Search

Your search keyword '"Baker, Stephen"' showing total 1,215 results
Start Over Author "Baker, Stephen" Publication Year Range Last 10 years Language english
1,215 results on '"Baker, Stephen"'

10. The rapid detection of respiratory pathogens in critically ill children

Author

Clark, John A., Conway Morris, Andrew, Curran, Martin D., White, Deborah, Daubney, Esther, Kean, Iain R. L., Navapurkar, Vilas, Bartholdson Scott, Josefin, Maes, Mailis, Bousfield, Rachel, Török, M. Estée, Inwald, David, Zhang, Zhenguang, Agrawal, Shruti, Kanaris, Constantinos, Khokhar, Fahad, Gouliouris, Theodore, Baker, Stephen, and Pathan, Nazima

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Incidence of typhoid fever in Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, and Nigeria (the Severe Typhoid in Africa programme): a population-based study

Author

Marks, Florian, Im, Justin, Park, Se Eun, Pak, Gi Deok, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Wandji Nana, Lady Rosny, Phoba, Marie-France, Mbuyi-Kalonji, Lisette, Mogeni, Ondari D, Yeshitela, Biruk, Panzner, Ursula, Cruz Espinoza, Ligia María, Beyene, Tigist, Owusu-Ansah, Michael, Twumasi-Ankrah, Sampson, Yeshambaw, Melese, Alemu, Ashenafi, Adewusi, Oluwafemi J, Adekanmbi, Olukemi, Higginson, Ellen, Adepoju, Akinlolu, Agbi, Sarah, Cakpo, Enoch G, Ogunleye, Veronica O, Tunda, Gaëlle Nkoji, Ikhimiukor, Odion O, Mbuyamba, Jules, Toy, Trevor, Agyapong, Francis Opoku, Osei, Isaac, Amuasi, John, Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Nyirenda, Gabriel, Randriamampionona, Njariharinjakampionona, Seo, Hyeong Won, Seo, Hyejin, Siribie, Mohamadou, Carey, Megan E, Owusu, Michael, Meyer, Christian G, Rakotozandrindrainy, Ndrainaharimira, Sarpong, Nimarko, Razafindrakalia, Mathilde, Razafimanantsoa, Ravomialisoa, Ouedraogo, Moussa, Kim, Yeonseon J, Lee, Jooah, Zellweger, Raphaël M, Kang, Sophie S Y, Park, Ju Yeon, Crump, John A, Hardy, Liselotte, Jacobs, Jan, Garrett, Denise O, Andrews, Jason R, Poudyal, Nimesh, Kim, Deok Ryun, Clemens, John D, Baker, Stephen G, Kim, Jerome H, Dougan, Gordon, Sugimoto, Jonathan D, Van Puyvelde, Sandra, Kehinde, Aderemi, Popoola, Oluwafemi A, Mogasale, Vittal, Breiman, Robert F, MacWright, William R, Aseffa, Abraham, Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun, Haselbeck, Andrea, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Teferi, Mekonnen, Bassiahi, Abdramane Soura, Okeke, Iruka N, Lunguya-Metila, Octavie, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, and Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphaël

