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Underactuated construction lifting robots, which have been widely concerned by erudite researchers, always contain load hoisting/lowering motion. When the cable length is utilized as a variable, construction lifting robots produce violent load swing, which affects the construction safety undoubtedly and brings great challenges to the development of the controller. Moreover, most existing controllers may not take into account issues, such as initial input saturations and poor ability to suppress load swing, and they may utilize linearization or approximation. Inspired by these phenomena, a nonlinear coupling tracking controller for underactuated construction lifting robots with load hoisting/lowering under initial input saturations is proposed. With reference to expected trajectories to ensure the smooth operation of the construction lifting robot system, the initial input saturations are considered to make the trolley and cable start stably, respectively; a coupling signal, which contains actuated variables and underactuated variables, is constructed to improve the transient control performance of construction lifting robots. Combined with theoretical derivation, simulation, and experimental verification, the proposed controller achieves superior control performance, which ensures the accurate positionings of the system, and suppresses and eliminates the load swing effectively, so as to ensure the safe construction; the proposed controller admits outstanding robustness with respect to the changes of system parameters and the adverse effects of external disturbances. The proposed controller provides a novel antiswing strategy for construction lifting robots with load hoisting/lowering, which possesses excellent practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor occurrence is closely related to the unlimited proliferation and the evasion of the immune surveillance. However, it remains a challenge to kill tumor cells and simultaneously activate antitumor immunity upon spatially localized external stimuli. Herein, a robust tumor synergistic therapeutic nanoplatform is designed in combination with dual photosensitizers‐loaded upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and ferric‐tannic acid (FeTA) nanocomplex. Dual photosensitizers‐loaded UCNPs can induce photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect by generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) on demand under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation. FeTA can robustly respond to acidic tumor microenvironment to produce Fe2+ and subsequently induce chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by reacting with H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, the CDT/PDT synergy can not only exhibit significant antitumor ability but also induce ROS cascade to evoke immunogenic cell death. It increases tumor immunogenicity and promotes immune cell infiltration at tumor sites allowing further introduction of systemic immunotherapy responsiveness to inhibit the primary and distant tumor growth. This study provides a potential tumor microenvironment‐responsive nanoplatform for imaging‐guided diagnosis and combined CDT/PDT with improved immunotherapy responses and an external NIR‐light control of photoactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) has been widely used for localization of abnormal activity at the single‐voxel level in resting‐state fMRI (RS‐fMRI) studies. However, previous ALFF studies were based on fast Fourier transform (FFT‐ALFF). Our recent study found that ALFF based on wavelet transform (Wavelet‐ALFF) showed better sensitivity and reproducibility than FFT‐ALFF. The current study aimed to test the reliability and validity of Wavelet‐ALFF, and apply Wavelet‐ALFF to investigate the modulation effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The reliability and validity were assessed on multicenter RS‐fMRI datasets under eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) conditions (248 healthy participants in total). We then detected the sensitivity of Wavelet‐ALFF using a rTMS modulation dataset (24 healthy participants). For each dataset, Wavelet‐ALFF based on five mother wavelets (i.e., db2, bior4.4, morl, meyr and sym3) and FFT‐ALFF were calculated in the conventional band and five frequency sub‐bands. The results showed that the reliability of both inter‐scanner and intra‐scanner was higher with Wavelet‐ALFF than with FFT‐ALFF across multiple frequency bands, especially db2‐ALFF in the higher frequency band slow‐2 (0.1992–0.25 Hz). In terms of validity, the multicenter ECEO datasets showed that the effect sizes of Wavelet‐ALFF with all mother wavelets (especially for db2‐ALFF) were larger than those of FFT‐ALFF across multiple frequency bands. Furthermore, Wavelet‐ALFF detected a larger modulation effect than FFT‐ALFF. Collectively, Wavelet db2‐ALFF showed the best reliability and validity, suggesting that db2‐ALFF may offer a powerful metric for inspecting regional spontaneous brain activities in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat plants are ubiquitously simultaneously exposed to salinity and limited iron availability caused by soil saline‐alkalisation. Through this study, we found that both low Fe and NaCl severely inhibited the growth of seminal roots in wheat seedlings; however, sufficient Fe caused greater growth cessation of seminal roots than low Fe under salt stress. Low Fe improved the root meristematic division activity, not altering the mature cell sizes compared with sufficient Fe under salt stress. Foliar Fe spray and split‐root experiments showed that low Fe‐alleviating the salinity‐induced growth cessation of seminal roots was dependent on local low Fe signals in the roots. Ionomics combined with TEM/X‐ray few differences in the root Na+ uptake and vacuolar Na+ sequestration between two Fe levels under salt stress. Phytohormone profiling and metabolomics revealed salinity‐induced overaccumulation of ACC/ethylene and tryptophan/auxin in the roots under sufficient Fe than under low Fe. Differential gene expression, pharmacological inhibitor addition and the root growth performance of transgenic wheat plants revealed that the rootward auxin efflux and was responsible for the low Fe‐mediated amelioration of the salinity‐induced growth cessation of seminal roots. Our findings will provide novel insights into the modulation of crop root growth under salt stress. Summary statement: We found that low Fe ameliorated the salinity‐induced growth cessation of wheat seminal roots, and our findings will provide novel insights into the understanding of Fe involved nutrient interactions and the modulation of crop root growth under salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induces electric fields that depolarise or hyperpolarise neurons. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned form of TMS that is delivered at the theta frequency (~5 Hz), induces neuroplasticity in the hippocampus, a brain region that is implicated in memory and learning. One form of plasticity that is unique to the hippocampus is adult neurogenesis; however, little is known about whether TMS or iTBS in particular affects newborn neurons. Here, we therefore applied repeated sessions of iTBS to male and female mice and measured the extent of adult neurogenesis and the morphological features of immature neurons. We found that repeated sessions of iTBS did not significantly increase the amount of neurogenesis or affect the gross dendritic morphology of new neurons, and there were no sex differences in neurogenesis rates or aspects of afferent morphology. In contrast, efferent properties of newborn neurons varied as a function of sex and stimulation. Chronic iTBS increased the size of mossy fibre terminals, which synapse onto Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) pyramidal neurons, but only in males. iTBS also increased the number of terminal‐associated filopodia, putative synapses onto inhibitory interneurons but only in male mice. This efferent plasticity could result from a general trophic effect, or it could reflect accelerated maturation of immature neurons. Given the important role of mossy fibre synapses in hippocampal learning, our results identify a neurobiological effect of iTBS that might be associated with sex‐specific changes in cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using shortcuts to adiabatic (STA) method, the proposal is to implement a fast multi‐photon down‐conversion, which can rapidly create 2N photons from the quantum vacuum based on the counter‐rotating effect of an ultrastrong light–matter coupling. The energy for the produced photons is given by a high‐frequency pump field. The STA method is used to design the driving fields to induce a rapid population transfer. Such an accelerated evolution can restrain the influence of decoherence during the evolution, so as to generate Fock states from vacuum with high fidelities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of the guanidinium iodide (GAI) cation is widely recognized as an interface engineering technique for perovskite solar cells that deliver stability improvements via defect passivation on surfaces and grain boundaries. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the structural and photophysical properties is lacking. Herein, GAI‐induced perovskite structural modifications, including derivative phases and underlying transitions, are detected in GAI surface‐treated Cs0.07MA0.14FA0.79Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 through an analysis of X‐ray and electron diffraction and microscopy data. An optimum GAI solution concentration at 10 mg mL−1 can eliminate excess PbI2, improve crystallinity, and increase grain size of the as‐prepared perovskite films. However, a further increase to 20–40 mg mL−1 induces new (FAPbI3)x(GA2PbI4)x phases and a reduction in crystallinity and grain size. In addition, from confocal photoluminescence imaging, it is observed that 10 mg mL−1 GAI also helps to remove the microscale spatial heterogeneities, demonstrating optimum device performance. These results show that understanding the impact on structure and microstructure of the selection and concentration of surface treatment agents is critical for the homogenization of perovskite optoelectronic properties and achieving efficient device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the underwater structure disease of the bridge is increasingly obvious, which has seriously affected the safe operation of the bridge structure, so it is necessary to detect the underwater structure regularly. There are many kinds of bridge underwater structure diseases. This paper targets the bridge underwater structural crack diseases adopts multiple image recognition networks for verification, compares the advantages of different networks, and takes the YOLO‐v4 network as the main body to build a lightweight convolutional neural network.Mobilenetv3 replaced CSPDarkent as the backbone feature extraction network, while the feature layer scale of Mobilenetv3 was modified, and the extracted preliminary feature layer was input into the enhanced feature extraction network for feature fusion. The PANet networks are replaced by the depthwise separable convolution. Using ablation experiments to compare the performance of four algorithm combinations in lightweight networks. At the same time, the disease identification accuracy of each network and the performance of the network are tested in various experimental environments, and the feasibility of the lightweight network is verified in the application of bridge underwater structure damage identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aplastic anaemia, cytokine-induced memory-like NK cell, natural killer cells, single-cell RNA sequencing We didn't detect NCAM (CD56) in the dataset and used CD7/KLRD1/KLRF1/NGK7/GNLY as specific NK cell markers.[3] As expected, all these eight clusters expressed high levels of NK cell-specific markers (Figure 1B). Keywords: aplastic anaemia; cytokine-induced memory-like NK cell; natural killer cells; single-cell RNA sequencing EN aplastic anaemia cytokine-induced memory-like NK cell natural killer cells single-cell RNA sequencing 1 6 6 12/29/22 20221201 NES 221201 Dear Editor, In recently, we reported the important contribution of nature killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). (B) LogFC bar graph of DEGs identified in NK cells by comparing HC-BM cells with HC-PB cells. [Extracted from the article]

Pathogenic variants in HPRT1 lead to deficiency in hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and are responsible for a spectrum of disorders. The severe phenotype is termed Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS) and is inherited in an X‐linked recessive manner. Most individuals with LNS have profound intellectual and physical disabilities throughout life including self‐mutilating behaviors. Here, we present the case of a male infant who was diagnosed with LNS at 3 weeks of age via rapid exome sequencing (ES), which revealed a hemizygous maternally inherited deletion of at least 1.3 Mb of Xq26.3, including exons 2 to 9 of HPRT1. We discuss the critical time points leading to this diagnosis while highlighting his parents' values that guided the decision‐making. Genetic testing provided an early diagnosis for this infant that led to important considerations regarding goals of care in addition to raising new ethical concerns. This highlights the important role that early and rapid diagnostic genetic testing can play in helping families