49 results on '"Solari, Lorenzo"'
Search Results
2. Sentinel-1-based monitoring services at regional scale in Italy: State of the art and main findings
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Confuorto, Pierluigi, Del Soldato, Matteo, Solari, Lorenzo, Festa, Davide, Bianchini, Silvia, Raspini, Federico, and Casagli, Nicola
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- 2021
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3. Numerical modelling of land subsidence related to groundwater withdrawal in the Firenze-Prato-Pistoia basin (central Italy)
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Ceccatelli, Mattia, Del Soldato, Matteo, Solari, Lorenzo, Fanti, Riccardo, Mannori, Gaddo, and Castelli, Fabio
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- 2021
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4. Satellite interferometric data for landslide intensity evaluation in mountainous regions
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Solari, Lorenzo, Bianchini, Silvia, Franceschini, Rachele, Barra, Anna, Monserrat, Oriol, Thuegaz, Patrick, Bertolo, Davide, Crosetto, Michele, and Catani, Filippo
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- 2020
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5. Evaluation of subsidence induced by long-lasting buildings load using InSAR technique and geotechnical data: The case study of a Freight Terminal (Tuscany, Italy)
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Ciampalini, Andrea, Solari, Lorenzo, Giannecchini, Roberto, Galanti, Yuri, and Moretti, Sandro
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- 2019
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6. Persistent Scatterers continuous streaming for landslide monitoring and mapping: the case of the Tuscany region (Italy)
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Raspini, Federico, Bianchini, Silvia, Ciampalini, Andrea, Del Soldato, Matteo, Montalti, Roberto, Solari, Lorenzo, Tofani, Veronica, and Casagli, Nicola
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- 2019
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7. Rockfall forecasting and risk management along a major transportation corridor in the Alps through ground-based radar interferometry
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Carlà, Tommaso, Nolesini, Teresa, Solari, Lorenzo, Rivolta, Carlo, Dei Cas, Luca, and Casagli, Nicola
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- 2019
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8. Tracking morphological changes and slope instability using spaceborne and ground-based SAR data
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Di Traglia, Federico, Nolesini, Teresa, Ciampalini, Andrea, Solari, Lorenzo, Frodella, William, Bellotti, Fernando, Fumagalli, Alfio, De Rosa, Giuseppe, and Casagli, Nicola
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- 2018
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9. Satellite radar data for back-analyzing a landslide event: the Ponzano (Central Italy) case study
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Solari, Lorenzo, Raspini, Federico, Del Soldato, Matteo, Bianchini, Silvia, Ciampalini, Andrea, Ferrigno, Federica, Tucci, Stefano, and Casagli, Nicola
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- 2018
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10. Copernicus pan European high-resolution snow & ice products in support to water resources monitoring
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Tanış, Cemal Melih, Marti, Florence, Dorandeu, Joël, Luojus, Kari, Nagler, Thomas, Schwaizer, Gabriele, Gascoin, Simon, Hagolle, Olivier, Dumont, Marie, Karbou, Fatima, Przystawska, Joanna, Solari, Lorenzo, Mattiuzzi, Matteo, Dupuis, Aurore, and Picot, Nicolas
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While Europe is impacted by more frequent extreme hydrological events such as severe droughts or devastating floods, monitoring water resources is a growing challenge. Since July 2020, under European Environment Agency (EEA) delegation, the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) operationally produces and disseminates Pan-European High-Resolution Snow & Ice products (HR-S&I) in near-real time. These products are generated over Europe (EEA38 and the United Kingdom). They benefit from high spatial resolution (20 m x 20 m and 60 m x 60 m) as they are derived from Sentinel-2 constellation optical data and Sentinel-1 constellation radar data.There are multiple snow cover products in the portfolio. The Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) product is generated from Sentinel-2 observations and provides for each pixel the snow cover fraction (0% – 100%). The daily cumulative Gap-filled Fractional Snow Cover (GFSC) is an aggregated daily snow cover map based on the FSC and is enriched with classifications from the radar data. In mountain areas, radar data allow the detection of the wet snow extent during melting conditions - the SAR wet snow (SWS) product - independent of any cloud cover affecting the optical satellite data.This Copernicus service component is based on pre-existing algorithms which have been turned into operational conditions, based on the WEkEO DIAS European cloud infrastructure.We will present the different products with an overview of the algorithms and their validation over Europe, detail the data access and give insights of applications for hydrology., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)
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- 2023
11. The Calatabiano landslide (southern Italy): preliminary GB-InSAR monitoring data and remote 3D mapping
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Lombardi, Luca, Nocentini, Massimiliano, Frodella, William, Nolesini, Teresa, Bardi, Federica, Intrieri, Emanuele, Carlà, Tommaso, Solari, Lorenzo, Dotta, Giulia, Ferrigno, Federica, and Casagli, Nicola
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- 2017
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12. The contribution of satellite SAR-derived displacement measurements in landslide risk management practices
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Raspini, Federico, Bardi, Federica, Bianchini, Silvia, Ciampalini, Andrea, Del Ventisette, Chiara, Farina, Paolo, Ferrigno, Federica, Solari, Lorenzo, and Casagli, Nicola
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- 2017
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13. ADATools: a set of tools for the analysis of terrain movement maps obtained with SAR Interferometry
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Monserrat, Oriol, Barra, Anna, Reyes-Carmona, Cristina, Bejar Pizarro, Marta, Cuevas, María, Bejar-Pizarro, Marta, Navarro, José, Tomas, Roberto, Galve, Jorge Pedro, Solari, Lorenzo, Sarro, Roberto, Mateos, Rosa Maria, Azañon, José Miguel, Herrera, Gerardo, Crippa, Bruno, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, and Ingeniería del Terreno y sus Estructuras (InTerEs)
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InSAR ,Ground displacements ,SAR Interferometry techniques ,Natural hazards ,Interferometric SAR (InSAR) ,Satellite imagery - Abstract
[EN] The SAR Interferometry techniques, Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) among them, are nowadays known as important tools for monitoring Earth surface movements. Several regional and national Ground Motion Services based on PSI already exist. Moreover, since 2022 the European Ground Motion Service will be operational and will annually provide an updated displacement map over the whole Europe. This will suppose a big amount of ground displacement measurements along the European territory. For each measurement EGMS will provide the annual velocity and the time series of deformation covering the period 2014 to one year prior to each delivery. In this context, it will be more and more necessary having tools to ease the management, analysis, and interpretation, of those wide areas and huge amount of data. We present here a first step in this direction: the ADATools are a set of tools to automatically have secondary, and more operational, products derived from a PSI map. Starting from a fast extraction of the most significant Active Deformation Areas (ADA), with the ADAFinder tool, then we can have a preliminary classification of the most probable phenomena (landslides, subsidence, settlements, or sinkholes) that is behind the detected movement, with the ADAClassifier tool. Moreover, LOS2hv tool allows to derive the horizontal (east-west) and vertical components of the movement in case we have maps of ascending and descending geometries. Finally, it is presented a product that analyzes the local displacement gradients to generate potential damage maps in urban areas. The tools will be presented thorough some results obtained on an area of the Granada County with the use of Sentinel-1 data. All the results have been achieved within the framework of the Riskcoast Project (financed by the Interreg Sudoe Program through the European Regional Development Fund, ERDF)., This work was mainly supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the project “RISKCOAST” (SOE3/P4/E0868) of the Interreg SUDOE Programme.