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2

Author

Brevini, Teresa, Maes, Mailis, Webb, Gwilym J., John, Binu V., Fuchs, Claudia D., Buescher, Gustav, Wang, Lu, Griffiths, Chelsea, Brown, Marnie L., Scott, III, William E., Pereyra-Gerber, Pehuén, Gelson, William T. H., Brown, Stephanie, Dillon, Scott, Muraro, Daniele, Sharp, Jo, Neary, Megan, Box, Helen, Tatham, Lee, Stewart, James, Curley, Paul, Pertinez, Henry, Forrest, Sally, Mlcochova, Petra, Varankar, Sagar S., Darvish-Damavandi, Mahnaz, Mulcahy, Victoria L., Kuc, Rhoda E., Williams, Thomas L., Heslop, James A., Rossetti, Davide, Tysoe, Olivia C., Galanakis, Vasileios, Vila-Gonzalez, Marta, Crozier, Thomas W. M., Bargehr, Johannes, Sinha, Sanjay, Upponi, Sara S., Fear, Corrina, Swift, Lisa, Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh, Davies, Susan E., Wester, Axel, Hagström, Hannes, Melum, Espen, Clements, Darran, Humphreys, Peter, Herriott, Jo, Kijak, Edyta, Cox, Helen, Bramwell, Chloe, Valentijn, Anthony, Illingworth, Christopher J. R., Dahman, Bassam, Bastaich, Dustin R., Ferreira, Raphaella D., Marjot, Thomas, Barnes, Eleanor, Moon, Andrew M., Barritt, IV, Alfred S., Gupta, Ravindra K., Baker, Stephen, Davenport, Anthony P., Corbett, Gareth, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., Buczacki, Simon J. A., Lee, Joo-Hyeon, Matheson, Nicholas J., Trauner, Michael, Fisher, Andrew J., Gibbs, Paul, Butler, Andrew J., Watson, Christopher J. E., Mells, George F., Dougan, Gordon, Owen, Andrew, Lohse, Ansgar W., Vallier, Ludovic, and Sampaziotis, Fotios

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Pathogen diversity and antimicrobial resistance transmission of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Malawi: a genomic epidemiological study

Author

Banda, Happy C, Biswas, Prasanta K, Bhuiyan, Md A I, Blohmke, Christoph, Darton, Thomas C, Dolecek, Christiane, Dongol, Sabina, Mujadidi, Yama F, Hill, Jennifer, Hoang, Nhu T, Jere, Tikhala M, Mbewe, Maurice, Msuku, Harrison, Nga, Tran V T, Nkhata, Rose, Rahman, Sadia IA, Rahman, Nazia, Saad, Neil J, Tan, Trinh V, Thindwa, Deus, Voysey, Merryn, Wachepa, Richard, Dyson, Zoe A, Ashton, Philip M, Khanam, Farhana, Chunga Chirambo, Angeziwa, Shakya, Mila, Meiring, James E, Tonks, Susan, Karkey, Abhilasha, Msefula, Chisomo, Clemens, John D, Dunstan, Sarah J, Baker, Stephen, Dougan, Gordon, Pitzer, Virginia E, Basnyat, Buddha, Qadri, Firdausi, Heyderman, Robert S, Gordon, Melita A, Pollard, Andrew J, and Holt, Kathryn E

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Aetiology and Potential Animal Exposure in Central Nervous System Infections in Vietnam

Author

Brindle, Hannah E., Nadjm, Behzad, Choisy, Marc, Christley, Rob, Griffiths, Michael, Baker, Stephen, Bryant, Juliet E., Campbell, James I., Nguyen, Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Diep, Vu, Ty Thi Hang, Nguyen, Van Hung, Hoang, Bao Long, Le, Xuan Luat, Pham, Ha My, Ta, Thi Dieu Ngan, Ho, Dang Trung Nghia, Tran, Thua Nguyen, Nguyen, Thi Han Ny, Tran, My Phuc, Pham, Thi Hong Phuong, Le, Van Tan, Nguyen, Dac Thuan, Hau, Thi Thu Trang, Nguyen, Ngoc Vinh, Wertheim, Heiman F. L., Thwaites, Guy E., and van Doorn, H. Rogier

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Correction: Aetiology and Potential Animal Exposure in Central Nervous System Infections in Vietnam

Author

Brindle, Hannah E., Nadjm, Behzad, Choisy, Marc, Christley, Rob, Griffiths, Michael, Baker, Stephen, Bryant, Juliet E., Campbell, James I., Nguyen, Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Diep, Vu, Ty Thi Hang, Nguyen, Van Hung, Hoang, Bao Long, Le, Xuan Luat, Pham, Ha My, Ta, Thi Dieu Ngan, Ho, Dang Trung Nghia, Tran, Thua Nguyen, Nguyen, Thi Han Ny, Tran, My Phuc, Pham, Thi Hong Phuong, Le, Van Tan, Nguyen, Dac Thuan, Hau, Thi Thu Trang, Nguyen, Ngoc Vinh, Wertheim, Heiman F. L., Thwaites, Guy E., and van Doorn, H. Rogier

