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[Display omitted] • 20 nm ZIF-8 nanoparticles sandwiched MXene (ZSM) were synthesized by in situ electrostatic assembly. • ZSM derived ultrathin nitrogen-doped carbon/Ti3C2Tx-TiN (NC/MX-TiN) heterostructure. • NC/MX-TiN possesses large specific surface area, outstanding conductivity, and good redox capability. • Excellent desalination performance and robust cycling stability were achieved on NC/MX-TiN. Rational design of high-performance electrode materials is crucial for enhancing desalination performance of capacitive deionization (CDI). Here, ultrathin nitrogen-doped carbon/Ti 3 C 2 T x -TiN (NC/MX-TiN) heterostructure was developed by pyrolyzing zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles sandwiched MXene (ZSM), which were formed by assembling ultrafine ZIF-8 nanoparticles with size of 20 nm on both sides of MXene nanosheets. The introduction of ultrasmall ZIF-8 particles allowed for in situ nitridation of the MXene during pyrolysis, forming consecutive TiN layers tightly connected to the internal MXene. The two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure exhibited remarkable properties, including high specific surface area and excellent conductivity. Additionally, the resulting TiN demonstrated exceptional redox capability, which significantly enhanced the performance of CDI and ensured cycling stability. Benefiting from these advantages, the NC/MX-TiN exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 45.6 mg g−1 and a steady cycling performance in oxygenated saline water over 50 cycles. This work explores the rational design and construction of MXene-based 2D heterostructure and broadens new horizons for the development of novel CDI electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) was coated on the surface of leaf-like zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFL). • mPDA layer effectively mitigate backbone collapse of ZIFL during pyrolysis. • ZIFL@mPDA derived carbon possess hierarchical pore structures along with carbon nanotubes. • The structural and compositional merits enable ZIFL@mPDA derived carbon excellent desalination performance. The onstruction of novel porous carbon materials for efficient desalination is crucial but remains challenging for capacitive deionization (CDI) development. Herein, a micelle-assisted strategy was raised to coat mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) on the surface of two-dimensional (2D) leaf-like zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFL) followed by confinement pyrolysis. The introduction of the mPDA layer can not only mitigate the backbone collapse of ZIFL during pyrolysis to build a favorable porous environment for efficient ion transport and diffusion, but also induce explosive growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve the electron conductivity. As expected, the derivative ZIFL@mPDA-C possessed a high desalination capacity of 41.9 mg g−1 in 500 mg L-1 NaCl solution at an operating voltage of 1.2 V. In particular, the retention ratio of the desalination capacity of ZIFL@mPDA-C was about 100 % after 50 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, while its leaf-like morphology and hierarchical pore structures were well preserved. This study highlights the importance of rationally designed structures and components for the performance breakthrough of carbon-based CDI electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In here, cobalt-zinc bimetallic oxides@polypyrrole (PPy) composites with core–shell structure are prepared, and the prepared Co 3 O 4 /ZnCo 2 O 4 @PPy (CZCP) has a wide absorption of 5.58 GHz, while ZnCo 2 O 4 /ZnO@PPy (ZCZP) has a strong reflection loss of −71.2 dB. [Display omitted] • By changing the ratio of Co2+ and Zn2+ of the MOF precursors, the various cobalt-zinc bimetallic oxides are fabricated. • Cobalt-zinc bimetallic oxides@polypyrrole (PPy) composites with core–shell structure are prepared through in situ polymerization method. • When the loading is 50 wt%, the EAB of Co 3 O 4 /ZnCo 2 O 4 @PPy is 5.58 GHz (12.42–18 GHz) at 1.53 mm, and the RL min of ZnCo 2 O 4 /ZnO@PPy is −71.2 dB at 13.04 GHz and 1.84 mm. Composite materials that combine magnetic and dielectric losses offer a potential solution to enhance impedance match and significantly improve microwave absorption. In this study, Co 3 O 4 /ZnCo 2 O 4 and ZnCo 2 O 4 /ZnO with varying metal oxide compositions are successfully synthesized, which are achieved by modifying the ratios of Co2+ and Zn2+ ions in the CoZn bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) precursor, followed by a high-temperature oxidative calcination process. Subsequently, a layer of polypyrrole (PPy) is coated onto the composite surfaces, resulting in the formation of core–shell structures known as Co 3 O 4 /ZnCo 2 O 4 @PPy (CZCP) and ZnCo 2 O 4 /ZnO@PPy (ZCZP) composites. The proposed method allows for rapid adjustments to the metal oxide composition within the inner shell, enabling the creation of composites with varying degrees of magnetic losses. The inclusion of PPy in the outer shell serves to enhance the bonding strength of the entire composite structure while contributing to conductive and dielectric losses. In specific experimental conditions, when the loading is set at 50 wt%, the CZCP composite exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.58 GHz (12.42 GHz-18 GHz) at a thickness of 1.53 mm. Meanwhile, the ZCZP composite demonstrates an impressive minimum reflection loss (RL min) of −71.2 dB at 13.04 GHz, with a thickness of 1.84 mm. This study offers a synthesis strategy for designing absorbent composites that possess light weight and excellent absorptive properties, thereby contributing to the advancement of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni NCs@Z-P/RGO composites are prepared for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption, exhibiting RL min of −63.58 dB at 14.3 GHz with a thickness 1.61 mm, the EAB of 5.08 GHz (11.92 GHz-17 GHz) at a thickness of 1.67 mm, and the reduction in RCS up to 26.6 dB m2 at θ=0°. [Display omitted] • One-dimensional Ni nanochains@Zn2+ doping PPy/reduced graphene oxide composites for electromagnetic wave absorption are fabricated. • The composite has the RL min of −63.58 dB at 14.3 GHz with a thickness 1.61 mm and the EAB of 5.08 GHz (11.92 GHz-17 GHz) at a thickness of 1.67 mm. • At θ = 0° and PHi = 0°, the coating of this material reduces the RCS value by 26.6 dB m2 compared to the uncoated perfectly conducting layer. Nowadays, electromagnetic radiation significantly impacts the normal operation of electronic devices and poses risks to human health. To effectively address this problem, the development of composites that exhibit exceptional electrochemical wave absorption through the combination of different components holds great promise. In this study, we have successfully prepared 1D Ni nanochains@Zn2+ doping polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (Ni NCs@Z-P/RGO, denoted as R-x) composites using a combination of hydrothermal, solvothermal, in situ polymerization, and physical blending methods. Notably, the R-2 composite demonstrates a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RL min) of −63.58 dB at 14.3 GHz, with a thickness of 1.61 mm. Furthermore, the R-2 composite exhibits an impressive effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.08 GHz (11.92 GHz-17 GHz) at a thickness of 1.67 mm. These outstanding performances can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the different components and a well-thought-out structural design. Moreover, to showcase the practical applicability of the material, we have conducted additional investigations on the reduction of the radar cross-sectional area (RCS). The results strongly demonstrate that the prepared composite material, when used as a coating, effectively reduces the RCS value by up to 26.6 dB m2 for R-2 at θ = 0°. The experimental methods and simulations presented in this study hold significant potential for application in wave absorption research and practical implementations. Additionally, the prepared Ni NCs@Z-P/RGO composites demonstrate feasibility as wave-absorbing materials for future utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of Schottky junctions between ZIS and Pt, the high utilization of light energy in tubular HNTs, and the trapping effect of EDTA for photogenerated h+ were all favorable for enhancing the catalytic property. [Display omitted] • Halloysite (HNTs) were as substrates to in-situ grow ZnIn 2 S 4 (ZIS) nanoflowers. • Composite 3ZIS-HNTs/E3 exhibited enhanced photocatalytic H 2 evolution rate. • 3ZIS-HNTs/E3 displayed excellent capacity for 4-nitrophenol hydrogenation reaction. • HNTs induced higher S vacancies, dispersion, and light energy utilization in ZIS. • Schottky junctions (Pt and ZIS) enhanced the separation of photogenerated carriers. Hydrogen (H 2) evolution by photocatalytic water splitting is a potential strategy to solve worldwide energy shortage. Sulfide nanocatalysts showed great potential for H 2 evolution, but suffered from low charge separation efficiency and easy agglomeration. In this work, ZnIn 2 S 4 (ZIS) nanoflowers were anchored onto the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) modified by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Photocatalyst 3ZnIn 2 S 4 -HNTs/EDTA3 (3ZIS-HNTs/E3) displayed the optimum H 2 evolution rate of 10.4 mmol·g−1·h−1, being 3.4 times as that of the original ZIS. Moreover, 3ZIS-HNTs/E3 presented satisfied property in the photocatalytic hydrogenation reaction of 4-nitrophenol to produce 4-aminophenol. HNTs as substrates not only hindered the growth and agglomeration of ZIS, but also induced more S vacancies in ZIS. The production of Schottky junctions between ZIS and Pt, the high utilization of light energy in tubular HNTs, and the trapping effect of EDTA for photogenerated h+ were all favorable for enhancing the catalytic property. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that 3ZIS-HNTs/E3 with more S vacancies had the lowest adsorption energy and the most appropriate Δ G H* for H* to enhance the H 2 evolution efficiency, which was consistent with the experimental catalytic results. This study contributes a novel thought for synthesizing composites on the basis of natural minerals for taking part in and enhancing the catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NiS clusters as cocatalyst and active sites were in-situ anchored on ZnIn 2 S 4 supports. • In-situ formed built-in electric field accelerated carrier separation. • Bifunctional applications of antibiotic degradation and sterilization were realized. Achieving photocatalytic antibiotic degradation and bacterial inactivation with high efficiency remains a challenging mission to originate a clean environment. In this work, ultra-small NiS clusters were in-situ grew on photoactive ZnIn 2 S 4 nanoflower supports to form a NiS/ZnIn 2 S 4 heterojunction, in which a strong and surface-limited binding was formed between the NiS clusters and ZnIn 2 S 4 supports. The in-situ formed NiS clusters not only appeased interfacial charge transfer resistance of the heterojunction but also eventuated a strong built-in electric field, resulting a fast electron migration from ZnIn 2 S 4 to NiS clusters functioned as cocatalyst and active sites to boost the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. As a result, the optimal 2NiS/ZnIn 2 S 4 heterojunction expressed a higher photocatalytic Escherichia inactivation activity (99.23 % for 3 h) and a raised antibiotic degradation performance, including tetracycline (60 % for 20 min), ofloxacin (62 % for 20 min), oxytetracycline (63 % for 20 min) compared to that of pure ZnIn 2 S 4 (39.14 % for Escherichia inactivation and 44 % for tetracycline degradation). This work furnishes a great promise to develop inorganic clusters coupled photocatalysts for light-driven environmental application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The intrinsic properties of photocatalysts can be tuned by NH 2 -MIL-125 derived nitrogen-doped titania/carbon (NTC) catalysts. • Visible light-driven NTC enhanced PMS utilization efficiency for SMT degradation. • The PMS activating mechanism on NTC catalysts was elucidated. • Photo-electrons excited from NTC played the dominant role for the enhancement of PMS utilization efficiency. Enhancing the utilization efficiency of oxidant is of great importance for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Herein, nitrogen-doped titania dioxide/carbon (NTC7) catalyst was fabricated via pyrolyzing NH 2 -MIL-125 under nitrogen atmosphere at 700 °C. Excitation of NTC7 under visible light can successfully achieve efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) (NTC7 + PMS + Vis). Degradation performance and PMS activation mechanism were systematically investigated using sulfamethazine (SMT) as the target pollutant. It was found that the photo-generated electrons excited from NTC7 under visible light played the dominant role in enhancing the productive consumption of PMS. Its utilization increased by 66 % (Δ[PMS]/Δ[SMT] = 7.0) in NTC7 + PMS + Vis process and the degradation rate was 2.14 times higher than that of NTC7 + PMS process. The ketonic C O groups and structural defects were responsible for the generation of 1O 2 in dark activation while radicals (•OH, O 2 •–) were more inclined to be continuously produced in NTC7 + PMS + Vis process. The involved degradation pathways, intermediates, and toxicity assessment have been studied in detail. This work provides an effective approach to enhance the utilization efficiency of oxidant for pollutant degradation by AOPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A bioinspired molecule with a dipeptide-like structure and active silanol groups was designed successfully. • The QY of h-PDs in aqueous solution and solid state reached as high as 98.2% and 96.3%, respectively. • The emission behavior of non-aromatic fluorescent materials under sunlight was achieved for the first time. • This work provides a design strategy for synthesizing high-fluorescence QY non-aromatic fluorescent materials. In recent years, non-aromatic fluorescent materials have attracted widespread attention, but achieving a high quantum yield ( QY ) in their dilute solutions still remains a challenge. In this work, inspired by the Clustering-triggered emission (CTE) phenomenon of non-aromatic amino acids and poly(amino acids), we successfully designed a bioinspired molecule with a dipeptide-like structure and active silanol groups. The as-prepared bioinspired molecule can be hydrolyzed by simple heating to obtain the hydrolysate h-PDs , which can emit strong blue fluorescence in dilute solution. And this was the first time to realize the emission behavior of non-aromatic fluorescent materials under sunlight. The QY of h-PDs in aqueous solution and solid state were as high as 98.2% and 96.3%, respectively, which were attributed to the condensation of active silanol groups at the end of the molecule, and the existence of hydrogen bonds and N → Si coordination bonds that made small molecules cross-linked and aggregated into dense clusters. Finally, the application of h-PDs in the detection of intracellular and exogenous Hg2+ and Cys and luminescent films were also explored. Significantly, this work provides a design strategy for synthesizing high-fluorescence QY non-aromatic fluorescent materials, and verifies their potential application value in the fields of environment, biology and light-emitting devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • GNs were prepared by pyrolyzing the amide salt. • GNs have multi-excitation and single color emission properties. • GNs have the characteristics of high water solubility, low toxicity, easy manufacturing, etc. • GNs can efficiently and specifically respond to ClO− and image HepG2 cells. A novel and simple approach of using amide salt pyrolysis to produce photoluminescent (multi-excitation and single color emission) graphene nanosheets (GNs) with a thickness of <1 nm and a diameter of about 100–200 nm is described herein. It has characteristics of high water solubility, low toxicity, easy manufacturing, etc., and has potential application prospects in analytical chemistry and biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The all-solid-state sodium metal batteries (ASSMBs) are highly promising for their low cost. MOFs have emerged as potential solid electrolyte materials due to their abundant pores and open metal-active sites, enabling fast ion conduction. In this study, a solid electrolyte membrane Na/Mg-MOF-74 was synthesized using a simple method. The stable ion-conducting channel of Mg-MOF-74 contributed to the excellent electrochemical performance of ASSMBs coupled with Na/Mg-MOF-74 electrolyte, including high ionic conductivity (8.53 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 70 °C) and a wide potential window (1–4.3 V). This study represents the first utilization of Mg-MOF-74 for ASSMBs, marking a significant milestone in the field. A flexible MOF-based solid electrolyte Na/Mg-MOF-74 with abundant pores was synthesized. The fast Na+ transport path can be attributed to the presence of Mg2+ exposed metal-active sites of Mg-MOF-74 that facilitate the immobilization anion, thereby enhancing the migration of Na+. [Display omitted] • Mg-MOF-74 was applied to all-solid-state sodium metal batteries. • A flexible MOF-based solid electrolyte Na/Mg-MOF-74 was synthesized. • The Na/Mg-MOF-74 electrolyte shows a high ionic conductivity of 8.53 × 10−4 S cm−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction and measurement of yield stress are crucial for optimizing sludge treatment and disposal. However, the differences and applicability of various methods for measuring yield stress are subjects of ongoing debate. Meanwhile, literature on measuring sludge yield stress is limited to low solid concentrations (TS <10%), understanding and studying the yield stress of medium to high solid concentration sludge is crucial due to increasingly stringent standards for sludge treatment and disposal. So, this study employed a rotational rheometer to measure sludge yield stress across a wide range of TS (4–50%) using steady shear, dynamic oscillatory shear, and transient shear. The study derived significant conclusions by comparing and summarizing the applicability and limitations of each testing method: Dynamic oscillatory shear methods, including G′- σ curve method, γ - σ curve method, and G** γ c method can measure sludge yield stress ranging from 4% to 40% TS, while other methods are restricted to low or limited solid concentrations; The G' = G″ method, utilizing the intersection of G′ and G″ curves, consistently yields the highest value for yield stress when 4%≤ TS ≤ 12%; The rotational rheometer cannot measure sludge yield stress when the solid concentration exceeds 40% TS; The relationship between sludge yield stress and solid concentration is stronger as a power-law for TS ≤ 25%, transitioning to linear for higher concentrations (28%≤ TS <40%). This study systematically explores the applicability and limitations of various measurement methods for characterizing sludge yield stress across a wide range of solid concentrations, providing valuable guidance for scientific measurement and highlighting challenging research issues. [Display omitted] • Eight major methods were employed to systematically characterize sludge yield stress. • The sludge yield stress range from 4 to 50% TS was characterized and evaluated. • G′-σ curve, γ-σ curve and G**γ c method can characterize the τ y of 4–40% TS sludge. • The correlation between τ y and TS is strongly dependent on TS value. • TS >40%, the rotational rheometer not suitable for characterizing the τ y of sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] It is hypothesized that the performance of a chemical inhibitor to interfere with the precipitation and scaling of calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO 3) is achieved through its chelating interaction with calcium ions. The effectiveness of a chemical inhibitor in removing existing scales from the mineral surfaces is proposed to rely on its ability to modify the calcite crystal structures. Bulk scaling tests and dynamic adsorption experiments using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring were conducted to systematically investigate the scaling behaviours (i.e., buildup and breakup processes) of calcite crystals, in the absence and presence of chemical inhibitors, that include polyacrylic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, and diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid). Scanning electron microscope imaging and thermodynamic characterization using isothermal titration calorimetry were further applied to reveal the surface interactions that contributed to the differences among the effects of the four additives. The results indicate that sodium hexametaphosphate is most efficient in alleviating the amount of CaCO 3 deposited by reducing the concentration of free Ca2+, and diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) shows an outstanding ability to clean the mineral surface by destroying the ordered crystal layers of the scales so that they can be washed away with water. This work provides useful insights into the fundamental interactions of chemical inhibitors and calcite, with implications for the development of effective chemical solutions for anti-scaling and descaling applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1D Mn 0.47 Cd 0.53 S nanorods loaded with 0D CoWO 4 nanoparticles were prepared, in addition, a possible mechanism of the photocatalytic H 2 production activity was proposed. [Display omitted] • CoWO 4 Modified Mn 0.47 Cd 0.53 S was synthesized by simple hydrothermal process. • The CoWO 4 /Mn 0.47 Cd 0.53 S-25 can be used as a low cost catalyst for H 2 evolution. • The CoWO 4 /Mn 0.47 Cd 0.53 S-25 demonstrates excellent H 2 production activity and stability. To enhance the photocatalytic activity, loading proper semiconductor with high efficiency and low cost is one of the most valid approaches. Herein, various amounts of CoWO 4 as a novel metal-free material were loaded on Mn 0.47 Cd 0.53 S (MCS) nanorods for photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction. The CoWO 4 /Mn 0.47 Cd 0.53 S-25 (CW/MCS-25) exhibits the highest hydrogen production rate of 41.53 mmol·h−1·g−1 in the Na 2 S/Na 2 SO 3 system, which is about 2.68 times higher than that of pristine MCS. The Mapping and HRTEM reveals the deposited of CoWO 4 on the MCS. The detailed analyses of XPS, EIS, TRPL spectra and transient photocurrent responses indicate that CoWO 4 and MCS interacted closely and the photogenerated electrons of CoWO 4 can be transferred into MCS. In particular, the introduction of CoWO 4 can further transfer the photogenerated holes of MCS, thereby inhibiting the photocorrosion of MCS and improving photocatalytic activity. This work provides a reference for the exploration of noble metal-free composite material and shows great potential in the photocatalytic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A porphyrin-based metal–organic framework coordinated with a high content of single Pt atoms (up to 4.67%) was prepared via an in-situ reaction strategy for highly efficient photocatalytic H 2 evolution. [Display omitted] • The PCN-222(Pt) with a high loading of single Pt atoms was successfully synthesized. • Dual sites of Pt single atom and ZrIV ions contribute to the enhanced photoactivity. • The prepared PCN-222(Pt) displayed much longer lifetime and excellent stability. We report a porous metal–organic framework loaded with single Pt atoms, namely PCN-222(Pt) nanorods, which are prepared by the self-assembly of Pt-metalized tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin ligand with a Zr 6 cluster. The mass-loading of Pt in the synthesized PCN-222(Pt) is up to 4.67%, and can be accurately controlled by using an in-situ reaction strategy. Remarkably, the PCN-222(Pt) exhibits a highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 614 μmol g-1h−1, which is 7.4 times higher than that of PCN-222 (an isostructural sample to PCN-222(Pt) without coordinated Pt ions in the porphyrin rings). The apparent quantum efficiency of PCN-222(Pt) reaches up to 1.049% at 420 nm. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra confirm the as-formed intermediate ZrIII, obtained from the reduction of ZrIV species, participates in the photocatalytic reaction. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate the positive role that single Pt atoms in PCN-222(Pt) play in optimizing the corresponding hydrogen binding energy. The existence of this dual reaction mechanism in PCN-222(Pt) greatly and synergistically boosts the photocatalytic H 2 production activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based spiking neural network (SNN) accelerator architecture is proposed. • Approximate arithmetic units are utilized to realize energy efficient hardware implementation. • A variable precision method is proposed to minimize bit-width of weights. • The feasibility of utilizing the proposed method is verified via different SNN models. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been getting more research attention in recent years as the way they process information is suitable for building neuromorphic systems effectively. However, realizing SNNs on hardware is computationally expensive. To improve their efficiency for hardware implementation, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based SNN accelerator architecture is proposed and implemented using approximate arithmetic units. To identify the minimal required bit-width for approximate computation without any performance loss, a variable precision method is utilized to represent weights of the SNN. Unlike the conventional reduced precision method applied to all weights uniformly, the proposed variable precision method allows different bit-widths to represent weights and provide the feasibility of maximizing truncation effort for each weight. Four SNNs adopting different network configurations and training datasets are established to compare the performance of proposed accelerator architecture using the variable precision method with the proposed one using the conventional reduced precision method. Based on the experimental results, more than 40% of the weights require less bit-width when applying the variable precision method instead of the reduced precision method. With the variable precision method, the proposed architecture achieves 28% fewer ALUTs and 29% less power consumption than the proposed one using the reduced precision method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of a series of NiS 2 -MoS 2 - x hybrids as HDS catalysts. • Ni reduces MoS 2 particle size and slab and increases the defects of MoS 2 slabs. • Defects contribute to the exposure of active sites. • NiS 2 -MoS 2 -0.2 shows optimal HDS activity and direct desulfurization selectivity. • NiS 2 -MoS 2 - x with Ni has a more durable HDS due to a stable sphere-flower structure. A series of new NiS 2 -MoS 2 - x (x = 0–0.5) sphere-flower hybrids with different Ni/Mo molar ratios, synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method, were used as catalysts for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene (TP) and 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). The characterizations show that the microstructure of MoS 2 , including the size of MoS 2 nano-flowers, the length of MoS 2 slabs, and the number of defects, was regulated by changing Ni/Mo ratios. Increasing the Ni/Mo ratio in the NiS 2 -MoS 2 - x catalysts significantly boosts their HDS activity, with the optimum ratio being 0.2. In addition, the NiS 2 -MoS 2 -0.2 catalyst exhibits the best direct desulfurization performance, which is associated with the minimum ratio of average slab length (L av) to average stacking number (N av) as well as the highest concentration of Ni-promoted Mo sites and sulfur vacancies. Moreover, Ni-containing NiS 2 -MoS 2 - x catalysts, characterized by a highly stable sphere-flower configuration, exhibit superior structural stability and catalytic durability than the Ni-free NiS 2 -MoS 2 -0 catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring moisture distribution, especially bound water content, is vital for studying and applying sludge dewatering. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method has been extensively utilized for the quantitative characterization of moisture distribution in sludge. However, this method has certain limitations, such as low reproducibility of results, leading to controversial parameter values in different papers and hindering result comparison. In this study, we investigated the influence of key sample attributes on measuring sludge bound water using the DSC method.The findings demonstrated that the moisture content and mass of sludge samples substantially influenced the reproducibility and stability of DSC test results. To ensure data reliability, the moisture content of the sludge sample should be minimized and kept below 84%, with the mass not exceeding 10 mg. Compared to the influence of sludge moisture content and sample mass, the heating rate (1⁓5 °C/min) minimally affected DSC test results. This study offers a comprehensive insight into how sample attributes and test parameters affect the quantitative characterization of bound water in sludge using the DSC method. Furthermore, practical strategies are presented to enhance the method's applicability in sludge bound water characterization. [Display omitted] • Basic factors can greatly affect the accuracy of DSC in sludge bound water test. • Sludge moisture should not be higher than 84%, and the lower the better. • Weight of sludge samples should not exceed 10 mg when using DSC measure bound water. • The heating rate has little effect on the DSC results. • Impact of sludge properties on applicability of bound water by DSC should focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe 3 O 4 @PPy/rGO composites have been fabricated by hydrothermal method, in situ polymerization method, directional freeze-drying and hydrazine vapor reduction, exhibiting the RL min of −61.20 dB at 1.89 mm and the EAB of 5.26 GHz at 1.71 mm. [Display omitted] • Fe 3 O 4 @PPy/rGO (FPG) composites have been fabricated by hydrothermal method, in situ polymerization method, directional freeze-drying and hydrazine vapor reduction. • The enhanced EMW adsorption performances are attributed to the synergy effect of multiple EMW losses stemming from Fe 3 O 4 , PPy, rGO and optimized impedance match. • FPG-4 exhibits the RL min of −61.20 dB at 1.89 mm and the EAB of 5.26 GHz at 1.71 mm. The design of heterostructures with reasonable chemical composition and spatial structure is one of the effective strategies to achieve high performances electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets decorated with hollow core–shell Fe 3 O 4 @PPy (FP) microspheres have been prepared by the combination of hydrothermal method, in situ polymerization method, directional freeze-drying and hydrazine vapor reduction. FP acting as traps can consume EMW trapped into their interior through the magnetic and dielectric losses. RGO nanosheets forming the conductive network are served as multi-reflected layers. Moreover, the impedance matching is optimized by the synergistic effect between FP and rGO. As expected, the synthetic Fe 3 O 4 @PPy/rGO (FPG) composite shows excellent EMW absorption performances with the minimum reflect loss (RL min) of −61.20 dB at 1.89 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.26 GHz at 1.71 mm. The excellent performances for the heterostructure are attributed to the synergistic effect of conductive loss, dielectric loss, magnetic loss, multiple reflection loss, and optimized impedance matching. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the fabrication of lightweight, thin and high-performances EMW absorbing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnCo 2 O 4 /NF with multiple redox couplings and three-dimensional porous structure realizes efficient catalytic urea oxidation and hydrogen evolution. [Display omitted] Electrochemical oxidation of urea is of great importance in the removal and energy exchange and storage of urea from wastewater as well as of potential applications in potable dialysis of end-stage renal disease. However, the lack of economical electrocatalysts hinders its widespread application. In this study, we successfully fabricated ZnCo 2 O 4 nanospheres with bifunctional catalysis on nickel foam (NF). The catalytic system has high catalytic activity and durability for urea overall electrolysis. The urea oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions required only 1.32 V and −80.91 mV to obtain ± 10 mA cm−2. Only 1.39 V was needed to obtain 10 mA cm−2 for 40 h without noticeably declining activity. The excellent performance could be attributed to the fact that the material can provide multiple redox couplings and a three-dimensional porous structure to facilitate the release of gases from the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), nitrogen oxides (NO x , NO 2 and NO), ozone (O 3) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2) was repeatedly measured among fourteen office workers in Beijing and Baoding, China in summer, autumn and winter of 2019. Time–activity patterns were simultaneously recorded. Determinants of personal air pollution exposure were investigated for each pollutant via a linear mixed effect model. The personal concentrations of PM 2.5 , NO 2 , NO and O 3 were higher in autumn and winter than those in summer. A decreasing trend was found in the personal PM 2.5 level for a typical indoor population in Beijing, indicating that particulate pollution was effectively controlled in Beijing and its surrounding area. The personal levels of PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and O 3 were weakly correlated with those monitored at ambient stations and were lower than the respective ambient levels except for PM 2.5 in summer and NO 2 in winter. This pilot study showed that the indoor air environment, ambient pollution, traffic-related variables and temperature were significant exposure sources for office workers. Our study highlighted the significance of controlling traffic emissions and improving the workplace air quality to protect the health of office workers. More importantly, we demonstrated the feasibility of model development for personal air pollution exposure prediction. • Personal exposure to typical air pollutants were collected in Beijing and Baoding. • Exposure levels of PM 2.5 and NO 2 were partially higher than the national standards. • Exposure levels to air pollutants were higher in winter than those in summer and autumn. • Impacting factors of personal exposure were identified by a linear mixed model. • Indoor time, ambient pollution, in traffic time and temperature were key determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alternating aerobic/anaerobic biofilm system had been applied for phosphorus (P) enrichment and recovery because of the advantage of low energy consumption and high efficiency. The metal ions and N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in system were studied to better clarify the mechanism of P uptake/release under metal ion stress. The results indicated that the increase of metal ions stimulated the release of AHLs, and AHLs-guided quorum sensing (QS) enhanced P uptake. Moreover, biomineralization could stimulate the increase of P content in biofilm (P biofilm). Meanwhile, some ortho-p was converted to short-chain poly-p in extracellular polymer substance (EPS), and others were transferred into cell through EPS to synthesize poly-p. With the P biofilm increased, more P could be absorbed/released due to the shift in the metabolic model of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). The release of AHLs between microorganisms was also inhibited when PAOs reached the state of P saturation (75.6 ± 2.5 mg/g SS), which meant that the effect of signaling function would tend to stabilize, and the 169.2 ± 2.6 mg/L P concentration in the enriched solution was obtained due to the P release was inhibited. Moreover, P was rapidly transferred to the new enriched solution after the P was recovered, and PAOs restored its capability of P uptake/release. In addition, 31P-NMR analysis demonstrated that EPS played a major role in PAOs compared to cell, and inorganic phosphorus (IP) played an essential role in the uptake/release of P compared to organic phosphorus (OP). Furthermore, the microbiological analysis showed that Candidatus Accumulibacter was positively correlated with AHLs (P < 0.05). This study provided essential support for clarifying the P metabolism mechanism of PAOs. [Display omitted] • The 169.2 mg/L phosphorus concentration was obtained under 200 mg/L COD. • The increase of metal ions stimulated the release of AHLs. • The AHLs-guided quorum sensing enhanced phosphorus storage of PAOs. • Increased phosphorus content in biofilm shifted the metabolic model of PAOs. • The HAP and struvite were involved in phosphorus uptake/release process by PAOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant food by-products are often characterized by a tight matrix of insoluble polysaccharides entrapping bioactive functional molecules. In this study, we investigated the impact of black currant pomace (BC), red cabbage waste (RC) and their water-insoluble fraction (IBC and IRC, respectively) on the formation of Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation products during thermal treatment of potato-based fried crisps. Results showed that the substitution of 20% potato flake with IBC and IRC significantly reduced the formation of acrylamide (14.7%–66.3%) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (15.9%–55.4%). This can be explained both by the inhibition of Maillard reaction by plant polyphenols and by the decrease of asparagine and reducing sugars concentration due to the partial replacement of potato flakes. On the opposite, the addition of BC and RC promoted acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation, which is related to the high amount of reducing carbohydrate in BC and RC. Besides the higher recoveries of extractable polyphenols in IBC- and IRC-enriched crisps, all the four ingredients significantly inhibited the accumulation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, malondialdehyde and acrolein. These findings highlighted that the elimination of water-soluble compounds is a potential strategy for using plants by-products as efficient ingredients in fried products to limit the formation of processing contaminants. [Display omitted] • The addition of BC and RC increases the formation of acrylamide and HMF in crisps. • The addition of IBC and IRC reduces the formation of acrylamide and HMF in crisps. • IBC shows the highest inhibition on the accumulation of aldehydes in crisps. • IBC and IRC contribute to higher recovery of polyphenols in crisps than BC and RC. • Plant by-product should be carefully used as functional ingredients in fried foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monascus red pigments (MRPs), natural food colorants from microorganisms, are widely used in the food industry but are not very stable during storage and processing. Therefore, this study aims to microencapsulate MRPs using an emulsification/internal gelation technique to improve the stability. The highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 70.32% ± 0.28% was achieved when the percentage of NaCl in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was 0.88%, the mass ratio of CaCO 3 to NaAlg was 3.13, and the molar ratio of calcium to acid was 4.15. Spray-dried MRPs microcapsules had a smaller average diameter (D [4,3] ≈ 3 μm) with a smooth surface and spherical shape. Moreover, the stability assays revealed that spray-dried MRPs microcapsules processed higher retention rate, especially under the treatments of heating, light and in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The spray-dried MRPs microcapsules exhibited the lowest degradation constant and longest half-life compared with free MRPs and freeze-dried MRPs microcapsules. These results demonstrated that combining emulsification/internal gelation with spray-drying is feasible for enhancing the stability of MRPs to broad its further application in the food industry. • Microencapsulation of MRPs using an emulsification/internal gelation technique. • The encapsulation efficiency is 70.32% ± 0.28% after process optimization. • MRP microcapsules are successfully obtained by spray/freeze-drying. • Freeze-dried MRP microcapsules have a smooth surface and smaller particle size. • Microencapsulation with freeze-drying increased the stability and half-life of MRPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new salts with ambroxol moieties, namely, n[H AX ]+ n RT – H 2 O (RT ​= ​ MBS (n ​= ​2, 1) and SBS (n ​= ​ 1 , 2)) [ AX ​= ​4-((2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino) cyclohexan-1-ol, MBS ​= ​ p -toluenesulfonic acid, SBS ​= ​sulfosalicylic acid], which were obtained through the mixture of AX and two phenyl sulfonic acid, respectively. The emission peaks located at 526 and 471 ​nm can be observed for compounds 1 and 2 in the solid state at room temperature, respectively. Compared with the AX itself, the red-shifted values can be observed to be 140 and 85 ​nm for compounds 1 and 2 , respectively, revealing that the luminescent maxima are proportional to the intermolecular stacking distances. The decay lifetimes of AX , 1 and 2 can be found to be 0.643, 0.671 and 0.589 ns, respectively. Additionally, the quantum yields of 14.7%, 1.2% and 37.1%, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were structurally characterized by X–ray single crystal diffraction, EA, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectra. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that there exists an order of packing distances, which is in a good agreement with that of luminescent maxima. The results calculated by Hirshfeld surface show that the close contacts of C⋯H/H⋯C can be responsible for the luminescent behaviors. The O⋯H/H⋯O close contacts can account for the melting points of compounds. Additionally, the thermal properties for compounds 1 and 2 have been discussed in detail. Two new salts with ambroxol moieties, namely, n[H AX ]+ n Y – H 2 O (Y ​= ​ MBS (n ​= ​2, 1) and SBS (n ​= ​1, 2)), which were obtained through the mixture of AX and two phenyl sulfonic acid, respectively. The emission peaks located at 526 and 471 ​nm can be observed for compounds 1 and 2 in the solid state at room temperature, respectively. Compared with the AX itself, the red-shifted values can be observed to be 140 and 85 ​nm for compounds 1 and 2 , respectively, revealing that the luminescent maxima are proportional to the intermolecular stacking distances. Compounds 1 and 2 were structurally characterized by X–ray single crystal diffraction, EA, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectra. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the order of packing distances is in a good agreement with that of luminescent maxima. The close contacts of C⋯H/H⋯C can be responsible for the luminescent behaviors. The O⋯H/H⋯O close contacts can account for the melting points of compounds. [Display omitted] • Two new ambroxol-based salts have been prepared. • The luminescent properties can be tuned through the packing interactions. • The emission peaks are proportional to the H⋯C/C⋯H close interactions. • The melting points are in a good accordance with the contacts of H⋯O/O⋯H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new salts with ambroxol moieties, namely, [H AX ]+ TR – nH 2 O (TR ​= ​ OA (n ​= ​0 (1), PA (n ​= ​1) (2)) [ AX ​= ​4-((2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino) cyclohexan-1-ol, OA ​= ​ o -chloro-benzoic acid, PA ​= ​ p -chloro-benzoic acid], were obtained by the reaction of AX and two organic aromatic acids, respectively. The emission maxima can be found at 467 and 475 ​nm for compounds 1 and 2 in the solid state at room temperature, respectively. Compared with the free AX , the red-shifted values are about 81 and 89 ​nm for compounds 1 and 2 , respectively, indicating that the emission maxima are proportional to the intermolecular packing interactions. Compounds 1 and 2 were structurally characterized by X–ray single crystal diffraction, EA, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectra. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the order of π⋯π stacking interactions is consistent with that of luminescent peaks. The Hirshfeld surface analysis confirm that the H⋯H and C⋯H/H⋯C close contacts can account for the luminescent behaviors. The close contacts of Br⋯H/H⋯Br, O⋯H/H⋯O and Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl can be responsible for the melting points of both compounds. Additionally, the thermal properties for compounds 1 and 2 have been discussed in detail. Two new salts containing ambroxol have been prepared and characterized by X–ray single crystal diffraction, EA, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectra. The emission maxima can be found at 467 and 475 ​nm for compounds 1 and 2 in the solid state at room temperature, respectively. Compared with the free ambroxol, the red-shifted values are about 81 and 89 ​nm for compounds 1 and 2 , respectively, indicating that the emission maxima are proportional to the intermolecular packing interactions. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the order of π⋯π stacking interactions is consistent with that of luminescent peaks. The Hirshfeld surface analyses confirm that the H⋯H and C⋯H/H⋯C close contacts can account for the luminescent behaviors. The close contacts of Br⋯H/H⋯Br, O⋯H/H⋯O and Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl can be responsible for the melting points of both compounds. [Display omitted] • Two new salts with ambroxol have been prepared. • The luminescent properties can be mediated by the packing interactions. • The emission peaks are proportional to the H⋯H close interactions. • The emission bands are inverse proportional to H⋯C/C⋯H close contacts. • The melting points are in a good accordance with the contacts of H ... X/X ... H (X ​= ​O, Br and Cl). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective immune response plays a key role in the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the specific role of innate immune response in the clearance of virus is still unclear. Here we investigated the effect of TLR4 signaling on the proliferation and differentiation of CD11b+ myeloid cells, which contributes to virus clearance. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide by intraperitoneal injection. Hydrodynamic injection (HI) was performed to establish HBV-replicated mice. The viremia was monitored. The immune cells were isolated from liver and spleen of the mice. The proliferation and differentiation of CD11b+ myeloid cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The changes of CD11b+ myeloid cells and its role in virus clearance during HBV infection after LPS stimulation were analyzed. LPS stimulation induced the proliferation of CD11b+ myeloid cells which differentiated into neutrophils and inflammatory mononuclear macrophages. The expression of F4/80 protein on the surface of mononuclear macrophages in the liver of LPS-stimulated mice was significantly lower than that of control. It indicated that intrahepatic Kupffer cells were significantly decreased in the LPS-stimulated mice, which promoted the clearance of virus. LPS stimulation induces the proliferation of CD11b+ myeloid cells that differentiate into inflammatory neutrophils and monocytes, which inhibits HBV replication. And the decrease of intrahepatic Kupffer cells also contributes to the clearance of HBV during HBV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heterocycle 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (bptd) as a polydentate reacts with CoCl 2 ∙6H 2 O and NiCl 2 · 6H 2 O to form two novel monomeric complexes, [Co(bptd) 2 Cl 2 ]∙4H 2 O (1) and [Ni(bptd) 2 Cl 2 ]∙4H 2 O (2). The complex 1 can act as electron cocatalyst to improve the rate of hydrogen evolution of CdS NRs under visible light irradiation. After the introduction of cobalt lactate complex as a hole cocatalyst, this noble-metal-free system exhibited a hydrogen evolution rate of 1123 ​μmol ​h−1, which is 12.2 times higher than that of pure CdS NRs. This system could work for 50 ​h with a TON of 7490, and the average AQY is 17% at 420 ​nm. Based on the results of experiments, the synergistic effect of complex 1 and cobalt lactate complex is proved and a possible mechanism for hydrogen production is proposed. This work may provide a reference for remedying the defects of faster carrier recombination and photocorrosion of CdS in heterogeneous environment. [Display omitted] • A mononuclear complex was synthesized and used as an electron cocatalyst for H 2 evolution in a noble-metal-free system. • This system exhibits an average H 2 evolution rate of 1123 ​μmol ​h−1, which is 12.2 times higher than that of pure CdS NRs. • This system can work for 50 ​h with a TON of 7490. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the influence of a static magnetic field (SMF) on a Chlorella vulgaris-Bacillus licheniformis consortium and the subsequent effect of this algal-bacterial consortium on sewage treatment were explored. Accordingly, the algal density, Fv/Fm, algal aggregation percentage, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content, dissolved organic matter distribution, enzymatic activity, metabolites, microbial community diversity and nutrient removal were investigated. For the treatment group exposed to an SMF of 150 mT, the total phosphorus removal rate reached 82.21%, which was 19.10% higher than the control group. On the last day, the algal density of the 150 mT group was the highest, being 56.01% greater than the control group. The high intensity SMF promoted the anti-oxidative stress response in C. vulgaris. It also affected EPS secretion, subsequently influencing the algal aggregation percentage and bacterial growth. Bacillus accounted for the largest proportion of the overall microbial community in the 150 mT group, which was conducive to rapid formation of the C. vulgaris-B. licheniformis consortium. In short, the SMF was conducive to the rapid formation of a C. vulgaris - B. licheniformis consortium. The use of an SMF can promote the efficiency of the algal-bacterial consortium, thereby shortening the processing time. [Display omitted] • A static magnetic field accelerated P removal by an algal-bacterial consortium. • A static magnetic field promoted the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. • The static magnetic field notably impacted microbial diversity and dominant strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microporous indium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [(CH 3) 2 NH 2 ] 2 [In 2 (H 3 L) 2 (OX)]·3DMF·2H 2 O (JOU-23) (H 3 L ​= ​terphenyl-3, 4′, 5-tricarboxylic acid; OX ​= ​oxalic acid), have been solvothermal synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction show that JOU-23 displays three-dimensional anionic framework with 2-fold interpenetrated nets and rare topology. Due to its anionic and porous framework, JOU-23 can be developed for effective absorbing and separating cationic organic dyes. Further studies reveal that both the charge and size of dye