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- 2022
14. European Ground Motion Service (EGMS): From InSAR Processing to Product Dissemination
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Costantini, Mario, Minati, Federico, Trillo, Francesco, Ferretti, Alessandro, Novali, Fabrizio, Passera, Emanuele, Dehls, John, Larsen, Yngvar, Marinkovic, Petar, Eineder, Michael, Brcic, Ramon, Siegmund, Robert, Kotzerke, Paul, Kenyeres, Ambrus, Proietti, Sergio, Solari, Lorenzo, and Andersen, Henrik S.
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InSAR ,EGMS ,SAR interferometry - Published
- 2021
15. Badland susceptibility assessment in Volterra municipality (Tuscany, Italy) by means of GIS and statistical analysis
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Bianchini, Silvia, Del Soldato, Matteo, Solari, Lorenzo, Nolesini, Teresa, Pratesi, Fabio, and Moretti, Sandro
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- 2016
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16. Satellite DInSAR monitoring of Landslides in mountainous areas
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Barra, Anna, Monserrat, Oriol, Giordan, Daniele, Solari, Lorenzo, Cignetti, Maritina, Crosetto, Michele, Bianchini, Silvia, Catani, Filippo, and Bertolo, Davide
- Abstract
The potential of satellite-based interferometry for landslides activity definition is well known. Many applications have demonstrated that this technique represents a strong supporting tool for landslide risk assessment and monitoring, at both local and regional scale. The ESA' Sentinel-1 (S1) constellation acquires with high revisit-time in a conflict-free operational mode, timely distributing data without costs or restrictions. All these characteristics allow relying upon S1 service for a long-term operational and sustainable use, as a support of both disaster risk reduction and response. For this reason, more and more research projects are based on the use of S1 in geohazards monitoring and early warning. The aim of this work is to present the results achieved in the framework of the European Project (ECHO) U-Geohaz regarding landslides monitoring and early warning supporting tools based on S1. The study area of the project is the Valle d'Aosta region (VDA) that is widely affected by landslide process of different size and typology. Specifically, the Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DSGSDs) are the most representative in terms of area coverage. The study of the state of activity and evolution of these phenomena is very important because DSGSDs affect entire valley flanks and several villages have been built on them or nearby. The use of S1-based interferometry can potentially give a near-real time information on their activity over the whole region supporting decision makers and early warning systems. At the same time, VDA presents challenging characteristics for what concerns the radar response and thus the obtainable results. The main limiting factor is the snow coverage, which is also strongly related to the topography. The topographic relief is highly variable, ranging from 300 m a.s.l. to peaks higher than 4000 m a.s.l. with steep slopes. The regional climate is characterized by wide range of temperatures varying a lot from the mountainous zone to the bottom of the valleys, implying also a strong variation in snow precipitations. This strong variation, in space and time, affects the DInSAR results in terms of coherence and spatial coverage. In this context, a strong effort has been done to develop a processing approach to improve the spatial and temporal sampling, without losing the quality of the results. Moreover, a method that extracts the most significant Active Deformation Areas (ADA) in a semi-automatic way has been adapted and applied. The main results will be exposed.
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- 2019
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17. The U-Geohaz project: Sentinel-1 to support geohazards early warning systems and impact assessment
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Monserrat, Oriol, Barra, Anna, Herrera, Gerardo, Solari, Lorenzo, González-Alonso, Elena, Béjar-Pizarro, Marta, Bianchini, Silvia, Sarro, Roberto, Fernández-García, Anselmo, Reichenbach, Paola, Catani, Filippo, and Crosetto, Michele
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NO KEYWORDS - Abstract
A relevant change in the use of SAR interferometry for risk management and reduction has been marked by the launch of the S-1 A and S-1 B, in 2014 and 2016 respectively, which ensure a SAR acquisition every 6 days above the entire Earth and make images available few hours after the acquisition without costs and limitations. S-1 represents a reliable and low cost tool for remote monitoring at both local and national-scale, which can potentially be exploited by administrative entities and Civil Protection authorities involved in risk management activities. “U-Geohaz, Geohazard impact assessment for urban areas” is a two-year project, started the 1st of January 2018, co-funded by the European Commission, Directorate-General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO). The main aim of the project is to develop a methodology based on the SAR images acquired by Sentinel-1 (S-1) constellation to assess continuously the potential impact of geohazards on urban areas and critical infrastructures. Starting from the experience and the results obtained in the previous ECHO project SAFETY (2016-2017), the aim is to make a step forward, from periodically updated maps to a near-real time geohazards mapping and monitoring . U-Geohaz will provide tools to exploit the 6-days repeatability of S1 to support early warning systems for landslide and volcanic geohazards and to evaluate the expected damage. The consortium of U-Geohaz is composed of 18 partners, from 11 European countries, including 12 Geological Surveys and 3 Civil Protection Authorities that will support the implementation of tools to be operationally useful in risk management. The use of all the developed products will be implemented in the activities of the Civil Protection Authorities involved in the project. All the implemented procedure and tools are tested and will be demonstrated on the real test scenarios of Canary Island (Gran Canaria, Tenerife and El Hierro islands, Spain) and Valle d’Aosta (Italy). The main results achieved over the two test-sites and the future steps of the project will be presented and discussed., NO ACK.
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- 2019
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18. PROCEDURE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING OF GROUND DEFORMATIONS THROUGH SATELLITE DATA IN UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES
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Pastonchi, Laura, Barra, Anna, Monserrat, Oriol, Luzi, Guido, Solari, Lorenzo, and Tofani, Verónica
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Nowadays, ensuring the safeguard of natural, cultural and mixed UNESCO sites is increasingly difficult, due to not only ravages of time or anthropic actions but also to natural events. Even though it is widely recognized that UNESCO World Heritage Sites are threatened by geological risks, the level of attention placed on geohazards appears to be poor, especially if compared with the others potential threatening factors, such as wars, uncontrolled urban development or arsons. Promoting the detection and monitoring of geohazards should become a common practice, in order to preserve the Outstanding Universal Value of UNESCO properties over time. This study, therefore, shows a new satellite data analysis procedure to identify, in a fast, simple and repeatable way, the temporal and spatial evolution of the most critical and reliable ground deformation areas related to slow-kinematic geohazards (volcanic activity, slow-moving landslides or ground-subsidence). This approach has been tested in the Tuscan UNESCO sites (Central Italy). Thanks to the main characteristics of the recent Sentinel-1 data (short revisit time, systematic and free availability for all data users and worldwide coverage), this procedure can be easily exploited by the local risk management decision makers of each World Heritage Site, in order to define long-term geohazards monitoring activities and conservation strategies., NO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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- 2018
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19. THE SAFETY PROJECT: SENTINEL-1 FOR THE GEOLOGICAL RISKS MANAGEMENT
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Barra, Anna, Monserrat, Oriol, Solari, Lorenzo, Herrera, Gerardo, López, Carmen, Onori, Roberta, Reichenbach, Paola, González-Alonso, Elena, Mateos, Rosa María, Bianchini, Silvia, and Crosetto, Michele
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Risk ,InSAR ,Monitoring ,Sentinel-1 ,Civil Protection ,PSI ,Geohazard ,Safety - Abstract
SAFETY (Sentinel-1 for geohazards regional monitoring and forecasting - safety.cttc.es) is a two-years research project funded under the ECHO (European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations) call “Prevention and preparedness projects in Civil Protection and marine pollution”, which started the 1st of January 2016. The mission of the project was to improve the efforts in detecting and mapping geohazards (i.e. landslide, volcanic and subsidence), by assessing their activity and evaluating their impact on built-up areas and infrastructure networks through space-borne radar data. This goal has been achieved through the use of Sentinel-1 DInSAR (Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) derived products and the development of software tools. The most challenging part concerned the semi-automatic generation of derived maps to be easily interpreted and exploited in the geohazard management by the Civil Protection Authorities, which are usually not familiar with DInSAR products. This work provides an overview of the project activities, describing the developed procedure, the main outcomes, and the most significant results obtained over the two test sites of the project: the Canary Islands (Spain) and the Volterra municipality (Italy). The main goal of this work is to present the potentialities of Sentinel-1 interferometry as a regular complementary input for the regional scale risk management., Grant numbers : This work has been co-funded by the European Commission through the project Safety (Ref. ECHO/SUB/2015/718679/Prev02).