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Tumour microbiomes and Fusobacterium genomics in Vietnamese colorectal cancer patients

Author

Tran, Hoang N. H., Thu, Trang Nguyen Hoang, Nguyen, Phu Huu, Vo, Chi Nguyen, Doan, Khanh Van, Nguyen Ngoc Minh, Chau, Nguyen, Ngoc Tuan, Ta, Van Ngoc Duc, Vu, Khuong An, Hua, Thanh Danh, Nguyen, To Nguyen Thi, Van, Tan Trinh, Pham Duc, Trung, Duong, Ba Lap, Nguyen, Phuc Minh, Hoang, Vinh Chuc, Pham, Duy Thanh, Thwaites, Guy E., Hall, Lindsay J., Slade, Daniel J., Baker, Stephen, Tran, Vinh Hung, and Chung The, Hao

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. SARS-COV-2 vaccine responses in renal patient populations

Author

Smith, Rona M., Cooper, Daniel J., Doffinger, Rainer, Stacey, Hannah, Al-Mohammad, Abdulrahman, Goodfellow, Ian, Baker, Stephen, Lear, Sara, Hosmilo, Myra, Pritchard, Nicholas, Torpey, Nicholas, Jayne, David, Yiu, Vivien, Chalisey, Anil, Lee, Jacinta, Vilnar, Enric, Cheung, Chee Kay, and Jones, Rachel B.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis

Author

Murray, Christopher J L, Ikuta, Kevin Shunji, Sharara, Fablina, Swetschinski, Lucien, Robles Aguilar, Gisela, Gray, Authia, Han, Chieh, Bisignano, Catherine, Rao, Puja, Wool, Eve, Johnson, Sarah C, Browne, Annie J, Chipeta, Michael Give, Fell, Frederick, Hackett, Sean, Haines-Woodhouse, Georgina, Kashef Hamadani, Bahar H, Kumaran, Emmanuelle A P, McManigal, Barney, Achalapong, Sureeruk, Agarwal, Ramesh, Akech, Samuel, Albertson, Samuel, Amuasi, John, Andrews, Jason, Aravkin, Aleskandr, Ashley, Elizabeth, Babin, François-Xavier, Bailey, Freddie, Baker, Stephen, Basnyat, Buddha, Bekker, Adrie, Bender, Rose, Berkley, James A, Bethou, Adhisivam, Bielicki, Julia, Boonkasidecha, Suppawat, Bukosia, James, Carvalheiro, Cristina, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos, Chansamouth, Vilada, Chaurasia, Suman, Chiurchiù, Sara, Chowdhury, Fazle, Clotaire Donatien, Rafai, Cook, Aislinn J, Cooper, Ben, Cressey, Tim R, Criollo-Mora, Elia, Cunningham, Matthew, Darboe, Saffiatou, Day, Nicholas P J, De Luca, Maia, Dokova, Klara, Dramowski, Angela, Dunachie, Susanna J, Duong Bich, Thuy, Eckmanns, Tim, Eibach, Daniel, Emami, Amir, Feasey, Nicholas, Fisher-Pearson, Natasha, Forrest, Karen, Garcia, Coralith, Garrett, Denise, Gastmeier, Petra, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Greer, Rachel Claire, Gupta, Vikas, Haller, Sebastian, Haselbeck, Andrea, Hay, Simon I, Holm, Marianne, Hopkins, Susan, Hsia, Yingfen, Iregbu, Kenneth C, Jacobs, Jan, Jarovsky, Daniel, Javanmardi, Fatemeh, Jenney, Adam W J, Khorana, Meera, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kobeissi, Elsa, Kostyanev, Tomislav, Krapp, Fiorella, Krumkamp, Ralf, Kumar, Ajay, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lim, Cherry, Lim, Kruy, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, Loftus, Michael James, Lunn, Miles, Ma, Jianing, Manoharan, Anand, Marks, Florian, May, Jürgen, Mayxay, Mayfong, Mturi, Neema, Munera-Huertas, Tatiana, Musicha, Patrick, Musila, Lilian A, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa Marcia, Naidu, Ravi Narayan, Nakamura, Tomoka, Nanavati, Ruchi, Nangia, Sushma, Newton, Paul, Ngoun, Chanpheaktra, Novotney, Amanda, Nwakanma, Davis, Obiero, Christina W, Ochoa, Theresa J, Olivas-Martinez, Antonio, Olliaro, Piero, Ooko, Ednah, Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar, Ounchanum, Pradthana, Pak, Gideok D, Paredes, Jose Luis, Peleg, Anton Yariv, Perrone, Carlo, Phe, Thong, Phommasone, Koukeo, Plakkal, Nishad, Ponce-de-Leon, Alfredo, Raad, Mathieu, Ramdin, Tanusha, Rattanavong, Sayaphet, Riddell, Amy, Roberts, Tamalee, Robotham, Julie Victoria, Roca, Anna, Rosenthal, Victor Daniel, Rudd, Kristina E, Russell, Neal, Sader, Helio S, Saengchan, Weerawut, Schnall, Jesse, Scott, John Anthony Gerard, Seekaew, Samroeng, Sharland, Mike, Shivamallappa, Madhusudhan, Sifuentes-Osornio, Jose, Simpson, Andrew J, Steenkeste, Nicolas, Stewardson, Andrew James, Stoeva, Temenuga, Tasak, Nidanuch, Thaiprakong, Areerat, Thwaites, Guy, Tigoi, Caroline, Turner, Claudia, Turner, Paul, van Doorn, H Rogier, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Vongpradith, Avina, Vongsouvath, Manivanh, Vu, Huong, Walsh, Timothy, Walson, Judd L, Waner, Seymour, Wangrangsimakul, Tri, Wannapinij, Prapass, Wozniak, Teresa, Young Sharma, Tracey E M W, Yu, Kalvin C, Zheng, Peng, Sartorius, Benn, Lopez, Alan D, Stergachis, Andy, Moore, Catrin, Dolecek, Christiane, and Naghavi, Mohsen

