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The goal of the paper is to analyze the land use as cultivated area and grasslands for producing animal feed in Romania in the interval 2013-2022 utilizing the data from National Institute of Statistics (NIS) and Eurostat. The dynamics was highlighted as graphical trend lines, regression equations and R square, fixed basis and structural indices reflecting the changes across the time. The results showed that the surface with green forages in arable land was 847,978 ha in 2022 representing 10.59% of the total cultivated area and also reflected a reduction by 1.26% versus 2013. The perennial forages covered 675,207 ha in 2022 (+3.7% vs. 2013). Alfalfa accounted for a larger surface with a share of 62.52% in 2022(vs. 52.39% in 2013), while the clover area decreased its weight from 18.5% to 14.2%. In 2022, annual green forages covered 179,952 ha, by 13.35% less than in 2023. Fodder maize was cultivated on only 48,634 ha in 2022 (-13.36% vs. 2013) and root crops on only 3,033 ha, a surface smaller by 79.32% in 2022. The declined is justify by the negative influence of climate change which reduced forage production and also by the decreasing trend in livestock. Romania has also 5,172,800 ha grasslands, coming on the 3rd position in the EU after France and Germany. This area plays an important role in animal nutrition at a lower cost, in soil conservation, mitigating the effects of climate change, preserving biodiversity and the beauty of the landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed to analyze scientific production, using bibliometric analysis as a research method, with the aim of understanding the current structure of studies and future research directions related to creative accounting, how to use creative accounting practices and the role or in financial reporting. 13,463 documents published between 1999-2023 were identified in the Web of Science database and 24,461 researches in the Scopus database, which were refined according to 2 more terms: "user perception" and "impact on financial results". 80 articles were retained for the last stage of research, whose scientific content was analyzed with the help of VOSviewer software, performing both descriptive analysis and performance analysis, as well as scientific mapping from the perspective of the conceptual, intellectual and social structure. In order to determine research gaps, the 10 most relevant and influential papers were analyzed, these being established in relation to the number of citations, which was between 32 and 168. The research results highlighted the fact that half of the analyzed articles are reviews of specialized literature, which highlights gaps in primary research on creative accounting. What is worth noting is the fact that case studies or empirical studies based on questionnaires or the analysis of data sets related to financial reporting, address both aspects related to large companies listed on the stock exchange, as well as those related to medium and small companies. The studies followed the techniques of creative accounting and the way of financial reporting, both for private and state companies, both companies that benefited from external and internal financing, demonstrating the complex interest in the issue of using creative accounting. The gaps identified in this study will constitute future research directions in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is the analysis of the dynamics of tourist flow (domestic and inbound) in terms of tourist arrivals and overnight stays in Romania after the Covid-19 pandemic, using the statistical data provided by National Institute of Statistics. The methodology involved the calculation of the fixed and variable basis indices and the comparison of the level of each indicator from a year to another. Dynamics of the tourist arrivals and overnight stays involved to establish the trend using polynomial regression functions and determination coefficient. The results showed that the recovery of the tourist flow from its lowest level registered in 2020, the worst year of tourism during the pandemic, needed three years to attain a higher performance than in 2019, a year which was considered the peak in Romania's tourism. In 2023, the number of domestic and foreign tourist arrivals accounted for 13,647.30 thousands, being 2.13 times higher than in 2020, and by 2.03% higher than in 2019. Also, the number of overnight stays reached 29,171.1 thousands, being 2 times higher than in 2020, by 7.8%higher than in 2022, but by 3.05% smaller than in 2019. The experience learnt in the travel and hospitality industry has generated a new resilience strategy to sustain the development of tourism and its contribution to GDP and better satisfy tourists demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism, as a form of spending free time, has undergone numerous transformations in the last period of time, this is due both to globalization that contributed to the internationalization of tourist experiences, but also to recent events (such as the Covid-19 pandemic, economic crises, etc), but also changing the perception of tourism consumers regarding how they can spend their free time. Traditional or well-known destinations have started to face overcrowding, which is starting to be felt negatively by both residents and visitors who are starting to change their consumption habits regarding the locations they choose as tourist destinations. On the other hand, the challenges of the modern world regarding the effects of global warming, the sharp increase in the population, the depletion of planetary resources, but also the much greater concerns of the current generations regarding these aspects, make the choices we make regarding the choice leisure destinations to change and become more responsible. In this context, creative tourism as an increasingly sought-after option, among a growing category of consumers. In this paper, we set out to analyze the perception that tourism consumers in Romania have regarding this form of tourism. The research assumed, on the one hand, a bibliographic analysis regarding the term creative tourism and how this notion has evolved from the moment of its definition as a form of tourism in the 2000s until now, as well as from a study of case based on the application of a questionnaire to measure the perception of consumers regarding this form of tourism, but especially on the awareness of its existence. The questionnaire had 16 questions answered by 124 respondents. The data were centralized and interpreted with the help of the Excel program, the results highlighting the fact that although some of the respondents practice creative tourism, it is quite little known as a concept. The answers given by the study participants highlighted the fact that they are interested in practicing activities integrated into creative tourism, considering that there are many advantages both regarding the experiences they create, with the interactions they establish with the locals or with the other participants. At the same time, the impact that creative tourism practices have at the local level (both economic and social) is recognized. We consider that these results are useful not only at the micro level, but also at the macro level, under the conditions that the development strategies of the field of hospitality will be thought in such a way as to promote, integrate and develop this form of contemporary tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is the analysis of the dynamics of milk production, yield and dairy cows in Romania in the period 2013-2022. The empirical data were provided by National Institute of Statistics and were processed using the fixed basis index, and concentration method based on Herfindahl-Hirschman index, graphical representation of the regression equations and R square. The results confirmed the general declining trend in milk production which reached 35,300 thousand hl in 2022, being by 9.1% smaller than in 2013. The bovine livestock also decline and the number of dairy cows decreased, in 2022 accounting for 1,075.6 thousands heads by 9.2% smaller than in 2013. Milk yield in Romania also declined in the analyzed interval by 7.6% from 3,643.8 kg in 2013 to 3,367 kg per cow in 2022. Milk yield in Romania is the smallest in the EU-27, being twice lower than the EU mean accounting for 7,653 kg/cow. The factors which led o such a critical situation in dairy farming have been: the non corresponding farm structure, where 80% are small farms raising 1-2 cows, 13% have 2-5 cows and just 0.32% of farms raise over 50 cows. Also, during the last years, climate change in terms of low precipitations and long and severe drought affected forage production. Farm inputs price increased by 70% which led to high production costs that the low milk price of Lei 1.4-1.8 imposed by milk processors could not covered. The degree of concentration of milk production and of the number of dairy cows in Romania is enough small, ranging between 015-0.20 reflecting a moderate concentration. The subsidies per animal and milk were not enough to save the situation, and in consequence, a part of farms failed and other farms sold their animals to slaughterhouses. To avoid milk imports which have significantly raised during the years 2021-2022, the breeders have to be sustained by consistent subsidies to help their cows to produce more milk as dairy cows farming is in the most critical situation as never before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work aims to analyze both the situation of pig herds, as well as the production and consumption of pork in Romania compared to other EU countries, given that the European Union ranks first in the world in terms of production and 3rd place in the world in terms of pork consumption. The analyzed indicators, which were collected from internal (INSSE) and international (Eurostat) databases, were: pig herds, total pork production, pig herd density; the number of slaughtered animals; consumption of pork. Based on this information, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation were calculated both for the multi-year average of pig herds and for their density. The analysis highlighted the fact that pig herds have continuously decreased during the analyzed period (the decrease being 27% in 2021 compared to 2015), the reasons being both economic (increasing prices, energy crisis, etc.), but also the impossibility of proper management of outbreaks of Swine Fever Africana that led on