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Educational podcasts have become an increasingly prevalent media used to disseminate profession‐specific information through easily accessible means. Despite the potential of educational podcasts as convenient and effective medium, there is a dearth of literature dedicated to the topic. Thus, using the Uses and Gratification framework, the psychometric properties of the Educational Podcasts Motivation Scale were examined, as well as the motivational factors that influence intention to listen to educational podcasts and recommend podcasts to others were explored. A sample of individuals in the field of education (n = 606), such as in‐service K‐12 teachers and higher education professors, were recruited for this study. This sample were randomly divided, and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with the first set (n = 312) to identify underlying constructs, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed with the second set (n = 294). The scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties and five distinct motivational factors were identified: Information Gathering, Flexibility in Use, Social Interaction, Entertainment, and Professional Encouragement. Several motivational factors had significant associations with the constructs of "intention" and "word‐of‐mouth". This paper demonstrates both the unique motivational factors related to listening to educational podcasts and the motivational factors that overlap with other forms of media. Further examination of the underlying motivations to listen to educational podcasts is warranted. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Educational podcasts have become an increasingly prevalent media used to disseminate information to specific professions and fields that provide current practices and research information through easily accessible means.Educational podcasts have been found to be an effective tool to improve self‐efficacy and knowledge around topics with educators and college students, as well as a means to develop communities of practice where educators share knowledge and experiences.Results of studies using the uses and gratifications framework to examine the gratifications for listening to podcasts have found an array of overlapping, and sometimes conflicting, gratifications from the use of podcasts. Those most often identified include entertainment, multitasking and convenience, social interaction, escapism and educational purposes.What this paper adds This paper outlined the development of the Educational Podcasts Motivation Scale and used an exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to demonstrate its strong psychometric properties.Five distinct motivational factors for why educators engage with educational podcasts were identified: (a) Information Gathering, (b) Flexibility in Use, (c) Social Interaction, (d) Entertainment and (e) Professional Encouragement.This paper identifies that educators are often most motivated to listen to educational podcasts due to constructs such as social interaction, flexibility in use and information gathering.Implications for practice and/or policy The findings in this paper demonstrate the perceived benefits and uses of educational podcasts as a learning tool, further establishing educational podcasts as a useful tool that should be incorporated into learning environments.The findings in this paper indicate that those embedding educational podcasts within learning activities and professional development should consider how to emphasise the flexibility, social interactions and learning aspects of these tools to promote the attractive features of this tool.Although this study sheds light on the reasons those in the field of education use this medium, additional research is needed to explore how and why these individuals engage with educational podcasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper addresses the issue of partisan polarization in the U.S. in presidential voting at the county level. The literature on the growing partisan sorting and/or polarization is extensive, and controversies are pervasive. This paper focuses on the timing and sequence of changes in partisan vote shares at the county level from 1952 through the 2020 election. Methods: We apply confirmatory factor analysis to identify the structures of partisan competition in counties from 1952 to 2020, and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to uncover the social processes that influence the growing partisan polarization in the U.S. Results: We find that the growing partisan segregation coincides with the beginning of a secular change in the structure of partisan competition at the presidential level among counties that has intensified over the past quarter century. Polarization, segregation of partisans in communities, and a rise in sectionalism are the predominant characteristics of this new alignment. Conclusion: This study confirms a secular realignment in the structure of party competition among counties in presidential elections starting in 1996 and solidifying in 2008 when Obama is elected. The segregation of counties by dark shades of red or blue is the unique fingerprint of this new alignment that we call the "Geographic Sort" alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Mental Health Self‐Direction Scale (MHSD) measures the extent to which clients are able to resolve mental problems by themselves. Because this scale had not yet been evaluated, the aims of this paper were (a) to evaluate and improve the MHSD and (b) to explore the sensitivity to change of the improved scale. Method: The MHSD was evaluated and improved by means of confirmatory factor analyses of data from one longitudinal and two cross‐sectional outpatient sample. Inconsistent items were removed in a stepwise fashion. Subsequently, the scale's sensitivity to change was explored in the longitudinal sample by using latent growth curve models. Results: The original 31‐item scale was reduced to a more stable version with 19 items that yielded four factors named: actorship, demoralization, commitment, and understanding. Throughout clients' treatment, actorship and understanding tended to increase; demoralization tended to decrease; and commitment remained consistently high. Conclusions: The abridged MHSD scale is stable and sensitive to change. It measures the extent to which clients experience and develop self‐direction throughout their treatment. With the use of the new MHSD scale, new views on mental health that emphasize clients' ability to actively engage and cope with health‐challenges can be incorporated into clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy is at the top of the agenda for education today in developing learners' AI knowledge, skills, attitudes and values in the 21st century. However, there are few validated research instruments for educators to examine how secondary students develop and perceive their learning outcomes. After reviewing the literature on AI literacy questionnaires, we categorized the identified competencies in four dimensions: (1) affective learning (intrinsic motivation and self‐efficacy/confidence), (2) behavioural learning (behavioural commitment and collaboration), (3) cognitive learning (know and understand; apply, evaluate and create) and (4) ethical learning. Then, a 32‐item self‐reported questionnaire on AI literacy (AILQ) was developed and validated to measure students' literacy development in the four dimensions. The design and validation of AILQ were examined through theoretical review, expert judgement, interview, pilot study and first‐ and second‐order confirmatory factor analysis. This article reports the findings of a pilot study using a preliminary version of the AILQ among 363 secondary school students in Hong Kong to analyse the psychometric properties of the instrument. Results indicated a four‐factor structure of the AILQ and revealed good reliability and validity. The AILQ is recommended as a reliable measurement scale for assessing how secondary students foster their AI literacy and inform better instructional design based on the proposed affective, behavioural, cognitive and ethical (ABCE) learning framework. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic AI literacy has drawn increasing attention in recent years and has been identified as an important digital literacy.Schools and universities around the world started to incorporate AI into their curriculum to foster young learners' AI literacy.Some studies have worked to design suitable measurement tools, especially questionnaires, to examine students' learning outcomes in AI learning programmes.What this paper adds Develops an AI literacy questionnaire (AILQ) to evaluate students' literacy development in terms of affective, behavioural, cognitive and ethical (ABCE) dimensions.Proposes a parsimonious model based on the ABCE framework and addresses a skill set of AI literacy.Implications for practice and/or policy Researchers are able to use the AILQ as a guide to measure students' AI literacy.Practitioners are able to use the AILQ to assess students' AI literacy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empowerment theories provide the conceptual framework to understand the process of change among marginalized groups in rehabilitation. Sociopolitical control is an element of the intrapersonal component of psychological empowerment (PE). The current study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sociopolitical Control Scale for Youth (SPCS‐Y) in a sample of institutionalized young male offenders (N = 190) and examines its relationships with well‐being, perception of educational environment, self‐efficacy, and drug consumption. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the two‐dimensional structure of the SPCS‐Y (leadership competence and policy control). Linear regression models indicated that consumption of drugs contribute positively to leadership competence, and policy control was explained by well‐being, positive perception of educational environment, and enlisting social support. The results are consistent with previous studies from other countries and indicate that the SPCS‐Y is a valid measure to assess sociopolitical control among adolescents in rehabilitation. Additionally, theoretical implications and directions for practice are discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research calls for the sexual and reproductive rights field to prioritize gender norms to ensure that women can act on their reproductive rights. However, there is a gap in accepted measures. We addressed this by including important theoretical components of gender norms: differentiating between descriptive and injunctive norms and adding a referent group. Our team originally developed and validated the G‐NORM, a gender norms scale, in India. In this paper, we describe how we subsequently adapted and validated it in Nepal. We administered items to women of reproductive age, conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and examined associations between the subscales and reproductive health outcomes. Like the original G‐NORM, our factor analyses showed that descriptive norms and injunctive norms comprise two distinct scales which fit the data well and had Cronbach alphas of 0.92 and 0.89. More equitable descriptive gender norms were associated with higher decision‐making scores, increased odds of intending to use family planning, disagreeing that it is wrong to use family planning, and older ideal age at marriage. Injunctive gender norms were only associated with disagreeing that it is wrong to use family planning. Findings offer an improved measure of gender norms in Nepal and provide evidence that gender norms are critical for agency and reproductive health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Distress tolerance (DT) has been found to be implicated in the development and maintenance of depressive symptomatology and various other significant psychological conditions. As such, it is critical to have measures of DT that are effective and easy to administer. This study aimed to examine the factor structure, psychometric properties, and clinical utility of the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and the short‐form version, the Distress Tolerance Scale Short‐form (DTS‐SF), in a large population of individuals with varying levels of self‐reported depressive symptoms. Method: A total of 959 participants completed an online battery of questionnaires which included an assessment of depressive symptoms as well as the DTS and related measures. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses validated the four‐factor structure of the DTS and the one‐factor structure of the DTS‐SF. Good construct validity and good internal consistency were observed across both the DTS and DTS‐SF. Conclusion: Overall, this paper provides new evidence for the validity, reliability and discriminative ability of the DTS and the brief version of the questionnaire, the DTS‐SF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capabilities approach offers a multidimensional, ecological, and agent‐centered framework that may inspire models of intervention and evaluation. A growing number of measures grounded on the capabilities approach for outcome measurement are appearing. Regarding community mental health, new consumer‐valued measures—constructed in collaboration with consumers—are here considered crucial for a transformative shift. Meanwhile, new measurements need to provide psychometric evidence to enable proper choice and application. The Achieved Capabilities Questionnaire for Community Mental Health (ACQ‐CMH) was developed in collaboration with consumers of community mental health services. It aims to assess consumers' capabilities achieved through program support. The present paper shows advancements in the measure validation through a confirmatory factor analysis within a sample of community mental health consumers (N = 225). Reliability and construct‐related validity were also observed. A structural solution composed of five factors and 43 items revealed a better model fit than that obtained in a previous exploratory study. Findings support the reliability, sensibility, and both convergent and discriminant validity of using the ACQ‐CMH in the evaluation of community mental health interventions. The ACQ‐CMH offers a consumer‐valued framework with specific dimensions and indicators of capabilities for use in a routine service evaluation setting. Highlights: Growing number of capabilities measures to evaluate health intervention has appeared.Psychometric refinements and confirmatory factor analysis are fundamental to enable a proper choice and application.The Achieved Capabilities Questionnaire for Community Mental Health (ACQ‐CMH) is consumer‐centered once it reflects consumers' needs and goals.This measure may contribute to the evaluation of community‐based mental health interventions.The obtained dimensions and indicators may inspire a transformative mental health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of studies providing empirical evidence on e‐learning in the field of special education is limited. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to examine whether the factors influencing the e‐learning adoption of university students with disability differ according to the type of disability and gender. The participants of the study consist of 809 university students with a single disability (orthopaedic, visual or hearing). Confirmatory factor analysis and two‐way ANOVA were used in the analysis of the study. The factor analysis showed that validity and reliability of the measurement tool was established and the model fit was good. The results revealed that for all dependent variables (social influence, self‐efficacy, compatibility and facilitating conditions), students with orthopaedic disability and visual impairment had higher scores than students with hearing impairment. On the other hand, contrary to expectations, there was no difference between students with orthopaedic disability and students with visual impairment in any of the factors according to the type of disability. In addition, none of the factors differed by gender. The findings provide empirical evidence that can contribute to the planning of online education processes of students with disability by revealing the similarities and differences in the use of e‐learning systems according to the type of disability. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic The field of special education deals with the special needs of individuals and frequently uses technology to provide the support they need.It is observed that educational processes have been moved to online environments due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has affected the field of education nowadays and e‐learning systems in online environments have become indispensable for students with special needs.With their flexible structure, e‐learning systems create universal and inclusive learning environments for all students.Accessibility and special education adaptations are needed for individuals with special needs to use e‐learning systems effectively. For this, first of all, the effects of the disabilities of these individuals in using e‐learning systems should be determined.What this paper adds The results showed that social influence, self‐efficacy, compatibility, and facilitating conditions all differed significantly by type of disability.The research findings revealed that all factors differed significantly in terms of orthopaedic and visual impairment versus hearing impairment.The main contribution of the study can be summarized as investigating the relationships between technology adoption and types of disability with empirical evidence and the fact that the implications and inferences made for theory and practice have the potential to make critical contributions to technology acceptance and use of individuals with special needs.It can be stated that the tool adapted in this study offers a valid and reliable tool for future studies with university students with special needs.Implications for practice and/or policy There is a need for considering the individual differences of participants and adaptations for hearing in the adoption of e‐learning systems.Individual differences should be taken into account in the designs of e‐learning systems, and user‐oriented designs should be given priority.It can be mentioned that providing subtitle support for live lessons and recorded videos for the hearing impairment and adding sign and text support to the audio stimuli, providing screen readers for the visual impairment in the e‐learning system can make valuable contributions to improving the quality of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the factor structure of the 49 goal prioritization questions of the Gait Outcome Assessment List (GOAL). Method: This was a retrospective review of 622 consecutive individuals diagnosed with cerebral palsy (median = 11 years 2 months, SD = 6 years 0 months, 370 male), who underwent a routine clinical gait analysis at a specialty center and completed the validated GOAL. To assess dimensionality, we performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the goal ratings of its 49 gait‐related items. For internal consistency, we calculated Cronbach's alpha. We created standardized goal scores for each factor and determined floor and ceiling effects according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Results: Factor analyses suggested that the GOAL's 49 goal prioritization items represented eight factors, one more than the original GOAL validation because pain and fatigue were separated into distinct factors. Cronbach alphas were acceptably high (≥0.80) across factors except for use of braces and mobility aids (α = 0.68). Goal importance varied across domains and GMFCS levels. Interpretation: The GOAL can be expanded as a tool to better understand goal priorities in ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy. These scores can be used to guide clinical conversations and provide more focus than previously available when faced with 49 individual goals. Scores can also be aggregated across relevant populations for larger‐scale studies. What this paper adds: The goal items of the Gait Outcomes Assessment List (GOAL) can be reduced