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As healthcare systems transition into an era dominated by quantum technologies, the need to fortify cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive medical data becomes increasingly imperative. This paper navigates the intricate landscape of post-quantum cryptographic approaches and emerging threats specific to the healthcare sector. Delving into encryption protocols such as lattice-based, code-based, hash-based, and multivariate polynomial cryptography, the paper addresses challenges in adoption and compatibility within healthcare systems. The exploration of potential threats posed by quantum attacks and vulnerabilities in existing encryption standards underscores the urgency of a change in basic assumptions in healthcare data security. The paper provides a detailed roadmap for implementing post-quantum cybersecurity solutions, considering the unique challenges faced by healthcare organizations, including integration issues, budget constraints, and the need for specialized training. Finally, the abstract concludes with an emphasis on the importance of timely adoption of post-quantum strategies to ensure the resilience of healthcare data in the face of evolving threats. This roadmap not only offers practical insights into securing medical data but also serves as a guide for future directions in the dynamic landscape of post-quantum healthcare cybersecurity.

eXtensible Markup Language (XML), in its semi-structured format has been employed for the data exchange purpose over the Internet due to its expressivity, flexibility, and capability to accommodate both structured and unstructured data. Due to the vast amount of data being transacted and updated frequently, it is essential to have a solution that can efficiently store and query the data. Hence, a robust and persistent labeling scheme that can sustain the need to re-labeling the entire document is desirable. Relational Database (RDB) has emerged since the 1970s and has been widely used as back-end storage in most industries. Since XML and RDB are in different formats, an efficient mapping technique is required. Several labeling and mapping schemes have been proposed, yet, there is no comparison of the performance of these schemes implemented in the RDB storage. In this paper, we first review the dynamic labeling schemes such as ORDPath, ME Labeling, and ORD-GAP in addressing these two needs. Secondly, the XML annotated labeling schemes are transformed into RDB storage. Finally, the performance evaluations are carried out to determine which labeling scheme is more robust and efficient to support storage and query retrieval.

Introduction White blood cells (WBCs) are immunity cells which fight against viruses and bacteria in the human body. Microscope images of captured WBCs for processing and analysis are important to interpret the body condition. At present, there is no robust automated method to segment and classify WBCs images with high accuracy. This paper aims to improve on WBCs image segmentation and classification method. Methods A triple thresholding method was proposed to segment the WBCs; meanwhile, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based binary classification model that adopts transfer learning technique was proposed to detect and classify WBCs as a healthy or a malignant. The input dataset of this research work is the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Image Database (ALL-IDB). The process first converts the captured microscope images into HSV format for obtaining the H component. Otsu thresholding is applied to segment the WBC area. A 13 × 13 kernel with two iterations was used to apply morphological opening on image to ameliorate output results. Collected cell masks were used to detect the contour of each cell on the original image. To classify WBCs into a healthy or a malignant category, characteristics and conditions of WBCs are to be examined. A transfer learning technique and pre-trained InceptionV3 model were employed to extract the features from the images for classification. Results The proposed WBCs segmentation method yields 90.45% accuracy, 83.81% of the structural similarity index, 76.25% of the dice similarity coefficient, and is computationally efficient. The accuracy of fine-tuned classifier model for training, validation and test sets are 93.27%, 92.31% and 96.15% respectively. The obtained results are high in accuracy and precision are over 96% and with lower loss value. Discussion Triple thresholding outperforms K-means clustering in segmenting smaller dataset. Pre-trained InceptionV3 model and transfer learning improve the flexibility and ability of classifier.

In recent years, Recommender System (RS) research work has covered a wide variety of Artificial Intelligence techniques, ranging from traditional Matrix Factorization (MF) to complex Deep Neural Networks (DNN). Traditional Collaborative Filtering (CF) recommendation methods such as MF, have limited learning capabilities as it only considers the linear combination between user and item vectors. For learning non-linear relationships, methods like Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) incorporate DNN into CF methods. Though, CF methods still suffer from cold start and data sparsity. This paper proposes an improved hybrid-based RS, namely Neural Matrix Factorization++ (NeuMF++), for effectively learning user and item features to improve recommendation accuracy and alleviate cold start and data sparsity. NeuMF++ is proposed by incorporating effective latent representation into NeuMF via Stacked Denoising Autoencoders (SDAE). NeuMF++ can also be seen as the fusion of GMF++ and MLP++. NeuMF is an NCF framework which associates with GMF (Generalized Matrix Factorization) and MLP (Multilayer Perceptrons). NeuMF achieves state-of-the-art results due to the integration of GMF linearity and MLP non-linearity. Concurrently, incorporating latent representations has shown tremendous improvement in GMF and MLP, which result in GMF++ and MLP++. Latent representation obtained through the SDAEs’ latent space allows NeuMF++ to effectively learn user and item features, significantly enhancing its learning capability. However, sharing feature extractions among GMF++ and MLP++ in NeuMF++ might hinder its performance. Hence, allowing GMF++ and MLP++ to learn separate features provides more flexibility and greatly improves its performance. Experiments performed on a real-world dataset have demonstrated that NeuMF++ achieves an outstanding result of a test root-mean-square error of 0.8681. In future work, we can extend NeuMF++ by introducing other auxiliary information like text or images. Different neural network building blocks can also be integrated into NeuMF++ to form a more robust recommendation model.