the one hand to the slaughter of livestock, and on the other hand to the prohibition or reduction of exports. Regarding the consumption of pork, Romania is below the European Union average, but an increase in consumption is noted from 31.3 kg/inhabitant in 2015 to 37.8 kg/inhabitant in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to examine the publications in the field of Metaverse with the method of bibliometric analysis. Starting from the Metaverse keyword, the WOS and Scopus databases were searched, identifying a total of 788 publications in WOS and 1,385 publications in Scopus that met the study criteria. The VOSviewer software and the Scopus database were used for the analysis. We used several types of analysis: co-author analysis to identify the descriptive characteristics of the publications. It was found that the largest number was that of scientific works. The number of publications started to increase from 2007, but exploded in 2022. The countries that had the most publications were China, USA, United Kingdom, South Korea and Germany. The University of Zilina, Slovakia, Dimitrie Cantemir University Bucharest, Romania, University of Bucharest, The Institute of Technology and Business in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic, University of Craiova, etc. had the most publications among organizations. The analysis of the citations led to the identification of the authors and publications that were the most cited, resulting in the following: Sang-Ming, P.; Young-Gab, K. (2022); Sang-Ming, P.; Young-Gab, K. (2022); Haihan, D; Jiaye, L.; Sizheng, F. (2021), etc. Although the metaverse is not a new concept, it has become a new extension of virtual worlds, starting to be applied more and more in more and more fields (commerce, medicine, tourism, agriculture, etc.). The conclusions of the study will be able to constitute a road map regarding future research that will be more and more complex with the complexity of the Metaverse concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the advantages of the globalization process is that of ensuring the circulation of young people at the global level, ensuring their access to existing learning resources in countries with a developed and recognized higher education system worldwide. Starting from the existing data in various international, community and national databases, in this work we proposed to analyze the mobility situation of undergraduate, master's and doctoral students from the period 2012-2022, with the aim of identifying the countries that are on the first places in the world both in terms of student entry flows and their exit flows. The analysis was carried out starting from indicators such as the number of students leaving for studies, the number of students entering for studies, their growth rate, but also the mobility rate at the entrance or the mobility rate at the exit. The data were processed and analyzed with the help of statistical methods, thus being able to formulate conclusions regarding the situation of student mobility from the last decade, given the identification of solutions regarding the provision of future flows of students for higher education institutions, under the conditions that, globally, the population aged between 20-24 will decrease in areas such as Europe or North America. Under these conditions, the educational institutions recognized for the quality of the programs offered will be able to attract students from countries in Asia or Africa, countries in which both the share of the young population and mobility have increased in the last five years. Among these countries are India, with an increase of over 100%, Vietnam with an increase of 95% or China, with an increase of 33%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial challenges of the last two years generated by the pandemic, military conflicts, etc. have determined Romanian companies to evaluate their businesses and choose the best sources in order to continue their economic activity. The companies' short- and medium-term objectives were shaped according to the new economic and social conditions. Access to financing is a key element for development, to build new jobs, to remain competitive. Consequently, the need for short-term financing increased and was honored by accessing factoring products by companies. Through the conducted study, it was highlighted that for small and medium-sized companies, factoring products are of interest and are very useful. The evolution of the products granted by Romanian financial institutions are in correlation with the international market, but the proportions are different. Developed countries promote financing through factoring, the proof is the volumes reported by factoring companies. At the same time, financial institutions maintain their prudential criteria in conditions where the economy is influenced by social and political factors, some unpredictable and with a high degree of risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change, global warming are phenomena that have changed the face of the world and that have a direct impact on agricultural production and food security, given that the world's population is growing from one year to the next, without the possibility of growth and natural resources. Another worrying phenomenon is the production of greenhouse gases and their destructive effect on the planet. That's why the technology that is being perfected every day tries to find solutions that simplify both the efforts made to obtain food, but also the possibility of increasing the efficiency of production processes. In this way, in the agricultural field, the idea of developing dual systems appeared, which would protect both agricultural crops, with the aim of increasing productivity, but which would also contribute to obtaining solar energy, necessary not only for own consumption, but also to be included in consumer networks, the proposed concept being that of the AgriVoltaic system. The idea that appeared in 1981 began to be developed, currently reaching the development of a technology that is starting to be adopted in many countries of the world, including Romania. In the current paper, we propose to analyze the opportunity of using AgriVoltaic technology, its advantages and disadvantages, but also the way in which it could contribute to increasing the profitability of agricultural farms. At the same time, increasing the degree of awareness regarding the advantages of introducing agricultural systems and the method of implementing the systems is another objective of the current work. Starting from the analysis of the specialized literature, we outlined the term Agrivoltaic technology and continued the study with an analysis of the possibilities of implementing this technology in Romania, due to the solar energy potential that it benefits from. The research methodology assumed on the one hand the bibliographic analysis, and on the other hand the analysis of the development potential of the system, taking into account the existing agricultural areas and crops suitable for this system. As a result of the research carried out, it turned out that although there are confirmed advantages of using AgriVoltaic technology, it does not yet benefit from sufficient visibility or high accessibility among farmers. Also, the existing legislation at the level of Romania does not yet make possible the development of the dual system. Among the disadvantages of using agrivoltaic systems are the still high costs, but the measures to protect the rural landscape, which occupies an important place in sustainable development, even if the energy produced is renewable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to analyze overtourism in a selection of the top visited European countries, in the most visited cities and villages, based on a specific indicator "density per inhabitant" and also on "density per square km" in the cities in the years 2022 versus 2019. The results proved that overtourism is present because the density of tourists per inhabitant is very high and per square km is a few times higher than the number of the local population. In 2022, the highest tourist charge per inhabitant was found in all the selected cities, but especially in: Venice, Dubrovnik, Vienna, Paris, Florence, Amsterdam, Milan and Barcelona. Per square km, the overcrowded cities by tourists are: Venice, Barcelona, Nice, Florence, Paris, Amsterdam, Prague, Madrid and Vienna. There were also highlighted the villages which are suffocated by tourists taking into consideration the local population: Cinque Terre, Capri-Anacapri, Alberobello, Hallstadt, Giethoorn, Oia, Tibermory, Ciocanesti, Viscri, Bran, Marginimea Sibiului, and Sapanta. Finally, the study emphasizes the measures taken by the authorities in each city and village, depending on the local situation, as well as UNWTO strategies recommended to be implemented for diminishing the negative effects of overtourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the current trends regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the protection of the environment and the need to ensure food security, as well as the role that biofuels have in achieving these objectives, in this paper we proposed to analyze the evolution of the biofuels market in the period 2010-2022, but also its prospects for the next period. The research methodology assumed both the bibliographic study of the specialized literature, as well as the collection, processing and interpretation of existing statistical data in the internal (INSSE) and international databases (Eurostat, FAO), which were the basis for formulating the conclusions regarding the future evolution of the biofuels market. At the same time, community documents were presented and analyzed that regulate the use or reduction of the consumption of biofuels, in the perspective of achieving some objectives of a neutral continent. Thus, it can be seen that both at the world level and at the community level, in the period 2010-2022 there were increases in both production and consumption of biofuels, with the exception of the period 2020-2021, when due to the Covid-19 pandemic decreases were recorded. Worldwide production increased by 223% in 2022 compared to 2010, and consumption increased by 119%. At the community level, production increased by 125%, and consumption by 117%. These increases in turn influenced price increases. Regarding the estimates for 2027, at the European level, the directives related to environmental protection