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. THE FAKE MATE

Author

Baker, Stephen

Subjects
Literature/writing
Abstract

THE FAKE MATE Lana Ferguson Read by Samantha Summers, Joe Arden Samantha Summers and Joe Arden combine their talents to share the romance between shape-shifting doctors Mackenzie Carter and Noah [...]

Published
2024

38. Mentoring

Author

Baker, Stephen A.

Subjects
Law schools, Mentors, Law students, Law
Abstract

Mentoring for inexperienced lawyers is fine, albeit too little and too late. Lawyers are arguably the only educated professionals in which a degree and certification (i.e., bar passage) does not [...]

Published
2024

39. The origins of haplotype 58 (H58) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

Author

Carey, Megan E., Thi Nguyen, To Nguyen, Tran, Do Hoang Nhu, Dyson, Zoe A., Keane, Jacqueline A., Pham Thanh, Duy, Mylona, Elli, Nair, Satheesh, Chattaway, Marie, and Baker, Stephen

Subjects
HAPLOTYPES, THIRD generation cephalosporins, TYPHOID fever, SALMONELLA enterica serovar Typhi, SALMONELLA typhi
Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to the clinical management of typhoid fever. AMR in Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is commonly associated with the H58 lineage, a lineage that arose comparatively recently before becoming globally disseminated. To better understand when and how H58 emerged and became dominant, we performed detailed phylogenetic analyses on contemporary genome sequences from S. Typhi isolated in the period spanning the emergence. Our dataset, which contains the earliest described H58 S. Typhi organism, indicates that ancestral H58 organisms were already multi-drug resistant (MDR). These organisms emerged spontaneously in India in 1987 and became radially distributed throughout South Asia and then globally in the ensuing years. These early organisms were associated with a single long branch, possessing mutations associated with increased bile tolerance, suggesting that the first H58 organism was generated during chronic carriage. The subsequent use of fluoroquinolones led to several independent mutations in gyrA. The ability of H58 to acquire and maintain AMR genes continues to pose a threat, as extensively drug-resistant (XDR; MDR plus resistance to ciprofloxacin and third generation cephalosporins) variants, have emerged recently in this lineage. Understanding where and how H58 S. Typhi originated and became successful is key to understand how AMR drives successful lineages of bacterial pathogens. Additionally, these data can inform optimal targeting of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) for reducing the potential for emergence and the impact of new drug-resistant variants. Emphasis should also be placed upon the prospective identification and treatment of chronic carriers to prevent the emergence of new drug resistant variants with the ability to spread efficiently. A phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella Typhi isolated from returning travelers to the United Kingdom between 1980 and 1995 suggests that H58 emerged from a chronic carrier in India in 1987 before spreading globally and was already multidrug resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Author