into eight goal domains.Pain and fatigue represent distinct goal domains.The level of goal importance varies across GOAL domains and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To examine levels of reading self‐efficacy in college students and further understand sources that foster reading self‐efficacy at the postsecondary level, there is a need for a valid scale that can be used for college student populations. Methods: In Phase 1, 160 items were generated and reviewed by a panel of experts and a group of undergraduate students. Of these, 48 items reached consensus for acceptance and were retained for Phase 2 pilot testing. Pilot results were analysed with principal component analysis to identify the scale structure and remove items not strongly associated with components. Phase 3 finalised the scale and confirmed construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis as well as internal reliability with Cronbach's α. Phase 4 further assessed construct validity through sensitivity analyses that control for age, gender, education level, ethnicity and grade point average (GPA) to evaluate the potential impact of these covariates on model fit. In addition, Phase 4 assessed the relationships between reading self‐efficacy and similar constructs (i.e., academic self‐efficacy and reading performance) to evaluate convergent validity of the final scale. Results: Based on Phase 2 principal component analysis, three components were retained: 'effort', 'enjoyment', and 'processing'. After removing items with high covariance indicated by the Phase 3 testing, the final scale included 15 items. The Sources of Reading Self‐Efficacy Scale for College and University Students (SOURSES‐C) was significantly correlated with reading performance, GPA and general academic self‐efficacy. Conclusions: SOURSES‐C is a valid and reliable tool to describe sources of reading self‐efficacy in college students. Understanding of reading self‐efficacy profiles may inform further investigations to improve motivation and persistence, self‐regulation and strategy use during reading. Highlights: What is already known about this topicReading self‐efficacy impacts reading performance and academic success.Students gauge their reading self‐efficacy based on multiple sources.Knowledge on the sources specifically of reading in college students is limited. What this paper addsA reading self‐efficacy measure that is specifically developed and validated for college students.The weights of sources of reading self‐efficacy in adults are different from that of paediatric populations.Reading self‐efficacy correlates with actual reading performance, grade point average and academic self‐efficacy among college students. Implications for theory, policy or practiceSources of Reading Self‐Efficacy Scale for College and University Students (SOURSES‐C) can be used to explore the relationships between contextual factors and reading self‐efficacy as well as to investigate the role of reading self‐efficacy in reading‐to‐learn activities.SOURSES‐C is a potentially useful tool in identifying specific areas that can be targeted in intervention and instruction.Future research may determine if SOURSES‐C can be used to identify students at risk for low learning performance due to reading, as well as psychosocial factors that contribute to reading self‐efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this research was to develop and validate the conspicuous behaviour orientation scale, a novel measure that captures an individual's propensity to adopt behaviours that signal social prestige. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in Study 1 (N = 423) identified two primary factors describing conspicuous behaviour orientation: Conspicuous altruism and conspicuous consumption. In a separate sample (N = 203), Study 2 confirmed the factor structure of the conspicuous behaviour orientation scale by demonstrating concurrent validity with measures of conspicuous donation behaviour, altruism, status consumption, and materialism. The construct validity was evaluated in Study 3 by correlating the present scale with the HEXACO model of personality (N = 410). Findings support that the 10‐item conspicuous behaviour orientation scale is a useful instrument to measure susceptibility towards costly signalling behaviour to enhance interpersonal relationships with relevant others. In essence, the results of these studies provide strong initial evidence for the reliability and validity of the conspicuous behaviour orientation scale. We conclude this paper with theoretical and applied implications of the proposed scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competitiveness in the hotel setting around the world is increasingly developing worldwide, as hotels try to follow innovative strategies to cultivate, and as customers have more alternatives to make choices. This paper makes use of 3 and 4 star hotels in the South‐west region of Cameroon. Five‐star hotels were not included in the study because none were found in the region. Leader–member exchange (LMX) induces good employee job performance and innovative outcomes through work engagement. Good behaviour can be seen in their positive innovations and voice contributions. As a result, leadership should be an essential part in the management setting; this work examines the influence of LMX on employees work engagement (EWE), and subsequently the effect of EWE on innovative work behaviour (IWB) and employee voice behaviour (EVB) in the hotels in the South‐west region of Cameroon. Poor relationship between leaders and their subordinates hinders employee's progress and threatens the organizations' productivity and long‐term success. Data used for the present study included 272 usable responses from hotel employees using three waves of collection with self‐administered questionnaire. Correlation, confirmatory factor and path analysis were implored for data analysis. According to the results, it was confirmed that leader's positive interactive behaviour could have an expressive influence on their follower's engagement levels, propagated their innovation and positive voice suggestions. Staffs with EWE can express innovative behaviour and pursue innovation by voluntarily performing behaviours that are not included in their roles. Hence LMX inspired employee's engagement, and the study has great theoretical and practical implications included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper observes the effect of ethics in leadership on employees trust, affective commitments, and deviance behaviors. Ethical behavior, choices of supervisors and managers, and apprehension of the establishments where deviant activities are supported by workers will be vital. The impression of corrupt morals appears to be a risk to the achievement of the institution. This study made use of a method using a convenience sample. Statistics of 264 workers of sampled hotels were used to obtain the opinions of the respondents about the constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and correlation analysis were used to assess the main consequences and examine the causality among associated variables. The outcomes displayed revealed that ethical leadership can boost workers' trust in their leaders. Thus, workers can be successfully devoted to their tasks and have no motive to indulge in nonconformity actions when they trust in the leadership of their management. The outcomes showed that trust in leaders by staff definitely influences affective commitments and were against unconventional deviance behaviors, as seen from the consequences, outcomes, practical implications, and suggestions recommended, when making decisions, by future scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper developed and validated a new measure of support for the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement among a racially–ethnically diverse sample of college students. The measure focuses on the movement's principles of Black liberation, intersectionality, and alliance building. Participants included 1934 college students (75% female) from a large public Southwestern university. The factor structure was supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, resulting in an 18‐item measure, Support for Black Lives Matter, with two underlying factors. Black Liberation includes 12 items representing support for BLM because of awareness of and challenging structural inequality and racism experienced by Black individuals. Intersectional Values includes six items representing support for BLM because it embraces and affirms marginalized populations within the Black community, especially disabled Blacks, queer Blacks, Black women, and Black families with children. Evidence of criterion‐related validity was demonstrated with racial group differences in support of BLM factors. Evidence of convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations between support for BLM factors and critical consciousness (including awareness of racism, classism, and heterosexism), and negative correlations between support for BLM factors and subtle racist attitudes toward Blacks. Measurement invariance was evident between White, Black, Asian American, Latinx, and Multiracial participants. Implications and suggestions for use of the new measure are discussed. Highlights: This study developed an 18‐item measure assessing support for the Black Lives Matter movement goals.The Black Liberation subscale assesses support of BLM's fight against Black oppression.The Intersectional Values subscale assess support of BLM's goal of affirming intersectionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Early diagnosis of health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress, which have been recognized as global health issues, is essential for providing psychological support to people who experience negative emotions. Therefore, it is important to identify a reliable method for diagnosing depression, anxiety, and stress. To this end, this study investigated the factor structure and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21 (DASS‐21) in Jordan. Methods: A university sample of 336 Jordanians completed the Arabic version of