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The climate changes represent an important problem in today's society. Our study refers to the West Region of Romania, formed by the counties of Arad, Timis, Caras-Severin, Hunedoara, and it shows that there are significant differences regarding the climate changes between these counties. In our paper, we analyze the evolution of annual, respectively seasonal precipitations, and of the minimal, maximal and medium air temperatures in the considered region in the time frame 1991-2021. The statistical analysis of data shows an increase of the medium annual air temperatures, the observed changes being more pronounced in summer and winter. Beside the increase tendency of the air temperature in winter, one could observe also that the time of heat waves has become significantly longer in the West of Romania, such that the number of hot days is larger. An increase of the maximum length of the periods without precipitation has been observed over the last decades in the west during summer, as well as monthly anomalies of temperatures and precipitations. Annual estimates of the Climate Altering Land Cover Index are presented for the analyzed period and we observe that there is a positive correlation between these indices and the mean air temperature. In conditions of the climate changes, the mean summer precipitations will reduce in the coming decades, which will affect the management of water resources and the agriculture, which leads to the necessity of adjustment to the climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The threat of climate change and its negative consequences is currently a very serious and immediate problem. Undoubtedly, the most striking manifestation of climate change is global warming, both on land and in the oceans. Increasing the average air temperature adversely affects natural ecosystems, which find it very difficult to adapt to this change. Significant consequence of climate change is also the fundamental impact on water resources. In this work we focused on the influence of climatic conditions on the dynamics of walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) in July (2019-2021), when the influence of lack of precipitation on the walnut growth are most critical. We compared dendrometric changes to air temperature and precipitation. For this measurement were used Dendrometers DD-S from Ecomatic at two groups of walnut trees - irrigated and non-irrigated trees. From the results, it is found a significant decrease in precipitation compared to the climate normal, most marked in 2021. A significant difference between irrigated and non-irrigated walnuts is seen in 2019 (3.2 mm) and in 2020 (2.4 mm). In 2021, the difference is only 0.85 mm, which could be due to insufficient irrigation, lack of precipitation, and the quantity of fruit. The impact of climate change and its greatest impact - drought, can be observed throughout the period under review. This research can serve as a basis for drought assessment and will be further developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]