and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will have the effect of reducing production and consumption. At the level of other developing countries, the production and consumption of biofuels will continue to be supported through financial aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work aims to analyze the existing situation in Romania compared to other EU countries, regarding bovines herds, given that this species is one of the ones that causes the highest level of greenhouse gases, with a direct effect on the environment and global warming. This is the reason why the subject has become a priority not only at the community level, but also worldwide. Through the Common Agricultural Policy, important funds have been allocated at the level of the European Union, which will continue to be allocated, not only for the reduction of climate change, but also for the adaptation of the states of the world to these existing climate changes at the global level. Given the path in which animal husbandry influences sustainable development, through the study we have followed both the effective changes, but also the obtained productions, with a direct impact on consumption. It was found that both at the community level, as well as at the national level, there was a decrease in bovines herds in in the period 2016-2020, the reasons being primarily of an economic nature, but equally important being the social and environmental ones. The analysis was carried out starting from the data published by the National Institute of Statistics and Eurostat, data that were then processed and analyzed with the help of statistical methods. Based on these, the conclusions were formulated that show us that in Romania the number of bovines herds decreased by 11% in the period 2016-2021. At the European Union level, Romania ranks 10th in terms of bovines herds and 20th in terms of density/100 ha. Although there are advances in terms of applied technologies or more productive breeds, at the global level the objectives pursued by the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have not been influenced by these advances, which makes the activity of raising bovines to be considered one with effects negative effects on the environment, but also high consumption of energy and water, which in turn have a negative impact on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the importance that circular economy models have in today's society and the concerns that both decision-makers and other interested parties have regarding this concept, in this paper we have proposed to analyze the relationship between the economy circular and tourism, starting from the fact that this is one of the sectors of activity that is characterized both by a high consumption of water, energy and natural resources, as well as by a large food waste, being also a producer of important CO2 emissions, as a result of the link it has with road, air, maritime transport, and not only that. The research methodology assumed the review of the specialized literature, being inventoried scientific papers indexed Web of Science, and starting from 2 keywords: "circular economy" and "tourism". From the 340 identified scientific works, following the application of several filters regarding language, title, keywords, 33 publications resulted. By applying a restriction regarding the relevance of these works, assessed on the basis of a minimum number of 3 citations, it was possible to establish a sample of 15 publications that were analyzed, identifying both the results presented by the author/authors, as well as the conclusions and the way in which that they could influences the application of circular economy principles in tourism. The analysis carried out showed us that the number of specialized papers in this field is relatively small, which is why, in order to obtain the most conclusive results regarding the proposed theme, we believe that, considering the importance of the theme, it will be necessary to continue the research on tourism and the circular economy. In this way, it will be possible to identify the solutions that will accelerate the sustainable development of tourism., which could thus meet both the leisure needs of tourists who, in turn, are increasingly concerned with the issue of sustainability, as well as the need to protect the environment, so that we allow future generations to enjoy what the new Planet offers us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the great current challenges at the global level is represented by finding sustainable production systems that ensure both social, economic and environmental sustainability, while at the same time pursuing the optimal provision of production, trade or consumption indicators. Globalization is the one that affected those producers who, not having access to alternative markets, had to sell their goods at much lower prices, thus making the very principles of equity and efficiency affected. The solution was represented by the practice of fair trade and the application of sustainable supply systems, which represent ways to solve these shortcomings. This paperanalyzes the situation of fair trade worldwide and its evolution for the period 2012-2020. The research methodology assumed the collection of data, their processing and analysis with the help of some statistical indicators such as: the number of Fairtrade organizations, the number of Fairtrade farmers, the number of workers in Fairtrade organizations, the proportion of women involved in Fairtrade activities, the areas intended for obtaining Fairtrade productions, Fairtrade productions, premiums granted in Fairtrade. The data highlighted the fact that worldwide, during the analyzed period, there was a continuous increase in fair trade, the increase being over 65% in terms of the number of producer organizations. The number of farmers reached over 1.77 million in 2020, this being the result of understanding the role of affiliation to this form of trade. The largest number of producers participating in fair trade are producers of coffee, tea or cocoa, their share being, in the analyzed period, between 86-92%. The paper highlights the fact that the emergence and development of fair trade represented a way of supporting farmers and agricultural workers in developing countries, this can be done both by the political environment, but also by society. Although the application of these measures has contributed to the increase in the standard of living, to the respect of the rights of farmers and workers, equally with the principles of sustainable development, the weight of fair trade in all trade, proves the fact that it is still carried out on a small scale, as there is a need for the development yes, with the aim of reducing global poverty.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the EU agri-food trade based on Eurostat data in the period 2013-2022 in order establish in what measure its commerce is efficient in terms of total trade, export, import, coverage ratio, trade-to GDP, export ratio, net export, share of groups of products in export and import value, growth rate and regression equations. The results highlighted an increase in agricultural output value by 33.77% which enhanced export. The total agri-food trade increased by +61.3% in the analyzed interval, accounting for Euro 424.6 Billion in 2022. Export value reached Euro 229.1 Billion in 2022, being by 58% higher, while import value raised by 65.53%, attaining Euro 195.5 Billion. Net exports were positive and varied between Euro 25.6 Billion in 2015 and Euro 46.9 Billion, the peak attained in 2021. Also, the coverage ratio was over 100% in the whole interval. The exported amounts were higher than the imported ones till 2016, but then imports exceeded exports, except the year 2021. The average export price was superior to the average import price every year. In the analyzed interval, the average export price increased by 37.13%, while import price by 25.71%. Export ratio was over 100 ranging between 119 in 2015, 131 in 2020 and 117 in 2022. The variations in export and import quantities and values produced changes in the share of the groups of products reflecting that in 2022, the hierarchy for export was: Foodstuffs, Animal products, Vegetal products, Fats and Oils, and for import: Vegetal products, Food stuffs, Animal products and Fats and oils. A positive trade balance and coverage ratio over 100 were found in case of Animal products and Food stuffs, and a negative trade balance and a coverage ratio below 100 was registered for Vegetal products and Fats and oils. Agrifood export accounted for 42.9% in agricultural output value in 2022, but the peak was 44.6% in 2018. The regression equation Y = 0.5259 X - 46.0376 shows that an increase by Euro 1 Billion in agricultural output value could raise export value by Euro 0.52 Billion. This research work highlighted the high efficiency in the agri-food trade of the EU in the period 2013-2022. To preserve its position of world leader in agri-food trade, the EU has to continue its CAP reforms oriented to a high performance from an economic, social, environment and food security point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the importance that non-financial reports have for sustainable development, through this work we have proposed to analyze the importance given by the management of companies to social responsibility activities, but also the degree of involvement in this category of activities, bearing in mind the fact that Romanian legislation requires the submission of non-financial reports, which accompany the financial reporting. The current research was structured in two parts, in which a documentary analysis of the specialized literature was carried out with the aim of defining corporate social responsibility and presenting the role it has both in the activity of a company and in the community in which it carries out its activity, but also in measuring the companies' perception of this concept. In this sense, a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions was applied to the companies obliged to make a nonfinancial report. The questionnaire was applied to a group of companies from Bucharest and Ilfov county, with more than 500 employees. The response rate was 79%, these being recorded between September 10 and December 10, 2022. The data collected were processed and interpreted statistically, so that conclusions can be drawn regarding the importance of social responsibility for companies. What was found empirically was the fact that companies that invest in corporate social responsibility have a plus in building their reputation, being able to consider it a component of their marketing policy, which has positive effects on economic performance. On the other hand, there is also an increase in their ability to adapt to change, easier access to financing sources or increased sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiscal policy represents a problem of security and solidarity at the level of each individual state, but also at the community or world level, because ensuring tax revenues can contribute to ensuring economic, social and environmental stability, but at the same time it also contributes to economic development both current, as well as future generations. This can be achieved by improving some important sectors of activity, such as education or health. Each individual state establishes a certain fiscal policy, adapted to its own needs, in which the ratio between direct taxation and indirect taxation, the manner of their application can ensure sufficient fiscal revenues to cover both public expenses, but also allow the achievement of investments. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the two taxation systems, both at the level of Romania and at the level of other EU countries, with the aim of making comparisons and finding solutions regarding the way to improve the fiscal policy in Romania. The research methodology assumed both the analysis of the specialized literature regarding the characteristics of fiscal policies and their role in ensuring economic development, as well as the consultation of internal and international databases from which fiscal information was collected regarding direct taxes and indirect taxes. The data collected and systematized were subjected to an analysis with the help of some statistical indicators. The interpretation of the results allowed us to formulate conclusions that highlighted the fact that although Romania registers a GDP/inhabitant that places it very close to the average of EU countries (72%), in terms of the contribution of tax revenues in the formation of GDP, there is an imbalance, as a result of the weight of 26.3%. This imbalance is due to several factors, among which we were able to identify: low level of collection of fees and taxes to the state budget, granting exemptions from paying taxes or applying preferential fiscal regimes, permanent changes to the Fiscal Code, etc., aspect that, in addition to excessive financing of consumption, contributed to the appearance of the budget deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the importance of the optimal size of an agricultural holding for increasing the efficiency of the activity carried out, the objective of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis between 2 development regions of Romania regarding the situation of agricultural holdings. The choice of the two regions, South-Muntenia and South-East, was made based on their agricultural potential, and the monitored indicators were both the number of agricultural holdings and their size. The analysis assumed the monitoring of the evolution of the indicators in the period 2010-2020. The comparison was made not only between the two development areas, but also at the national and community level, the aim being to identify some solutions for the development and increase of the economic performance within the agricultural holdings in Romania and for the reduction of existing gaps both at the national and regional level and community. In order to carry out the research, we started from the analysis of specialized literature, following the role that agriculture has in economic development, as well as how it contributes to the formation of the GDP, followed by the collection, processing and analysis of regional and community statistical data regarding to the situation of agricultural holdings. The processing and interpretation of the data allowed us to formulate conclusions regarding the situation of agricultural holdings in the two development regions and to formulate recommendations. From the conducted research, it emerged that there are differences in Romania's agriculture both at the national and regional levels. For the year 2020, the average surface of an agricultural holding in Romania was 4.42 ha, which shows that in the Sud-Muntenia region the holdings are the closest to this average, having an area of 4.4 ha. At the level of the South-East region, the agricultural area is almost 50% larger than the average area, given that it is 6.7 ha. This influences both the way agricultural land is exploited and the profitability of agricultural holdings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the concentration degree of standard output (SO) and number of agricultural holdings (AH) in the EU countries in the year 2020 by economic dimension in terms of standard output size class. The data collected from Eurostat were used to calculate Gini-Struck coefficient according to which the countries were classified. The EU has a moderate concentration both concerning SO (GSC = 0.3938) and AH (GSC = 0.3276) by SO class. Discrepancies were noticed referred to these two indicators in the member states. Regarding SO, GSC varied between 0.7941 in Denmark and 0.1597 in Romania. Six countries (22.3%) have a low concentration, 12 countries (44.4%) have a moderate concentration and 9 countries 9933.3%) have a high level. 13 countries: Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Luxemburg, Sweden, Estonia, Hungary, Germany, Belgium, Slovakia, Netherlands, Czechia and Denmark exceeds the EU GSC= = 0.3938. Regarding AH, GSC values ranged from 0.1204 in Denmark and 0.7004 in Romania. A number of 17 countries (63%) registered a low concentration level of the number of farms by SO class, other 9 countries (33.3%) recorded a moderate concentration and one country, Romania (2.7%) had the top position with the highest concentration of the number of farms. Taking into consideration GSC values both for Standard output and number of farms by SO class, it was found that 8 countries (29.3%) have a high concentration of SO and a low concentration of AH; 7 countries (25.9%) have a moderate concentration of SO and a low concentration of AH; 5 countries (18.5%) have a moderate concentration of SO and a moderate concentration of AH, all these three categories summing 73.7%. As a final conclusion, the concentration of standard output by SO class is a moderate one in 44.4% of the EU countries and in 33% is a high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current study was to identify the perception of the graduates of the Engineering and Management of Agricultural Businesses specialization within the Faculty of Management and Rural Development regarding the attractiveness of the agribusiness field. In the framework of the research, the answers were obtained from the graduates of the 2021 promotion, belonging to the form of distance education, based on a questionnaire. From the total of applied questionnaires, a response rate of 87% resulted. The number of valid answers was 128. Information collected based on the questionnaire was statistically processed, resulting in information regarding the perception of the importance of the agribusiness sector, regarding the desire to work in this field or regarding the motivation of choosing to pursue higher studies in the analyzed field. The research methodology also assumed the bibliographic study regarding the place occupied by agriculture and agribusiness in the Romanian economy, regarding the labor force in this field and the development possibilities. The obtained results highlighted the fact that agribusiness is an attractive field, in which the majority of graduates want to work as employees or as business owners (68%). The reasons for choosing to carry out the activity in the field of agribusiness are diverse, from the awareness of the importance of agriculture in ensuring food security, to the attractiveness of the income obtained or the ownership of agricultural land and the development of a business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the consequences of globalization are the liberalization of markets, the development of technology, etc. elements that are interdependent and that have direct effects on economic development, demographic and political development. In these conditions, modern education, as a factor promoting research and innovation, must face the new challenges related to the construction of a multifactorial education, the formation of new skills, new professional competences, Therefore, the current paper aims to analyze precisely the problems of the digital transformation of the educational space and the training of professional skills, among the students of the Faculty of Management and Rural Development (FMDR) with the aim of increasing their degree of integration on the labor market. The research methodology assumed, on the one hand, an analysis of the specialized literature regarding the importance of digitalization in the formation of the competencies of university graduates, and on the other hand, the measurement of the FMDR students' perception regarding these aspects. Data collection was carried out with the help of a questionnaire with a number of 15 questions, which was applied to FMDR students and answered by a number of 127 respondents. The data were processed with the help of statistical methods, and the results obtained were analyzed and interpreted, forming the basis of the formulation of conclusions that highlighted the importance that digitization has in the training of graduates' skills and in increasing their degree of integration on the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of a higher education institution is to train specialists who have the necessary skills for their integration into the labor market. The Faculty of Management and Rural Development is one of the 7 faculties of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest and which, through the mission and objective, it has proposed as the university curriculum to increase the quality of the didactic act with the aim of training specialists who can integrate into the current knowledge-based society, specialists who can assume responsibilities, be creative, original, flexible, adaptable, with an analytical thinking, innovative and able to run businesses, so that the motto of the faculty is "Preparing to lead!". The new challenges facing today's society make higher education