make difficult decisions. Additionally, this case highlights the complexity of discussing rare genetic diagnoses with families and facilitating critical discussions to empower the family toward making an informed decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain the stationary elliptic‐ and hyperbolic‐function solutions of the nonlocal reverse‐time and reverse‐space‐time nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations based on their connection with the standard Weierstrass elliptic equation. The reverse‐time NLS equation possesses the bounded dn$$ \mathrm{dn} $$‐, cn$$ \mathrm{cn} $$‐, sn$$ \mathrm{sn} $$‐, sech$$ \operatorname{sech} $$‐, and tanh$$ \tanh $$‐function solutions. Of special interest, the tanh$$ \tanh $$‐function solution can display both the dark‐ and antidark‐soliton profiles. The reverse‐space‐time NLS equation admits the general Jacobian elliptic‐function solutions (which are exponentially growing at one infinity or display the periodical oscillation in x$$ x $$), the bounded dn$$ \mathrm{dn} $$‐ and cn$$ \mathrm{cn} $$‐function solutions, as well as the K$$ K $$‐shifted dn$$ \mathrm{dn} $$‐ and sn$$ \mathrm{sn} $$ function solutions. In addition, the hyperbolic‐function solutions may exhibit an exponential growth behavior at one infinity, or show the gray/bright‐soliton profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have received widespread interest for their high atomic efficiency, enriched active sites, excellent catalytic performance, and low cost. However, the agglomeration of single metal atoms and the use of inactive additives for affixing powdery SACs on planar electrodes may reduce the density of active sites, diminish the charge transport to active sites, and thus suppress their performance. Herein, a series of metal–nitrogen–carbon single‐atom aerogels (M‐SAAs, M: Cu, Ni, Au, Ru) are synthesized via a universal strategy, in which the merits of metal organic frameworks and carbon aerogels are perfectly combined to prevent the agglomeration of single metal atoms and overcome the problem of poor electrical conductivity. The as‐prepared M‐SAAs can be directly employed as self‐supporting electrodes for the electrochemical dechlorination of 1,2‐dichloroethane, and outstanding activity and stability are observed. Significantly, the Cu‐SAA with abundant Cu−N4 sites shows an extraordinarily high ethylene production rate of 446 µmol h−1, with a selectivity of 99% and Faradaic efficiency of 64%. Moreover, theoretical calculations are performed to demonstrate the selectivity and activity of different metal active sites. This study provides a new strategy to exploit highly effective SACs and offers an intensive insight into the mechanism of electrochemical dechlorination reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of glycoproteins and the comparison of protein N‐glycosylation from different eukaryotic origins require unbiased and robust analytical workflows. The structural and functional analysis of vertebrate protein N‐glycosylation currently depends extensively on bacterial peptide‐N4‐(N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminyl) asparagine amidases (PNGases), which are indispensable enzymatic tools in releasing asparagine‐linked oligosaccharides (N‐glycans) from glycoproteins. So far, only limited PNGase candidates are available for N‐glycans analysis, and particularly the analysis of plant and invertebrate N‐glycans is hampered by the lack of suitable PNGases. Furthermore, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) workflows, such as hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS), require a highly efficient enzymatic release of N‐glycans at low pH values to facilitate the comprehensive structural analysis of glycoproteins. Herein, we describe a previously unstudied superacidic bacterial N‐glycanase (PNGase H+) originating from the soil bacterium Rudaea cellulosilytica (Rc), which has significantly improved enzymatic properties compared to previously described PNGase H+ variants. Active and soluble recombinant PNGase Rc was expressed at a higher protein level (3.8‐fold) and with higher specific activity (~56% increase) compared to the currently used PNGase H+ variant from Dyella japonicum (Dj). Recombinant PNGase Rc was able to deglycosylate the glycoproteins horseradish peroxidase and bovine lactoferrin significantly faster than PNGase Dj (10 min vs. 6 h). The versatility of PNGase Rc was demonstrated by releasing N‐glycans from a diverse array of samples such as peach fruit, king trumpet mushroom, mouse serum, and the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The presence of only two disulfide bonds shown in the AlphaFold protein model (so far all other superacidic PNGases possess more disulfide bonds) could be corroborated by intact mass‐ and peptide mapping analysis and provides a possible explanation for the improved recombinant expression yield of PNGase Rc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nobiletin (Nob) is reported to exhibit neuroprotective properties, which is limited by its low oral bioavailability. Antarctic krill oil (AKO) is abundant in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the form of phospholipids, which exhibit an amphiphilic property. It is unclear whether AKO can enhance the bioavailability of nobiletin to facilitate the combined effect on neuroprotection. In the present study, the absorption of Nob carried by AKO is significantly enhanced in contrast to that suspended in corn oil. Moreover, Aβ1–42 injected rats are utilized to clarify the effect of the combination of Nob and AKO on improving the memory and learning ability. Results present that the combination of AKO and Nob significantly reverses the cognitive and learning defects induced by Aβ1–42 injection, but does not have ideal synergistic effect compared to AKO or Nob alone treated groups. Further molecular experiments imply that the neuroprotective effect may be attributed to the reduction of oxidative stress, the inhibition of apoptosis and tau phosphorylation, as well as the improvement of the neurotrophic activity. This study provides scientific insights and theoretical guidance for the nutritional interventions of the combined development of nobiletin and AKO to prevent neuropsychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer based near‐infrared emission and polarity‐sensitive fluorescent probe (E)‐3‐((E)‐2‐chloro‐3‐((E)‐2‐(3‐ethyl‐1,1‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzo[e]indol‐2(3H)‐ylidene)ethylidene)cyclohex‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (M‐NA) was developed. This probe consisted of benzomerocyanine unit and o‐hydroxyacetophenone unit. In high‐polar solvent, M‐NA displayed higher fluorescence and longer emission wavelength. Theoretical calculations data showed that