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Programmed 4D printing shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) have been endorsed as an emerging paradigm for developing adaptive dynamic components with sophisticated architectures and biomimetic adaptation capacities. However, the species of SMPs systems are still rare while most of them are produced from expensive monomers which have restricted their mass production. Moreover, most SMPs show poor elongation at break and strain which cannot support a higher degree of bending during shape memory deformation. Herein, a kind of new epoxy vinyl ester resin ink is developed and improves the 4D printing process of shape memory epoxy‐based polymer. By adjusting the printing conditions to match the ink property, a series of precisely designed printing structures are successfully produced. The printed SMP system shows a favorable strain rate under heat‐treated conditions above its glass transition temperature (Tg) which leads to fine shape memory performance. Furthermore, the printed components obtained through micro to macro multi‐scale 4D printing structure design confirm its application potential as dynamic adaptive devices in aerospace and safety engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a key step of tumor lymphatic metastasis, lymphangiogenesis is regulated by VEGFC‐VEGFR3 signaling pathway mediated by immune cells, mainly macrophages, in the tumor microenvironment. However, little is known whether tumor associated neutrophils are involved in lymphangiogenesis. Here, it is found that TANs infiltration is increased in LN‐metastatic BCa and is associated with poor prognosis. Neutrophil depletion results in significant reduction in popliteal LN metastasis and lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, transcription factor ETV4 enhances BCa cells‐derived CXCL1/8 to recruit TANs, leading to the increase of VEGFA and MMP9 from TANs, and then facilitating lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis of BCa. Moreover, phosphorylation of ETV4 at tyrosine 392 by tyrosine kinase PTK6 increases nuclear translocation of ETV4 and is essential for its function in BCa. Overall, the findings reveal a novel mechanism of how tumor cells regulate TANs‐induced lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis and identify ETV4 as a therapeutic target of LN metastasis in BCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The influence of myopia and ocular biometry parameters on diabetic retinopathy (DR) needs further clarification. We aimed to investigate the association between ocular biometrical parameters and DR in Chinese people with diabetes mellitus (DM) without any ocular intervention. Methods: This cross‐sectional study recruited type 2 DM patients with no history of ocular treatment in Guangzhou, China. The ocular biometrical parameters were obtained by Lenstar (LS900, Haag‐Streit AG, Koeniz, Switzerland), including corneal diameter, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature (CC), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and axial length (AL). The lens power and axial length‐to‐cornea radius ratio (AL/CR ratio) were calculated. Spherical equivalent (SE) was determined by auto‐refraction after pupil dilation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations of ocular biometry with any DR and vision threatening DR (VTDR). Results: A total of 1838 patients were included in the final analysis, involving 1455 (79.2%) patients without DR and 383(20.8%) patients with DR. After adjusting confounding factors, any DR was independently associated with AL (odds ratio (OR) 0.84 per 1 mm increase, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74, 0.94) and AL/CR ratio (OR 0.26 per 1 increase, 95%CI: 0.10, 0.70). Similarly, the presence of VTDR was independently related to AL (OR 0.67 per 1 mm increase, 95%CI: 0.54, 0.85) and AL/CR ratio (OR 0.04 per 1 increase, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.25). The lens power may not be significantly correlated with presence of any DR or VTDR. The CC, corneal diameter and refractive status were not significantly correlated with presence of DR or VTDR. Conclusion: Longer AL and higher AL/CR ratio may be protective factors against the occurrence and progression of DR. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to verify if refractive status and AL‐associated parameters contribute to the occurrence and progression of DR in type 2 DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt‐sensitive hypertension is common among individuals with essential hypertension, and the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has increased. However, data from early identification of the risk of developing LVH in young adults with salt‐sensitive hypertension are lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to design a nomogram for predicting the risk of developing LVH in young adults with salt‐sensitive hypertension. A retrospective analysis of 580 patients with salt‐sensitive hypertension was conducted. The training set consisted of 70% (n = 406) of the patients, while the validation set consisted of the remaining 30% (n = 174). Based on multivariate analysis of the training set, predictors for LVH were extracted to develop a nomogram. Discrimination curves, calibration curves, and clinical utility were employed to assess the predictive performance of the nomogram. The final simplified nomogram model included age, sex, office systolic blood pressure, duration of hypertension, abdominal obesity, triglyceride‐glucose index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In the training set, the model demonstrated moderate discrimination, as indicated by an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.863 (95% confidence interval: 0.831–0.894). The calibration curve exhibited good agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities of LVH in the training set. Additionally, the validation set further confirmed the reliability of the prediction nomogram. In conclusions, the simplified nomogram, which consists of seven routine clinical variables, has shown good performance and clinical utility in identifying young adults with salt‐sensitive hypertension who are at high risk of LVH at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ETV4 Mediated Tumor-Associated Neutrophil Infiltration Facilitates Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Metastasis of Bladder Cancer (Adv. Sci. 11/2023) B Tumor-Associated Neutrophil b In article number 2205613, Xu Chen, Tianxin Lin, and co-workers reveal a novel mechanism of tumor-associated neutrophil (TANs) in lymph node (LN)-metastatic bladder cancer. ETS variant transcription factor (ETV4) enhances bladder cancer (BCa) cells-derived chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)1/8 to recruit TANs, leading to the increase of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), and then facilitating lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis of bladder cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Fabrication of versatile hydrogels in a facile and effective manner represents a pivotal challenge in the field of biomaterials. Herein, a novel strategy is presented for preparing on‐demand degradable hydrogels with multilevel responsiveness. By employing selenol‐dichlorotetrazine nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) to synthesize hydrogels under mild conditions in a buffer solution, the necessity of additives or posttreatments can be obviated. The nucleophilic and redox reactions between selenol and tetrazine culminate in the formation of three degradable chemical bonds—diselenide, aryl selenide, and dearomatized selenide—in a single, expeditious step. The resultant hydrogel manifests exceptional adaptability to intricate environments in conjunction with self‐healing and on‐demand degradation properties. Furthermore, the resulting material demonstrated light‐triggered antibacterial activity. Animal studies further underscore the potential of integrating metformin into Se‐Tz hydrogels under green light irradiation, as it effectively stimulates angiogenesis and collagen deposition, thereby fostering efficient wound healing. In comparison to previously documented hydrogels, Se‐Tz hydrogels exhibit controlled degradation and drug release, outstanding antibacterial activity, mechanical robustness, and bioactivity, all without the need for costly and intricate preparation procedures. These findings underscore Se‐Tz hydrogels as a safe and effective therapeutic option for diabetic wound dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimally increasing the catalytic activity of Co3O4‐based materials is crucial for promoting their practical applications for acetone detection; however, this still remains challenging. Herein, a strategy is proposed in this work to increase the catalytic activity of Co3O4 toward the oxidation of acetone through the synergistic effect of boron doping and chemical reduction, which can substantially improve the sensing performance for acetone detection. The characterization results confirm that the present strategy facilitates the formation of more oxygen vacancies and increases the content of Co2+ ions serving as active sites. As expected, the optimal sensor yields a higher response. To extend the practical application to the auxiliary diagnosis of diabetes through exhaled breath, the optimal sensors distinguished between acetone concentrations in the breath of healthy individuals and in the simulated breath of patients with diabetes. Detailed gas‐sensing measurements reveal that the enhanced acetone sensing performance is attributed to the increased catalytic activity of materials for oxidation of acetone by the Mars–van Krevelen, Langmuir–Hinshelwood, and Eley–Rideal mechanisms. This study provides new insights into the fabrication of high‐performance metal oxide‐based gas sensors by improving