the DASS‐21 and several psychopathology measures. Cross‐sectional study and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to achieve the study's aims. Results: CFA favored the bifactor model compared to the other four models. In contrast, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) strongly correlated with the DASS‐21, indicating that the DASS‐21 has adequate convergent and divergent validity. Subsequently, the scale's discriminant validity was tested using the heterotrait–monotrait (HTMT) correlation ratio, which was found to be relatively insufficient. While DASS‐21 showed strong reliability, Cronbach's α and McDonald's omega values ranged between 0.83 and 0.93. Conclusion: The bifactor model best fits the Jordanian sample data. The DASS‐21 has optimum psychometric properties; therefore, it can be used to assess the general distress experienced by the Jordanian community during research investigations and in non‐clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LifeSkills Training (LST) is a popular drug prevention program shown to be effective at preventing youth substance use. The Middle School Health Survey (MSHS) is a questionnaire that was created by the developers of the LST curriculum to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes about drugs and life skills among youth. Despite the widespread use of the MSHS, the measurement quality of the instrument is largely unknown because no prior research has evaluated its psychometric properties. This study evaluated the reliability of scores and factor structure of the MSHS, which was administered to 986 students (Grades 6–8) before the implementation of the LST curriculum. Results indicate that one of the subscales had poor internal consistency reliability as measured by Cronbach's alpha, which is likely due to restricted variability in item responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic procedures indicated that a three‐ or four‐factor solution fit the data; however, fewer than half of the items had loadings above the acceptable threshold, indicating that the MSHS requires modification to meet acceptable standards of measurement quality. This paper fills a void in the literature and informs if and which modifications to the MSHS might be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Perinatal grief have a significant influence on maternal mental health, hence appropriate tools for assessment are necessary. In this study, we translated and validated the Perinatal Grief Scale in Urdu (PGS‐Urdu) for use in Pakistan, therefore filling the gap in validated tools. Methods: Data was collected from 165 women using consecutive sampling. Initially, "forward/backward" translation was used. For validity, content validity index and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used respectively, and "Cronbach's‐Alpha" for reliability. In the validity stage, items 8, 11, 23, and 32 of the original scale were eliminated based on feedback from the target groups and the expert panel. For data‐analysis, SPSS 26 and Amos 26 were used. Results: In analyzing the "Confirmatory factor analysis", the "all‐fitness indicators" validated the three‐factor structure of 29‐item main scale. Cronbach alpha value was 0.83 for the entire scale The CFA results showed that all fitness indicators, with the exception of four, had loadings greater than 0.20, supporting the main scale's three‐factor structure. With a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.83 for overall reliability, and varied from 0.81 to 0.87 for the PGS‐U variables. the PGS‐U exhibits an acceptable level of internal consistency. Conclusion: The PGS‐U identifies women in perinatal grief for medical and social care. This research supports using the Urdu perinatal grief scale in obstetrics and bereavement counseling to reduce maternal mental health issues. Highlights: Perinatal grief is a major contributor to maternal mental health problems. This study translated and validated the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) into Urdu (PGS‐U) for use in Pakistani women with perinatal loss. The PGS‐U was found to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing perinatal grief in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses a critical gap in the theory by exploring the impact of Environmentally Specific Servant Leadership (ESSL) on Employees' Voluntary Green Behavior (EVGB) within the dynamic framework of Pakistan's tourism industry. It also advances understanding by investigating the pivotal mediating roles of Psychological Green Climate (PGC) and Green Commitment (GC) in the relationship between ESSL and EVGB. Drawing upon the principles of Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) and Social Identity theory (SIT) we designed the research framework and collected data from employees working in various firms in Pakistan's tourism sector. We employed a multistage (phase I‐convenience; phase II purposive) sampling technique to gather data from 492 employees representing various small and medium‐sized Hotels, Restaurants, and Catering firms within the hospitality and tourism sector. The collected data underwent validation and analysis using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in SPSS AMOS and was further examined through the Andrew Hayes Process Macro model 4. The findings reveal a significant role of ESSL in fostering EVGB. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the significant mediating roles of PGC and GC in the relationship between ESSL‐EVGB. These findings underscore the potential effectiveness of promoting environmental sustainability as a means to encourage environmentally responsible behavior among individuals working in the tourism sector. The implications of our findings are particularly noteworthy for the tourism and hospitality sector. Companies in such industry can leverage ESSL as a valuable tool for inspiring green behavior in their staff, emphasizing both environmental responsibility and service to others as key drivers of environmentally friendly actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of cultural/language scale validations is usually undervalued, and the authors are to be congratulated on their analysis of the VSI in a population distinct from the one targeted in the original validation (USA). Outside of the present work, IAT has served as consultant for Pfizer Inc. CM has received speaker fees from Kyowa Kirin, Norgine, Biocodex, Mayoly spindler, Tillots, and Ipsen, and has served as Advisory Board member for Kyowa Kirin. In their paper "Anxiety-related factors associated with symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome",1 Black et al. have analyzed the factorial structure of the Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI),2 a well-known and widely used measure of gastrointestinal (GI)-specific anxiety, in an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) sample from the UK. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Engineering identity is associated with students' academic success and retention in engineering programs. However, there is a lack of psychometrically evaluated measures for assessing engineering identity formation. Purpose: This cross‐sectional study aimed to adapt the Utrecht‐Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U‐MICS) to assess engineering identity formation and evaluate its factor structure, reliability, and associations with demographic characteristics of engineering students. Design/Method: Survey data were collected from 237 engineering students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the factor structure of the U‐MICS. Multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) analysis was performed to investigate how demographic characteristics of engineering students related to the latent variables underlying the U‐MICS. Results: CFA supported the hypothesized three‐dimensional model of identity formation (i.e., commitment, in‐depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) after excluding one item originally designed for assessing in‐depth exploration. Good internal consistencies were found for each subscale (Cronbach's α =.72–.88). MIMIC analysis showed mean differences in the commitment factor and the in‐depth exploration factor by undergraduate classification and mean differences in the reconsideration of commitment factor by race/ethnicity, but no differences in the three latent factors by gender and transfer status. Conclusions: The U‐MICS may be a viable measure to assess engineering identity formation. This measure can help researchers gauge how engineering students develop, validate, and revise their commitment to pursue an engineering degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Study of well‐being of older adults, a rapidly growing demographic group in sub‐Saharan Africa, depends on well‐validated tools like the WHOQOL‐OLD. This scale has been tested on different populations with reasonable validity results but has limited application in Africa. The specific goal of this paper was to examine the factor structure of the WHOQOL‐OLD translated into three Ghanaian languages: Ga, Akan, and Kasem. We also tested group invariance for sex and for type of community (distinguished by ethnicity/language). Methods: We interviewed 353 older adults aged 60 years and above, selected from three ethnically and linguistically different communities. Using a cross‐sectional design, we used purpose and convenience methods to select participants in three geographically and ethnically distinct communities. Each community was made up of selected rural, peri‐urban, and urban communities in Ghana. The questionnaire was translated into three languages and administered to each respondent. Results: The results showed moderate to high internal consistency coefficient and factorial validity for the scale. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found that the results supported a multidimensional structure of the WHOQOL‐OLD and that it did not differ for males and females, neither did it differ for different ethnic/linguistic groups. Conclusions: We conclude that the translated versions of the measure are adequate tools for evaluation of quality of life of older adults among the respective ethnic groups studied in Ghana. These results will also enable comparison of quality of life between older adults in Ghana and in other cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Although previous studies have investigated self‐regulated learning strategies, a holistic study has not been conducted on note‐taking, environmental structuring, self‐evaluation, and self‐consequence strategies among medical students. The current study focused on the relationships between these four self‐regulated learning strategies in a medical context. Methods: A conceptual model of the four strategies was developed, supported by the relevant literature. This cross‐sectional study used an electronic structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 557 medical undergraduates. The data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to investigate the hypothetical model. Results: The conceptual model fits the data well. All relationships between the strategies were significantly positive, except for a regression between environmental structuring and self‐evaluation, which was nonsignificant. Self‐evaluation strategies represented the highest mean, whereas self‐consequence strategies represented the lowest. Conclusion: The findings of this study have implications for medical students, their teachers, and their universities regarding ways to enhance learners' regulated learning strategies. Future research should be conducted to develop additional statistical and comparison models for use in experimental studies and longitudinal investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of Snyder's Children's Hope Scale (CHS) with first‐ and second‐generation Latino immigrant youth, using item response theory, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance tests. Background: Stress experienced by youth in 2020 has heightened interest in resilience factors such as hope. The CHS is widely used to measure hope but has not been validated for longitudinal assessments with immigrant populations. Methods: Participants were 233 low socioeconomic status first‐ and second‐generation Latino immigrant youth (50.43% female, 62% U.S.‐born, and 81% of Mexican heritage). Data were collected at two timepoints spanning 4 weeks. Results: Rather than the original six‐item two‐dimensional scale, our results supported a four‐item one‐dimensional scale, with excellent model fit, strong invariance across time, by gender and generation status, good reliability (α =.81), and the expected negative association with stress. Conclusions: The four‐item Hope scale is suitable for longitudinal assessments with first‐ and second‐generation Latino immigrant populations and can be used for examining differences by gender and generation status in research and practice to assess youth resilience. Implications: This study underscores the need for practitioners and researchers to rigorously investigate the psychometric properties of a measure before its use with diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multigenerational transmission of differentiation of self is one of the basic concepts of Bowen's Family Systems Theory. It describes how the ability to build healthy and intimate relationships with others can be passed down through generations within the family system. Previous research devoted to the concept has yielded mixed results. However, significant discrepancies can be observed between methodological approaches and the resulting understanding of the similarity in self‐differentiation observed between parents and children. The present study examines these inconsistencies and explores the process of transmission on a multifaceted basis. Based on a series of confirmatory factor analyses, our findings lend support to Bowen's theory hypothesis and demonstrate that both parental sex and that of the child play a crucial role in transmission. The article highlights the importance of addressing family issues in promoting satisfying personal and social functioning among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite several theoretical, structural, and statistical issues reported against Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), most studies in the educational sector of Pakistan use it without analyzing its factor structure. Since culture might change the structure, this first systematic study filled the gap and explored the factor structure of the least researched FFMQ (15 items) among nonmeditator university students in collectivist society Pakistan while employing optimal statistical techniques. We interpreted our results culturally and also conducted a cross‐cultural examination with the Spanish sample. We employed polychoric data to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA extracted a four‐factor (10 items) solution without the Describe facet and showed good inter‐item correlation. The CFA exhibited a theory‐based two‐factor hierarchical model (self‐regulation, orient to experience) with good fit indices, acceptable factor loadings, correct directions, and strong reliabilities (coefficient H > 0.8). The multivariate analysis showed no difference in mindfulness between males and females, except for Nonreact. The first multigroup CFA (MGCFA) showed metric invariance while examining the polarity of items across gender. In cross‐cultural multivariate analysis, we found no difference in mindfulness between Pakistan and Spanish samples, except for Nonjudge, but the second MGCFA showed metric invariance in the correlated model only. Our data suggest that the two‐factor hierarchical structure, without Describe facet, provides a more parsimonious and culturally accepted structure among nonmeditators in Pakistan. However, due to the independent nature of the two factors, the total score cannot be computed. The FFMQ (15 items) appears individualistic, and including culturally acceptable items will improve its universality. Practitioner points: The Describe facet of FFMQ (15 items) does not appear valid in a collectivist society. Caution may be exercised in any evaluation.The two‐factor hierarchical model is better suited than a single mindfulness factor in a collectivist society.The computation of separate scores for the two higher‐order factors is preferred over the total score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop the School Anxiety Inventory–College Version (SAI‐CV)—a measure of school anxiety specifically tailored for college students—and provide initial reliability and validity evidence. College undergraduates (N = 1004) from a large Midwestern University. Participants completed the SAI‐CV as well as measures of test anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and college self‐efficacy. SAI‐CV total and subscale scores indicated excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α =.94–.97). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three‐factor model for each domain: school situations (academic failure, social evaluation, peer aggression) and anxiety symptoms (cognitive, behavioral, physiological). The SAI‐CV also exhibited strong evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Findings support strong initial psychometric evidence of the SAI‐CV. Given that school anxiety is a prevalent and debilitating health concern among college students, future efforts should establish the clinical utility of the SAI‐CV and development of targeted interventions. Practitioner points: 1.The School Anxiety Inventory–College Version (SAI‐CV) demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability.2.Confirmatory factor analyses supported a three‐factor model for each domain.3.The SAI‐CV exhibited strong evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explores the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure–Revised (CYRM‐R) in adolescent population. Method: A sample of 323 Iranian adolescents (12–18 years old) completed the CYRM‐R, Resilient Scale (RS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), and Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC‐SF). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the goodness of fit. Face, content, concurrent validity, and internal consistency were evaluated. Results: The results showed acceptable face and content validity. Goodness‐of‐fit was adequate and internal consistency (Cronbach's α exceeded.883) was strong. The CYRM‐R score correlated positively to the RS and MHC‐SF total score and negatively to the total score of BDI‐II, supporting the scale's concurrent validity. In addition, Factor analysis confirmed the two‐factor structure of this measure. Conclusion: The Persian version of the CYRM‐R presents adequate psychometric properties. It is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to assess resilience in adolescents. Practitioner points: CYRM presents adequate psychometric properties for assessing resilience in Iranian adolescents.CYRM‐R score correlated positively to the mental health scores.CYRM‐R score correlated negatively to the total score of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how middle managers support their employees' strengths use via three sequential analyses. In Study 1, an open‐ended questionnaire survey of high‐performing middle managers at a global manufacturer in Japan (n = 144) was conducted to collect comments on strengths use support (SUS). The grounded theory approach was used to generate four categories of SUS, and a quantitative questionnaire was developed based on the analysis. In Study 2, three dimensions of SUS (understanding employees' strengths and interests, developing strengths through challenging assignments, and supporting the accomplishment) were identified by exploratory factor analyses using the questionnaire survey data of middle managers in Japanese firms (n = 208). Study 3 examined the validity and reliability of the three‐dimensional model using confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire survey data of middle managers in Japanese firms (n = 209). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teachers' level of knowledge regarding autism and their attitudes towards inclusion are major levers for the successful schooling of autistic students. However, there are currently insufficient validated tools for evaluating these two concepts among teachers that are adapted to the French context and to the constraints of the classroom setting. Aims: This study was designed to test both the validity of The Autism Knowledge Screening Scale (AKSS) and of the Autism Attitude Scale for Teachers (AAST) among French teachers. Sample: Our final sample consisted of 307 French teachers (50.5% primary school teachers and 49.5% secondary school teachers). Methods: First, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the two initial factor structures and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted regarding the AKSS. Second, criterion validity was assessed for each of the two scales. Results: Concerning knowledge of autism, a two‐factor model (8 items) explaining 53% of the variance was observed. The first factor represented knowledge about aetiology and the second represented knowledge about symptoms. Concerning attitudes towards autism, a one‐factor model (14 items) exhibited good model fit (χ2/df = 1.71, RMSEA =.048, AGFI =.979, SRMR =.068, CFI =.987, NNFI =.984). As expected, participants who were specialized teachers, had training, and a high degree of contact with autism had more knowledge (regarding aetiology but not regarding symptoms) and more positive attitudes. Conclusions: This study validated two quick‐to‐use tools for making an initial diagnosis of teachers' knowledge and attitudes regarding the school inclusion of autistic children. The use of these tools could help to fine‐tune the content of training programs for teachers and test their efficacy, particularly in France where the inclusion of autistic children is still far from international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the short‐term longitudinal associations between Five Factor Model (FFM) and social goals (social dominance, popularity, and intimacy), with relational aggression (RAgg) as a mediator. RAgg was claimed to mediate the positive correlations of neuroticism with dominance and popularity, whereas extraversion was argued to positively relate to intimacy through low RAgg. The participants were 2207 Greek 13‐ to 16‐year‐olds (M = 14.04; 52.8% female), mostly from middle‐class families. Respondents completed three self‐report measures (T1, T2; 6‐month interval) during the school year. Confirmatory factor analysis explored a measurement model, whereas a longitudinal mediation model tested whether RAgg mediates the relationship between personality and social goals. Cross‐lagged correlations revealed associations of RAgg with neuroticism, dominance, and popularity but not openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness. Weak positive correlations emerged between FFM traits and intimacy, neuroticism, and dominance. Results indicated positive indirect effects from Τ1 neuroticism and negative from T1 agreeableness to Τ2 RAgg, which was then positively linked to T2 dominance and popularity. The research highlights the importance of RAgg as a mechanism for endorsing social goals for adolescents with specific personality traits. Intervention strategies aiming at limiting RAgg could consider agreeableness and neuroticism, providing adolescents with the behavioral tools to cope with anxiety and negative affect. Highlights: Personality, social goals, and relational aggression were studied in adolescents.Short‐term longitudinal associations between constructs were examined.Relational aggression mediated the neuroticism to dominance and popularity pathway.Agreeableness was linked to dominance and popularity via relational aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms can worsen or maintain the severity of symptoms across long‐term conditions (LTCs). Although the Cognitive and Behavioural Responses Questionnaire (CBRQ) has been used in research, its original development and psychometric properties as a transdiagnostic measure have not been reported. Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CBRQ and a recently proposed short version, across different LTCs. Design: Psychometric validation study. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the factor structure of the CBRQ in two datasets from the CBRQ's original development; (chronic fatigue syndrome, N = 230; and multiple sclerosis, N = 221) and in additional groups: haemodialysis (N = 174), inflammatory bowel disease (N = 182) and chronic dizziness (N = 185). Scale reliability and construct validity were assessed. The factor structure of the shortened CBRQ (CBRQ‐SF) was also assessed. Results: CFA revealed that a 7‐or 8‐factor structure had generally appropriate fit supporting the originally proposed 7 factors (Fear avoidance, Damage beliefs, Catastrophising, Embarrassment avoidance, Symptom focusing, All‐or‐nothing behaviour and Avoidance/Resting behaviour). Omega coefficients indicated satisfactory internal reliability. Correlations with related constructs suggested construct validity. The scale appeared sensitive to change. The CBRQ‐SF also displayed good psychometric quality, with a better model fit than the CBRQ. Conclusions: The CBRQ and the shortened version were shown to be reliable and valid at assessing a range of cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms, highlighting the multi‐symptom, transdiagnostic properties of this questionnaire. Further research is necessary to determine the test–retest reliability and sensitivity to change of the CBRQ and CBRQ‐SF and a thorough evaluation of the content validity of the items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI)‐specific anxiety has been identified as a treatment target in irritable bowel syndrome. However, GI‐specific anxiety has been understudied in other GI functional/motility disorders. Among adults with gastroparesis, we aimed to: (1) initially validate a measure of GI‐specific anxiety, the Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI); and (2) evaluate the relationship between GI‐specific anxiety and gastroparesis symptom severity and quality of life, compared to measures of anxiety, depression, and somatization. Methods: Consecutive adult patients (N = 100) with gastroparesis presenting for initial consultation completed a series of self‐report measures including the VSI. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the VSI one‐factor structure and tested internal consistency and convergent validity. We then performed hierarchical linear regression analyses to explore associations between VSI and gastroparesis symptom severity and overall quality of life. Key Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the original VSI one‐factor structure overall fit well [χ2(90) = 220.1, p < 0.0001; SRMR = 0.08; RMSEA = 0.12; CFI = 0.96]. The VSI also had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.99) and convergent validity (r = 0.29–0.56; all p < 0.01). Higher GI‐specific anxiety was significantly associated with greater gastroparesis symptom severity, including nausea/vomiting, fullness/satiety, and upper abdominal pain scores beyond depression, anxiety, or somatization (all p = <0.01–0.01). Additionally, higher GI‐specific anxiety was significantly associated with lower mental health‐related quality of life, beyond gastroparesis symptom severity, depression, anxiety, or somatization (p = 0.01). Conclusions & Inferences: The VSI is an adequate measure of GI‐specific anxiety in patients with gastroparesis. Higher GI‐specific anxiety was associated with increased patient‐reported gastroparesis symptom severity and decreased quality of life, beyond depression/anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study intends to develop and validate a multidimensional evaluation standard for customers' participation in corporate social responsibility (CSR) value co‐creation (VCC), which has grown exponentially since the start of the Internet commonweal platform era. A Delphi study was conducted with a group of 30 professionals and local community members. Initial items for measuring CSR VCC were derived from the Delphi study. These items were then used to devise a questionnaire that was ultimately administered to 844 customers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in 28 items based on five factors: customer participation, customer response, corporate response, interaction, and sustainability. Both convergent validity and discriminant validity were verified between factors. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to verify the nomological validity of the scale. This evaluation scale is expected to provide a criterion that can help companies effectively manage CSR aspects of corporate‐customer VCC and help customers choose CSR campaigns they can trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience is of the upmost importance to deal with everyday problems faced by communities. The concept of community resilience is gaining prominence in disaster management policy and practice, and it has been shown to be an important factor during pandemic recovery such as during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak. We present an instrument for community resilience assessment adapted for disasters like the pandemics. The instrument was based on the theory‐based and evidence‐informed Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART) Assessment Survey, adapted for the first time to Portuguese. Another strong feature of this study relates to the targeted participants, namely human service workers (598). They are key informants for their close involvement with communities. This version of the CART was reliable. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good relationship between the observed variables and their underlying latent constructs. Moreover, tests for measurement invariance across participants showed that differences in factor variances and covariances were not attributable to age‐based differences in the properties of the scales themselves. Our findings support the fundamental idea that it is worthwhile to have an instrument to measure community resilience. Thus, our study adds to the evaluation of the CART, supporting its value as a robust instrument to measure resilience at the community level in different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral emotions such as pride, guilt and shame play an important role in the social‐emotional development of preschool children. However, there are not many instruments available for measuring moral emotions in the preschool age. Moreover, relatively few research had examined cross‐cultural validity of measures for moral emotions. The present study tested the Chinese version of the Moral emotion questionnaire (MEQ) upon a group of (N = 182) Chinese preschool children aged from 2 to 6 years. The Chinese MEQ is a parent‐report translated from Dutch, assessing behavioural responses of pride, guilt and shame in preschool children. Confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory goodness‐of‐fit indexes for a three‐factor structure (Pride, Guilt, Shame) with 15 loading items. For concurrent relations, the results suggested an adaptive role of pride and guilt and a maladaptive role of shame in the social‐emotional development of preschool children. We could conclude that the 15‐item Chinese MEQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring pride, guilt, and shame in 2–6‐year‐old children in the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to unravel the determinants of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI). Using a moderated mediation approach, we examine the direct and indirect effects of prior experience with social problems, proactive personality, and social self‐efficacy on SEI via social entrepreneurial passion for founding (SEP) as a mediator. This study is based on data collected from a survey using questionnaires completed by 283 Saudis. To analyze data and test the developed hypotheses, we used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses followed by structural equation modeling to test the direct and indirect effects of the main variables on SEI. Our findings reveal positive relationships between prior experience with social problems and proactive personality and SEP with SEI. Surprisingly, no significant relationship was found between social self‐efficacy and SEI; its effect was indirect through SEP. Finally, gender moderated the relationship between SEP and SEI. Academic contributions and practical implications are then proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Moral reasoning is an underexamined and potentially useful area of research relative to the care of moral injury in veterans. However, the most widely used measure of moral reasoning, the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ), has not been validated in this population. Methods: Post‐9/11 veterans (N = 311) completed questionnaires which included the MFQ. Veterans' scores were compared to the general US population. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test existing models of the MFQ in the sample. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was also used to examine potentially improved model fits. Results: The two leading, preexisting MFQ models were both poor fits for the data. EFA results produced a four‐factor model for the veteran sample using 25 of the original 30 items of the MFQ. Conclusions: Measuring moral reasoning among veterans may be important in understanding the experience of moral injury. However, the most widely used scale (MFQ) performs poorly among a sample of post‐9/11 veterans, indicating that veterans may respond differently to the measure than the general US population. Military culture may uniquely influence veterans' moral reasoning, suggesting the need for military specific measures for this construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychometric properties of two shortened and rescaled versions of widely used measures of job insecurity were evaluated. Using survey data from 292 US working adults and relying on classical test theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and item response theory analyses, results indicated that these new versions had high reliability and similar psychometric properties compared with the original versions. Empirical evidence further established favorable convergent and discriminant validity, based on the revised scales' relationships with relevant covariates. The revised versions also showed substantially improved precision of measurement over a broader range of cognitive and affective job insecurity levels (i.e. they provide greater information for a wider range of participants experiencing varying levels of insecurity). These results indicate the briefer rescaled versions should be preferred over the original scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argumentation plays a significant role in science as a scientific practice in which knowledge is constructed, evaluated, and modified. Scientific argumentation (SA) is thus a promising activity for students to pursue in order to think and act like scientists and to enhance their understanding of science. Considering the impact that assessments usually have on teaching and their role in understanding students' ability, this study aims to explore the assessment of scientific argumentation competence (SAC) and Chinese high school students' performance and perceptions of SA. This study, therefore, proposes a three‐component framework for understanding SAC, including the competencies to identify, evaluate, and generate the SA elements outlined in Toulmin's argument model. Based on this framework, we hypothesize three levels of SAC and develop a test including 22 items to see whether these proposed SAC elements are valid and to what extent they represent students' levels of SAC. An iterative procedure is adopted to develop and validate the assessment instrument, validity evidence is collected from the analysis of teachers' interviews, students' think‐aloud and follow‐up interviews, and from confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis of students' scores on the test. The results suggest that the measure, which includes three SAC components has acceptable reliability and validity, and the three‐level progression of SAC is aligned with and further expands previous learning progressions of SA. We also find that most students in our sample are at level 1 of SAC and they in general hold positive attitudes toward learning through argumentation, but their willingness in engaging with SA tends to be affected by their perception of the intrinsic and practical value of SA and their personality. Providing them with explanations of SA elements does not improve their test performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary: Research with 'good sleepers' is ubiquitous, yet there are no standardised criteria to identify a 'good sleeper'. The present study aimed to create and validate a questionnaire for identifying good sleepers for use in research studies known as the Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items (GSS‐15). Data were derived from a population‐based survey of Australian adults (n = 2,044). A total of 23 items were chosen for possible inclusion. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on ~10% of the survey dataset (n = 191) for factor identification and item reduction. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the remaining data (n = 1,853) to test model fit. Receiver operating characteristic curves and correlations were conducted to derive cut‐off scores and test associations with sleep, daytime functioning, health, and quality‐of‐life. The EFA identified six factors: 'Sleep Difficulties', 'Timing', 'Duration', 'Regularity', 'Adequacy', and 'Perceived Sleep Problem'. The CFA showed that model fit was high and comparable to other sleep instruments, χ2 (63) = 378.22, p < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, with acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.76). Strong correlations were consistently found between GSS‐15 global scores and outcomes, including 'a good night′s sleep' (r = 0.7), 'feeling un‐refreshed' (r = −0.59), and 'experienced sleepiness' (r = −0.51), p < 0.001. Cut‐off scores were derived to categorise individuals likely to be a good sleeper (GSS‐15 score ≥40) and those very likely to be a good sleeper (GSS‐15 score ≥45). The GSS‐15 is a freely available, robust questionnaire that will assist in identifying good sleepers for the purpose of sleep research. Future work will test relationships with other sleep measures in community and clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Investigating parent satisfaction with care is important to guide quality development. In this study, we translated and validated a Danish version of the empowerment of parents in the intensive care – neonatology (EMPATHIC‐N) questionnaire to determine validity in Danish contexts. Method: A psychometric study design was applied. Translation was performed according to recommended international standards. Confirmatory factor analyses including standardised factor loadings, Cronbach's α reliability estimates, congruent validity and non‐differential validity testing were applied. The study was performed from June 2017 to November 2019 at a 33‐bed level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Results: Participants were 311 parents (response rate = 42,8%). Confirmative factor analyses disclosed a moderate model fit of the instrument with Comparative Fit Index (CFI) values of 0.83–0.92. Cronbach's α showed good reliability (0.82–0.93). Congruent validity showed good positive correlations (0.48–0.71) between the instrument domains and four overall satisfaction indicators. In search of improved model fit, a version including 27 items was tested. This version showed a better model fit with CFI values of 0.92–0.99 and satisfactory Cronbach's α values. Conclusions: Model fit for the Danish full EMPATIC‐N was moderate. The shorter version showed better psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social support in children and adolescents is fundamental for preventing mental health problems. Differences in sources and types of social support may lead to differential effects on psychosocial outcomes; however, tools to assess these differences are lacking in Japan. The present study investigated the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS) in 