Mylona, Elli, Pham Thanh, Duy, Keane, Jacqueline A., Dongol, Sabina, Basnyat, Buddha, Dolecek, Christiane, Voong Vinh, Phat, Tran Vu Thieu, Nga, Nguyen Thi Nguyen, To, Karkey, Abhilasha, and Baker, Stephen

Subjects
SALMONELLA enterica serovar Typhi, TYPHOID fever, LOCATION data, SALMONELLA typhi, WHOLE genome sequencing, SALMONELLA
Abstract

Salmonella Paratyphi A, one of the major etiologic agents of enteric fever, has increased in prevalence in recent decades in certain endemic regions in comparison to S. Typhi, the most prevalent cause of enteric fever. Despite this increase, data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of S. Paratyphi A remain generally scarce. Here, we analysed the whole genome sequences of 216 S. Paratyphi A isolates originating from Kathmandu, Nepal between 2005 and 2014, of which 200 were from patients with acute enteric fever and 16 from the gallbladder of people with suspected chronic carriage. By exploiting the recently developed genotyping framework for S. Paratyphi A (Paratype), we identified several genotypes circulating in Kathmandu. Notably, we observed an unusual clonal expansion of genotype 2.4.3 over a four-year period that spread geographically and systematically replaced other genotypes. This rapid genotype replacement is hypothesised to have been driven by both reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and genetic changes to virulence factors, such as functional and structural genes encoding the type 3 secretion systems. Finally, we show that person-to-person is likely the most common mode of transmission and chronic carriers seem to play a limited role in maintaining disease circulation. Author summary: Enteric (typhoid) fever is caused by bacteria of Salmonella enterica species, specifically Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A. While the former is most commonly identified as the causative agent of enteric fever, S. Paratyphi A is increasing in prevalence in many endemic areas like Nepal. However, the understanding of the phylogenetic structure and population dynamics of this organism, as well as transmission patterns, remains incomplete. Here, we provide a detailed phylogenetic analysis of S. Paratyphi A isolated from enteric fever patients in Nepal through whole genome sequence analysis, combined with epidemiological observations, such as water source use, and chronological and location data. We observed an unusual expansion of a genotype (genetic ID) that replaced other genotypes in the area, indicative of changes in circulating population composition. This expansion is hypothesised to have been driven by reduction in antibiotic susceptibility and changes on bacterial structures that are important for pathogenicity. Our data also suggest person-to-person as the most likely mode of transmission for this pathogen. Understanding of S. Paratyphi A population structure, sources of infection, and transmission will help develop policies for enteric fever management, particularly prior to vaccine introduction, as changes in population composition may affect vaccine efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Combining machine learning with high-content imaging to infer ciprofloxacin susceptibility in isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium.

Author

Tran, Tuan-Anh, Sridhar, Sushmita, Reece, Stephen T., Lunguya, Octavie, Jacobs, Jan, Van Puyvelde, Sandra, Marks, Florian, Dougan, Gordon, Thomson, Nicholas R., Nguyen, Binh T., Bao, Pham The, and Baker, Stephen

