41 results on '"Oppermann, Kai"'
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2. German Foreign Policy Under the Merkel IV Government: The Role of Party Political Contestation Within the 'Grand Coalition'.
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai and Brummer, Klaus
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POLITICAL science , *PRACTICAL politics , *COALITION governments , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
The article takes stock of German foreign policy under the Merkel IV government and adopts an analytical perspective that zooms in on the role of coalition politics. Specifically, it explores the impact of party-political contestation inside the 'grand coalition' both between (inter-party contestation) and within (intra-party contestation) the coalition partners on the foreign policy record of the Merkel IV government. In the empirical analysis, the discussion focuses on selected foreign policy areas that dominated the German foreign policy agenda during the Merkel IV government, namely transatlantic relations, European integration, the UN and multilateralism as well as Germany's relations to autocratic states, in particular Russia and China. While the analysis points to some foreign policy contestation between and within the coalition parties, it finds that the foreign policy of the Merkel IV government remained largely unaffected by party political contestation inside the 'grand coalition'. The article argues that the limited influence of coalition politics points to the key role of the foreign policy executive in German foreign policy and reflects the broad foreign policy consensus at the centre of the German party system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Unpacking Altercasting in Role Theory: The Biden Administration's Policy of Altercasting Germany into a Faithful Ally Role in Relations with China.
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Oppermann, Kai
- Subjects
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ROLE theory , *IMPRESSION management , *PRESIDENTIAL administrations , *VERBAL behavior , *EXPERT evidence , *SELF-presentation - Abstract
The article contributes to scholarship on symbolic interactionist role theory in Foreign Policy Analysis, focusing on the concept of altercasting. Altercasting refers to verbal and non-verbal state behaviors in a role relationship to cast another state into roles that are complementary to its own roles. The article suggests putting more attention on the agency of the actor "doing" the altercasting to gain a better understanding of how altercasting works. To this purpose, the article develops a framework to unpack the agency of the altercasting actor. The framework addresses the preconditions for actors to engage in altercasting, the interplay of altercasting with domestic politics, and the available altercasting techniques. The article illustrates this framework in a case study on the efforts of the Biden administration to altercast Germany into a "faithful ally" role vis-à-vis China when the new German government transitioned into office in late 2021. Building on evidence from expert interviews among the U.S. foreign policy community, the case study demonstrates that the Biden administration had clear role expectations of Germany and understood the balance of opinion between the German coalition parties. The Biden administration used the altercasting techniques of self-presentation, signaling approval, and disapproval and making direct behavioral demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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4. Propaganda photographs as a tool of North Korean public diplomacy: an experimental analysis of the Kim Jong-un effect.
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Hellmann, Olli and Oppermann, Kai
- Subjects
- *
SURVEYS , *PUBLIC diplomacy , *STRATEGIC communication , *PROPAGANDA - Abstract
A growing body of research shows that the pariah regime of North Korea—as other countries too—cares about how it is perceived internationally. However, so far, we know very little about how effective North Korea's strategic efforts are in improving its image among foreign audiences. As a first step toward addressing this gap, we employ a rigorous survey experiment among a representative sample of US adults (N = 800) to demonstrate that propaganda photographs of Kim Jong-un—produced and distributed by the regime's official mouthpiece, the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA)—succeed in improving perceptions of North Korea, albeit only among audiences with limited political knowledge. By providing evidence that news photographs are effective strategic communication instruments, our paper also makes an original and significant contribution to general scholarship on mediated public diplomacy, which has until now paid little attention to visual media as a tool of image management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. Veto Player Approaches in Foreign Policy Analysis
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai and Brummer, Klaus
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- 2017
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6. Counterfactual Reasoning in Foreign Policy Analysis : The Case of German Nonparticipation in the Libya Intervention of 2011
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Hansel, Mischa and Oppermann, Kai
- Published
- 2016
7. Narratives of digital sovereignty in German political discourse.
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Lambach, Daniel and Oppermann, Kai
- Subjects
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SOVEREIGNTY , *POLITICAL agenda , *NARRATIVES , *DISCOURSE - Abstract
Digital sovereignty has become a prominent concept in European digital policy, and Germany stands out as its leading advocate in Europe. How digital sovereignty is being understood in German politics is therefore highly relevant for broader policy debates on the European level. This motivates the main objective of the article to map out the different meanings that are attributed to digital sovereignty in German political discourse. Specifically, the article adopts a narrative framework to reconstruct the narratives through which these meanings are constructed. The analysis identifies seven different but overlapping narratives of digital sovereignty in the German discourse that serve to promote partly contradictory political agendas. We argue that this diversity is not a bug, but a feature. Specifically, it supports rich internarrative linkages which benefit the broader resonance of each individual narrative. It also enables a broad set of political actors to enlist digital sovereignty for their specific priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Mapping party support for EU referendums after Brexit: results from an expert survey.