institutions rethink their priorities, having to continuously adapt to meet the challenges that accompany modern society. Therefore, they need modern teaching-learning-evaluation strategies, which respond to the changing requirements and require a digital transformation. The experience gained during the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated progress in this direction, but more is needed so that the needs of young people raised in a digital society, with digital needs and digital skills can be met. The present study aims to measure the perception of the Faculty of Management and Rural Development students regarding the extent to which digital technology has been applied in the online teaching-learning-evaluation process and its effectiveness. The research methodology assumed the analysis of specialized literature regarding the use of digitization in the application of modern methods in the teaching-learning-evaluation process. The case study was carried out starting with a questionnaire that contained 15 questions addressed to the students of the Faculty of Management and Rural Development. The processing of the answers was carried out with the help of statistical methods, and the results obtained after their interpretation showed that both the teaching staff and the students adapted quite quickly to the online education system. The teaching-learning methods were varied, as were the learning tools used. Among the strong points of online education were flexibility, accessibility, and a variety of methods used in the teaching-learning activity, and among the weak points were identified: maintaining the students' attention during the teaching-learning activity, time management, or the level of digital skills of the teaching staff.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to objectively analyze the situation of agricultural holdings in Dambovita county, both in terms of their size and dimension, but also their evolution, with the aim of highlighting the existing gaps compared to the European Union average, problems and dysfunctions what characterizes the agricultural sector, but also its prospects for development and performance growth. The research methodology first of all assumed the analysis of specialized literature regarding the importance of agriculture for the economy and its role in increasing income for farmers, and on the other hand, the collection and processing of national and county statistical data regarding agricultural holdings. Based on the analyzed data, conclusions and recommendations were formulated regarding the reduction of existing gaps between Romanian agriculture, Dambovita County and community agriculture. It was thus established that compared to the average size of the agricultural holding registered at the national level, of 2.37 ha, at the level of Dambovita county, it is 4.37 ha. This is due to the specific relief and activity. However, the average size of agricultural holdings is well below the average size of existing holdings at European Union level, where it is 152.4 ha in the Czech Republic, 90.4 ha in the United Kingdom or 77.5 ha in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research work was to analyze cereals cultivated area, yields, production and price at farm gate in Romania during the last decade, 2012-2021 and also in the year 2022 in order to identify the main trends and causes which affected the performances. The data provided by National Institute of Statistics and Eurostat were processed using indices methods, regression equations and r square, and comparisons between maize and wheat. The results emphasized that, compared to 2012 level, in 2021, Romania achieved 27.79 million tonnes cereals (+116.27%), 14.82 million tonnes maize grains (+149.07%), and 10.43 million tonnes wheat (+96.79%). Maize and wheat represent 92.8% of Romania's cereals production. The high record is explained by the large surfaces cultivated with cereals, accounting for 5.35 million ha in 2021 (-1.6% less than in 2012), of which maize 47.6% and wheat 40.6%, all together 88.2%. Yields are still below the levels achieved by France, Germany, Poland, Italy and Spain, which are its EU main competitors in producing cereals. Compared to 2012, in 2021, cereals yield was 5,188 kg/ha (+120%), maize 5,802 kg grains/ha (+166.16%), wheat 4,797 kg/ha (+78.85%), reflecting the efforts made by farmers to increase production. These results were carried out under the impact of intense climate variations and extreme phenomena like: high air temperatures, heat waves, long droughts, low precipitations. High price volatility for Diesel, seeds, fertilizers, products for plant protection etc had a deep impact on the increase of production costs. Cereals price at the farm gate also increased, under the influence of the unbalance demand/supply ratio in the international market, cereals quotations at the international stock exchange, and hostilities between Russia and Ukraine. Un uncertain future is for the coming agricultural years, when farmers have to strengthen their efforts as their business to survive. They have to set up new technological alternatives for crop structure, cultivated areas, amendments, conservative agriculture, lower farms inputs, environmentally friendly solutions to sustain soil fertility, extend biodiversity, and also to keep production costs under strict control and to assure a lower risk for their business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we propose to analyze the consumer's perception regarding the sensory characteristics of traditional products. The research was carried out in May 2022 as part of the Traditional Products Raffle that takes place weekly in Bd. Marasti no. 61 Bucharest, and assumed the comparison of the sensory characteristics of four types of cheeses, namely: cheese in fir bark, smoked cheese, cheese with cumin and curd with dill. The tasting was done by 83 people, and the appreciation of sensory properties was measured with the help of non-parametric tests that allowed us to determine consumer preferences regarding traditional dairy products. By using the hedonic test and the scalar method, the data were processed statistically, and based on the obtained results, conclusions were formulated that highlighted the fact that the most appreciated traditional product from the category of those tested was "Smoked cheese" (with 7.06 points), followed by "Cheese with cumin" (6.98 points), "Cheese in fir bark" (6.94 points) and "Curd with dill" (6.71 points). The purpose of the research was to highlight the role that the appreciation of the sensory characteristics of food products has in the valorization of traditional or regional products, but also the application of innovation in obtaining new products that contribute to the development of the local economy and to the increase of income in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banking sector is one of the most important sectors for the economy of a country, being the one that supports the functioning of the market and that contributes to the achievement of economic growth. In this paper, we proposed that, starting from the statistical data published in the databases regarding Romania, to characterize the functioning of the banking system during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data were processed and analyzed with the help of some statistical indicators used in the analysis of time series (absolute change with a fixed base, absolute change with a chain base, the dynamic index with a fixed base, the dynamic index with a mobile base and the rhythm of the dynamics) and stood at the basis for formulating conclusions regarding how the banking system in Romania faced the challenges of the 2018-2020 period. At the same time, the strengths and weaknesses that characterized the banking system were identified, so that in the future, measures can be taken to avoid the risks resulting from the emergence of economic, health, social, etc. crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of urban and peri-urban agriculture, although they are not new, are current as a result of the fact that one of the problems that arose during the Covid-19 crisis was that of food security as a result of the need to ensure food resources from nearby sources, in the conditions in which transport and other sectors of activity have reduced or suspended their activity. In this paper, we propose that, starting from the study of the specialized literature regarding urban and peri-urban agriculture, to identify their development possibilities, to identify the forms of practice of urban and peri-urban agriculture, to present the strengths and weaknesses weak related to their development and to propose solutions for their integration in the development of cities on a sustainable basis. The research methodology assumed the study of specialized literature, the consultation of internal and international databases, the processing and analysis of data with the aim of formulating conclusions that can be the basis of future studies, but also formulating conclusions that can be integrated into future policies regarding the development of urban and peri-urban agriculture, taking into account the fact that at the moment there is still no exact formulation regarding their support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the education level in the EU rural areas and identified the gaps exiting between different member states compare to the EU average according to ISCED 2011classification mainly for the population aged 15-64 years. The Eurostat data were processed determining the differences in percentage points registered in the year 2021. The results showed that, in more than 50% EU member states, the share of the rural population is over the EU mean of 22.3%. With 44.9% and 44.7%, Slovakia and Romania could be considered rural countries. The demographic changes in the rural areas have had a deep influence on enrollment and future labor force reserve. The early school-leaving rate is the highest in the rural areas, while tertiary education has lower percentages, on the last position being situated Bulgaria and Romania (below10%). The EU rural population aged 15-64 years has a higher share than the EU average of 25.5% for "Less primary, primary and lower secondary education (level 0-2)" in only 9 countries: Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Malta, Bulgaria, Romania, Denmark and Hungary. Compared to the EU mean of 74.5% for "Upper secondary, post secondary non-tertiary