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- 2018
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20. Multi-band satellite radar data for landslide events management: an example from Central Italy
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Solari, Lorenzo, Raspini, Federico, Del Soldato, Matteo, Bianchini, Silvia, Ciampalini, Andrea, Ferrigno, Federica, and Casagli, Nicola
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landslide - Published
- 2018
21. Monitoring high geomorphologic dynamics and slope instability at Stromboli volcano
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Nolesini, Teresa, Di Traglia, Federico, Solari, Lorenzo, Ciampalini, Andrea, Frodella, William, and Casagli, Nicola
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Stromboli volcano - Published
- 2018
22. Identifying submarine slope instability from lava delta deformation: the COSMO-SKYMED and SENTINEL-1 contribution
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DI TRAGLIA, Federico, Teresa, Nolesini, Solari, Lorenzo, Ciampalini, Andrea, William, Frodella, Allotta, Benedetto, Andrea, Rindi, Lorenzo, Marini, Niccolò, Monni, Emanuele, Galardi, and Nicola, Casagli
- Published
- 2018
23. Geotechnics for rockfall assessment in the volcanic island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain).
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Sarro, Roberto, María Mateos, Rosa, Reichenbach, Paola, Aguilera, Héctor, Riquelme, Adrián, Hernández-Gutiérrez, Luis Enrique, Martín, Alejandro, Barra, Anna, Solari, Lorenzo, Monserrat, Oriol, Alvioli, Massimiliano, Fernández-Merodo, José Antonio, López-Vinielles, Juan, and Herrera, Gerardo
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ROCKFALL ,GEOTECHNICAL engineering ,GEOLOGICAL maps ,VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc. ,ISLANDS ,MASS-wasting (Geology) ,GEOLOGICAL surveys - Abstract
The island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) is characterized by a large variability of volcanic rocks reflecting its volcanic evolution. The geological map provided by Geological Survey of Spain at 1:25.000 scale shows more than 109 different lithologies and it is too complex for environmental and engineering purposes. This work presents a simplified geotechnical map with a small number of classes grouping up units with similar geotechnical behaviours. The lithologies were grouped using about 350 rock samples, collected in the seven major islands of the Archipelago. The geotechnical map was used to model rockfall hazard in the entire island of Gran Canaria, where rockfalls are an important threat. The rockfall map was validated with 128 rockfall events along the GC-200 road, located in the NW sector of Gran Canaria. About 96% of the events occurred along sections of the road where the number of expected trajectories is high or moderate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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24. The Safety project: Sentinel-1 for Civil Protection geohazars management
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Monserrat, Oriol, Herrera, Gerardo, Bianchini, Silvia, González-Alonso, Elena, Onori, Roberta, Reichenbach, Paola, Carralero, Innocente P., Barra, Anna, Mateos, Rosa María, Solari, Lorenzo, Ligüérzana, Sergio, Pagliara, Paola, Ardizzone, Francesca, Sarro, Roberto, Crosetto, Michele, Béjar-Pizarro, Marta, Moretti, Sandro, López, Carmen, García-Cañada, Laura, and Benito-Saz, María Á.
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Safety project ,DInSAR - Abstract
This work is aimed at presenting the ongoing project SAFETY (Sentinel for Geohazards regional monitoring and forecasting). The use of Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) in Natural Risks management is becoming more and more exploitable thanks to the experienced growth of the techniques. On one hand, since the DInSAR technique was proposed for the first time (1989) a wide number of data processing, analysis tools and methods have been developed, on the other hand the satellite data availability has increased and provides sensors with different characteristics of sensitivity and spatial and temporal resolutions. Nowadays, DInSAR allows to have a systematic overview about the spatio-temporal activity of a natural deformation phenomena, which is an important information for the risk management in terms of prevention, emergency response and post-emergency intervention. Specifically, Sentinel-1 (A and B) satellites data show two favourable characteristics: the wide covered area and the short revisit time (6 days). The last one, if compared with the other C band available sensors, results in a reduced temporal decorrelation, particularly in non-urbanized areas, in more robust processing results (due to the higher number of images) and in an higher temporal sampling i.e. a better monitoring and activity characterization. In this context, the European project SAFETY is focused on developing tools and implementing a methodology in order to better exploit Sentinel-1 data in the Civil Protection activities of natural risks prevention. The project is aimed at providing Civil Protection Authorities (CPA) with the capability of periodically evaluating and assessing the potential impact of geohazards (volcanic activity, earthquakes, landslides and subsidence) on urban areas. The first results over the two test-areas in Spain and Italy (respectively Canary Islands and Volterra Municipality) will be presented., Grant numbers : SAFETY project.
- Published
- 2017
25. A Sentinel-1-based clustering analysis for geo-hazards mitigation at regional scale: a case study in Central Italy.
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Montalti, Roberto, Solari, Lorenzo, Bianchini, Silvia, Del Soldato, Matteo, Raspini, Federico, and Casagli, Nicola
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ATMOSPHERIC effects on remote sensing , *EARTH currents , *ROCK deformation , *GENETIC algorithms , *GEOLOGICAL mapping , *GEOLOGY databases - Abstract
In the last decade satellite remote sensing has become an effective tool for monitoring geo-hazard-induced ground motions, and has been increasingly used by the scientific community. Direct and indirect costs due to geo-hazards are currently rising, causing serious socio-economics and casualty losses. Therefore, creating a priority list turns out to be essential to highlight the most relevant ground deformations and to better focus risk management practices at regional scale. The Sentinel-1 constellation, thanks to the 6-days repeatability and the free availability of the data, allows to easily update the geo-hazard-induced ground motions, compared to other kind of satellite sensors. In this work, a hot-spot-like method is presented by filtering a large stack of Sentinel-1 images processed by means of the SqueeSAR algorithm. Three periods, with six months repetitiveness, have been analysed in order to evaluate the behaviour and evolution of deformation clusters. The target area is Tuscany Region, located in the central part of Italy and affected by a wide gamma of geohazards, ranging from landslides to large subsidence areas. The final output is a geo-database of ground motions that can be used by regional authorities to prioritize and to effectively plan local risk reduction actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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26. A Sentinel-1 based hot-spot analysis: landslide mapping in north-western Italy.
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Solari, Lorenzo, Del Soldato, Matteo, Montalti, Roberto, Bianchini, Silvia, Raspini, Federico, Tofani, Veronica, Casagli, Nicola, Thuegaz, Patrick, and Bertolo, Davide
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SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *ALPINE regions , *LANDSLIDES , *LAND cover , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
The 6-days repeatability of Sentinel-1 constellation allows building up an interferometric stack with unprecedented velocity. Easily updatable hot-spot analyses, frequently repeated following the update of Sentinel-1 images, represent very useful tools for MTInSAR (Multi-Temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) data analysis. Mountain regions are a challenging environment for interferometric analyses because of their climatic, morphological and land cover characteristics. In this context, MTInSAR data can retrieve reliable information over wide areas, with high cost-benefits ratio and where the installation of ground-based devices is not feasible. Considering the well-known limitations of interferometric techniques (such as fast motions or temporal and spatial decorrelation), hot-spot analyses are a viable solution for semi-automatic ground movements extraction over mountain regions. In this work, we present an example of a hot-spot analysis applied to a large stack of MTInSAR products generated by means of SqueeSAR technique over an alpine region (Valle d'Aosta, north-western Italy). The obtained outputs allow detecting 277 moving areas connected to landslides and mass wasting processes in general. These products are intended to be implemented in the landslide risk management chain of the region, focusing on landslide state of activity definition and landslide mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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27. Fast detection of ground motions on vulnerable elements using Sentinel-1 InSAR data.