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai
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BREXIT Referendum, 2016 , *PRACTICAL politics , *POLITICAL parties , *EUROSCEPTICISM - Abstract
The article maps party support for national EU-related referendums across the EU after Brexit. It is motivated by conflicting expectations about the trajectory of EU referendum politics in the post-Brexit environment which foreground either possible contagion or deterrent effects of the Brexit referendum. Against this background, the article explores the scope of party support for EU referendums in EU member states, which types of political parties endorse popular votes on European issues and how the Brexit experience has affected EU referendum support among European parties. To that purpose, the article presents novel data from an EU-wide (except Ireland) expert survey. The findings show that EU referendum support varies greatly between national party systems and that it comes mainly from Eurosceptic opposition parties, often on the populist far right. The impact of the Brexit precedent on party positions on EU referendums is relatively weak overall and uneven across parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. introduction: coalition politics and foreign policy
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oppermann, kai, kaarbo, juliet, and brummer, klaus
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- 2016
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10. coalition governance and foreign policy decision-making
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oppermann, kai, brummer, klaus, and van willigen, niels
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- 2016
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11. What if? Counterfactual Trump and the western response to the war in Ukraine.
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Kaarbo, Juliet, Oppermann, Kai, and Beasley, Ryan K
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RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022- , *UNITED States presidential election, 2020 , *COUNTERFACTUALS (Logic) , *PERSONALITY studies - Abstract
Because of his personality, had Donald Trump won the 2020 election the remarkable and unexpected united response by NATO allies to the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine would not have happened. Relying on leader personality research in foreign policy, we demonstrate this by using the counterfactual method of analysis. Specifying key differences between Biden's and Trump's personalities in terms of their experiences, traits and beliefs, we explicitly show that president Trump would have been very unlikely to share US intelligence, rally NATO allies in support of Ukraine or challenge Vladimir Putin. In contrast, these responses fit very well with Joe Biden's personality. We first present counterfactual analysis as a method before comparing Biden and Trump along personality characteristics known to significantly influence foreign-policy decisions. Through our case-study, we demonstrate the value of using systematic and theoretically grounded counterfactual methods for assessing the importance of individual differences between leaders and emphasizing their impact on international affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Poliheuristic Theory of Decision-Making
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Oppermann, Kai
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- 2018
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13. Drivers of Consensus: Responses to Brexit in Germany, France, Ireland and Poland.
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Taggart, Paul, Oppermann, Kai, Dooley, Neil, Szczerbiak, Aleks, and Collard, Susan
- Abstract
Brexit was potentially a highly divisive issue for the EU27 with states having different relationships with the UK. And yet in the period from the UK's referendum in 2016 until the exit of the UK in 2020, the EU27 maintained a remarkable degree of unity. This article examines relative EU27 unity in the face of the Brexit process. The article is based on interviews and other research on four selected EU member states: Germany, France, Poland and Ireland. The article considers four different factors drawn from the theoretical literature that might account for EU27 unity and then examines how they played out in each of the four states. We then compare across the cases and conclude that they all shaped national responses to Brexit, but that how they mattered and the patterns of effects were differentiated among the cases. This points towards the importance of seeing Brexit as a multifaceted phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. Photographs as Instruments of Public Diplomacy: China's Visual Storytelling during the Covid-19 Pandemic.