Subjects
MACHINE learning, CIPROFLOXACIN, HIGH resolution imaging, SALMONELLA diseases, BACTERIAL cells
Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health crisis that requires innovative solutions. Current susceptibility testing approaches limit our ability to rapidly distinguish between antimicrobial-susceptible and -resistant organisms. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an enteric pathogen responsible for severe gastrointestinal illness and invasive disease. Despite widespread resistance, ciprofloxacin remains a common treatment for Salmonella infections, particularly in lower-resource settings, where the drug is given empirically. Here, we exploit high-content imaging to generate deep phenotyping of S. Typhimurium isolates longitudinally exposed to increasing concentrations of ciprofloxacin. We apply machine learning algorithms to the imaging data and demonstrate that individual isolates display distinct growth and morphological characteristics that cluster by time point and susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, which occur independently of ciprofloxacin exposure. Using a further set of S. Typhimurium clinical isolates, we find that machine learning classifiers can accurately predict ciprofloxacin susceptibility without exposure to it or any prior knowledge of resistance phenotype. These results demonstrate the principle of using high-content imaging with machine learning algorithms to predict drug susceptibility of clinical bacterial isolates. This technique may be an important tool in understanding the morphological impact of antimicrobials on the bacterial cell to identify drugs with new modes of action. In this work, authors combine high resolution imaging and machine learning to infer drug susceptibility in the absence of antimicrobial exposure, with the goal of their method to be transposed to diagnostics and study of the impact of any perturbation on bacterial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. The frequency and associated factors of typhoid carriage in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study.

Author

Qureshi, Sonia, Maria, Noshi, Chawla, Tabish, Iqbal, Junaid, Kazi, Abdul Momin, Adnan, Mehreen, Hotwani, Aneeta, Rahman, Najeeb, Sadiq, Muhammed Wahhaab, Charles, Richelle, Baker, Stephen, and Qamar, Farah Naz

Subjects
TYPHOID fever, SALMONELLA enterica serovar Typhi, GALLBLADDER, CHOLECYSTECTOMY, SALMONELLA typhi, BACTERIOPHAGE typing, CROSS-sectional method, SALMONELLA detection
Abstract

Background: Enteric fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi (S. Typhi) and Paratyphi A, B, and C. It continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In highly endemic areas, children are disproportionately affected, and antimicrobial resistance reduces therapeutic options. It is estimated that 2–5% of enteric fever patients develop chronic asymptomatic infection. These carriers may act as reservoirs of infection; therefore, the prospective identification and treatment of carriers are critical for long-term disease control. We aimed to find the frequency of Salmonella Typhi carriers in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. We also compared the detection limit of culturing versus qPCR in detecting S. Typhi, performed a geospatial analysis of the carriers identified using this study, and evaluated the accuracy of anti-Vi and anti-YncE in identifying chronic typhoid carriage. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in two centers in Pakistan. Gallbladder specimens were subjected to quantitative PCR (qPCR) and serum samples were analyzed for IgG against YncE and Vi by ELISA. We also mapped the residential location of those with a positive qPCR result. Findings: Out of 988 participants, 3.4% had qPCR-positive gallbladder samples (23 S. Typhi and 11 S. Paratyphi). Gallstones were more likely to be qPCR positive than bile and gallbladder tissue. Anti-Vi and YncE were significantly correlated (r = 0.78 p<0.0001) and elevated among carriers as compared to qPCR negative controls, except for anti-Vi response in Paratyphi A. But the discriminatory values of these antigens in identifying carriers from qPCR negative controls were low. Conclusion: The high prevalence of typhoid carriers observed in this study suggests that further studies are required to gain information that will help in controlling future typhoid outbreaks in a superior manner than they are currently being managed. Author summary: Enteric fever, caused by bacteria Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi, is a serious global illness particularly affecting children in areas with inadequate hygiene and sanitation facilities. It is transmitted through the oral-fecal route. In Pakistan, prevalence of extensively drug resistant S. Typhi resistant strain further complicates its treatment. Some infected individuals develop chronic infections and become carriers of these pathogens. These asymptomatic carriers may potentially spread the disease by shedding the bacteria in urine or stool. To assess the frequency of the carrier state, we examined gallbladder specimens (bile, stones, and tissue) from patients who underwent gallbladder removal surgeries at Aga Khan University and Jinnah Post-graduate Medical Centre. We demonstrated that PCR had a higher sensitivity in detecting Salmonella carriage with a detection limit of 102 CFU/ml and identified 3.4% of typhoid carriers. Additionally, we investigated whether specific antibodies could identify these carriers using various serological tests. The results underscore the need for further research to promptly detect and appropriately treat this disease, thereby enhancing control and preventing future outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Diversity and composition of gut protist in young rural Zimbabwean children.