molecules would affect the dyes' absorption and separation. In addition, JOU-23 dispersed in dimethyl formamide shows strong emission at about 364 ​nm. Thus, it was developed as an efficient fluorescent sensor for probing Fe3+ ions and nitroaromatic compounds. The detection limit of Fe3+ is as low as 2 ​× ​10−6 ​M (K SV ​= ​59,755 ​M−1), which is excellent in MOFs fluorescent probe. At the same time, JOU-23 shows widespread sensing performance to nitroaromatic compounds. Especially, the detection ability of JOU-23 for nitrobenzene (NB) is good. Although the NB concentration reaches only 4.175 ​× ​10−5 ​M, the quenching efficiency can achieve 86.4%. Further studies show that the quenching performance of JOU-23 is mainly attributed to the competition of excitation light absorption and the absorption of emission light by measured objects. These results indicate that JOU-23 can be applied as a multifunctional material for organic dyes adsorption/separation, Fe3+ ions detection, and nitroaromatic compounds sensing. A microporous anionic 2-fold interpenetrated In(III)-MOF has been synthesized and developed as multifunctional materials for organic dyes adsorption/separation and fluorescent sensitization of Fe3+ ions and nitroaromatic compounds. [Display omitted] • A microporous In-MOF with 2-fold interpenetrated anionic framework has been solvothermal synthesized. • JOU-23 represents a rare (3,6)-connected topology with the Schläfli symbol of (4·62) 2 (42·610·83). • JOU-23 can selective absorption and chromatographic separation of cationic dyes. • JOU-23 has been utilized as an efficient fluorescence "turn-off" sensor for probing Fe3+ ions and nitroaromatic molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pure CNCs show a very good microwave absorption performance under a filling ratio of 6%. • The coating of N -doped carbon layers on CNCs further enhance the microwave absorption intensity. • The uniform anchoring of Co nanoparticles improves the low frequency absorption performance. Surface modification and composition control for nanomaterials are effective strategies for designing high-performance microwave absorbing materials (MWAMs). Herein, we have successfully fabricated Co-anchored and N -doped carbon layers on the surfaces of helical carbon nanocoils (CNCs) by wet chemical and pyrolysis methods, denoted as Co@ N -Carbon/CNCs. It is found that pure CNCs show a very good microwave absorption performance under a filling ratio of only 6%, which is attributed to the uniformly dispersed conductive network and the cross polarization induced by the unique chiral and spiral morphology. The coating of N -doped carbon layers on CNCs further enriches polarization losses and the uniform anchoring of Co nanoparticles in these layers generates magnetic losses, which enhance the absorption ability and improve the low frequency performance. As compared with the pure CNCs-filling samples, the optimized Co@ N -Carbon/CNCs-2.4 enhances the absorption capacity in the lower frequency range under the same thickness, and realizes the decreased thickness from 3.2 to 2.8 mm in the same X band, as well as the decreased thickness from 2.2 to 1.9 mm in the Ku band. Resultantly, a specific effective absorption wave value of 22 GHz g−1 mm−1 has been achieved, which enlightens the synthesis of ultrathin and light high-performance MWAMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow heterostructured TiO 2 @In 2 S 3 photocatalyst was synthesized through combining carbon sphere hard template method and hydrothermal vulcanization method and exhibited excellent CO 2 photoreduction activity and durability due to the rich interfaces between nanosized TiO 2 and In 2 S 3 , enriched surface oxygen vacancies and spatial confinement effect. [Display omitted] Solar energy driving CO 2 reduction is a potential strategy that not only mitigates the greenhouse effect caused by high CO 2 level in atmosphere, but also yields carbon chemicals/fuels at the same time. Herein, a facile way to design the heterogeneous TiO 2 @In 2 S 3 hollow structures possessing robust light harvesting in both ultraviolet and visible regions is proposed and exhibits a higher generation rate of 25.35 and 1.24 μmol·g−1·h−1 for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to CO and CH 4 , respectively. The excellent photocatalytic catalytic performance comes from i) the confined heterostructured TiO 2 @In 2 S 3 possesses a suitable band structure and a broadband-light absorbing capacity for CO 2 photoreduction, ii) the rich interfaces between nanosized TiO 2 and In 2 S 3 on the shell can significantly reduce the diffusion length of carriers and enhance the utilization efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and iii) enriched surface oxygen vacancies can provide more active sites for CO 2 adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biodegradable hollow mesoporous Fe/HMnO 2 @DOX-GOD@HA nanoreactor was constructed for GSH-responsive MR imaging, chemotherapy and enhanced bimetallic CDT by self-supplying O 2 /H 2 O 2. [Display omitted] As an endogenous catalytic treatment, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) was attracting considerable attention, but the weak catalytic efficiency of Fenton agents and the non-degradation of nanocarriers severely limited its development. In this work, a biodegradable bimetallic nanoreactor was developed for boosting CDT, in which Fe-doped hollow mesoporous manganese dioxide (HMnO 2) was selected as nanocarrier, and the Fe/HMnO 2 @DOX-GOD@HA nanoprobe was constructed by loading doxorubicin (DOX) and modifying glucose oxidase (GOD) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The glutathione (GSH) responsive degradation of HMnO 2 promoted the release of DOX, by which the release rate significantly increased to 96.6%. Moreover, by the GSH depletion, the reduction of Mn2+/Fe2+ achieved strong bimetallic Fenton efficiency, and the hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generation was further enhanced using the self-supplying H 2 O 2 of GOD. Through the active targeting recognition of HA, the bimetallic nanoreactor significantly enriched the tumor accumulation, by which the enhanced antitumor efficacy was realized. Thus, this work developed biodegradable bimetallic nanoreactor by consuming GSH and self-supplying H 2 O 2 , and provided a new paradigm for enhancing CDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-resource automatic speech recognition is a challenging task. To resolve this issue, multilingual meta-learning learns a better model initialization from many source languages, allowing for rapid adaption to target languages. However, differences in data scales and learning difficulties vary greatly from one language to another. As a result, the model favors large-scale and simple source languages. Moreover, the shared semantic space of various languages is difficult to learn due to a lack of restrictions on multilingual pre-training. In this paper, we propose a meta adversarial learning approach to address this problem. The meta-learner will be guided to learn language-independent information by using an adversarial auxiliary objective of language identification, which makes the shared semantic space more compact and improves model generalization. Additionally, we optimize adversarial training using Wasserstein distance and temporal normalization, enabling more stable and simple training. Experiment results on IARPA BABEL and OpenSLR show a significant performance improvement. It also outperforms state-of-the-art results by a large margin in all target languages, and especially in few-shot settings. Finally, we demonstrate how our method is superior by using t-SNE visualization. • Multilingual meta-learning ignore the imbalance problem across source languages. • Meta adversarial learning can build a more compact semantic space and improves the generalization capability of the model. • Optimized adversarial learning will be more stable by using Wasserstein distance and temporal normalization. • Experiments on target languages verify the effectiveness of meta adversarial learning, especially in very low-resource setting. • Experiments analysis shows the principle and superiority of meta adversarial learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Heteroatom doping is a possible way to regulate the catalytic capability of electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This work focuses on the development of bimetallic Cobalt-Iron sulfide ultrathin nanosheets supported on the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) catalyst as efficient HER electrocatalysts (CoS 2 /FeS 2 /CN) with good stability at wide pH value. The ultrathin nanosheet exposes more active sites and enhances the catalyst activity. Electrochemical experiments demonstrate that adding g-C 3 N 4 and Fe to CoS 2 increases its catalytic activity and stability. Furthermore, g-C 3 N 4 and Fe co-doped with CoS 2 can modulate electronic structures on the interface. The CoS 2 /FeS 2 /CN exhibits outstanding HER performance, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with overpotentials of only 76.5 mV in an acidic solution and 175.6 mV in an alkaline solution. It also demonstrates exceptional durability, superior to commercial platinum/carbon catalysts. This work introduces a promising approach for designing low-cost, high-performance HER electrocatalysts with a wide pH range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A glucose oxidase-mimicking and peroxidase-mimicking dual-nanozymes catalytic cascade system with the capabilities of reshaping the pathological microenvironments of diabetic wound via glucose consumption and acidification is constructed for antibacterial and accelerating wound healing. [Display omitted] Diabetes-related chronic wounds characterized by hyperglycemia and weak alkaline milieu provide numerous advantages for bacteria growth and biofilm formation, setting a myriad of stumbling blocks for wound healing. Therefore, reshaping the spatially and temporally pathological wound microenvironment against bacterial infection is critical to rescue stalled healing progress in diabetes-related chronic wounds. Herein, we demonstrate on the room-temperature construction of a glucose oxidase (GOx)-mimicking and peroxidase (POD)-mimicking dual-nanozymes catalytic cascade system upon the partial reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and the deposition of Au nanoparticles, simultaneously. The as-prepared dual-nanozymes catalytic cascade system possesses the capabilities of reshaping the pathological microenvironments of diabetic wound via glucose consumption and acidification, leading to amplified catalytic cascade activities for sterilization. On the one hand, the GOx-mimicking enzymatic activity of the catalytic cascade system can not only deplete glucose and acidize wound milieu to inhibit bacteria growth, but also utilize the weak alkaline milieu of diabetic wound to provide sufficient H 2 O 2 and a favorable pH for subsequent OH generation. On the other hand, the POD-mimicking enzymatic activity of the catalytic cascade system can continuously produce OH for sterilization under the weak acidic milieu in the presence of abundant H 2 O 2. Benefiting from the simply and mild preparation process and the excellent dual-nanozymes catalytic cascade activities under the deliberate evolved milieus of diabetes-related chronic wounds, our catalytic cascade system exhibits the promising healing effect and clinical translation potential against diabetic wound infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Magnetic fields have a minor effect on the early development of zebrafish. • Moderate static magnetic fields enhance the inflammatory responses in zebrafish. • Ultrahigh magnetic fields have little effect on inflammatory response of zebrafish. • Magnetic fields may affect the immune function of zebrafish by regulating melatonin. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely applied in medical diagnosis due to its excellent non-invasiveness. With the increasing intensity of static magnetic field (SMF), the safety assessment of MRI has been ongoing. In this study, zebrafish larvae were exposed to SMFs of 0.4, 3.0, and 9.4 T for 2 h (h), and we found that there was no significant difference in the number of spontaneous tail swings, heart rate, and body length of zebrafish larvae in the treatment groups. The expression of development-related genes shha, pygo1, mylz3 and runx2b in the three SMF groups was almost not significantly different from the control group. Behavior tests unveiled a notable reduction in both the average speed and duration of high-speed movements in zebrafish larvae across all three SMF groups. In addition, the 0.4 and 3.0 T SMFs increased the migration of neutrophils in caudal fin injury, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also increased. To explore the mechanism of SMFs on zebrafish immune function, this study utilized aanat 2−/− mutant fish to demonstrate the effect of melatonin (MT) involvement in SMFs on zebrafish immune function. This study provides experimental data for understanding the effects of SMFs on organisms, and also provides a new insight for exploring the relationship between magnetic fields and immune function. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to assess the role of soil organic matter on retaining plastic additives, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Bisphenol A (BPA) and Benzophenone (BP), to postulate the retention mechanisms and mobility in soil. Batch experiments were conducted for red yellow podzolic soil (OM) and soil subjected to high temperature oxidation at 600 °C for 2 h to remove total organic matter (OMR). Pristine soil, which contains organic matter abbreviated as OM (soil with organic matter) whereas total organic matter removed soil is abbreviated as OMR (organic matter removed soil). The pH edge and kinetic experiments were conducted with 20 g/L soil suspension spiked with 10 mg/L of each additive, whereas 1–20 mg/L concentration range was used in isotherm experiments and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. DEHP demonstrated the highest retention, 331 and 615.16 mg/kg in OM and OMR soils respectively, at pH 6.6. However, BPA and BP showed highest retentions of 132 and 128 mg/kg, respectively around pH 4.3 in pristine soil. DEHP interaction with soil OM indicated weak physical bonding whereas chemisorption to OMR soil. In the case of BPA, physisorption governed its interaction with both soil organic matter and mineral fraction. Nevertheless, BP demonstrated chemical interactions with OM and minerals. Desorption of DEHP was close to 100% however, BPA and BP were <15%. Overall, DEHP and BPA could be easily released into soil water and possibly be available for plant uptake while, BP is immobilized in soil. [Display omitted] • Role of soil organic matter on retaining plastic additives DEHP, BPA and BP was investigated. • DEHP indicated rapid adsorption than BPA and BP despite the presence of organic matter. • BPA formed weak bonding with soil OM and the mineral fraction. • BP demonstrated strong chemical interactions with soil organic matter and minerals. • DEHP and BPA could be easily released into soil water and BP is immobilized in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] NO 3 − is a common water pollutant that can serve as a potential nitrogen source for electrocatalytic NH 3 production. However, an efficient and complete removal of low NO 3 − concentrations remains a challenge. Fe 1 Cu 2 @MXene bimetallic catalysts were constructed on two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene carriers via a simple solution-based synthetic method and used for the electrocatalytic reduction of NO 3 −. The combination of the rich functional groups, high electronic conductivity on the MXene surface, and the synergistic effect between the Cu and Fe sites enabled the composite to effectively catalyse NH 3 synthesis, with a 98% conversion of NO 3 − in 8 h and a selectivity for NH 3 of up to 99.6%. In addition, Fe 1 Cu 2 @MXene showed excellent environmental and cyclic stability at various pH values and temperatures over multiple (14) cycles. Semiconductor analysis techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the synergistic effect provided by the dual active sites of the bimetallic catalyst enabled fast electron transport. This study provides new insights into the synergistic promotion of NO 3 − reduction reactions using bimetals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Interactions forces of bubbles and asphaltenes in aqueous solutions were quantified. • Surface forces of bubbles and oil droplets with asphaltenes were measured. • Hydrophobic interactions drive attachment of bubbles and oil droplets with asphaltenes. • High salinity condition facilitates attachment of bubbles and oil droplets with asphaltenes. • The presence of surfactants hinders attachment of bubbles and oil droplets with asphaltenes. Surface interactions of bubbles and oil with interface-active species like asphaltenes influence many interfacial phenomena in various engineering processes. It holds both fundamental and practical significance to quantitatively characterize these interactions. The surface forces of air bubbles, asphaltenes and asphaltenes-toluene droplets in various aqueous solutions have been quantified using an integrated thin film drainage apparatus and an atomic force microscope coupled with bubble probe. The effects of asphaltenes concentration, pH, salinity, Ca2+ ions and surfactants have been examined. Hydrophobic interaction drives attachment of bubbles and asphaltenes surfaces or oil droplets under high salinity condition. Increasing asphaltenes concentration in oil droplets enhances their hydrophobic attraction with bubbles due to strengthened asphaltenes adsorption and aggregation at oil–water interface. Increasing pH weakens the hydrophobic interaction as oil surfaces become more negatively charged and less hydrophobic. Under low salinity condition, strong electrical double layer and van der Waals repulsion inhibits the bubble-oil droplet contact. Introducing Ca2+ ions and surfactants leads to strong steric repulsion, preventing bubble-oil contact. This research has advanced our mechanistic understanding of how bubbles and oil droplets interact in aqueous systems and offers useful insights to modulate such interactions in oil production, water treatment and other interfacial processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Alongside the rapid development of detection systems and improved detection accuracy, infrared/radar-compatible stealth materials have become the emphasis of current stealth technology research. Versatile flower-like Ni particles/silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NWs) composites for infrared radar stealth compatibility have been successfully prepared. Due to its special microstructure in combination with the multiple loss mechanisms of dielectric and magnetic, the minimum reflection loss (RL min) achievable with the paraffin matrix mixture is −49.26 dB at a composite content of 50 wt%, which has a thickness of 1.9 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.85 GHz. By increasing the absorbent content to 60 wt%, the EAB in the Ku band can attain 5.0 GHz at 1.8 mm thickness. Petal-shaped Ni particles are introduced to improve the impedance matching characteristics, increase interfacial polarisation and multiple scattering of electromagnetic (EM) wave, and enhance the microwave absorption properties. Simultaneously, the pure SiC NWs material can protect against infrared radiation emitted from the hand for more than 15 min, and the infrared (IR) reflectivity is improved in all three bands after the composite metal Ni particles. A novel formulation guide for the design of versatile and high-performance EM wave absorbing and infrared stealth materials is provided by this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