- Author
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Hellmann, Olli and Oppermann, Kai
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PUBLIC diplomacy ,COVID-19 pandemic ,STORYTELLING ,MODERATES (Political science) ,POLITICAL knowledge ,PUBLIC opinion - Abstract
Summary: This article explores the effectiveness of photographs as instruments of public diplomacy through an analysis of China's visual storytelling during the Covid-19 outbreak. Beijing considered the pandemic an existential threat to its image and responded with a communications offensive that was designed to highlight the regime's success in containing the Coronavirus — both at home and abroad — and to safeguard the wider 'China story' of a 'peace-loving and responsible global leader'. By combining scholarship on public diplomacy and strategic narratives with the 'visual turn' literature in international relations, this article focuses on the non-verbal dimension of China's storytelling and explores the impact of photographs — distributed by the regime's news agency, Xinhua — on international public opinion. Through a survey experiment among 1,000 US adults, we demonstrate that such photographs had a positive effect on China's international image, but that this effect was moderated by levels of political knowledge among the target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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15. Laughing at Failure or Failing to Laugh: Humour as a Strategy for Dealing With Foreign Policy Failure?
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Spencer, Alexander and Oppermann, Kai
- Abstract
The paper considers the role of humour in dealing with failure in foreign policy and brings insights together from the studies of policy failure, humour studies, customer service management and crisis communication. It investigates how research in customer service management and crisis communication points to the use of humour as an additional strategy for dealing with foreign policy failure. This research has provided valuable insights into the benefits of humour for dealing with minor service failure, reducing the level of damage done to the standing of the actor responsible for the failure. The paper transfers these insights into IR and investigates the benefits and drawbacks of self-deprecating humour by policy makers responsible for failure. To illustrate this, we consider the humour employed by US President George W. Bush at the White House Correspondents Dinner in 2004 when making fun of his administration’s inability to find weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq. We argue that humour can be a tool to address policy failure only in front of a sympathetic audience when humour can be a means of addressing the cognitive tension between support for a policy and its empirical failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Poliheuristic Theory and Germany's (Non-)Participation in Multinational Military Interventions. The Non-compensatory Principle, Coalition Politics and Political Survival.
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Brummer, Klaus and Oppermann, Kai
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INTERVENTION (International law) , *DECISION making in political science , *POLICY sciences , *DEPLOYMENT (Military strategy) ,GERMAN foreign relations ,GERMAN politics & government - Abstract
This article employs the poliheuristic theory of decision-making (PHT) to analyse German decisions to participate in, or abstain from, multinational military operations. PHT represents one of the leading theoretical efforts at bridging the cognitive-rationalist divide in foreign policy analysis. The theory posits a two-stage model of foreign policy-making: in the first stage, actors rely on a non-compensatory strategy as a cognitive shortcut to eliminate unacceptable alternatives and to reduce the choice set. In the second stage, actors switch to a compensatory mode of information-processing and select the alternative which maximises expected utility. While there is broad agreement that the non-compensatory dimension at the first stage of PHT concerns the domestic repercussions of foreign policy, it is less clear how this 'domestic politics' dimension should be operationalised. This article contributes to this debate by specifying the operationalisation of the non-compenstaory principle in the context of coalition foreign policy making in parliamentary democracies. Specifically, it suggests that the non-compensatory dimension in coalition foreign policy consists of the expected impact of foreign policy on coalition survival. Empirically, the article argues that PHT sheds important new light on arguably some of the most controversial military deployment decisions (Democratic Republic of Congo, Lebanon, Libya) of post-unification Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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17. Role Theory, Foreign Policy, and the Social Construction of Sovereignty: Brexit Stage Right.
- Author
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Beasley, Ryan K, Kaarbo, Juliet, and Oppermann, Kai
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- 2021
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18. Clashing Traditions: German Foreign Policy in a New Era.
