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The article presents the discussion on 2023 ANZCA Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) was held on 5–9 May 2023 in Sydney, Australia.

A correction is presented to the article "ANZCA Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) Faculty of Pain Medicine (FPM) Best Free Paper Award Session Abstracts" published in November 29, 2022 issue.

In recent years, researchers in the "psychedelic renaissance" have been reinvestigating the therapeutic potential of psychedelic compounds for conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder, clinical anxiety/depression, and addiction. Each of these has treatment-resistant cases, sometimes decades in the making, but studies employing psychedelics to address them are yielding impressive results. Given the evolving legal situation around these substances as well as corporate investment in them, their availability and appeal promise to increase. The question facing Christians is: How do these developments impact the theological significance of psychedelics as a broader phenomenon? This paper argues that since the population standing to benefit from these treatments is likely to include Christians, a thoughtful and rigorous response is necessary. The inquiry proceeds by analyzing some of the pertinent research, showing the insufficiency of previous Christian responses, and considering some hurdles and objections before issuing a call to theologize on this timely and important cultural moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of military Graduate Medical Education (GME) remains in the discussion forefront as resources continue to face scrutiny along with military-specific obligation challenges. The Military Health System Quadruple Aim of Better Care, Better Health, Lower Cost, and Increased Readiness continues to drive debate of the right approach to both GME and Graduate Allied Health education. In this paper, we expand the discussion beyond traditional physician-focused GME and include the military's highly trained allied health specialists. Graduate Allied Health medical providers provide quality and effective medical care to the military's service members and dependents. These specialists also carry a significant deployment and operational medicine footprint complimenting core physician medical specialties delivering cost-efficient, optimal patient care and providing a ready force. This paper addresses GME and GAH interprofessionalism, institutional culture endorsement, patient safety, increasing demand, research productivity, and encouraging physician retention altogether benefiting the Military Health System. This institution's support for the interprofessional GME model works well, expanding physician and GAH specialists' professional application and knowledge while garnering mutual respect across all medical disciplines ultimately benefiting all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the more distinctive disabling illnesses common to certain parts of India is lymphatic filariasis. A mosquito-borne viral infection, filariasis often results in severely debilitating swellings and subsequent disability if undiagnosed and untreated, with significant social consequences. Elephantiasis has a unique trajectory in each individual living with it, and can be in equal parts chronic, latent, punctuated and disabling. When Europeans began exploring and eventually colonizing South Asia and the Caribbean, they were fascinated and repelled by this disease. This paper will explore the discourses of contagion and disability around lymphatic filariasis in the colony – and will track how this condition was produced as a racialized contagion. I begin by describing the broader histories of this disease, and how it came to be understood and represented in precolonial texts and art and move on to early modern travellers' descriptions of the disease. I then describe how biomedicine came to understand the disease, and how the filarial body was put on display as material representation of both contagion and disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to the special issue on well-being and health explores the ways that philosophical inquiry into well-being can play a productive role in understanding health and medicine. We offer an explanation of the concept of well-being, central theories of well-being, and how these key topics, along with other cutting-edge issues such as disability and cross-cultural reflections, can contribute to the discourse on the nature of health and medicine. We also provide brief overviews of the essays in this special issue and highlight the significant philosophical implications they have for understanding both well-being and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ChatGPT is a variant of the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) language model that uses large amounts of text-based training data and a transformer architecture to generate human-like text adjusted to the received prompts. ChatGPT presents several advantages in forensic sciences, namely, constituting a virtual assistant to aid lawyers, judges, and victims in managing and interpreting forensic expert data. But what would happen if ChatGPT began to be used to produce forensic expertise reports? Despite its potential applications, the use of ChatGPT and other Large Language Models and artificial intelligence tools in forensic writing also poses ethical and legal concerns, which are discussed in this perspective together with some expected future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about how employers interpret prestigious and non-prestigious credentials in professional recruitment, or how organizations shape and structure this process. Such research is needed to elucidate how employers and organizations contribute to stratification among professionals based on social class, especially since graduates of less selective schools tend to come from lower-SES backgrounds. Using data from a comparative ethnography of residency recruitment at two hospitals, I ask: 1) how do employers interpret prestigious and non-prestigious professional degrees in recruitment, and 2) how does organizational context influence how employers interpret these credentials? The findings add to a growing literature that focuses on qualitative differences between credentials to understand how employers make sense of elite and non-elite credentials within a single profession. The literature disagrees, however, about how employers interpret credentials. I reframe the debate to show that employers rely on combinations of interpretations in sequence, rather than finding evidence for one interpretation or another. I show how organizational context shapes these interpretations, with different employers interpreting the same credentials differently. The article also demonstrates that the order in which employers use different credential interpretations is heavily shaped by organizational status, with implications for inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Machine learning (ML) has the potential to facilitate "continual learning" in medicine, in which an ML system continues to evolve in response to exposure to new data over time, even after being deployed in a clinical setting. In this article, we provide a tutorial on the range of ethical issues raised by the use of such "adaptive" ML systems in medicine that have, thus far, been neglected in the literature.Target Audience: The target audiences for this tutorial are the developers of ML AI systems, healthcare regulators, the broader medical informatics community, and practicing clinicians.Scope: Discussions of adaptive ML systems to date have overlooked the distinction between 2 sorts of variance that such systems may exhibit-diachronic evolution (change over time) and synchronic variation (difference between cotemporaneous instantiations of the algorithm at different sites)-and underestimated the significance of the latter. We highlight the challenges that diachronic evolution and synchronic variation present for the quality of patient care, informed consent, and equity, and discuss the complex ethical trade-offs involved in the design of such systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The speciality, Public Health Medicine (PHM), was developed in response to political and health realities in pre-apartheid South Africa (SA), following the lead of the discipline in Britain, SA's previous coloniser. This article describes a 47-year journey from its origins as Community Health through to current practice, based on reviews of archival material, databases of institutional stakeholders involved in trainee education and our own experiences. Embedded throughout PHM's history are tensions between colonial forms of public health education and practice and resistance to these. As found in complementary SA research, and globally, this review shows that concerns about unclear roles, inadequate career paths and professional boundaries have preoccupied and are innate to the speciality. To be institutionalised more definitively in SA, PHM needs to demonstrate its value as a key resource for the functioning of SA's health system and thus improve the health status of her population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late 2010s, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies became complementary to the research areas of food science and nutrition. This review aims to summarize these technological advances by systematically describing the following: the use of AI in other fields (eg, engineering, pharmacy, and medicine); the history of AI in relation to food science and nutrition; the AI technologies currently used in the agricultural and food industries; and some of the important applications of AI in areas such as immunity-boosting foods, dietary assessment, gut microbiome profile analysis, and toxicity prediction of food ingredients. These applications are likely to be in great demand in the near future. This review can provide a starting point for brainstorming and for generating new AI applications in food science and nutrition that have yet to be imagined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nations with large Indigenous populations like Guatemala and Ecuador, overlapping narratives of nationalism, public health, and race signal the complexity of modernizing health care. Various variables—race, gender, class, geography, the role of the state, divisions within the ruling class—impinged on people's health care decisions. To analyze how racial thought and public health influenced each other during Guatemala's predominantly dictatorial rule and Ecuador's authoritarian but more participatory government at a time when the most significant international public health organization—the Rockefeller Foundation (RF)—sought to improve public health in both countries, I combine transnational and comparative historical analyses of the first half of the twentieth century. Triangulating Guatemalan, Ecuadorian, and RF archives and focusing on the primacy of Indigenous voices reveals an interactive matrix of different types of racism in Guatemala, Ecuador, and RF that shaped indígenas ' (Indigenous people's) engagement with, exclusion from, or rejection of public health initiatives and scientific medicine. The politics of indigeneity was as consequential for public health as scientific developments. Many state agents and RF representatives used public health contexts to mobilize social constructions of race and ethnicity that advanced their agendas and marginalized indígenas. In turn, indígenas often determined the extent to which authorities' aspirations matched their accomplishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their family carers face challenges in managing medicines. How medicine self-management could be supported for this population is unclear. This review identifies interventions to improve medicine self-management for people with dementia and MCI and their family carers, and the core components of medicine self-management that they address. Methods a database search was conducted for studies with all research designs and ongoing citation search from inception to December 2021. The selection criteria included community-dwelling people with dementia and MCI and their family carers, and interventions with a minimum of one medicine self-management component. The exclusion criteria were wrong population, not focusing on medicine management, incorrect medicine self-management components, not in English and wrong study design. The results are presented and analysed through narrative synthesis. The review is registered [PROSPERO (CRD42020213302)]. Quality assessment was carried out independently applying the QATSDD quality assessment tool. Results 13 interventions were identified. Interventions primarily addressed adherence. A limited number focused on a wider range of medicine self-management components. Complex psychosocial interventions with frequent visits considered the person's knowledge and understanding, supply management, monitoring effects and side effects and communicating with healthcare professionals, and addressed more resilience capabilities. However, these interventions were delivered to family carers alone. None of the interventions described patient and public involvement. Conclusion interventions, and measures to assess self-management, need to be developed which can address all components of medicine self-management to better meet the needs of people with dementia and MCI and their family carers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on website features a paper by Szczepanski et al titled "Use of Selective Arterial Calcium Stimulation Testing in Identification of Insulinoma in a Patient After Bariatric Surgery."