education (level 3-8)", a lower level was registered in only in 9 countries: Hungary, Denmark, Romania, Bulgaria, Malta, Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal. The EU average for "Upper secondary and post secondary non-tertiary education (level 3 and 4)" accounted for 53% and this rate was higher in only 7 states: Czechia, Slovakia, Poland, Croatia, Romania, Hungary and Germany. For "Tertiary education (levels 5-8)", the EU-27 average is 21.4% and a higher rate was found only in 14 countries: Ireland, Belgium Luxemburg, Slovenia, Sweden, Cyprus, France, Estonia, Lithuania, Malta, Spain, Netherlands, Finland, Austria. The large variation of education level in the rural areas from a country to another has a deep impact on economic and social development. For this reason, besides the EU strategy, each country has to adapt its policy and strategy to the local situation and needs. Education and work force crises in the rural areas should be solved by a better infrastructure, more and highly competent teaching staff, a modern endowment in rural schools and a competence oriented curricula, extend of IT skills and digitalization, creation of partnerships and networks, exchange of experience and good practices, educational platforms and internet connections to ensure the permanent interlinks in the community and in the territory, and a proper financing for the field of education from the budget and access of the EU financial support provided by CAP 2021-2027, European Regional development Fund (ERDF), European Social Fund (ESF), EaSIF-European and Social Innovation Fund, ERASMUS Programme and Horizon 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over time, the way people have practiced tourism has evolved, the reasons being both income growth, increased mobility due to globalization, but also a change in thinking or changing priorities in terms of living. In this way it has gone from the simple leisure in tourist destinations, to more complex concepts such as ecological tourism, slow tourism, experiential tourism, and now to the concept of transformative tourism, which during the Covid-19 pandemic it seemed to be even more current than before, considering the fact that this moment was considered to be one of resetting, of rethinking the way in which humanity will continue its activity and life. Therefore, in this paper the purpose was to analyze the way in which experiential and transformative tourism have evolved worldwide, but also the ways in which these forms of tourism can be developed for the benefit of tourists and destination countries. The research methodology involved the bibliographic study of the literature, the collection of information from domestic and international databases, their processing using statistical indicators, their interpretation and the formulation of conclusions on the development prospects of these forms of tourism. The data analyzed in the work show that tourism in general recorded losses during 2020 and 2021, and that, in turn, transformational tourism recorded losses. The advantages of transformational tourism are real, they bring numerous personal benefits, but also related to environmental protection, contributions to the sustainable development of less developed areas. The conclusions we reached demonstrate the fact that there are different forms of transformational tourism, both in the world and in Romania, but they are not sufficiently regulated. Their development could contribute both to the sustainable development of tourist areas, but also to the promotion of a tourism that is much closer to the aspirations of the new generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aimed to analyze the evolution of agricultural areas related to agricultural holdings in Romania and EU countries, from the moment of Romania's accession to the European Union until 2018. At the same time, it was aimed to establish the place occupied by Romania in relation to the other member countries, but at the same time compared to the EU average The study followed not only the classification of agricultural holdings according to agricultural area, but also the eligible areas, as well as the growth rate of agricultural holdings according to the economic size and according to the standard production. The research methodology involved collecting information through databases, processing them and interpreting them using statistical methods, so that by formulating conclusions we can identify not only how farms have evolved over the period, but at the same time identify the causes which were the basis of the existing gaps in Romania compared to the European Union countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we aim to present how the application of the specific tax in tourism and food influences the profitability of economic entities in this field. The research methodology involved the study of the literature, the accounting regulations regarding the specific tax and the analysis performed for a number of 10 economic entities that apply these regulations. The study was based on quantitative and qualitative research that involved the collection of information provided by the financial statements, but also other information obtained based on a questionnaire applied to the entities in the study sample. The calculation methodology provided in Law 170/2016 on the establishment of the specific tax was also used. Following this research, we aimed to highlight both the way of applying the specific taxation within the entities in the field subject to analysis, but also the way in which this system influences the registered financial performance. At the same time, there were identified the advantages and disadvantages of its application. Based on the results obtained during the research, the conclusions were formulated regarding the efficiency of the application of the calculation system of the specific tax in the units with tourist and food profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is constantly changing, both in terms of consumption habits, consumption patterns or consumer attitudes. Therefore, producers must pay much more attention not only to the products obtained, but also to the way in which these products are promoted and reach these consumers. That is why the marketing techniques had to keep up with these changes and which led to the separation of new promotion channels and new ways of promotion, all with the aim of increasing sales. In this paper we aim to discuss sensory marketing that starts from the data provided through sensory analysis tests that aim to either identify sensitive points that appear in technological schemes or extend the life cycle of products, in the end, they aim at both consumer satisfaction and ensuring profit for producers. The research methodology involved reviewing the literature, collecting information through questionnaires to which the valid answers belonged to a number of 127 respondents. The data processing was done using descriptive statistical methods and the Likert scale, and the interpretation of the data allowed us to draw conclusions about how the relationship between sensory analysis and sensory marketing could be used so that the results are used as efficiently as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of pesticides is a growing problem for the environment given the negative impact it has on the quality of soil, groundwater and surface water, biodiversity and ecosystems, but also on human health. To these are added the emergence of new diseases and pests that must be combated, precisely as a result of changes in the environment and climate change. However, their use is necessary, given the growing need for food, as a result of the exponential growth of the world's population and the reduction of areas for agriculture. The use of the latest generation pesticides, their correct application leads not only to the increase of their productions and to their profitability, but also to the protection of the environment and the preservation of biodiversity. In this paper, we aim to analyze the evolution of pesticide consumption in the E.U. and at the level of Romania in the period 2011-2019. The research methodology involved the bibliographic study, the consultation of domestic and international databases, the analysis of statistical data, their interpretation and the formulation of conclusions on the current situation compared to the base year, so that we can estimate what future developments will be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism, one of the branches that recorded among the largest losses during the Covid-19 pandemic, both globally and nationally, is the subject of the case study. These losses were due both to the travel restrictions imposed by each state, but also to the reluctance of tourists to travel, especially in 2020. Therefore, the number of tourists has decreased considerably, both in terms of resident tourists and tourists. non-residents. That is why in this paper we set out to analyze the ways in which the development of the Covid-19 pandemic influenced the tourist traffic, taking into account the non-resident tourists who arrived in Romania. We found that the incoming activity of tourists was well below the outgoing activity, which negatively influenced both the tourist entities and the complementary sectors, which in turn are related to the entire national economy. The research methodology consisted in collecting the existing data on the website of the National Institute of Statistics, as well as in other specialized databases, their processing, analysis and formulation of conclusions. Different research methods were used: analysis, deduction, graphical method, comparative method, as well as a series of indicators with a fixed base through which we highlighted the change in time of tourist traffic, as well as their growth rate. Based on the analyzed data, conclusions were formulated that allowed us to characterize the existing situation on the Romanian market in the period 2018-2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the main trends in goat livestock and milk, meat, cheese and butter production at the world level during the last 30 years, more exactly since 1990 till present. The data collected from Faostat have been processed using fixed basis index, regression equations and coefficient of determination. The results proved that goats are important in the agriculture of many countries. They play a more and more important role in food security and safety, milk, meat, cheese, butter, yoghourt