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Gaskarth, Jamie and Oppermann, Kai
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *PACIFISM , *HEGEMONY , *REGIONALISM , *ISOLATIONISM , *REALISM - Abstract
A series of crises over the last decade have put pressure on Europe's fundamental ordering principles. In response, German policymakers have scrambled to reinterpret Germany's foreign policy for a new era. To understand this process, the authors utilize an interpretivist approach, analyzing the discourse of German foreign policymakers through the lens of four traditions of thought informing debates: regionalism, pacifism, realism, and hegemonism. The article suggests that despite serious challenges, prevailing patterns of belief centered round regionalism and pacifism, supported by a particular civilian understanding of hegemony, persist. Yet, Germany's allies are challenging this framework and calling for it to accept more responsibility for regional and global security. As a result, a realist tradition is reemerging in Germany's discourse. The taxonomy provided here allows a richer understanding of these debates as well as an appreciation of how policymakers mobilize ideas to resist or enable policy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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19. Building Sustainable Couples in International Relations. A Strategy towards Peaceful Cooperation Vassort-Rousset Brigitte
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Oppermann, Kai
- Published
- 2016
20. The divided kingdom: making sense of the 'Brexit' referendum
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai
- Abstract
The “in-or-out” referendum on Britain’s EU membership on 23 June 2016 has returned a narrow majority for “Brexit”. This result brings to the fore deep divisions within British society and has aggravated the current crisis of European integration. It has also plunged Britain into a period of political, economic and constitutional uncertainty. This article sheds light on the political context and the main drivers of the British vote to leave the EU. The discussion will begin with exploring the political rationale behind calling the referendum in the first place. The focus will then shift to the European negotiations about Britain’s demands for EU reform in the run-up to the vote. Finally, the article will analyse the main long- and short-term explanatory factors for the referendum outcome.
- Published
- 2016
21. The party politics of learning from failure: the German Greens and the lessons drawn from the 2013 general election.
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Bürgin, Alexander and Oppermann, Kai
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ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *GREEN movement , *BALANCE of power , *POLITICAL parties , *DELIBERATIVE democracy , *EMPIRICAL research , *POLITICAL leadership - Abstract
Exploring the party political learning of the German Greens, a powerful agent of environmental policy in European politics, we identify the strategic and programmatic lessons learned from their failure in the 2013 general elections and explain the party politics that facilitated these lessons. We advance research on learning from failures by understanding failures not as objective facts but as constructed in political discourse. Tracing the main discursive elements of failure constructions, we argue that such constructions empower agents of learning and direct what actors learn from failures. Party elites might engage in strategic constructions of failures to promote their agenda and position in the party. Empirically tracing how the party political discourse of the German Greens constructed the 2013 elections as a failure, we demonstrate how this discursive construction intertwines with party politics and helped shift the intra-party balance of power and political direction of the Greens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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22. British foreign policy after Brexit: losing Europe and finding a role.
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Oppermann, Kai, Beasley, Ryan, and Kaarbo, Juliet
- Subjects
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BREXIT Referendum, 2016 , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *BRITISH withdrawal from the European Union, 2016-2020 , *ROLE conflict , *ROLE theory , *GREAT powers (International relations) - Abstract
British foreign policy stands at a turning point following the 2016 'Brexit' referendum. Drawing on role theory, we trace the United Kingdom's efforts to establish new foreign policy roles as it interacts with the concerned international actors. We find that the pro-Brexit desire to 'take back control' has not yet translated into a cogent foreign policy direction. In its efforts to avoid adopting the role of isolate, the United Kingdom has projected a disoriented foreign policy containing elements of partially incompatible roles such as great power, global trading state, leader of the Commonwealth, regional partner to the European Union (EU) and faithful ally to the United States. The international community has, through processes of socialisation and alter-casting, largely rejected these efforts. These role conflicts between the United Kingdom and international actors, as well as conflicts among its different role aspirations, have pressed UK policies towards its unwanted isolationist role, potentially shaping its long-term foreign policy orientation post-Brexit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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23. Narrative genres of Brexit: the Leave campaign and the success of romance.
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Spencer, Alexander and Oppermann, Kai
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BRITISH withdrawal from the European Union, 2016-2020 , *STORYTELLING , *BREXIT Referendum, 2016 , *REFERENDUM , *SUCCESS - Abstract
This article argues that the Leave narrative was successful in the 2016 referendum in part because it conformed to one of the well-established narrative genres of tragedy, comedy, satire and romance. These genres are story telling conventions that orientate audiences and guide the interpretation of the story being told. Specifically, the article shows that the Leave campaign constructed a largely consistent romantic narrative, while the Remain campaign mixed narrative genres. This difference in 'genre consistency' contributed to the success of Leave and the failure of Remain in the referendum. The investigation into the role of genre consistency adds to theoretical scholarship on narrative dominance in political discourse which has so far focused on the narrator, the structure and content of the story or the audience. The analysis points to structural similarities between the romantic genre and populist narratives more generally which enables populism to tap into the power of romance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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24. Who Gets What in Foreign Affairs? Explaining the Allocation of Foreign Ministries in Coalition Governments.