1,068 students aged 9–15 years. A confirmatory factor analysis showed robustness for the five‐factor model, while the third‐order factor model, which integrated the overall scale and four subdomains (types: emotional, informational, appraisal, and instrumental) within the five domains (sources: parent, teacher, classmate, close friend, and school) above, also met criteria for good model fit. The overall scale and all domains and subdomains demonstrated sufficient internal consistency (α =.76–.98). For construct validity, there were significant correlations between CASSS scores and prosocial behavior, internalizing or externalizing problems as assessed by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and depressive symptoms assessed by the Depression Self‐Rating Scale for Children (DSRS‐C). The agreement rate between these correlation coefficients and the prespecified hypothesis was 89.6%. These results suggest that the Japanese version of the CASSS has adequate reliability and validity and can be used to assess perceived social support among Japanese early adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accomplishment of sustainable development goals has become a global initiative to encourage renewable energy, reduce wasteful energy consumption and increase investment in energy efficiency projects. The number of publications devoted to sustainable development, environmental protection and green investments is growing exponentially. Firstly, this study is committed to provide a comprehensive overview of research literature on enterprise development in decades‐long, focusing on the sustainable development and business environment field. Secondly, it seeks to elaborate the most comprehensive structural model examining the multilateral and facilitative role of internal and external business environment changes in the relationship between sustainable development and enterprise development. A bibliometric analysis via VOSviewer was applied to detect and visualize the research trends and display the research status of enterprise development under the changes in the business environment and sustainable development. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed to develop, implement and verify a conceptual structural model examining the multilateral and facilitative role of internal and external business environment changes in the relationship between sustainable development and enterprise development. Mapping bibliographic data based on co‐citation, co‐occurrence, bibliographic coupling, and network and content analysis showed that generally, researchers had made significant efforts to investigate different links that arise between enterprises development, sustainable development, and business environment separately in different combinations. Structural equation modeling showed that the argument that sustainable development directly causes enterprise development is disputable since sustainable development focuses on changes in the internal and external business environment that eventually influence enterprise development, which in turn leads to a further new shift in the external environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To remain sustainably viable in today's business environment, employers require appropriate skills to support their commitment to social responsibility. When recruiting skills, employers recognize that graduate attributes are essential indicators of the capability to render constructive workplace outcomes. Graduates need to develop these attributes to demonstrate their employability potential to prospective employers. However, existing employability capital frameworks do not include the graduate attributes needed to measure capability in corporate social responsibility (CSR) skills. The objective of this study was to determine which graduate attributes would support employability capability in CSR skills. Following a theoretical investigation, a mixed‐method exploratory study was undertaken in South Africa's state‐owned electricity provider to determine the employability attributes required by the organization in CSR management. The first phase involved a data collection survey, 302 managers and supervisors in South Africa's primary electricity provider rated a proposed 44 personal attributes linked to nine theoretical determined CSR skills and their importance in CSR management. In the second phase, the survey results were validated through a separate Delphi technique with three Human Resource Development experts. Confirmatory factor analysis found significant relationships between the tested attributes and the nine CSR skills. The findings could assist graduates in understanding the attributes they need to develop to be deemed employable for CSR performance. Furthermore, higher education institutions can include the results in curriculums to contribute to the development of CSR skills. Finally, the attributes and skills could be used to conceptualize a focused CSR employability capital, which employers can use to test employability potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been shown to be invariant across informants, developmental stage and settings, but tests of cross‐cultural equivalence are limited to adolescents' self‐reports. The COVID‐19 pandemic makes this gap particularly pertinent, given the need to understand whether distinct government approaches (e.g., school closures) are uniquely associated with variability in children's psychosocial outcomes and the reliance on parents' ratings for young children. Methods: Within a Confirmatory Factor Analysis framework, we tested the cross‐cultural measurement invariance of the SDQ across six countries: Australia, China, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom and USA, using a sample of 1761 parents of 3‐ to 8‐year‐olds (M = 5.76, SD = 1.09). Results: A five‐factors model showed good fit to the data and partial cross‐cultural scalar invariance. In this sample, Swedish parents reported the fewest peer problems (Cohen's d = 0.950) and the highest prosocial scores (Cohen's d = 0.547), whilst British parents reported the greatest child emotional (Cohen's d = 0.412) and hyperactivity problems (Cohen's d = 0.535). Conclusions: The present results indicate that the parent‐version of the SDQ is appropriate for use and comparison across different contexts during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first purpose of this empirical study was to assess and validate the Academic Writing Self‐Efficacy Belief Questionnaire (AWSEBQ) framed by social cognitive theory. The second purpose was to evaluate the predictive effects of different aspects of self‐efficacy beliefs on academic writing performance. Data were collected from 743 learners at a Chinese university. The assessment and validation process involved a series of rigorous confirmatory factor analyses. The results validated the hypothesized five‐dimensional structure of academic writing self‐efficacy beliefs, including linguistic knowledge efficacy (LKE), self‐regulatory efficacy (SRE), information organization efficacy (IOE), writing performance efficacy (WPE), and rehearsal and memory efficacy (RME). Model comparisons confirmed the function of self‐efficacy beliefs as a multidimensional construct, in which the five factors were intercorrelated. The results of regression analysis demonstrated the significant predictive effects of five dimensions (i.e., LKE, SRE, IOE, WPE, and RME) on English as a foreign language (EFL) academic writing performance. The findings suggest that self‐efficacy beliefs can explain EFL academic writing performance. This study ends by providing theoretical and empirical implications for writing assessment and the possible enhancement of EFL academic writing. The Challenge: Self‐efficacy belief is thought to develop students' academic writing performance, but does it in a foreign language context? Can we conceptualize and develop a theoretically vigorous scale with robust psychometric properties to evaluate students' self‐efficacy beliefs about academic writing in a foreign language context? This article extends previous work on assessing self‐efficacy beliefs and L2 writing by exploring the multifaceted structure of self‐efficacy beliefs in foreign language academic writing settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs), or subclinical hallucinations and delusions, are common symptoms among young adults. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Psychotic‐Like Experiences Questionnaire for Children (PLEQ‐C) in Iranian school students. The study method was cross‐sectional, and the population consisted of Iranian school students aged 9–12 years, from whom 455 students were selected through the convenience sampling method. The participants then completed the PLEQ‐C, Prodromal Questionnaire‐Brief (PQ‐B), and Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences‐42 (CAPE‐42). The PLEQ‐C's psychometric properties were analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis while the reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. The convergent validity was assessed using the PQ‐B and CAPE‐42 measures. The findings showed that the PLEQ‐C has satisfactory internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.83), and the one‐factor structure provides a good fit for the observed data. The PLEQ‐C was also significantly correlated with the PQ‐B and CAPE‐42 questionnaires. Given the study findings, it is concluded that the PLEQ‐C has good validity for Iranian school students aged 9–12 years and can be used as a reliable and valid measure in psychological evaluations in the Iranian context. Practitioner Points: The reliability and validity of the Psychotic‐Like Experiences Questionnaire for Children (PLEQ‐C) have been investigated in Iranian school students and showed adequate internal consistency.PLEQ‐C was a valid and reliable instrument for assessing Iranian school students' psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs). This study indicated directions for future research.The PLEQ‐C can be widely used in screening PLEs and in various clinical and research situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]