Author

Pfavayi, Lorraine Tsitsi, Sibanda, Elopy Nimele, Baker, Stephen, Woolhouse, Mark, Mduluza, Takafira, and Mutapi, Francisca

Subjects
RURAL children, MULTIVARIATE analysis, GUT microbiome, SHOTGUN sequencing, HUMAN microbiota
Abstract

Background: The human gut microbiome harbours diverse species of archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses. To date, most gut microbiome studies have focused on bacteria, neglecting other microbial communities. Consequently, less is known about the diversity and abundance of the latter. Here, we aimed to characterise the diversity and composition of protists in the gut of preschoolaged children (PSAC) in rural Zimbabwe relative to host age, sex, and schistosome infection status. Methods: The gut protist of 113 PSAC (1-5 years) was examined via shotgun metagenomic sequencing and analysed for diversity. Variation in protist abundance with host and environmental factors was analysed by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). To investigate how the composition of specific taxa varies across age, sex, nutritional measures and Schistosoma hematobium infection status, analysis of the composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) was used. Results: Eighty protist genera were identified, and the most abundant genera detected was Blastocystis. The prevalence of pathogenic protists was comparatively low, with 12.4% and 3.4% of the participants' gut colonised by E. histolytica and Cryptosporidium, respectively. Of all the independent variables only S. haematobium infection showed significant relationship with the structure of the gut protist, being associated with increases in Peronospora, Pseudoperonospora, Plasmopara and Blastocystis (FDR= 0.009). Summary: This study provides data on the prevalence and diversity of the gut protists in young Zimbabwean children with an emphasis on the host factors; age, sex and schistosome infection status. Our results showed no association between the host factors investigated, including anthropometric measures adjusted for age and the intestinal protist composition and structure, but S. haematobium infection status was associated with composition of specific taxa. There is a need for more studies determining how pathogenic protist interact with non-pathogenic protist in people exhibiting clinical symptoms to inform therapy and nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Short-duration selective decontamination of the digestive tract infection control does not contribute to increased antimicrobial resistance burden in a pilot cluster randomised trial (the ARCTIC Study).

Author

Kean, Iain Robert Louis, Clark, John A., Zhenguang Zhang, Daubney, Esther, White, Deborah, Ferrando-Vivas, Paloma, Milla, Gema, Cuthbertson, Brian, Pappachan, John, Klein, Nigel, Mouncey, Paul, Rowan, Kathy, Myburgh, John, Gouliouris, Theodore, Baker, Stephen, Parkhi, Julian, and Pathan, Nazima

Subjects
ALIMENTARY canal, INFECTION control, KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, CRITICALLY ill children, CLOSTRIDIA
Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Genomic insights unveil the plasmid transfer mechanism and epidemiology of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in Vietnam.

Author

Nguyen, Quynh, Nguyen, Yen Thi Phuong, Ha, Tuyen Thanh, Tran, Dung Thi Ngoc, Voong, Phat Vinh, Chau, Vinh, Nguyen, Phuong Luong Nha, Le, Ngan Thi Quynh, Nguyen, Lan Phu Huong, Nguyen, To Thi Nguyen, Trinh, Tan Van, Carrique-Mas, Juan J., Baker, Stephen, Thwaites, Guy, Rabaa, Maia A., Choisy, Marc, Chung, Hao The, and Pham, Duy Thanh

Subjects
KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae, WHOLE genome sequencing, GENETIC profile, COMMUNITY-acquired infections, INFECTIOUS disease transmission
Abstract