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Oppermann, Kai and Brummer, Klaus
- Subjects
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COALITION governments , *FOREIGN ministers (Cabinet officers) , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
In coalition governments, political parties are concerned not only with how many but also with which departments they control. The foreign ministry is among the most highly considered prizes in coalition negotiations. This article develops hypotheses to explain under which conditions the foreign ministry is likely to be allocated to a 'junior coalition partner'. The factors that are hypothesized to affect the allocation are: the relative size of coalition parties; the proximity of their foreign policy positions; the party family of the junior coalition party; the salience of foreign policy to the coalition parties; and past allocations of the foreign ministry to junior coalition partners. Employing a crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis, the article demonstrates that although the conjunction of the junior partner being relatively large and it having led the foreign ministry in the past is not sufficient by itself, those two factors are very influential in the junior partner being allocated the foreign ministry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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25. Introduction: special issue on EU-induced policy change in Turkey's environment and energy policy.
- Author
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Bürgin, Alexander and Oppermann, Kai
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EUROPEANIZATION , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,TURKEY-European Union countries relations - Abstract
In view of Turkey's increasing distance from the European Union (EU), the continued partial alignment with EU standards is often attributed either to domestic factors, or to diffusion processes induced by external actors other than the EU. Against this background, in this special issue, we explore the extent to which reforms in Turkey's environment and energy policy are (still) influenced by the EU. This introduction briefly reviews the Turkey related Europeanisation literature and previews the articles in this special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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26. Between a Rock and a Hard Place? Navigating Domestic and International Expectations on German Foreign Policy.
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Oppermann, Kai
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *NAVIGATION , *EXPECTATION (Philosophy) - Abstract
This article takes stock of German foreign policy during Angela Merkel's third term in office (2013–17). It argues that the longer-term significance of Germany's foreign policy during this period is twofold. First, the Merkel government was confronted with multiple European and international crises which worked as a magnifying glass for the growing international expectations on Germany to become more actively engaged on the international stage. Second, the tenure of the Grand Coalition saw a significant shift in the German domestic foreign policy discourse that was marked by a concerted effort of leading decision-makers to make the case for Germany to accept greater international responsibilities. This emerging consensus among foreign policy elites expresses a changed self-conception of German foreign policy which, however, continues to be viewed with scepticism in the broader public. Informed by such a broad two-level perspective that focuses on the interplay between international and domestic expectations on German foreign policy, the article explores the record of the Grand Coalition in the main international crises it had to engage with. It suggests that the Merkel government was better able to live up to its own aspirations in two-level contexts which left it with greater domestic room for manoeuvre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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27. Part I: Actor-centered perspectives: Chapter 5: Veto player approaches in public policy and foreign policy.
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Oppermann, Kai and Brummer, Klaus
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- 2019
28. Chapter 1: Introduction: foreign policy as public policy.
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Brummer, Klaus, Harnisch, Sebastian, Oppermann, Kai, and Panke, Diana
- Published
- 2019
29. Visualising state biographical narratives: A rhetorical analysis of Chinese and North Korean propaganda photographs.
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Hellmann, Olli and Oppermann, Kai
- Abstract
Biographical narratives generate a continuous sense of political community across the state’s past, present and future, and provide the state with ontological security. Building on growing International Relations scholarship that highlights the power of visuals in shaping global politics, our article proposes
visual rhetorical analysis as a tool to interrogate how governments employ images to tell their biographical narratives. The rhetorical approach transcends the methodological divide in the current ‘visual turn’ literature between the cognitive psychological and poststructuralist perspectives. We illustrate the analytical value of the rhetorical approach through an empirical study of how the totalitarian regimes of China and North Korea communicate their biographical narratives – the ‘rightful great power’ narrative and the ‘family state’ narrative, respectively – through propaganda imagery of their leaders. To this end, we develop a close semiotic reading of selected photographs of Xi Jinping and Kim Jong-un in different narrative settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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30. 'Once upon a time …' fiascos as narratives in foreign policy
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Oppermann, Kai and Spencer, Alexander
- Subjects
JZ - Abstract
Despite the agreement among many scholars that fiascos in foreign policy are not objectively observable facts but that they lie in the eye of the beholder or in other words are discursively constructed, there is very little use of discourse analytical methods when investigating such “fiascos”. This contribution therefore illustrates a method of narrative analysis and demonstrations how foreign policy fiascos are discursively constructed in the media. Based on insights from Literary Studies and Narratology it shows that stories about Mistakes consist of three fundamental elements: the setting of the story which guides appropriate behavior, the characterization of the actors involved as well as the emplotment of the event as a “fiasco” and the attribution of cause and blame.