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Solari, Lorenzo, Barra, Anna, Herrera, Gerardo, Bianchini, Silvia, Monserrat, Oriol, Béjar-Pizarro, Marta, Crosetto, Michele, Sarro, Roberto, and Moretti, Sandro
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SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *RISK assessment , *METHODOLOGY , *REMOTE sensing by radar , *EARTH sciences - Abstract
The detection of active movements that could threat the infrastructures and the population is one of the main priorities of the risk management chain. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques represent one of the most useful answers to this task; however, it is difficult to manage the huge amount of information derived from the interferometric analysis. In this work, we present a procedure for deriving impact assessment maps, over a regional test site, using as starting point Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images and a catalogue of elements at risk that acts as a second input of the methodology. We applied the proposed approach, named as Vulnerable Elements Activity Maps (VEAM), to the islands of Gran Canaria, La Gomera and Tenerife (Spain), where we analysed SAR images covering the time interval November 2014-September 2016. The methodology, meant to be a powerful tool for reducing the time needed for a complete analysis of a full stack of InSAR data, is ideally suited for Civil Protection Authorities. The application of the methodology allowed to detect 108 areas affected by active deformation that are threatening one or more elements at risk in 25 municipalities of the three islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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28. A GIS-Based Procedure for Landslide Intensity Evaluation and Specific Risk Analysis Supported by Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI).
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Bianchini, Silvia, Solari, Lorenzo, and Casagli, Nicola
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LANDSLIDES , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *RISK assessment , *INTERFEROMETRY , *REMOTE sensing , *ARTIFICIAL satellites - Abstract
The evaluation of landslide specific risk, defined as the expected degree of loss due to landslides, requires the parameterization and the combination of a number of socio-economic and geological factors, which often needs the interaction of different skills and expertise (geologists, engineers, planners, administrators, etc.). The specific risk sub-components, i.e., hazard and vulnerability of elements at risk, can be determined with different levels of detail depending on the available auxiliary data and knowledge of the territory. These risk factors are subject to short-term variations and nowadays turn out to be easily mappable and evaluable through remotely sensed data and GIS (Geographic Information System) tools. In this work, we propose a qualitative approach at municipal scale for producing a "specific risk" map, supported by recent satellite PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) data derived from SENTINEL-1 C-band images in the spanning time 2014-2017, implemented in a GIS environment. In particular, PSI measurements are useful for the updating of a landslide inventory map of the area of interest and are exploited for the zonation map of the intensity of ground movements, needed for evaluating the vulnerability over the study area. Our procedure is presented throughout the application to the Volterra basin and the output map could be useful to support the local authorities with updated basic information required for environmental knowledge and planning at municipal level. Moreover, the proposed procedure is easily managed and repeatable in other case studies, as well as exploiting different SAR sensors in L- or X-band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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29. A Methodology to Detect and Update Active Deformation Areas Based on Sentinel-1 SAR Images.
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Barra, Anna, Solari, Lorenzo, Béjar-Pizarro, Marta, Monserrat, Oriol, Bianchini, Silvia, Herrera, Gerardo, Crosetto, Michele, Sarro, Roberto, González-Alonso, Elena, María Mateos, Rosa, Ligüerzana, Sergio, López, Carmen, and Moretti, Sandro
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SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *INTERFEROMETRY , *LANDSLIDES , *LAND subsidence ,GRAN Canaria (Canary Islands) - Abstract
This work is focused on deformation activity mapping and monitoring using Sentinel-1 (S-1) data and the DInSAR (Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) technique. The main goal is to present a procedure to periodically update and assess the geohazard activity (volcanic activity, landslides and ground-subsidence) of a given area by exploiting the wide area coverage and the high coherence and temporal sampling (revisit time up to six days) provided by the S-1 satellites. The main products of the procedure are two updatable maps: the deformation activity map and the active deformation areas map. These maps present two different levels of information aimed at different levels of geohazard risk management, from a very simplified level of information to the classical deformation map based on SAR interferometry. The methodology has been successfully applied to La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria Islands (Canary Island archipelago). The main obtained results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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30. Mapping Vulnerable Urban Areas Affected by Slow-Moving Landslides Using Sentinel-1 InSAR Data.
- Author
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Béjar-Pizarro, Marta, Notti, Davide, Mateos, Rosa M., Ezquerro, Pablo, Centolanza, Giuseppe, Herrera, Gerardo, Bru, Guadalupe, Sanabria, Margarita, Solari, Lorenzo, Duro, Javier, and Fernández, José
- Subjects
LANDSLIDES ,BUILDING failures ,DEFORMATION potential ,LINE-of-sight radio links - Abstract
Landslides are widespread natural hazards that generate considerable damage and economic losses worldwide. Detecting terrain movements caused by these phenomena and characterizing affected urban areas is critical to reduce their impact. Here we present a fast and simple methodology to create maps of vulnerable buildings affected by slow-moving landslides, based on two parameters: (1) the deformation rate associated to each building, measured from Sentinel-1 SAR data, and (2) the building damage generated by the landslide movement and recorded during a field campaign. We apply this method to Arcos de la Frontera, a monumental town in South Spain affected by a slow-moving landslide that has caused severe damage to buildings, forcing the evacuation of some of them. Our results show that maximum deformation rates of 4 cm/year in the line-of-sight (LOS) of the satellite, affects La Verbena, a newly-developed area, and displacements are mostly horizontal, as expected for a planar-landslide. Our building damage assessment reveals that most of the building blocks in La Verbena present moderate to severe damages. According to our vulnerability scale, 93% of the building blocks analysed present high vulnerability and, thus, should be the focus of more in-depth local studies to evaluate the serviceability of buildings, prior to adopting the necessary mitigation measures to reduce or cope with the negative consequences of this landslide. This methodology can be applied to slow-moving landslides worldwide thanks to the global availability of Sentinel-1 SAR data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Combined Use of C- and X-Band SAR Data for Subsidence Monitoring in an Urban Area.
- Author
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Solari, Lorenzo, Ciampalini, Andrea, Raspini, Federico, Bianchini, Silvia, Zinno, Ivana, Bonano, Manuela, Manunta, Michele, Moretti, Sandro, and Casagli, Nicola
- Subjects
- *
SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *LAND subsidence , *METROPOLITAN areas - Abstract
In this study, we present the detection and characterization of ground displacements in the urban area of Pisa (Central Italy) using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) products. Thirty RADARSAT-2 and twenty-nine COSMO-SkyMed images have been analyzed with the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm, in order to quantify the ground subsidence and its temporal evolution in the three-year time interval from 2011 to 2014. A borehole database was reclassified in stratigraphical and geotechnical homogeneous units, providing the geological background needed for the local scale analysis of the recorded displacements. Moreover, the interferometric outputs were compared with the last 30 years' urban evolution of selected parts of the city. Two deformation patterns were recorded by the InSAR data: very slow vertical movements within the defined stability threshold (-2.5 mm/yr) and areas with subsidence rates down to -5 to -7 mm/yr, associated with high peak velocities (-15 to -20 mm/yr) registered by single buildings or small groups of buildings. Some of these structures are used to demonstrate that the high subsidence rates are related to the recent urbanization, which is the trigger for the accelerated consolidation process of highly compressible layers. Finally, this urban area was a valuable test site for demonstrating the different results of the C- and X-band data processing, in terms of the density of points and the quality of the time series of deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
32. PSInSAR Analysis in the Pisa Urban Area (Italy): A Case Study of Subsidence Related to Stratigraphical Factors and Urbanization.