M‐NA had larger emission oscillator strength and lower non‐radiative decay in high polarity media, corresponding with the fluorescence character. Further experiments verified that M‐NA possessed excellent selectivity and stability, and could further quantify the accurate polarity as well as the water content of binary mixed solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much effort has been devoted to the generation of fluorescent probes by synthetic approaches. In this study, we developed a facile strategy to construct far‐red fluorescent probes based on through‐space charge transfer within complexes of acceptors and donors and their "twist+twist" interactions. Owing to their rare two‐photon excitation property, the complexes could be used for in vivo imaging of the mouse cerebrovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the shear wave elastography (SWE) of the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) in different stages of frozen shoulder and to analyze its correlation with the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and shoulder range of motion (ROM). Methods: Sixty‐four patients with frozen shoulder were divided into three stages: stage I (freezing phase), stage II (frozen phase), and stage III (thawing phase). The SWE of the CHL of the affected and healthy sides was measured and compared in the different stages. The VAS score and ROM of the affected side were evaluated, and their correlation with the SWE of the CHL was analyzed in the different stages. Results: In stage I frozen shoulder, the SWE of the CHL on the affected side was lower than that on the healthy side, while in stages II and III, the SWE on the affected side was higher (P =.001 for all). The SWE of the CHL of the affected side was different across the three stages; the SWE in stages II and III higher than that in stage I (P <.01), while the difference between stages II and III was not significant (P >.05). The SWE of the CHL of the affected side was negatively correlated with the VAS score but not with forward flexion (Ff), external rotation (Er) or internal rotation (Ir) in stage I; in stages II and III, it was positively correlated with the VAS score and negatively correlated with Ff, Er, and Ir. Conclusions: The CHL stiffness of the affected side and its correlation with the shoulder VAS score and ROM are different for different stages of frozen shoulder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Devices operating with excitons have promising prospects for overcoming the dilemma of response time and integration in current generation of electron‐ or/and photon‐based elements and devices. In combination with the advantages of emerging twistronics and valleytronics, the atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors open up new opportunities for pursuing practical excitonic devices, where the strong exciton binding energy enables operating exciton at room temperature. The essential and foremost step toward exciton devices is the control of spatiotemporal exciton flux, which is density‐dependent and affected by the complex many‐body interactions. It can be effectively controlled by the strain, electric field, electron‐doping, and local dielectric environment. Intriguingly, exotic phenomena such as exciton condensation, electron‐hole liquid, exciton Hall effects, and exciton halo effects can be occurred in 2D exciton system, providing new possibilities for excitonic devices. Up to now, the proof‐of‐principle of room temperature exciton devices, including excitonic switching and transistor, exciton guides, and excitonic nanolaser, have been realized. Here the authors review the recent advances in molding 2D exciton flux from basic principle, manipulation, exotic phenomena to promising applications and discuss the opportunities and challenges in pushing the frontiers of room temperature excitonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new polarity sensitive fluorescent probe CO‐DBD with deep‐red to near‐infrared emission was designed and synthesized. CO‐DBD consists of β‐diketone‐boron difluoride and coumarin moieties, showing higher fluorescence intensity and shorter emission wavelength in low‐polarity solvent. Notably, CO‐DBD gives high absolute fluorescence quantum yield of 0.631 in toluene. Theoretical calculation results verify that the polarity response is attributed to intramolecular charge transfer and twisted intramolecular charge transfer process. Further experimental data demonstrate that CO‐DBD displays high selectivity, sensitivity and excellent stability. The precise polarity of binary mixture can be quantified by ratio fluorescence intensity of CO‐DBD. Moreover, this probe is successfully applied for live cell imaging with high contrast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rice husk‐derived MCM‐41 catalyst has been synthesized, and active metal Co3O4 nanoparticles were incorporated. The synthesized MCM‐41 derived from rice husk exhibited highly ordered p6mm hexagonal symmetry. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalyst was investigated for glycerol carbonate (GLc) synthesis through transesterification of glycerol (GLy) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Experimentally, it was found that 5 wt.% cobalt incorporated MCM‐41 activated at 400°C showed a higher yield of GLc, 60.2%, due to its optimum basicity. Approximately, 98.7 ± 1.2% GLy conversion and 94.1 ± 0.7% GLc yield was achieved with the batch reactor at adjusted conditions: a molar ratio of DMC‐to‐glycerol = 3, catalyst dosage = 6 wt.% (based on glycerol mass), reaction temperature = 90°C, and reaction time = 2 h. The transesterification reaction kinetics were also studied using the ODE 15s tool in MATLAB. The catalyst's activation energy was calculated as 58.2 ± 2.4 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kidney cancer is the fastest‐growing cancer diagnosis in the developed world. About 16% of new cases are stage IV, which has a low five‐year survival rate. Many patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are older and may have mild cognitive impairment or dementia (MCI/D). Given prior reports of patients with dementia initiating less cancer therapy and the importance of oral anticancer agents (OAAs) in mRCC treatment, we investigated the prevalence of preexisting MCI/D in patients with mRCC and their OAA use. Methods: SEER‐Medicare patients were analyzed who were ≥65 years, diagnosed with mRCC between 2007 and 2015, and had Medicare part D coverage. Patterns and predictors of (a) OAA utilization within the 12 months following mRCC diagnosis and (b) adherence (percent of days covered [PDC] ≥ 80%) during the first 90 days following treatment initiation were assessed. Results: Of the 2792 eligible patients, 268 had preexisting MCI/D, and 907 initiated OAA treatment