being called to complete dairy products offer and satisfy better consumers' demand. In 2019, the goat livestock reached the peak of the last three decades, accounting for 1,093.7 million heads, milk production was 19.91 million tonnes, meat production 6.25 million tonnes, cheese production 564 thousand tonnes and 7,427 tonnes butter. The highest number of goats is in Asia (54%) and Africa (38%), the highest meat production is also in Asia (73%) and Africa (23%), and the largest milk production is obtained also in Asia (54%), Africa (25%) and Europe (15%). Cheese production has the highest level in Africa (44%), followed by Europe (38%) and Asia (13.6%). Goat breeders are encouraged to continue their business raising goats due to the higher and higher demand for the goat products. The great challenges for goat producers are market fluctuations, price volatility, climate change which could affect forage resources. In this respect, goat breeders associations will play an important role in supporting the farmers with technical services and effective policies to sustain them to benefit from the demand growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the demand and offer in Romania's balneary (spa) tourism in the decade 2010-2019 in order to identify the main trends and correlations and the aspects which have to be improved for increasing spa tourism contribution in the economy and to people's health and relaxation. The data provided by National Institute of Statistics were processed using usual methods for dynamic analysis, trend equation, regressions and correlations, and determination coefficient. In 2019, Romania's offer in spa tourism was represented by 37 balneary resorts, 620 units with reception function for tourist accommodation, and 35,643 places, while the demand consisted of 1.33 million tourist arrivals and 4.81 million overnight stays. All this figures represent much more than in 2010, except the number of places which declined by 2.3%. Romanian spa tourism keeps 7.1% of the number of tourist accommodation units, 10% of the number of places, 8.5% of tourist arrivals, and 16% overnight stays. A positive and strong connection was found between the number of tourist arrivals and overnight stays, but also an unbalanced ratio between overnight stays and number of places as well as between tourist arrivals and number of places. Therefore, balneary tourism has to be much more sustained to become a strong branch of Romania's tourism. A new strategy is required to better valorize the richness of natural resources, to continue investing in infrastructure, to diversify spa services, and to promote more intensively Romania's spa tourism abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the status of pork market during the period 2017-2019 under the impact of African Swine Fever (ASF) in order to assess the consequences on pig livestock, pork production, trade, and price compared to the period 2014-2016. Using the data provided by Faostat and National Institute of Statistics, and the usual methods specific to such an analysis: fixed index, trend line, regression equations and determination coefficient, the obtained results have pointed out that in the interval 2017-2019 versus 2014-2016, of pig livestock, ASF has amplified the decline of pig livestock, slaughtered pigs and their live weight, and pork production. The higher demand than offer on the domestic market increased imports to assure food security and increased pork price. Farmers are discouraged to grow pigs due to the lack of biological material, high price for piglets and feedstuff, high production cost and the high risk that their business to fail, as long as subsidies and aids are missing in pig farming. In consequence, it is needed a new strategy which has to be adapted to the actual situation at the European level destined to counteract the spread of ASF by using efficient measures of traceability and biosecurity along the pork chain. Veterinary authorities have to join their forces to eradicate this disease and produce a vaccine for saving pig livestock. Subsidies and aids are required to sustain pig growing in Romania, where pork is a strategic food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the dynamics of tourist demand and offer in Romania's mountain resorts in the period 2010-2019 using the statistical data collected from National Institute of Statistics in order to identify the main trends and suggest solutions for enhancing this sector of the national tourism. Fixed basis index, structural index and comparison method have been used for data processing. Romania has more than 100 mountain resorts, with a wonderful scenery and breathtaking splendors and treasure which must be discovered. More than 95 resorts are suitable for skiing. The most attractive mountain resorts are Poiana Brasov, Sinaia, Busteni, Predeal, Azuga, Paltinis, Vatra Dornei, Ranca and Transalpina. Over 2.3 million tourists spent their vacations in Romania's mountain resorts in 2019, being 2.8 times more then 2010 and accounting for 17.2% of total Romania's visitors. Romanians are dominant with a share of 91%. Not only the number of Romanians is growing up, but also the foreign visitors number which reached over 196 thousand in 2019, that is 2.2 times more than in 2010. The overnight stays increased 2.8 times, accounting for 4.42 million in 2019. In the mountain resorts there are 2,370 units for tourists accommodation, of which about 70% were represented by tourist and agro-tourist guesthouses, 8.7% tourist villas, 7.9% hotels and 6.2% chalets etc. Their number represent 27.5% of Romania's tourism accommodation units. In 2019, the offer of places (beds) was 63,943, by 80.4% more than in 2010 and representing 17.8% of the total offer in Romania's tourism. The beauty of the natural mountain landscapes, biodiversity, local economy, humans, cultural and historical heritage have to be better valorized, developed and promoted to enhance mountain tourism to increase its efficiency and competitiveness. Mountain skiing resorts have to continue their efforts to improve the access roads, buildings, equipments, installations, facilities, to enlarge the range of activities and to offer to tourists unforgettable vacations and to entirely cover their expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a globalized economy in which more and more companies are operating, expanding their activity in different fields and by setting up different groups of companies, covering different markets, the issue of transfer pricing is not only important, but also necessary in considering the implications that they have not only on the profitability of the companies, but also on the budgets of the states of which they are part. In this paper we aimed to analyze the not easy issue of transfer prices, exemplifying through case studies, the choice and use of various valuation methods that aim to strengthen the tax base and determine the taxable profit within the group of companies in a way that is as correct as possible and that does not have fiscal consequences on them. The methods used were: the price comparison method, the plus cost method, the resale price method and the profit sharing method. The study highlighted that the application of the methods is based on the characteristics of the entities, the characteristics of the transactions subject to analysis and the comparability of the data. But regardless of the applied method, the preparation of the transfer pricing file is useful both for the fiscal authorities and for the entities, considering the fact that they can contribute to the increase of the company's profitability and to the assurance of competitive advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical tourism is a global phenomenon that involves the movement of people outside the country of residence in order to receive medical care, given that the global market is characterized by high medical costs for the treatment of chronic diseases, especially in developed countries. This market is growing, manifesting itself in two directions, on the one hand from developing countries to developed countries that have quality medical services, and on the other hand from developed countries to developing countries, due to the affordable services from the financial point of view, Among the reasons that determine the medical tourism are diseases such as dental, fertility treatment, cosmetic surgery, ophthalmic, orthopedic, cardiovascular treatments, etc. Based on the bibliographic study and the existing data in the statistical databases, we proposed that in this paper to analyze how medical tourism has developed in recent years, and the impact it has on a country's economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid Crisis - 19 meant for each of us an experience that we have never lived before and that we saw as a form of isolation from all that means socially, the negative impact on the economy being at the same time an undisputed one. And yet, can't it be the beginning of a new path? Can't it also have positive effects on our lives and on the entire planet? Doesn't it mean sustainability, doesn't it mean reinvention and the beginning of a new road, more modest, more relaxed, less aggressive with the environment? In this paper we aimed to analyze how the Covid - 19 crisis has influenced the tourism industry and how this could contribute to its reinvention, to the promotion of a sustainable tourism, to the finding of new ways to practice tourism. The study is based on the analysis of different bibliographic sources, on the analysis of statistical data, on the experience of some creators of sustainable forms of tourism that could be extended and that could contribute to the good of the planet and ours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was the analysis of the tourism dynamics in Romania's seaside resorts in the period 2010- 2019 in order to identify the main trends and characteristics of tourism in this destination. Based on fixed indices and regression models, the results proved that the seaside resorts are high attraction destinations for spending holidays especially in the summer season and also in extra-season. In 2019, tourist arrivals reached 1,153.7 thousands and the overnight stays accounted for 4,658 thousands, being higher than in 2010 by +64.2%, and, respectively, by +58.75%. The use rate of accommodation units in the seaside resorts increased from 33.8% in 2010 to 51.01% in 2019 being much higher than at the national