- Author
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Solari, Lorenzo, Ciampalini, Andrea, Raspini, Federico, Bianchini, Silvia, and Moretti, Sandro
- Subjects
- *
METROPOLITAN areas , *INTERFEROMETRY , *SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *COASTAL plains , *STRATIGRAPHIC correlation - Abstract
Permanent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) has been used to detect and characterize the subsidence of the Pisa urban area, which extends for 33 km² within the Arno coastal plain (Tuscany, Italy). Two SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) datasets, covering the time period from 1992 to 2010, were used to quantify the ground subsidence and its temporal evolution. A geotechnical borehole database was also used to make a correspondence with the detected displacements. Finally, the results of the SAR data analysis were contrasted with the urban development of the eastern part of the city in the time period from 1978 to 2013. ERS 1/2 (European Remote-Sensing Satellite) and Envisat SAR data, processed with the PSInSAR (Permanent Scatterer InSAR) algorithm, show that the investigated area is divided in two main sectors: the southwestern part, with null or very small subsidence rates (<2 mm/year), and the eastern portion which shows a general lowering with maximum deformation rates of 5 mm/year. This second area includes deformation rates higher than 15 mm/year, corresponding to small groups of buildings. The case studies in the eastern sector of the urban area have demonstrated the direct correlation between the age of construction of buildings and the registered subsidence rates, showing the importance of urbanization as an accelerating factor for the ground consolidation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. A New Set of Tools for the Generation of InSAR Visibility Maps over Wide Areas.
- Author
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Del Soldato, Matteo, Solari, Lorenzo, Novellino, Alessandro, Monserrat, Oriol, and Raspini, Federico
- Subjects
- *
SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *LAND cover , *REMOTE sensing by radar - Abstract
Multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MTInSAR) is a solid and reliable technique used to measure ground motion in many different environments. Today, the scientific community and a wide variety of users and stakeholders consider MTInSAR a precise tool for ground motion-related applications. The standard product of a MTInSAR analysis is a deformation map containing a high number of point-like measurement points (MP) which carry information on ground motion. The density of MPs is uneven, and they cannot be extracted continuously at large scale due to geometrical distortions and unfavourable landcover. It is a good practice to assess the feasibility of the interferometric analysis ahead of data processing. This technical note proposes a ready-to-use set of tools aimed at updating existing methods for modelling the effects of local topography and land cover on MTInSAR approaches. The goal of the tools is to provide InSAR experts and non-experts with a fast and automatic way to derive visibility maps, useful for pre-processing screening of a target area, and to forecast the expected density of MP over a specified area. Moreover, the visibility maps are a valid support for users to better understand the available standard and advanced interferometric results. Two workflows are proposed: the first generates the so-called Rindex map (Ri_m) to estimate the influence of topography on MP detection, the second is used to derive a land cover-calibrated Ri_m seen as a probabilistic model for MP detection (MPD_m). The proposed set of tools was applied in the context of the Alpine arc, whose climatic, morphological, and land cover characteristics represent a challenging environment for any interferometric approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Integration of Satellite Interferometric Data in Civil Protection Strategies for Landslide Studies at a Regional Scale.
- Author
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Bianchini, Silvia, Solari, Lorenzo, Bertolo, Davide, Thuegaz, Patrick, Catani, Filippo, Giacomini, Anna, and Székely, Balázs
- Subjects
- *
DATA protection , *HAZARD mitigation , *LANDSLIDES , *SCIENTIFIC community , *NATURAL disaster warning systems , *INTERFEROMETRY , *RADAR - Abstract
Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry (MTInSAR) is gradually evolving from being a tool developed by the scientific community exclusively for research purposes to a real operational technique that can meet the needs of different users involved in geohazard mitigation. This work aims at showing the innovative operational use of satellite radar interferometric products in Civil Protection Authority (CPA) practices for monitoring slow-moving landslides. We present the example of the successful ongoing monitoring system in the Valle D'Aosta Region (VAR-Northern Italy). This system exploits well-combined MTInSAR products and ground-based instruments for landslide management and mitigation strategies over the whole regional territory. Due to the critical intrinsic constraints of MTInSAR data, a robust regional satellite monitoring integrated into CPA practices requires the support of both in situ measurements and remotely sensed systems to guarantee the completeness and reliability of information. The monitoring network comprises three levels of analysis: Knowledge monitoring, Control monitoring, and Emergency monitoring. At the first monitoring level, MTInSAR data are used for the preliminary evaluation of the deformation scenario at a regional scale. At the second monitoring level, MTInSAR products support the prompt detection of trend variations of radar benchmarks displacements with bi-weekly temporal frequency to identify active critical situations where follow-up studies must be carried out. In the third monitoring level, MTInSAR data integrated with ground-based data are exploited to confirm active slow-moving deformations detected by on-site instruments. At this level, MTInSAR data are also used to carry out back analysis that cannot be performed by any other tool. From the example of the Valle D'Aosta Region integrated monitoring network, which is one of the few examples of this kind around Europe, it is evident that MTInSAR provides a great opportunity to improve monitoring capabilities within CPA activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Root Reinforcement in Slope Stability Models: A Review.
- Author
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Masi, Elena Benedetta, Segoni, Samuele, Tofani, Veronica, Soldato, Matteo Del, Novellino, Alessandro, Solari, Lorenzo, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus
- Subjects
SLOPE stability ,SOIL moisture ,WILDFIRE prevention ,FOREST management ,PLANT species - Abstract
The influence of vegetation on mechanical and hydrological soil behavior represents a significant factor to be considered in shallow landslides modelling. Among the multiple effects exerted by vegetation, root reinforcement is widely recognized as one of the most relevant for slope stability. Lately, the literature has been greatly enriched by novel research on this phenomenon. To investigate which aspects have been most treated, which results have been obtained and which aspects require further attention, we reviewed papers published during the period of 2015–2020 dealing with root reinforcement. This paper—after introducing main effects of vegetation on slope stability, recalling studies of reference—provides a synthesis of the main contributions to the subtopics: (i) approaches for estimating root reinforcement distribution at a regional scale; (ii) new slope stability models, including root reinforcement and (iii) the influence of particular plant species, forest management, forest structure, wildfires and soil moisture gradient on root reinforcement. Including root reinforcement in slope stability analysis has resulted a topic receiving growing attention, particularly in Europe; in addition, research interests are also emerging in Asia. Despite recent advances, including root reinforcement into regional models still represents a research challenge, because of its high spatial and temporal variability: only a few applications are reported about areas of hundreds of square kilometers. The most promising and necessary future research directions include the study of soil moisture gradient and wildfire controls on the root strength, as these aspects have not been fully integrated into slope stability modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Monitoring of Land Subsidence in the Po River Delta (Northern Italy) Using Geodetic Networks.