within 12 months of mRCC diagnosis. Patients with preexisting MCI/D were less likely to begin an OAA than those without MCI/D (fully‐adjusted HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38–0.76). Among OAA initiators, a preexisting MCI/D diagnosis did not alter the likelihood that a person would be adherent (adjusted RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.55–1.28). Conclusions: Patients with preexisting MCI/D were half as likely to start an OAA during the year following mRCC diagnosis than patients without comorbid MCI/D. The 90‐day adherence of OAA initiators was not significantly different between those with and without preexisting MCI/D. In light of this, clinicians should assess mRCC patients for cognitive impairment and take steps to optimize OAA utilization by those with MCI/D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lattice defects in perovskite solar cells comprising polycrystalline films affect the cell's humidity stability and photovoltaic performance. Herein, a donor–pi–acceptor organic dye molecule (ZT001) containing a carboxyl group on the acceptor moiety and long alkyl chains on the donor moiety is synthesized and used as an effective passivator in perovskite solar cells. It is revealed in the results that the carboxyl group of ZT001 successfully passivates the film defects by forming coordination with uncoordinated Pb2+, and the humidity stability of the device is improved and maintained above 80% of the original photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). Therefore, ZT001‐passivated perovskite devices exhibit a superior PCE of 20.6% compared with the PCE of unpassivated devices (19.5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding present and future impacts of drought on the terrestrial carbon budget is of great significance to the evaluation of terrestrial ecosystem disturbance and terrestrial carbon sink. Here, we evaluate the effect of vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) associated with drought through the difference between the mean NPP in the drought and normal years during a specific time period (30 years). Then, the NPP effects in different vegetation types and climatic zones under baseline stage (1981–2010) and future climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) is assessed. The results indicate that the negative NPP extremes are captured in most regions, except for the high‐latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. The NPP loss caused by extreme droughts in 2071–2100 is largest under RCPs, followed by the effects of severe and moderate droughts. Regionally, central United States, southern Africa, central Asia, India, Amazon tropical rainforest, and Australia are projected to experience a significant increase in negative NPP extremes and most of these regions are in arid and semi‐arid and tropical rain forest areas. In contrast, tropical Asia suffers little drought effects. For different vegetation, Evergreen Broadleaf Forest, Closed Shrubland, Open Shrubland, Croplands, and Grassland are the most affected by drought. The largest NPP loss occurs in most part of regions under RCP4.5 scenario, not RCP8.5. Climate change is projected to play the largest role in aggravating the risk of drought‐induced NPP reduction. And meanwhile, the adverse effects of drought on vegetation may be resisted through rational fertilizer utilization and land management in future. Plain Language Summary: Drought is already the most widespread factor affecting terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) via direct physiological effects, such as water limitation and heat stress. Nevertheless, the effects of drought on terrestrial ecosystems under future climate change are still highly uncertain. In this study, we assess and compare the present and future impact of drought on vegetation net primary productivity. The results suggest that global drought events are projected to be intensified and frequent in the coming decades. Drought‐related NPP reduction is prevalent especially in the arid and semi‐arid areas and tropical regions at the end of 21st century. Extreme drought depresses NPP most under RCPs, followed by severe and moderate droughts. For vegetation, the adverse impact on NPP induced by drought under RCPs is increasingly significant in Evergreen Broadleaf Forest, Grassland, Savanna, and Cropland. Climate change is projected to play the largest role in aggravating the risk of drought‐induced NPP reduction. These results highlight the growing vulnerability of ecosystem productivity to droughts, implying increased adverse impacts of these climate extremes on terrestrial carbon sinks. Key Points: Net primary productivity (NPP) reduction associated with drought is prevalent especially in the arid and semi‐arid areas and tropical regionsAdverse impact of drought on NPP under RCPs is large in Evergreen Broadleaf Forest, Shrubland, Grassland, and CroplandThe largest NPP loss occurs under RCP4.5. Climate change plays the largest role in aggravating the risk of drought‐induced NPP reduction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cytosensors, a combination of the PEC process and the living‐cell assay, have emerged as a powerful tool in the analytical and biological science. This mini review provides a brief introduction of this arena and summaries the key steps about the development of PEC cytosensors with representative examples, followed by future prospects based on our own opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: During embryonic haematopoiesis, haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) develop from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) though endothelial to haematopoietic transition (EHT). However, little is known about how EHT is regulated in human. Here, we report that GFI1 plays an essential role in enabling normal EHT during haematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Results: GFI1 deletion in hESCs leads to a complete EHT defect due to a closed chromatin state of hematopoietic genes in HECs. Mechanically, directly regulates important signaling pathways essential for the EHT such as PI3K signaling.etc. Conclutions: Together, our findings reveal an essential role of GFI1 mediated epigenetic mechanism underlying human EHT during hematopoiesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reproductive function of animals is often affected by climatic conditions. High‐temperature conditions can cause damage to oocyte maturation and embryonic development in a variety of ways. The purpose of this study was to prove that supplementation idebenone (IDB) to the maturation medium can improve the maturation and development of porcine oocytes after heat stress (HS). Porcine cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in the maturation medium with