level. More than 97% tourists on the seashore are Romanians. A number of 816.6 thousands tourists, meaning 10 times more than in 2010, took part to one-day trips organized in the proximity of the seaside by the local travel agencies. Even in the pandemic of covid-19, the Romanian seaside resorts were among the most preferred destinations. The main characteristics of Romania's seaside tourism are: the higher attraction for Romanian tourists than for foreigners, the seasonality and also extraseasonality of offer and demand, the disruption between the decline of the accommodation capacity (units and places) and the increased number of tourists, the large variety of tourism forms for spending time in an active (heliomarine cure, balneary procedures, nautical sports, fishing, entertainment, gastronomic, wine tasting, culturalhistorical etc). The seaside resorts have to continue their efforts to offer a modern and comfortable infrastructure, a large range of opportunities for spending vacations and safe stays in order to increase the number of tourists and incomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slow tourism, slow adventure are new ways to travel, are new ways of life that are addressed to a new generation of tourists, much more concerned with ecology, environmental protection, and who wants to have a relaxing break after life tumultuous it has, which needs both adrenaline, but also immersion in a natural, open space, which will allow them to disconnect from technology. Drawing from these concepts, appeared and developed by specialists from the Nordic countries, as well as from the examples of their good practices, through this paper we set out to analyze the evolution of tourism worldwide during the period 2009-2018, with the purpose of to identify the ways of adapting Romania to these new temptations. The research method consisted of two stages, one of bibliographic study and another of analysis and interpretation of statistical data, on the basis of which conclusions could be formulated and proposals made for the development of slow tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today the world faces a lot of problems: an unstable economy that leads to joblessness, population growth, but also to a poor population in some areas of the world, environmental degradation, political instability, etc. All these problems could be alleviated in some countries, and they could be further alleviated through the income generated by tourism development. One form of tourism that does not necessarily require high investments is adventure tourism, which must be practiced responsibly precisely because it is close to nature and because we do not want to destroy this nature that is already in imbalance. This requires responsible behavior and government policies that ensure sustainable tourism. In this paper we intend to analyze the place that adventure tourism occupies among developed countries and developing countries starting from the existing data for the period 2010-2018. We will analyze how this ranking has changed over time, but also the ways in which Romania could develop adventure tourism. The working methodology involved the revision of the specialized literature on the definition of adventure tourism and the way of calculating the Adventure Tourism Development Index, the collection of data from various international databases, their processing, so that based on the analysis we could draw conclusions regarding the development stage of adventure tourism in Romania and its development prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The food industry today faces many challenges as a result of changes in legislation in this area, due to the use of distribution chains that are increasingly complex or the emergence of no ice ingredients tend to replace traditional products. The success of a food company depends on its ability to provide its customers with safe, quality products that meet their expectations, but also respecting specific legislation. In addition to their role in human nutrition due to their nutritional value and the need to cover energy needs, food must also contribute to ensuring psychosensory satisfaction as a result of consumption, in close connection with the structure of the product, its chemical composition and its properties. The way in which the food products satisfy from the sensory point of view the exigencies of the consumers, represents an important condition in the realization of some salable products and therefore, the producers in the food industry must pay due attention to these aspects. This can be achieved through sensory analysis which is also a component of the concept of quality, being a method of examining food using the basic senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. Through this paper we aimed to analyze consumers' perception of the quality of bakery products using subjective methods, ie assessment methods for consumers and not specialists, namely: the hedonic test and the Likert scale, which were applied to a semi-trained panel of 45 tasters, represented by the students of the Faculty of Management and Rural Development. Based on the study, conclusions were formulated regarding the way in which consumers appreciated the quality of bakery products, resulting in the fact that they orient their purchase of bakery products according to taste and appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the trends and relationships in the EU ewes and goats livestock and milk output in the period 2010-2018 based on Eurostat Data using the fixed basis index, descriptive statistics, average yearly growth rate, Bravais- Pearson correlation coefficients, determination coefficient and regression models. The results attested the important contribution given by the two species to the EU milk sector in order to diversify cheese varieties and stimulate consumption and export. While sheep livestock declined in general, and the goats population increased, ewes and goats' milk delivered to dairy industry increased. In the decreasing order, the main EU countries raising sheep are Spain, Romania, Greece, Italy and France, and the main countries growing goats are Greece, Spain, Romania, France, Italy and Netherlands. Raw milk production increased in case of the both species in many countries. Ewe milk is mainly produced in Greece, Spain, Italy and France, while goat milk is especially produced in France, Spain, Netherlands and Greece. The diverse policies, management and marketing and production performance from a country to another pointed out the need to improve farmers skills in resources, livestock and production management, to encourage them to join in associations to benefit of low-price inputs and a direct access to market. The coupled aids financed by the EU are incentives to sustain sheep and goat farming and dairy sector, farmers' income, the valorization of the natural resources, the development of the disadvantaged rural and peri-urban areas, animal health and welfare, environment quality and biodiversity, and the offer of organic dairy products to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed net profit and profitability of a panel of six commercial companies (C1-C6) raising dairy cows and supplying milk on the capital market in the period 2009-2018, based on the data from Balance Sheets which were processed using fixed index, descriptive statistics, points method, regression modeling, correlations and determination coefficients. All the companies registered an increased net profit in the analyzed period except C3 which registered losses in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2018 and C5 with losses in 2016. The highest annual profit average was achieved by C4 (Lei 1.19 Million) and the lowest one by C5 (Lei 0.3 Million). Net profit margin varied between 23%, the highest level in C5, and 1.1%, the lowest level in C3. The highest average net profit obtained per one million used assets was Lei 370 thousand in C5 and the lowest level was Lei 6 thousand in C3.For one million equity, the return of net profit accounted for Lei 0.42 million in C5 and Lei 30 thousand in C3. The total costs of the firms increased influencing the net profit. For Lei one million expenses, the average net profit varied between Lei 310 thousand in C5 and 20 thousand in C3. The total number of points received for each analyzed indicator led to the following classification of the companies, in the decreasing order of profitability: C5, C4,C2, C6,C1 and C3. The F test confirmed that the linear regression models attested that costs have an influence on net profit. However, only in case of C5 and C2, the variation of net profit was caused by total costs in a higher proportion than 50%, and in case of C4 and C1 with about 31%. The correlation coefficients reflected a high positive connection between net profit and costs in C2 (r = 0.994) and C6 (r = 0.711). The profitability analysis in these companies emphasized that even though they are in top agribusiness in dairy farming, they could get losses in a few years as net profit is influenced by costs. As a final conclusion, to increase net profit and profitability, the decision makers have to set up a development strategy of the business based on a deep financial analysis and prospecting the opportunities which could assure economic growth in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistics show that by 2050 there will be a doubling of the population of the globe, as the earth's surface undergoes numerous transformations that risk reducing the surface of living areas more and more (recent fire in Australia, melting glaciers, desertification, etc.). Under these conditions, the need to find intelligent solutions that contribute to solving the problems related to less and less available resources, to the needs of environmental protection, to ensuring comfort in urban agglomerations, to ensuring safety in these environments is becoming stronger, which requires ensuring an integrated management that responds to the modern demands of humanity, as well as solving these problems. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between demography and the development of smart cities. In this sense, the methodology consisted in the analysis of the specialized literature, as well as of the statistical data presented in different databases, which were the basis for the formulation of opinions and conclusions on how to modernize the cities that could thus become intelligent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]