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is a significant cause of severe invasive infections in Vietnam, yet data on its epidemiology, population structure and dynamics are scarce. We screened hvKp isolates from patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) at a tertiary infectious diseases hospital in Vietnam and healthy individuals, followed by whole genome sequencing and plasmid analysis. Among 700 BSI-causing Kp strains, 100 (14.3%) were hvKp. Thirteen hvKp isolates were identified from 350 rectal swabs of healthy adults; none from 500 rectal swabs of healthy children. The hvKp isolates were genetically diverse, encompassing 17 sequence types (STs), predominantly ST23, ST86 and ST65. Among the 113 hvKp isolates, 14 (12.6%) carried at least one antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene, largely mediated by IncFII, IncR, and IncA/C plasmids. Notably, the acquisition of AMR conjugative plasmids facilitated horizontal transfer of the non-conjugative virulence plasmid between K. pneumoniae strains. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated hvKp isolates from BSIs and human carriage clustered together, suggesting a significant role of intestinal carriage in hvKp transmission. Enhanced surveillance is crucial to understand the factors driving intestinal carriage and hvKp transmission dynamics for informing preventive measures. Furthermore, we advocate the clinical use of our molecular assay for diagnosing hvKp infections to guide effective management. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is a significant cause of severe community-acquired infection, primarily in Asia. Here, the authors characterise the genetic profile, phylogenetic structure, and plasmid features of hvKp in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. The Augustinian Values Institute: Preserving a Legacy of Augustinian Education

Author

Baker, Stephen J.

Abstract

A concern for Catholic educators is how to keep Catholic schools viable and healthy in a milieu of diminishing numbers of religious as well as a very complex and changing world. This article addresses the Augustinians' response to the challenge to keep the Order's mission of education alive and thriving in the 21st century. This article hopes to accomplish two goals: first, to articulate the meaning of the three core values of Unitas (Unity), Veritas (Truth), and Caritas (Charity). Secondly, to report the results of a study of the Augustinian Values Institute (AVI), a program that engages participants in reflection on the core values and how they might be applied to their classroom pedagogies. The article concludes with some discussion about future directions for the Institute.

Published
2016

47. Genomics, social media and mobile phone data enable mapping of SARS-CoV-2 lineages to inform health policy in Bangladesh

Author

Cowley, Lauren A., Afrad, Mokibul Hassan, Rahman, Sadia Isfat Ara, Mamun, Md Mahfuz Al, Chin, Taylor, Mahmud, Ayesha, Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur, Billah, Mallick Masum, Khan, Manjur Hossain, Sultana, Sharmin, Khondaker, Tilovatul, Baker, Stephen, Banik, Nandita, Alam, Ahmed Nawsher, Mannoor, Kaiissar, Banu, Sayera, Chowdhury, Anir, Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, Thomson, Nicholas R., Buckee, Caroline O., Qadri, Firdausi, and Shirin, Tahmina

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Burden of enteric fever at three urban sites in Africa and Asia: a multicentre population-based study

Author

Meiring, James E, Shakya, Mila, Khanam, Farhana, Voysey, Merryn, Phillips, Maile T, Tonks, Susan, Thindwa, Deus, Darton, Thomas C, Dongol, Sabina, Karkey, Abilasha, Zaman, K, Baker, Stephen, Dolecek, Christiane, Dunstan, Sarah J, Dougan, Gordon, Holt, Kathryn E, Heyderman, Robert S, Qadri, Firdausi, Pitzer, Virginia E, Basnyat, Buddha, Gordon, Melita A, Clemens, John, and Pollard, Andrew J

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine in Nepal: final results of a phase 3, randomised, controlled trial

Author

Shakya, Mila, Voysey, Merryn, Theiss-Nyland, Katherine, Colin-Jones, Rachel, Pant, Dikshya, Adhikari, Anup, Tonks, Susan, Mujadidi, Yama F, O’Reilly, Peter, Mazur, Olga, Kelly, Sarah, Liu, Xinxue, Maharjan, Archana, Dahal, Ashata, Haque, Naheeda, Pradhan, Anisha, Shrestha, Suchita, Joshi, Manij, Smith, Nicola, Hill, Jennifer, Clarke, Jenny, Stockdale, Lisa, Jones, Elizabeth, Lubinda, Timothy, Bajracharya, Binod, Dongol, Sabina, Karkey, Abhilasha, Baker, Stephen, Dougan, Gordan, Pitzer, Virginia E, Neuzil, Kathleen M, Shrestha, Shrijana, Basnyat, Buddha, and Pollard, Andrew J

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results