- Published
- 2016
31. The ontological security of special relationships: the case of Germany's relations with Israel.
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai and Hansel, Mischa
- Published
- 2019
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32. Narrating success and failure: Congressional debates on the ‘Iran nuclear deal’.
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Oppermann, Kai and Spencer, Alexander
- Subjects
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NUCLEAR weapons , *INTERNATIONAL relations policy , *MILITARY relations ,JOINT Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015) ,IRAN-United States relations - Abstract
This article applies a method of narrative analysis to investigate the discursive contestation over the ‘Iran nuclear deal’ in the US. Specifically, it explores the struggle in the US Congress between narratives constituting the deal as a US foreign policy success or failure. The article argues that foreign policy successes and failures are socially constructed through narratives and suggests how narrative analysis as a discourse-analytical method can be employed to trace discursive contests about such constructions. Based on insights from literary studies and narratology, it shows that stories of failures and successes follow similar structures and include a number of key elements, including: a particular setting; a negative/positive characterization of individual and collective decision-makers; and an emplotment of success or failure through the attribution of credit/blame and responsibility. The article foregrounds the importance of how stories are told as an explanation for the dominance or marginality of narratives in political discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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33. introduction: coalition politics and foreign policy.
- Author
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oppermann, kai, kaarbo, juliet, and brummer, klaus
- Subjects
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COALITION governments , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *COMPARATIVE government - Abstract
Multi-party coalitions are an increasingly common type of government across different political regimes and world regions. Since they are the locus of national foreign-policy-making, the dynamics of coalition government have significant implications for International Relations. Despite this growing significance, the foreign-policy-making of coalition governments is only partly understood. This symposium advances the study of coalition foreign policy in three closely related ways. First, it brings together in one place the state of the art in research on coalition foreign policy. Second, the symposium pushes the boundaries of our knowledge on four dimensions that are key to a comprehensive research agenda on coalition foreign policy: the foreign-policy outputs of multi-party coalitions; the process of foreign-policy-making in different types of coalitions; coalition foreign policy in the 'Global South'; and coalition dynamics in non-democratic settings. Finally, the symposium puts forward promising avenues for further research by emphasising, for instance, the value of theory-guided comparative research that employs multi-method strategies and transcends the space of Western European parliamentary democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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34. coalition governance and foreign policy decision-making.
- Author
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oppermann, kai, brummer, klaus, and willigen, niels
- Subjects
- *
COALITION governments , *DECISION making in international relations - Abstract
This article explores processes of coalition governance in foreign policy. Specifically, it argues that such processes are shaped by two interrelated dimensions of coalition set-up: first, the allocation of the foreign ministry to the senior or a junior coalition partner and, second, the degree of policy discretion which is delegated to that ministry. Bringing these two dimensions together, the article distinguishes four types of coalition arrangement for the making of foreign policy, which are expected to have predictable implications for the process of foreign policy-making and, ultimately, for the foreign policy outputs of multi-party coalitions and their quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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35. The Media Salience of Germany's Bilateral Relations to the United States, France and Britain.
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai and Viehrig, Henrike
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *COLD War, 1945-1991 , *FINANCIAL crises , *ECONOMICS , *MANAGEMENT ,GERMANY-Great Britain relations ,GERMANY-United States relations - Abstract
This article provides a comparative analysis of the salience of Germany's bilateral relations to the United States, France and Britain in the German media since the end of the cold war. It offers a media content frequency analysis which identifies long-term similarities and differences in media reporting across the three relationships as well as short-term upswings of media interest in each of them individually. This is relevant because the media salience of bilateral relations is a measure of their underpinnings in public discourse and speaks to the significance of domestic drivers in conducting such relationships. The article finds that media reporting on Germany's three bilateral relations under study has significantly increased in the post-9/11 period and that US–German and Franco–German relations attract far more attention in the German media than Anglo–German relations. Short-term upswings in media coverage are triggered by specific types of events, in particular crises in European integration and international military missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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36. Studying fiascos: bringing public and foreign policy together.