Library is a place that contains various resources and materials. Many invaluable knowledge can be found in the library. By analysing the library’s data, it is possible to obtain information that can further improve its services. This research aims to extract information from Multimedia University (MMU) library and present insightful visualization of the information to enhance the library administration. At present, the library does not have information on the book preferences of the library users. The book preferences statistics can be relatively helpful as the library will know what books can be imported in the future. By doing so, more people will visit the library and they will have more related books to use as reference or to read. In addition, there are no existing dashboards to display information on all borrowers, no visitor. In the absence of this, this research adopts the data science methodology to determine the book preferences of library users by using machine learning techniques such as clustering and classification. Lastly, a dashboard will be developed to display all the findings which includes statistics on the visitors and book preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the pandemic hit every part of the world, healthcare awareness is slowly rising among every human being, especially leaders of each country. Due to a shortage of manpower in the healthcare industry, patients tend to search the internet for some selfdiagnoses. This way is extremely dangerous as patients might end up using the wrong treatment such as taking the wrong medication to treat their sickness since there are so many different remedies posted on the internet without valid recognition from the healthcare professionals. To aid in overcoming this problem, this research will be building a Healthcare Recommender System. The goal of a Healthcare Recommender System (HRS) aims to supply its user (patient) with medical information that is meant to be highly relevant and tailored to an individual's need. Hence, this paper gives an overview of various recommender systems, datasets employed, and evaluation metrics used in the healthcare system. In addition, we propose the framework for the HRS to capture user input on their condition and recommend the next course of action. The steps involved in our recommender system includes choosing the dataset and techniques, data cleaning and preprocessing, building the recommender system, training the recommender engine, and finally performing the prediction. We generate the accuracy of prediction and analyze with some results. From the experimental results, Cosine Similarity has the highest accuracy compared to Jaccard Similarity and Euclidean Distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to use the Naïve Bayes-based algorithm for phishing detection, specifically in spam emails. The paper compares probability-based and frequency-based approaches and investigates the impact of imbalanced datasets and the use of stemming as a natural language processing (NLP) technique. Results show that both algorithms perform similarly in spam detection, with the choice between them depending on factors such as efficiency and scalability. Accuracy is influenced by the dataset configuration and stemming. Imbalanced datasets lead to higher accuracy in detecting emails in the majority class, while they struggle to classify minority-class emails. In contrast, balanced datasets yield overall high accuracy for both spam and ham email identification. This study reveals that stemming has a minor impact on algorithm performance, occasionally decreasing in accuracy due to word grouping. Balancing the dataset is crucial for improving algorithm performance and achieving accurate spam email detection. Hence, both probability-based and frequency-based Naïve Bayes algorithms are effective for phishing detection using balanced datasets. The frequency)based approach, with a balanced dataset and stemming, achieves a balanced performance between recall and precision, while the probability-based method with a balanced dataset and no stemming prioritises overall accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion plays an important role in our daily lives. Emotional individuals can affect the performance of a company, the harmony of a family, the wellness or growth (physical, mental, and spiritual) of a child etc. It renders a wide range of impacts. The existing works on emotion detection from facial expressions differ from the voice. It is deduced that the facial expression is captured on the face externally, whereas the voice is captured from the air passes through the vocal folds internally. Both captured output models may very much deviate from each other. This paper studies and analyses a person's emotion through dual models -- facial expression and voice separately. The proposed algorithm uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with 2-dimensions convolutional layers for facial expression and 1-Dimension convolutional layers for voice. Feature extraction is done via face detection, and Mel-Spectrogram extraction is done via voice. The network layers are fine-tuned to achieve the higher performance of the CNN model. The trained CNN models can recognize emotions from the input videos, which may cover single or multiple emotions from the facial expression and voice perspective. The experimented videos are clean from the background music and environment noise and contain only a person's voice. The proposed algorithm achieved an accuracy of 62.9% through facial expression and 82.3% through voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the digital revolution, online shopping has developed into a remarkably simple and economical option for consumers to make purchases securely and conveniently from their homes. In order for the online merchant to optimize their profit, the online shopping platform must always display a list of potential products that customers may purchase. The recommender system kicks in at this point to assist in finding products that customers would like and recommend a list of product recommendations that match the customer's preferences. This paper reviews the recommender system technology in detail by reviewing the classification technique. Other than that, the related works will be reviewed to understand how each technique works, the strengths and limitations, the datasets and evaluation metrics employed.