Objective Medicines acceptability is likely to have a significant impact on older people's adherence and, consequently, treatment effectiveness. The objective was to explore the influence of setting on medicines acceptability in older people. Methods A multi-centre, prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in one care home and one elderly care hospital ward in London, UK, involving individuals on ≥1 medicine(s) and aged ≥65 years. Data-driven approach was applied using multiple observer-reported outcomes analysis tool to distinguish between positively and negatively accepted medicines. Key findings 263 observer reports from the care home (n = 97) and hospital ward (n = 166) involving 155 distinct medicinal products were assessed. Collectively, medicines appeared better accepted by patients at the hospital. Differences appeared to be driven by variations in solid oral dosage form (SODF) acceptability. Patients with dysphagia poorly accepted medicines in both settings, as expected. SODFs were unexpectedly better accepted in the hospital than in the care home in patients without dysphagia. Conclusions Medicines acceptability was affected by patient's characteristics, dosage form type and setting. Changes in care practices between care home and hospital may affect medicine administration and lead to variations in the ability and willingness of patients and carers to use the product as intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about the use of traditional Chinese exercises in managing heart disease and emphasizes lifelong care for patients with congenital heart disease in Asia. It also includes review articles discussing the association between psychological factors and self-care in heart failure patients and the long-term effects of e-Health secondary prevention on cardiovascular health.