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai and Spencer, Alexander
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations policy , *NATIONAL security - Abstract
The article discusses public and foreign policy failures of Europe with specific reference to government decision making and national security compromise.
- Published
- 2016
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37. Telling stories of failure: narrative constructions of foreign policy fiascos.
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai and Spencer, Alexander
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *NATIONAL security , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The contribution introduces narrative analysis as a discourse analytical method for investigating the social construction of foreign policy fiascos. Based on insights from literary studies and narratology it shows that stories of failure include a number of key elements, including a particular setting which defines appropriate behaviour; the negative characterization of agents; as well as an emplotment of the ‘fiasco’ through the attribution of cause and responsibility. The contribution illustrates this method through a narrative analysis of German media reporting on Germany's abstention in the United Nations Security Council vote on Resolution 1973 in March 2011 regarding the military intervention in Libya. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Patterns of Junior Partner Influence on the Foreign Policy of Coalition Governments.
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai and Brummer, Klaus
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL relations research , *COALITION governments , *GOVERNMENT policy , *INTERNATIONALISM , *PRACTICAL politics - Abstract
Research Highlights and Abstract The main contribution of this article is that it: Introduces a distinction between different pathways for junior partner influence on the foreign policy of coalition governments;, Provides nuanced insights into the effects of coalition government on foreign policy as well as on the causal mechanisms behind these effects;, Contributes to the 'unpacking' of coalitions and the analysis of coalition governance more generally;, Features a comparative analysis of the current coalition governments in the United Kingdom and Germany., This article contributes to research on the foreign policy influence of junior partners in coalition governments. In particular, it takes up the call to pay greater attention to different patterns and pathways of such influence. To this purpose, this article distinguishes two types of coalition set-ups for foreign policy making. In the first type, junior partners hold one or more departments in the foreign policy executive, and their foreign policy influence rests on the powers that controlling ministries in the field brings. In the second type, junior partners do not hold any department in foreign affairs, and their influence comes from their ability to constrain the discretion of the senior partner in foreign policy. The article exemplifies its theoretical contentions in comparative case studies on the current coalition governments in Germany and the UK, which represent the first and second type respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Patterns of junior partner influence on the foreign policy of coalition governments
- Author
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Oppermann, Kai and Brummer, Klaus
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Coalition governments ,Foreign policy ,Business, international - Abstract
The British Journal of Politics & International Relations Volume 16, Issue 4, pages 555-571, November 2014 Abstract The main contribution of this article is that it: * Introduces a distinction [...]
- Published
- 2015
40. Policy diffusion and transfer meet foreign policy
- Author
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Mattelaer, Alexander, Biedenkopf, Katja, Brummer, Klaus, Harnisch, Sebastian, Oppermann, Kai, Panke, Diana, Political Science, and Institute for European Studies
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policy diffusion ,Military doctrine - Published
- 2019
41. From Guilt to Responsibility and Beyond? : Change in German Strategic Culture after the End of the Cold War
- Author
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Seppo, Antti, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economic and Political Studies, Helsingin yliopisto, valtiotieteellinen tiedekunta, politiikan ja talouden tutkimuksen laitos, Helsingfors universitet, statsvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för politik och ekonomi, Oppermann, Kai, and Forsberg, Tuomas
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international relations - Abstract