- Author
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Cenni, Nicola, Fiaschi, Simone, Fabris, Massimo, and Solari, Lorenzo
- Subjects
LAND subsidence ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,BEACH ridges ,GEODETIC observations - Abstract
The Po River Delta (PRD, Northern Italy) has been historically affected by land subsidence due to natural processes and human activities, with strong impacts on the stability of the natural ecosystems and significant socio-economic consequences. This paper is aimed to highlight the spatial and temporal evolution of the land subsidence in the PRD area analyzing the geodetic observations acquired in the last decade. The analysis performed using a moving window approach on Continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (CGNSS) time-series indicates that the velocities, in the order of 6 mm/year, are not affected by significant changes in the analyzed period. Furthermore, the use of non-permanent sites belonging to a new GNSS network (measured in 2016 and 2018) integrated with InSAR data (from 2014 to 2017) allowed us to improve the spatial coverage of data points in the PRD area. The results suggest that the land subsidence velocities in the easternmost part of the area of interest are characterized by values greater than the ones located in the western sectors. In particular, the sites located on the sandy beach ridge in the western sector of the study area are characterized by values greater than −5 mm/year, while rates of about −10 mm/year or lower have been observed at the eastern sites located in the Po river mouths. The morphological analysis indicates that the land subsidence observed in the PRD area is mainly due to the compaction of the shallow layers characterized by organic-rich clay and fresh-water peat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Sentinel-1 Big Data Processing with P-SBAS InSAR in the Geohazards Exploitation Platform: An Experiment on Coastal Land Subsidence and Landslides in Italy.
- Author
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Cigna, Francesca, Tapete, Deodato, Koch, Magaly, and Solari, Lorenzo
- Subjects
LAND subsidence ,BIG data ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,SYNTHETIC aperture radar ,LANDSLIDE hazard analysis ,LANDSLIDES ,LAND cover - Abstract
The growing volume of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery acquired by satellite constellations creates novel opportunities and opens new challenges for interferometric SAR (InSAR) applications to observe Earth's surface processes and geohazards. In this paper, the Parallel Small BAseline Subset (P-SBAS) advanced InSAR processing chain running on the Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP) is trialed to process two unprecedentedly big stacks of Copernicus Sentinel-1 C-band SAR images acquired in 2014–2020 over a coastal study area in southern Italy, including 296 and 283 scenes in ascending and descending mode, respectively. Each stack was processed in the GEP in less than 3 days, from input SAR data retrieval via repositories, up to generation of the output P-SBAS datasets of coherent targets and their displacement histories. Use-cases of long-term monitoring of land subsidence at the Capo Colonna promontory (up −2.3 cm/year vertical and −1.0 cm/year east–west rate), slow-moving landslides and erosion landforms, and deformation at modern coastal protection infrastructure in the city of Crotone are used to: (i) showcase the type and precision of deformation products outputting from P-SBAS processing of big data, and the derivable key information to support value-adding and geological interpretation; and (ii) discuss potential and challenges of big data processing using cloud/grid infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry for Fast-Motion Detection: An Application to Salt Solution Mining.
- Author
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Solari, Lorenzo, Montalti, Roberto, Barra, Anna, Monserrat, Oriol, Bianchini, Silvia, and Crosetto, Michele
- Subjects
- *
SOLUTION (Chemistry) , *SALT mining , *INTERFEROMETRY , *MOTION , *LONGWALL mining , *TIME series analysis , *OZONE layer - Abstract
Underground mining is one of the human activities with the highest impact in terms of induced ground motion. The excavation of the mining levels creates pillars, rooms and cavities that can evolve in chimney collapses and sinkholes. This is a major threat where the mining activity is carried out in an urban context. Thus, there is a clear need for tools and instruments able to precisely quantify mining-induced deformation. Topographic measurements certainly offer very high spatial accuracy and temporal repeatability, but they lack in spatial distribution of measurement points. In the past decades, Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry (MTInSAR) has become one of the most reliable techniques for monitoring ground motion, including mining-induced deformation. Although with well-known limitations when high deformation rates and frequently changing land surfaces are involved, MTInSAR has been exploited to evaluate the surface motion in several mining area worldwide. In this paper, a detailed scale MTInSAR approach was designed to characterize ground deformation in the salt solution mining area of Saline di Volterra (Tuscany Region, central Italy). This mining activity has a relevant environmental impact, depleting the water resource and inducing ground motion; sinkholes are a common consequence. The MTInSAR processing approach is based on the direct integration of interferograms derived from Sentinel-1 images and on the phase splitting between low (LF) and high (HF) frequency components. Phase unwrapping is performed for the LF and HF components on a set of points selected through a "triplets closure" method. The final deformation map is derived by combining again the components to avoid error accumulation and by applying a classical atmospheric phase filtering to remove the remaining low frequency signal. The results obtained reveal the presence of several subsidence bowls, sometimes corresponding to sinkholes formed in the recent past. Very high deformation rates, up to −250 mm/yr, and time series with clear trend changes are registered. In addition, the spatial and temporal distribution of velocities and time series is analyzed, with a focus on the correlation with sinkhole occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Evolution of Wide-Area DInSAR: From Regional and National Services to the European Ground Motion Service.
- Author
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Crosetto, Michele, Solari, Lorenzo, Mróz, Marek, Balasis-Levinsen, Joanna, Casagli, Nicola, Frei, Michaela, Oyen, Anneleen, Moldestad, Dag Anders, Bateson, Luke, Guerrieri, Luca, Comerci, Valerio, and Andersen, Henrik Steen
- Subjects
- *
SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *MOTION - Abstract
This study is focused on wide-area deformation monitoring initiatives based on the differential interferometric SAR technique (DInSAR). In particular, it addresses the use of advanced DInSAR (A-DInSAR) techniques, which are based on large sets of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Copernicus Sentinel-1 images. Such techniques have undergone a dramatic development in the last twenty years: they are now capable to process big sets of SAR images and can be exploited to realize a wide-area A-DInSAR monitoring. The study describes several initiatives to establish wide-area ground motion services (GMS), both at county- and region-level. In the second part of the study, some of the key technical aspects related to wide-area A-DInSAR monitoring are discussed. Finally, the last part of the study is devoted to the European ground motion service (EGMS), which is part of the Copernicus land monitoring service. It represents the most important wide-area A-DInSAR deformation monitoring system ever developed. The study describes its main characteristics and its main products. The end of the production of the first EGMS baseline product is foreseen for the last quarter of 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings due to Land Subsidence Using InSAR Data in the Ancient Historical City of Pistoia (Italy).
- Author
-
Ezquerro, Pablo, Del Soldato, Matteo, Solari, Lorenzo, Tomás, Roberto, Raspini, Federico, Ceccatelli, Mattia, Fernández-Merodo, José Antonio, Casagli, Nicola, and Herrera, Gerardo
- Subjects
LAND subsidence ,SYNTHETIC aperture radar ,URBAN planning ,LAND use - Abstract
The launch of the medium resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-1 constellation in 2014 has allowed public and private organizations to introduce SAR interferometry (InSAR) products as a valuable option in their monitoring systems. The massive stacks of displacement data resulting from the processing of large C-B and radar images can be used to highlight temporal and spatial deformation anomalies, and their detailed analysis and postprocessing to generate operative products for final users. In this work, the wide-area mapping capability of Sentinel-1 was used in synergy with the COSMO-SkyMed high resolution SAR data to characterize ground subsidence affecting the urban fabric of the city of Pistoia (Tuscany Region, central Italy). Line of sight velocities were decomposed on vertical and E–W components, observing slight horizontal movements towards the center of the subsidence area. Vertical displacements and damage field surveys allowed for the calculation of the probability of damage depending on the displacement velocity by means of fragility curves. Finally, these data were translated to damage probability and potential loss maps. These products are useful for urban planning and geohazard management, focusing on the identification of the most hazardous areas on which to concentrate efforts and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Review of Satellite Interferometry for Landslide Detection in Italy.
