for government policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate demand prediction is an essential component of any decision support system for smart vehicle dispatching. However, predicting real time demand at the micro-geographical level is a challenging task due to its underlying complexity, and prior work has focused largely on predicting one-step-ahead demand at a macro-geographical level, often using classical times series models that do not consider exogenous factors or quantify the prediction uncertainty in a probabilistic setting. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning-based framework with a novel architecture to predict multi-step-ahead real time travel demand, along with uncertainty estimation. The model is multi-stage and captures both spatial and temporal aspects. We employ the encoder-decoder framework with variations of convolution and LSTM units, and incorporate an attention mechanism into the model to quantify the interdependence between the input and output elements. We illustrate our model using two real data sets: a taxi and a ride-sharing service (Uber) for the city of New York. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a Multiple Airport Region (MAR) could lead to fierce competition. To evaluate the level of homogenization between airports in a MAR, a homogenization evaluation method based on multi-dimensional indicators was developed. A multi-dimensional indicator system is proposed that takes into account infrastructure, integrated support, operational efficiency and airline networks. Then the Critic method and the Delphi method are used to assign hierarchical weights for each dimension of the indicators. The multi-layer homogenization matrix of the airport pairs within the MAR is derived. For airport pairs with high comprehensive homogenization, suggestions are provided according to analysis of the indicators. This study paper selected three typical MARs internationally to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach. The airport pairs with high a homogenous coefficient (greater than 0.5) were selected to analyze the reasons causing high homogeneity. Results show that the multi-dimensional indicators and hierarchical fusion captured the characteristics of the homogenization of MAR. Most airport pairs in New York MAR and in London MAR had strong differentiation of route network layout, airport pairs in Greater Bay MAR had ambiguous division of labor and low homogenization of route network, except CAN and SZX airports. Suggestions are discussed separately to mitigate the homogeneity of the airports in the MAS, thus, to improve the operation performance of the MARs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Bourlard and Kamp (Biol Cybern 59(4):291–294, 1998), it was theoretically proven that autoencoders (AE) with single hidden layer (previously called "auto-associative multilayer perceptrons") were, in the best case, implementing singular value decomposition (SVD) Golub and Reinsch (Linear algebra, Singular value decomposition and least squares solutions, pp 134–151. Springer, 1971), equivalent to principal component analysis (PCA) Hotelling (Educ Psychol 24(6/7):417–441, 1993); Jolliffe (Principal component analysis, springer series in statistics, 2nd edn. Springer, New York). That is, AE are able to derive the eigenvalues that represent the amount of variance covered by each component even with the presence of the nonlinear function (sigmoid-like, or any other nonlinear functions) present on their hidden units. Today, with the renewed interest in "deep neural networks" (DNN), multiple types of (deep) AE are being investigated as an alternative to manifold learning Cayton (Univ California San Diego Tech Rep 12(1–17):1, 2005) for conducting nonlinear feature extraction or fusion, each with its own specific (expected) properties. Many of those AE are currently being developed as powerful, nonlinear encoder–decoder models, or used to generate reduced and discriminant feature sets that are more amenable to different modeling and classification tasks. In this paper, we start by recalling and further clarifying the main conclusions of Bourlard and Kamp (Biol Cybern 59(4):291–294, 1998), supporting them by extensive empirical evidences, which were not possible to be provided previously (in 1988), due to the dataset and processing limitations. Upon full understanding of the underlying mechanisms, we show that it remains hard (although feasible) to go beyond the state-of-the-art PCA/SVD techniques for auto-association. Finally, we present a brief overview on different autoencoder models that are mainly in use today and discuss their rationale, relations and application areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus pandemic highlighted the deep-rooted links between poor housing and poor health, particularly for working class communities of colour, for whom the right to the city is systemically undermined by unaffordable, precarious and sub-standard housing. This paper examines these issues against the background of a grassroots movement against evictions in New York during 2021. It describes and discusses the organisation, tactics and strategies of that movement as it attempted to challenge the dominance and norms of the real estate industry. It suggests that the pandemic engendered a radical shift in the demands of tenant and housing justice organisations, which led to New York being virtually eviction free for 22 months. While this success partly arises from the particular circumstances of New York, it is argued that there are lessons to be learned for housing campaigns elsewhere. However, questions are raised about the extent to which 'professionalised activism' represents a sustainable model and the capacity for local mobiisations to influence national political forces at a time of unprecedented volatility in an age of crisis capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]