n-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in glyceride form have attracted much attention due to their nutritional value and high bioavailability. In this work, Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TL 100 L) was used to selectively hydrolyze tuna oil for preparing glycerides enriched with n-3 LC-PUFAs. Effects of reaction variables on the hydrolysis reaction were optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 54 °C, enzyme load 3%, reaction time 6 h, mass ratio of water to tuna oil 1.5:1. Under these conditions, the resulting degree of hydrolysis was 55.01%, and the total content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the glyceride fraction was found to be 46.39%. The final product was mainly composed of diacylglycerols (53.93%) and triacylglycerols (34.58%) after removal of the free fatty acids. This paper provides a simple and suitable method for industrial production of glycerides enriched with n-3 LC-PUFAs. • n-3 LC-PUFA glycerides were enriched by selective hydrolysis using lipase TL 100 L. • The reaction conditions of hydrolysis were optimized by RSM. • The total content of EPA and DHA after selective hydrolysis was increased to 46.39%. • The main products after removing FFA were DAG (53.93%) and TAG (34.58%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The prevention of calcite aggregation and scaling remains a challenging problem in aqueous based systems and environmental science. Decades of research studies have proposed microscopic mechanisms of aggregation control, but experiments at the nanoscale and molecular level are rarely conducted. Here we show that the nanoscale topographic features of calcite during its aggregation depend significantly on the intermolecular and surface forces involved in this process. By measuring the forces between a calcite or silica particle and a calcite surface in aqueous solutions using atomic force microscopy, we found that higher solution pH and inhibitor concentration and lower salinity resulted in a system of stronger repulsion and weaker adhesion, which is favorable for reducing the possibility of calcite aggregation and surface deposition. Conflicting roles of Mg2+ in calcite aggregation prevention, being positive in acidic pH and negative in alkaline pH, were also observed. The nanoscale structural changes of calcite, visualized by atomic force microscopy or scanning electron microscopy, indicated a size dependence of aggregated and deposited calcite crystals on the calcite-calcite and calcite-silica interactions, respectively. The generalized framework of the calcite aggregation mechanism achieved in this work can be extended to other types of systems and provides a basis for investigating the anti-aggregation strategy of calcite from industrial and environmental perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Photoreduction of CO 2 to value-added chemicals and fuels is an attractive solution to alleviate environmental problems and energy crisis at the same time. However, engineering efficient photocatalysts with high activity and product selectivity is still challenging. Herein, we achieved three-dimensional (3D) spatial configuration design at micro-scale and heterogeneous interface construction at nano-scale on a SnS 2 /SnO 2 composite, which featured hierarchical flower-like morphology consisted of nanosheets and type-II semiconductor structure. It behaved excellent selectivity and impressive photocatalytic CO 2 -to-CO performance with a yielding rate of 60.85 μmol g-1h−1, roughly 3 times higher than that of SnS 2 and was in the front rank of this kind catalysts under 300 W Xe lamp illumination without using any sensitizers or noble metals. The enhanced catalytic capability could be attributed to the elaborately built structure with suitable energetic position that afforded effective separation and migration of photo-generated electron/hole pairs as well as enhanced light caption and absorption. Meanwhile, main reactive intermediates (e.g., CO 2 – and *COOH) were captured by in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), suggesting a fluent catalytic pathway on the SnS 2 /SnO 2 platform. This work provides a new scheme to build advanced catalysts based on multiscale design and rational phase assembling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The O-deficit SiC-Co 3 O 4 -CuFe 2 O 4 surface area available for gas–solid reactions exhibited high oxidation potential and remarkably CO 2 -splitting capacities with a total CO yield of 1919.33 µmol/g at 1300 °C. The significance of exploiting the synergy between CuFe 2 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 layers provided fundamental insights useful for the solar thermochemical process. [Display omitted] CO 2 -splitting and thermochemical energy conversion effectiveness are still challenged by the selectivity of metal/metal oxide-based redox materials and associated chemical reaction constraints. This study proposed an interface/substrate engineering approach for improving CO 2 -splitting and thermochemical energy conversion through CuFe 2 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 two-layer coating SiC. The newly prepared material reactive surface area available for gas–solid reactions is characterized by micro-pores CuFe 2 O 4 alloy easing inter-layer oxygen micro mass exchanges across a highly stable SiC-Co 3 O 4 layer. Through a thermogravimetry analysis, oxidation of the thermally activated oxygen carriers exhibited remarkably CO 2 -splitting capacities with a total CO yield of 1919.33 µmol/g at 1300 °C. The further analysis of the material CO 2 -splitting performance at the reactor scale resulted in 919.04 mL (788.94 µmol/g) of CO yield with an instantaneous CO production rate of 22.52 mL/min and chemical energy density of 223.37 kJ/kg at 1000 °C isothermal redox cycles. The reaction kinetic behavior indicated activation energy of 30.65 kJ/mol, which suggested faster CO 2 activation and oxidation kinetic on SiC-Co 3 O 4 -CuFe 2 O 4 O-deficit surfaces. The underlying mechanism for the remarkable thermochemical performances was analyzed by combining experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The significance of exploiting the synergy between CuFe 2 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 layers and stoichiometric reaction characteristics provided fundamental insights useful for the theoretical modeling and practical application of the solar thermochemical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefiting from Ni can provide excellent hydrogen adsorption free energy and tungsten has ideal hydroxide adsorption free energy, the designed Janus Ni/W bimetallic materials can provide remarkable HER/HOR activity. [Display omitted] The development of hydrogen energy is limited by the high cost of platinum group metals (PGM). There is an urgent need to design efficient PGM-free electrocatalysts in the hydrogen electrode. Herein, Janus Ni/W bimetallic materials are proposed as an effective PGM-free bifunctional hydrogen electrocatalyst. By constructing the bimetallic materials, a synergistic effect is realized to enhance the reaction kinetics and improve the catalytic performance. In general, Ni can provide excellent H ad sites, and W serves as OH ad sites. Therefore, the synergistic effect of Ni and W can improve the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction and the hydroxide oxidation reaction. Ni/W@NF can obtain the hydrogen evolution reaction current density of 10 mA cm−2 with an overpotential of only 62.6 mV, and the exchange current density of hydroxide oxidation reaction can reach 1.83 mA cm−2. This work provides a new idea for the design of high-efficiency and low-cost PGM-free bifunctional hydrogen electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of different carbon-based additives including biochar, woody peat, and glucose on humic acid, fulvic acid, and phosphorus fractions in chicken manure composting and its potential for phosphorus mobilization in soil. The results showed that the addition of glucose effectively increased the total humic substance content (90.2 mg/g) of composts, and the fulvic acid content was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). The addition of biochar could effectively improve the content of available phosphorus by 59.9% in composting. The addition of carbon-based materials to the composting was beneficial for the production of more stable inorganic phosphorus in the phosphorus fraction. The highest proportion of soluble inorganic phosphorus components of sodium hydroxide was found in group with woody peat addition (8.7%) and the highest proportion of soluble inorganic phosphorus components of hydrochloric acid was found in group with glucose addition (35.2%). The compost products with the addition of biochar (humic acid decreased by 17.9%) and woody peat (fulvic acid decreased by 72.6%) significantly increased soil humic acid mineralization. The compost products with the addition of biochar was suitable as active phosphate fertilizer, while the compost products with the addition of glucose was suitable as slow-release phosphate fertilizer. • The carbon-based materials influenced the humic acid and phosphorus in composting. • Effects of compost products on soil humic acid and phosphorus fractions were studied. • The total humic substance of group with glucose addition were highest in composting. • Compost products with glucose were conductive to slow-release of soil phosphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Series of coumarin-based KRAS-G12C inhibitors were found through Virtual Screening and Rational Structural Optimization. • K45 displayed potent activity and selectivity against KRAS mutant cells. • K45 inhibited active KRAS, p-ERK and p-AKT in KRAS-G12C mutant cells. • K45 induced apoptosis by increasing the expression BAD and BAX in H23 cells. KRAS-G12C inhibitors has been made significant progress in the treatment of KRAS-G12C mutant cancers, but their clinical application is limited due to the adaptive resistance, motivating development of novel structural inhibitors. Herein, series of coumarin derivatives as KRAS-G12C inhibitors were found through virtual screening and rational structural optimization. Especially, K45 exhibited strong antiproliferative potency on NCI-H23 and NCI-H358 cancer cells harboring KRAS-G12C with the IC 50 values of 0.77 μM and 1.50 μM, which was 15 and 11 times as potent as positive drug ARS1620, respectively. Furthermore, K45 reduced the phosphorylation of KRAS downstream effectors ERK and AKT by reducing the active form of KRAS (KRAS GTP) in NCI-H23 cells. In addition, K45 induced cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BAD and BAX in NCI-H23 cells. Docking studies displayed that the 3-naphthylmethoxy moiety of K45 extended into the cryptic pocket formed by the residues Gln99 and Val9, which enhanced the interaction with the KRAS-G12C protein. These results indicated that K45 was a potent KRAS-G12C inhibitor worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]