different concentrations of IDB (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM) for 44 hr at either 38.5°C or under the HS conditions. The cumulus oophorus expansion, nuclear maturation and blastocyst rate after parthenogenetic activation (PA) were measured. We found that HS (in vitro maturation 20–24 hr, 42°C) exposure significantly reduced cumulus expansion index and maturation rate of oocytes and the blastocyst rate of PA embryos, while IDB supplementation significantly improved oocyte maturation and development to the blastocysts stage after PA. Moreover, the addition of IDB decreased the intracellular level of ROS and increased GSH content, hence enhancing the antioxidant capacity of oocytes under HS. Meanwhile, IDB treatment also obviously improved the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis of oocytes under HS conditions. Furthermore, IDB treatment increased the expression of GDF9 and BMP15 in IVM oocytes which attribute to improve the quality and outcome of IVM oocytes and the development competence of PA embryos in pigs. In summary, we demonstrated that IDB supplementation into the maturation medium exerted protective effects and improved the ability of maturation and developmental competence of porcine oocytes exposed to HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Pteris vittata is an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator that can accumulate several thousand mg As kg−1 DW in aboveground biomass. A key factor for its hyperaccumulation ability is its highly efficient As long‐distance translocation system. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.We isolated PvAsE1 through the full‐length cDNA over‐expression library of P. vittata and characterized it through a yeast system, RNAi gametophytes and sporophytes, subcellular‐location and in situ hybridization. Phylogenomic analysis was conducted to estimate the appearance time of PvAsE1.PvAsE1 was a plasma membrane‐oriented arsenite (AsIII) effluxer. The silencing of PvAsE1 reduced AsIII long‐distance translocation in P. vittata sporophytes. PvAsE1 was structurally similar to solute carrier (SLC)13 proteins. Its transcripts could be observed in parenchyma cells surrounding the xylem of roots. The appearance time was estimated at c. 52.7 Ma.PvAsE1 was a previously uncharacterized SLC13‐like AsIII effluxer, which may contribute to AsIII long‐distance translocation via xylem loading. PvAsE1 appeared late in fern evolution and might be an adaptive subject to the selection pressure at the Cretaceaou–Paleogene boundary. The identification of PvAsE1 provides clues for revealing the special As hyperaccumulation characteristics of P. vittata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Molecular scaffolds endowed with all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter are ubiquitous in natural products and significant bioactive molecules. However, efficient construction of this type of structure units is full of challenge due to their congested chemical environment. Herein, we report a new gold(I) self‐relay catalysis merging [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement/Nazarov cyclization with allylic alkylation starting from 1,3‐enyne acetates and allylic alcohols, producing a wide range of synthetically important allyl cyclopentenones with an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter in good yields under mild conditions. This protocol demonstrates the precise control of regioselectivity, high functional group tolerance of substrates and the low loading of gold catalyst without inert atmosphere protection, providing a catalytic and efficient entry to all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia (NH3), an air pollutant in the living environment, has many toxic effects on various tissues and organs. However, the underlying mechanisms of NH3‐induced tracheal cell autophagy remains poorly understood. In present study, chickens and LMH cells were used as NH3 exposure models to investigate toxic effects. The change of tracheal tissues ultrastructure showed that NH3 exposure induced autolysosomes. The differential expression of 12 circularRNAs (circRNAs) was induced by NH3 exposure using circRNAs transcriptome analysis in broiler tracheas. We further found that circ‐IFNLR1 was down‐regulated, and miR‐2188‐5p was up‐regulated in tracheal tissues under NH3 exposure. Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporter system showed that circ‐IFNLR1 bound directly to miR‐2188‐5p and regulated each other, and miR‐2188‐5p regulated RNF182. Overexpression of miR‐2188‐5p caused autophagy and its inhibition partially reversed autophagy in LMH cells which were caused by ammonia stimulation or knockdown of circ‐IFNLR1. The expressions of three autophagy‐related genes (LC3, Beclin 1, and BNIP3) were observably up‐regulated. Our results indicated that NH3 exposure caused autophagy through circ‐IFNLR1/miR‐2188‐5p/RNF182. These results provided new insights for the study of ammonia on environmental toxicology on ceRNA and circRNAs in vivo and vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Baha SP ® sp Attract system, a new type of non-skin penetrating bone conduction implants (BCIs), has proven to be efficacious, with fewer soft tissue complications than its percutaneous counterparts.1 The implantation of Baha SP ® sp Attract can be performed simultaneously with staged auricle reconstruction surgery, reducing the number of surgeries required and associated expenditures. Long-term hearing performance and soft tissue outcomes of the Baha® Attract system in patients with bilateral congenital microtia in a single centre During simultaneous surgery which combines the implantation with second staged auricle reconstruction surgery, the subcutaneous retroauricular fascial flap above the implant is dissected and rotated to cover the dorsal part of the reconstructed auricle, leading to a thinner subcutaneous layer and theoretically vulnerable skin on the implant side.2 It is still unclear how simultaneous surgery affects the long-term soft tissue safety and hearing performance of Baha SP ® sp Attract. Keywords: adverse event; Baha Attract; hearing performance; microtia EN adverse event Baha Attract hearing performance microtia 357 363 7 02/17/22 20220301 NES 220301 INTRODUCTION Bone-anchored hearing implants can be considered as an effective way for hearing rehabilitation in people with bilateral microtia who are not eligible for meatoplasty and tympanoplasty. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Thisstudy aimed to investigate the impact of fish oil–based lipid emulsion (FO) on enterohepatic injuries and intestinal microbiota in piglets of parenteral nutrition (PN). Methods: Newborn piglets were divided into three groups, including enteral diet (the controls), PN with 100% FO and PN with medium‐chain triglyceride/long‐chain triglyceride–based lipid emulsion (MCT/LCT) for 14 days. Serum biochemical indicators, hepatic and intestinal histology, and expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism were measured. The bile acid (BA) profiles in serum and the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome in different intestinal segments were analyzed. Results: Compared with MCT/LCT–piglets, FO reduced inflammation, promoted fatty acid oxidation, and decreased oxidative stress in the liver. In the intestine, FO decreased intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability, leading to reduced lipopolysaccharide entry into the blood circulation relative to MCT/LCT–piglets. PN groups have dominant contents of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides, whereas the control group have Firmicutes at the phylum level. FO altered the taxonomic compositions of the gut microbiome in different segments, increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae in ileum, and Rikenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae in the colon. FO treatment shifted BA composition ratio in serum and had a lower ratio of secondary BAs to primary BAs. Conclusion: FO alleviates PNLAD and intestinal injury by regulating the homeostasis of BAs' enterohepatic circulation and altering microbiota composition in different intestinal segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electro‐responsive hydrogel with semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPN) composed of crosslinked poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐l‐propanesulfonic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (P(AMPS‐AM)) and linear polyelectrolyte polyacrylic acid (PAA) was explored. The semi‐IPN hydrogel was characterized with different methods and then used as advanced draw agent toward high water recovery for forward osmosis (FO) desalination. The swelling kinetics of the semi‐IPN hydrogel was investigated, and the electro‐responsive nature of the hydrogel under electric stimulus (in direct contact with electrodes) was determined. Results indicated that in comparison with pure P(AMPS‐AM) hydrogel, the semi‐IPN hydrogel exhibited a loose network structure with more pores. In addition, a higher equilibrium swelling capacity and more pronounced deswelling under electric stimulus can be observed for the semi‐IPN hydrogel. Furthermore, the semi‐IPN hydrogel displayed a similar initial water flux of 2.20 L m−2 h−1 (LMH) from 2 g/L NaCl solution of a lab‐scale FO process. Importantly, the semi‐IPN hydrogel had a 25% increase in water recovery efficiency under the electric stimulus of 15 V, and showed better recyclability during three cycles of regeneration compared with pure P(AMPS‐AM). The mechanism of enhanced dewatering nature for the semi‐IPN hydrogel under electric stimulus was elucidated. These results indicate this new hydrogel's potential as a promising candidate for improving FO performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different from the general schemes of two‐mode mechanical squeezing, a dissipative scheme to generate strong and robust two‐mode mechanical squeezing via frequency modulation of cavity modes in a cavity optomechanical system consisting of a modulated two‐mode optical cavity and two mechanical oscillators is proposed. It is shown that the 20dB${\mathrm{20\nobreakspace dB}}$ strong mechanical squeezing, which is highly robust against the thermal noise, can be engineered by means of cavity dissipation. Moreover, the squeezing mechanism is explored via analytical approach and it is found that the squeezing direction is controlled by modulation amplitude. The scheme provides an alternative pathway to generate strong mechanical–mechanical entanglement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aqueous zinc‐ion batteries have been extensively studied among energy storage devices due to the excellent electrochemical performance, high safety, and low cost. Recently, vanadium oxide (V2O5) cathode materials have received much attention owing to the high theoretical capacity. However, it is still hindered by some drawbacks, including poor electronic conductivity, sluggish kinetics for zinc‐ion diffusion, and cathode dissolution in the electrolyte. To address these issues, the cathode material of V2O5 particles coated by a layer of polypyrrole (V2O5/PPy) has been prepared by an environmental favorable route in this work. It was found that the PPy coating layer can efficiently enhance the cyclic and rate performance. The obtained V2O5@PPy cathode demonstrates a high capacity retention of 95.6 % after 300 cycles, and deliver a high‐rate capacity of 68.4 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. The theoretical computation clarifies that PPy coating can weaken the electrostatic interaction between V2O5 matrix and zinc‐ion and therefore boost the insertion/extraction process of Zn2+ ion. This work provides a valuable insight into the underlying action mechanism of polymer‐coated cathode materials for Zn2+ storage in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmission lines are affected by aeolian vibration, sandstorms and acid rain, which cause structural damage and eventually lead to line breaking accidents. In this paper, the structural health monitoring technology of conductors is researched, and a structural monitoring system for conductors is designed. First, based on the structure of the ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) conductor and the dynamic equation, the relation between the natural frequencies and the structure of the conductor is obtained. Then, an online health monitoring system of the conductor structure is proposed, and key issues, such as the power supply solution of sensors, data preprocessing technology, multiple‐sensor synchronization method, are analyzed in detail. Finally, the structural health monitoring of overhead transmission lines designed in this paper is tested on 110‐kV experimental transmission lines. The experimental results show that from the system proposed the operation parameters of the conductors can be well obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of tumor antigens leads to a low response rate, which represents a major challenge in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Pyroptosis, which releases tumor antigens and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that induce antitumor immunity and boost ICB efficiency, potentially leads to injury when occurring in normal tissues. Therefore, a strategy and highly efficient agent to induce tumor‐specific pyroptosis but reduce pyroptosis in normal tissues is urgently required. Here, a smart tumor microenvironmental reactive oxygen species (ROS)/glutathione (GSH) dual‐responsive nano‐prodrug (denoted as MCPP) with high paclitaxel (PTX) and photosensitizer purpurin 18 (P18) loading is rationally designed. The ROS/GSH dual‐responsive system facilitates the nano‐prodrug response to high ROS/GSH in the tumor microenvironment and achieves optimal drug release in tumors. ROS generated by P18 after laser irradiation achieves controlled release and induces tumor cell pyroptosis with PTX by chemo‐photodynamic therapy. Pyroptotic tumor cells release DAMPs, thus initiating adaptive immunity, boosting ICB efficiency, achieving tumor regression, generating immunological memory, and preventing tumor recurrence. Mechanistically, chemo‐photodynamic therapy and control‐release PTX synergistically induce gasdermin E (GSDME)‐related pyroptosis. It is speculated that inspired chemo‐photodynamic therapy using the presented nano‐prodrug strategy can be a smart strategy to trigger pyroptosis and augment ICB efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With reduced background and high sensitivity, photoelectrochemistry (PEC) may be applied as an intracellular nanotool and open a new technological direction of single‐cell study. Nevertheless, the present palette of single‐cell tools lacks such a PEC‐oriented solution. Here a dual‐functional photocathodic single‐cell nanotool capable of direct electroosmotic intracellular drug delivery and evaluation of oxidative stress is devised by engineering a target‐specific organic molecule/NiO/Ni film at the tip of a nanopipette. Specifically, the organic molecule probe serves simultaneously as the biorecognition element and sensitizer to synergize with p‐type NiO. Upon intracellular delivery at picoliter level, the oxidative stress effect will cause structural change of the organic probe, switching its optical absorption and altering the cathodic response. This work has revealed the potential of PEC single‐cell nanotool and extended the boundary of current single‐cell electroanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Although software libraries promote code reuse and facilitate software development, they increase the complexity of programme analysis tasks. To effectively analyse programmes built on top of software libraries, it is essential to have specifications for the library methods that can be easily processed by analysis tools. However, the availability of such specifications is seriously limited at the moment. Manually writing the specifications can be prohibitively expensive and error‐prone, while existing automated approaches to inferring the specifications seldom produce results that are strong enough to be used in programme analysis. In this work, we propose the Doc2smt approach to generating strong functional constraints in SMT for library methods based on their documentations. Doc2smt first applies natural language processing (NLP) techniques and a set of rules to translate a method's natural language documentation into a large number of candidate constraint clauses in OCL. Then, it utilizes a manually enhanced domain model to identify OCL candidate constraint clauses that comply with the problem domain in static validation, translates well‐formed OCL constraints into the SMT‐LIB format, and checks whether each SMB‐LIB constraint rightly abstracts the functionalities of the method under consideration via testing in dynamic validation. In the end, it reports the first functional constraint that survives both validations to the user as the result. We have implemented the approach into a supporting tool with the same name. In experiments conducted on 451 methods from the Java Collections Framework and the Java IO library, Doc2smt generated correct constraints for 309 methods, with the average generation time for each correct constraint being merely 2.7 min. We have also applied the generated constraints to facilitate symbolic‐execution‐based test generation with the Symbolic Java PathFinder (SPF) tool. For 24 utility methods manipulating Java container and IO objects, SPF with access to the generated constraints produced 51.2 times more test cases than SPF without the access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The no‐reference image quality assessment (NR‐IQA) method can evaluate the distortions in an image without the reference image. However, due to the diversity of the image contents and distortion types, it is hard for the existing NR‐IQA algorithms to obtain competitive performance on both synthetically and authentically distorted images. To address the problem, a multiscale feature representation‐based NR‐IQA method that performs well for both synthetic and authentic distortions is proposed. This model consists of two parts: The feature extraction part and the feature fusion part. First, part of the Res2Net‐50 network is chosen as the feature extraction part due to its high ability in increasing the range of receptive fields. Then, the feature fusion part consisting of a novel residual block and two fully connected layers is designed to fuse the extracted features and realize the quality score mapping. After a series of stepwise optimization experiments, the most competitive network architecture consisting of the feature extraction part and the feature fusion part is obtained. Comprehensive experiments on the LIVE, TID2013, CSIQ, KADID‐10k, KonIQ‐10K, and LIVE challenge databases demonstrate that the proposed method can work powerfully on both the synthetic and authentic distortions and also has a strong generalization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Chinese government decisively imposed nationwide confinement in response to the COVID‐19 outbreak. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the progression of obesity in children and adolescents in Changshu, China. Methods: Based on the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents (HPPCA), which is a prospective cross‐sectional and school‐based study, BMI assessed in seven consecutive years (2014 to 2020) among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years in Changshu city was extracted. The standardized BMI z scores (zBMI) and prevalence of obesity between 2020 (after COVID‐19 home confinement) and the previous 6 years were compared among age‐specific subgroups and between sexes. Results: The mean number of participants per year was 29,648. The overall mean zBMI drastically increased from 0.29 in 2019 to 0.45 in 2020, resulting in a rise of 0.16 (95% CI: 0.14‐0.18); the prevalence of obesity substantially elevated to 12.77% in 2020 (versus 10.38% in 2017), with an acceleration of 2.39% (95% CI: 1.88%‐2.90%). Of note, these increases were more likely to be observed in boys and those 6 to 11 years old. Conclusions: The COVID‐19 pandemic seemed to exacerbate the obesity epidemic among pediatric populations in Changshu, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]