- Author
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Solari, Lorenzo, Del Soldato, Matteo, Raspini, Federico, Barra, Anna, Bianchini, Silvia, Confuorto, Pierluigi, Casagli, Nicola, and Crosetto, Michele
- Subjects
- *
LANDSLIDES , *SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *INTERFEROMETRY , *REMOTE sensing , *SATELLITE-based remote sensing - Abstract
Landslides recurrently impact the Italian territory, producing huge economic losses and casualties. Because of this, there is a large demand for monitoring tools to support landslide management strategies. Among the variety of remote sensing techniques, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has become one of the most widely applied for landslide studies. This work reviews a variety of InSAR-related applications for landslide studies in Italy. More than 250 papers were analyzed in this review. The first application dates back to 1999. The average production of InSAR-related papers for landslide studies is around 12 per year, with a peak of 37 papers in 2015. Almost 70% of the papers are written by authors in academia. InSAR is used (i) for landslide back analysis (3% of the papers); (ii) for landslide characterization (40% of the papers); (iii) as input for landslide models (7% of the papers); (iv) to update landslide inventories (15% of the papers); (v) for landslide mapping (32% of the papers), and (vi) for monitoring (3% of the papers). Sixty-eight percent of the authors validated the satellite results with ground information or other remote sensing data. Although well-known limitations exist, this bibliographic overview confirms that InSAR is a consolidated tool for many landslide-related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Ground Subsidence Susceptibility (GSS) Mapping in Grosseto Plain (Tuscany, Italy) Based on Satellite InSAR Data Using Frequency Ratio and Fuzzy Logic.
- Author
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Bianchini, Silvia, Solari, Lorenzo, Del Soldato, Matteo, Raspini, Federico, Montalti, Roberto, Ciampalini, Andrea, and Casagli, Nicola
- Subjects
- *
FUZZY logic , *LAND subsidence , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *ALLUVIUM , *LAND use planning , *BIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating and mapping Ground Subsidence Susceptibility (GSS) in the Grosseto plain (Tuscany Region, Italy) by exploiting multi-temporal satellite InSAR data and by applying two parallel approaches; a bivariate statistical analysis (Frequency Ratio) and a mathematical probabilistic model (Fuzzy Logic operator). The Grosseto plain experienced subsidence and sinkholes due to natural causes in the past and it is still suffering slow-moving ground lowering. Five conditioning subsidence-related factors were selected and managed in a GIS environment through an overlay pixel-by-pixel analysis. Firstly, multi-temporal ground subsidence inventory maps were prepared in the study area by starting from two inventories referred to distinct temporal intervals (2003–2009 and 2014–2019) derived from Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) data of ENVISAT and SENTINEL-1 satellites. Then, the susceptibility modelling was performed through the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) approaches. These analyses led to slightly different scenarios which were compared and discussed. Results show that flat areas on alluvial and colluvial deposits with thick sedimentary cover (higher than 20 m) on the bedrock in the central and eastern sectors of the plain are the most susceptible to land subsidence. The obtained FR- and FL-based GSS maps were finally validated with a ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis, in order to estimate the overall performance of the models. The AUC (Area Under Curve) values of ROC analysis of the FR model were higher than the ones of FL model, suggesting that the former is a better and more appropriate predictor for subsidence susceptibility analysis in the study area. In conclusion, GSS maps provided a qualitative overview of the subsidence scenarios and may be helpful to predict and preliminarily identify high-risk areas for environmental local authorities and decision makers in charge of land use planning in the study area. Finally, the presented methodologies to derive GSS maps are easily reproducible and could also be applied and tested in other test sites worldwide, in order to check the modeling performance in different environmental settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Semi-Automatic Identification and Pre-Screening of Geological–Geotechnical Deformational Processes Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Datasets.
- Author
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Tomás, Roberto, Pagán, José Ignacio, Navarro, José A., Cano, Miguel, Pastor, José Luis, Riquelme, Adrián, Cuevas-González, María, Crosetto, Michele, Barra, Anna, Monserrat, Oriol, Lopez-Sanchez, Juan M., Ramón, Alfredo, Ivorra, Salvador, Del Soldato, Matteo, Solari, Lorenzo, Bianchini, Silvia, Raspini, Federico, Novali, Fabrizio, Ferretti, Alessandro, and Costantini, Mario
- Subjects
GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,INTERFEROMETRY ,LANDSLIDES ,LAND subsidence ,VECTOR data ,DIGITAL elevation models - Abstract
This work describes a new procedure aimed to semi-automatically identify clusters of active persistent scatterers and preliminarily associate them with different potential types of deformational processes over wide areas. This procedure consists of three main modules: (i) ADAfinder, aimed at the detection of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) data; (ii) LOS2HV, focused on the decomposition of Line Of Sight (LOS) displacements from ascending and descending PSI datasets into vertical and east-west components; iii) ADAclassifier, that semi-automatically categorizes each ADA into potential deformational processes using the outputs derived from (i) and (ii), as well as ancillary external information. The proposed procedure enables infrastructures management authorities to identify, classify, monitor and categorize the most critical deformations measured by PSI techniques in order to provide the capacity for implementing prevention and mitigation actions over wide areas against geological threats. Zeri, Campiglia Marittima–Suvereto and Abbadia San Salvatore (Tuscany, central Italy) are used as case studies for illustrating the developed methodology. Three PSI datasets derived from the Sentinel-1 constellation have been used, jointly with the geological map of Italy (scale 1:50,000), the updated Italian landslide and land subsidence maps (scale 1:25,000), a 25 m grid Digital Elevation Model, and a cadastral vector map (scale 1:5000). The application to these cases of the proposed workflow demonstrates its capability to quickly process wide areas in very short times and a high compatibility with Geographical Information System (GIS) environments for data visualization and representation. The derived products are of key interest for infrastructures and land management as well as decision-making at a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Monitoring Ground Instabilities Using SAR Satellite Data: A Practical Approach.
- Author
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Del Soldato, Matteo, Solari, Lorenzo, Raspini, Federico, Bianchini, Silvia, Ciampalini, Andrea, Montalti, Roberto, Ferretti, Alessandro, Pellegrineschi, Vania, and Casagli, Nicola
- Subjects
- *
DATA - Abstract
Satellite interferometric data are widely exploited for ground motion monitoring thanks to their wide area coverage, cost efficiency and non-invasiveness. The launch of the Sentinel-1 constellation opened new horizons for interferometric applications, allowing the scientists to rethink the way in which these data are delivered, passing from a static view of the territory to a continuous streaming of ground motion measurements from space. Tuscany Region is the first worldwide example of a regional scale monitoring system based on satellite interferometric data. The processing chain here exploited combines a multi-interferometric approach with a time-series data mining algorithm aimed at recognizing benchmarks with significant trend variations. The system is capable of detecting the temporal changes of a wide variety of phenomena such as slow-moving landslides and subsidence, producing a high amount of data to be interpreted in a short time. Bulletins and reports are derived to the hydrogeological risk management actors at regional scale. The final output of the project is a list of potentially hazardous and accelerating phenomena that are verified on site by field campaign by completing a sheet survey in order to qualitatively estimate the risk and to suggest short-term actions to be taken by local entities. Two case studies, one related to landslides and one to subsidence, are proposed to highlight the potential of the monitoring system to early detect anomalous ground changes. Both examples represent a successful implementation of satellite interferometric data as monitoring and risk management tools, raising the awareness of local and regional authorities to geohazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Landslide-Induced Damage Probability Estimation Coupling InSAR and Field Survey Data by Fragility Curves.