This study focuses on aspects of change in German strategic culture, i.e. on the changes in ways of thinking about and pursuing security and defence policy and the views on the questions of peace, war and the use of military force, in particular after the end of the Cold War. The overarching aim of the study is to provide a novel reading on German strategic culture, and this has been done by shifting the focus of research on strategic culture from the study of continuity to the study of change. This enables us to tell better stories about strategic cultures both in terms of how internal and external challenges leading to questions about the continuity of strategic cultural patterns and how strategic culture is shaped by the social and political reality of the strategic actors. The first main contribution of the study is to question the mantra of continuity that has been the primary object of study in the existing strategic culture research. This mantra has ultimately led to a rather stale and static state of affairs in terms of the contributions that strategic culture research is able to make in the field of International Relations. Instead, the study argues for a research agenda that identifies the nature, mechanisms and outcomes of strategic cultural change. The study achieves this by critically assessing the existing accounts of strategic cultural change and creating an analytical framework that stresses both the processes and outcomes of strategic cultural change. This framework is informed by critical realist metatheory since it enables us to move ahead of the epistemological impasse of the existing studies by focusing on the ontological aspects of strategic culture. This framework identifies the experience of warfare as the primary mechanism of change in strategic cultures. The second key contribution of the study is to apply this analytical framework in the study of German strategic culture. The empirical case studies cover the German strategic cultural track record since the end of World War II, with a clear focus on the developments after the end of the Cold War. These case studies show, firstly, how shifts within the normative structure of German strategic culture have shaped German views on the use of military force, and, subsequently, how they led to shifts and changes in German strategic practices. Secondly, the case studies underline the role of external shocks (e.g. the massacre at Srebrenica) in triggering change within German strategic culture. Thirdly, the case studies also provide a basis for a critique of some of the more widely accepted claims regarding German security and defence policy, such as the notion of normalisation or Sonderweg (special path). Finally, the analysis also suggests that counterfactual argumentation can be a useful analytical tool in assessing the importance of some of these developments in the evolution of German strategic culture. The third primary contribution of the study is a critical assessment of the process of coming to terms with the German past and how this affects German strategic culture. The study stresses the importance of socio-cognitive factors in the evolution of strategic cultures and identifies the shift from guilt to responsibility as one of the key changes in post-Cold War German strategic culture. Furthermore, the study recognizes the continuing impact and relevance of the German past on the further development of German strategic culture, even though the focus of the German debate has partly shifted from whether Germany can use military force to a discussion on the means and ends of the use of military force. From Guilt to Responsibility and Beyond? käsittelee muutoksen teemaa Saksan strategisessa kulttuurissa kylmän sodan jälkeen. Tutkimus kattaa Saksan strategisen kulttuurin kehitysvaiheet aina toisen maailmansodan päättymisestä nykyisiin konflikteihin Euroopassa ja Lähi-Idässä. Tutkimus tarjoaa uuden näkökulman strategisen kulttuurin muutoksen tutkimiseen kyseenalaistamalla strategisen kulttuurin tutkimuksessa yleisesti hyväksytyn ajatuksen kulttuurin jatkuvuudesta. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa viritetään uudenlainen analyyttinen viitekehys strategisen kulttuurin tutkimiseen. Tämä kehys pohjautuu teoreettisen näkökulman fokusoimiseen kriittisen realismin painottamiin ontologisiin kysymyksiin epistemologisten kysymysten sijaan. Ehdotettu analyyttinen viitekehys painottaa sitä, että strategisen kulttuurin muutosta on tutkittava sekä poliittisten lopputulemien että yhteiskunnallisten ja poliittisten prosessien kautta. Siten varmistutaan siitä, että strategisen kulttuurin tutkiminen ei palvele ainoastaan teoreettisia lähtökohtia vaan pyrkii ottamaan huomioon myös yhteiskunnallisen todellisuuden moninaisuuden ja sen ilmentymät. Tutkimuksesta nouseva pääargumentti on se, että strategisen kulttuurin tutkimuksessa pitää kiinnittää huomiota ideationaalisen/normatiivisen rakenteen ohella sekä strategisen kulttuurin syvärakenteeseen, eli niihin sosio-kognitiviisiin prosesseihin, jotka ovat osa strategisen kulttuurin perustaa, että strategisen kulttuurin käytäntöihin, jotka ilmenevät esimerkiksi strategisen toiminnan institutionalisoituneina muotoina. Tutkimus tarjoaa uuden Saksan strategisen kulttuurin muutosta selittävän mallin, joka pohjautuu muutoksen ensisijaisen kausaalisen mekanismin korostamiseen. Tämä mekanismi on 'sodan kokemus', jota ei kuitenkaan voi redusoida uuspositivistiseen ajatukseen kokemuksesta. Tutkimuksessa esitetäänkin, että tämä kokemus on havaittavissa nimenomaan sosio-kognitiviisen tason muutoksina. Saksan strategisen kulttuurin tapauksessa tämä on usein tarkoittanut muutosta menneisyydestä kumpuavasta syyllisyyden tunteesta vastuuseen nykyisyydestä ja tulevaisuudesta.
- Published
- 2017
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