- Author
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Del Soldato, Matteo, Solari, Lorenzo, Poggi, Francesco, Raspini, Federico, Tomás, Roberto, Fanti, Riccardo, and Casagli, Nicola
- Subjects
- *
SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *CURVES , *PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
Landslides are considered to be one of the main natural geohazards causing relevant economic damages and social effects worldwide. Italy is one of the countries worldwide most affected by landslides; in the Region of Tuscany alone, more than 100,000 phenomena are known and mapped. The possibility to recognize, investigate, and monitor these phenomena play a key role to avoid further occurrences and consequences. The number of applications of Advanced Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (A-DInSAR) analysis for landslides monitoring and mapping greatly increased in the last decades thanks to the technological advances and the development of advanced processing algorithms. In this work, landslide-induced damage on structures recognized and classified by field survey and velocity of displacement re-projected along the steepest slope were combined in order to extract fragility curves for the hamlets of Patigno and Coloretta, in the Zeri municipality (Tuscany, northern Italy). Images using ERS1/2, ENVISAT, COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) were employed to investigate an approximate 25 years of deformation affecting both hamlets. Three field surveys were conducted for recognizing, identifying, and classifying the landslide-induced damage on structures and infrastructures. At the end, the damage probability maps were designed by means of the use of the fragility curves between Sentinel-1 velocities and recorded levels of damage. The results were conceived to be useful for the local authorities and civil protection authorities to improve the land managing and, more generally, for planning mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Prediction of slope failure at regional scale with Sentinel-1 satellites: possibilities and limitations.
- Author
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Raspini, Federico, Intrieri, Emanuele, Bianchini, Silvia, Del Soldato, Matteo, Montalti, Roberto, Solari, Lorenzo, and Casagli, Nicola
- Published
- 2019
47. Satellite Data to Improve the Knowledge of Geohazards in World Heritage Sites.
- Author
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Pastonchi, Laura, Barra, Anna, Monserrat, Oriol, Luzi, Guido, Solari, Lorenzo, and Tofani, Veronica
- Subjects
WORLD Heritage Sites ,LANDSLIDES ,CULTURAL property ,LANDSLIDE hazard analysis - Abstract
According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) agency, the World Heritage Sites (WHS) inscribed in the World Heritage List (WHL) must be safeguarded with an adequate protection system, in order to guarantee their integrity and authenticity. Currently, many UNESCO sites are threatened by geohazards, but the safeguard of these sites does not seem to be wide-ranging. Looking at the standard list of factors affecting the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of WHS, which has been adopted by the World Heritage Committee in 2008, it seems that only "sudden geological events" are considered as factors that undermine the protection of the properties. Furthermore, it is well known that slow-kinematic phenomena can also threaten cultural and natural heritage. This study proposes a satellite InSAR-based procedure to identify and monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of ground deformation related to slow-kinematic geohazards (slow-moving landslides and ground-subsidence). This procedure, applied in this work on the Tuscany Region (Italy), simplify the InSAR products interpretation, making them easily exploitable by the local WHS managers for long-term geohazards monitoring and conservation strategies. These activities, thanks to the main characteristics of the recent Sentinel-1 data (short revisit time, free availability without any restrictions and worldwide coverage), can be defined for each UNESCO site of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Lava delta deformation as a proxy for submarine slope instability.
- Author
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Di Traglia, Federico, Nolesini, Teresa, Solari, Lorenzo, Ciampalini, Andrea, Frodella, William, Steri, Damiano, Allotta, Benedetto, Rindi, Andrea, Marini, Lorenzo, Monni, Niccolò, Galardi, Emanuele, and Casagli, Nicola
- Subjects
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DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) , *LAVA , *SLOPES (Physical geography) , *DISPLACEMENT (Mechanics) , *LANDSLIDES - Abstract
The instability of lava deltas is a recurrent phenomenon affecting volcanic islands, which can potentially cause secondary events such as littoral explosions (due to interactions between hot lava and seawater) and tsunamis. It has been shown that Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a powerful technique to forecast the collapse of newly emplaced lava deltas. This work goes further, demonstrating that the monitoring of lava deltas is a successful strategy by which to observe the long-term deformation of subaerial–submarine landslide systems on unstable volcanic flanks. In this paper, displacement measurements derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery were used to detect lava delta instability at Stromboli volcano (Italy). Recent flank eruptions (2002–2003, 2007 and 2014) affected the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) depression, created a “stacked” lava delta, which overlies a pre-existing scar produced by a submarine–subaerial tsunamigenic landslide that occurred on 30 December 2002. Space-borne X-band COSMO-SkyMED (CSK) and C-band SENTINEL-1A (SNT) SAR data collected between February 2010 and October 2016 were processed using the SqueeSAR algorithm. The obtained ground displacement maps revealed the differential ground motion of the lava delta in both CSK and SNT datasets, identifying a stable area (characterized by less than 2 mm/y in both datasets) within the northern sector of the SdF and an unstable area (characterized by velocity fields on the order of 30 mm/y and 160 mm/y in the CSK and SNT datasets, respectively) in the central sector of the SdF. The slope stability of the offshore part of the SdF, as reconstructed based on a recently performed multibeam bathymetric survey, was evaluated using a 3D Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). In all the simulations, Factor of Safety (F) values between 0.9 and 1.1 always characterized the submarine slope between the coastline and −250 m a.s.l. The critical surfaces for all the search volumes corresponded to the 30 December 2002 landslide, which involved the lava delta and its surrounding areas. InSAR data provided the post-effusive deformation field after the 2007 and 2014 flank eruptions, whereas LEM results highlighted that the accumulation of lava flows on the prone-to-failure SdF submarine slope is the main cause of the detected lava delta deformation. Lava delta instability, measured also at Pico Island (Azores) and Kilauea volcano (Hawaii), is evidence of the broader spectrum of instability phenomena that take place in the coastal or submarine area of the flanks of the volcanoes. At Kilauea, past lava deltas have moved faster than the surrounding slope and the recorded movements relate only to the collapses of the deltas themselves, producing rapid mass wasting near the coasts. In contrast, at Stromboli and Pico, lava deltas move at the same velocity as the surrounding slope. In these cases, the displacement at lava deltas can be considered as a proxy for the deformation of submarine slides. There are very few studies dealing with lava delta deformation, thus, the analysis presented in this work will benefit the monitoring of submarine slopes in other prone-to-failure coastal or island volcanic systems which have the potential to generate tsunamis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
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49. Continuous, semi-automatic monitoring of ground deformation using Sentinel-1 satellites.
- Author
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Raspini F, Bianchini S, Ciampalini A, Del Soldato M, Solari L, Novali F, Del Conte S, Rucci A, Ferretti A, and Casagli N
- Abstract
We present the continuous monitoring of ground deformation at regional scale using ESA (European Space Agency) Sentinel-1constellation of satellites. We discuss this operational monitoring service through the case study of the Tuscany Region (Central Italy), selected due to its peculiar geological setting prone to ground instability phenomena. We set up a systematic processing chain of Sentinel-1 acquisitions to create continuously updated ground deformation data to mark the transition from static satellite analysis, based on the analysis of archive images, to dynamic monitoring of ground displacement. Displacement time series, systematically updated with the most recent available Sentinel-1 acquisition, are analysed to identify anomalous points (i.e., points where a change in the dynamic of motion is occurring). The presence of a cluster of persistent anomalies affecting elements at risk determines a significant level of risk, with the necessity of further analysis. Here, we show that the Sentinel-1 constellation can be used for continuous and systematic tracking of ground deformation phenomena at the regional scale. Our results demonstrate how satellite data, acquired with short revisiting times and promptly processed, can contribute to the detection of changes in ground deformation patterns and can act as a key information layer for risk mitigation.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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