the catalytic activity of sensing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fixing the greenhouse gas CO2 through epoxide helps to mitigate worldwide ecological troubles. The applications of metal‐free and solvent‐free catalysts remain a challenge for CO2 catalytic conversion. In this work, an array of quaternary ammonium salts derived from polyethyleneimine with hydroxyl groups ([PEI‐GDMAB‐Cn]Br) were constructed by the reaction of branched PEI with a molecular weight of 10000 and glycidyl alkyl dimethylammonium bromide. A range of experiments were designed to demonstrate that [PEI‐GDMAB‐Cn]Br can be considered as a valid metal‐free and solvent‐free homogeneous catalyst for the CO2‐epoxide cycloaddition reaction. Among of [PEI‐GDMAB‐Cn]Br, [PEI‐GDMAB‐C18]Br catalyzed the model reaction of CO2 and epichlorohydrin under optimized reaction conditions (T=80 °C, 1.0 atm CO2, catalyst 1 mol%, ECH 15 mmol, 16 h) and the conversion achieved at 97.5 %. Moreover, the catalyst exhibited stable reusability and broad substrate applicability, which was used in the following cycle succinctly, because of self‐separated properties by temperature control. The [PEI‐GDMAB‐C18]Br catalyzed reaction process was detected as a pseudo‐first‐order reaction after kinetic studies and an Ea was calculated to be 50.65 kJ/mol. A combinatorial catalytic mechanism of hydrogen bonding and bromide ions is suggested to explain the remarkable catalytic performance of this bifunctional catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hibernation, a survival strategy in mammals for extreme climates, induces physiological phenomena such as ischemia–reperfusion and metabolic shifts that hold great potential for advancements in modern medicine. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms underpinning hibernation remain largely unclear. This study used RNA‐seq and Iso‐seq techniques to investigate the changes in liver transcriptome expression of Rhinolophus pusillus during hibernation and active periods, as well as under different microhabitat temperatures. We identified 11 457 differentially expressed genes during hibernation and active periods, of which 395 showed significant differential expression. Genes associated with fatty acid catabolism were significantly upregulated during hibernation, whereas genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and glycogen synthesis were downregulated. Conversely, immune‐related genes displayed differential expression patterns: genes tied to innate immunity were significantly upregulated, while those linked to adaptive immunity and inflammatory response were downregulated. The analysis of transcriptomic data obtained from different microhabitat temperatures revealed that R. pusillus exhibited an upregulation of genes associated with lipid metabolism in lower microhabitat temperature. This upregulation facilitated an enhanced utilization rate of triglyceride, ultimately resulting in increased energy provision for the organism. Additionally, R. pusillus upregulated gluconeogenesis‐related genes regardless of the microhabitat temperature, demonstrating the importance of maintaining blood glucose levels during hibernation. Our transcriptomic data reveal that these changes in liver gene expression optimize energy allocation during hibernation, suggesting that liver tissue adaptively responds to the inherent stress of its function during hibernation. This study sheds light on the role of differential gene expression in promoting more efficient energy allocation during hibernation. It contributes to our understanding of how liver tissue adapts to the stressors associated with this state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes a facile and economical hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM)technology combining fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing and laser‐activated selective electroless plating (ELP) for fabricating full functional end‐use 3D customized electronics. A functional acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament doped with dicopper hydroxide phosphate (Cu2(OH)PO4) catalysts is developed for FDM 3D printing. The 3D printed structure is selectively laser‐activated to generate CuI plating seeds on the ABS surface and then electrolessly plated. The poor surface finish, especially the layer lines, is an intrinsic defect of extrusion 3D printing, which not only affected the fabrication quality of the 3D substrates but also the electrical performance of the attached circuitry. Herein, a chemical polishing process based on acetone vapor is explored and characterized to significantly improve the surface quality and thereby the electrical performance of the attached copper layer. In this way, highly conductive metallic circuitry can be freeformly deposited and patterned on the 3D structure which is extremely attractive for customized 3D electronics. To show the application potential of this technology, a 3D conformal 555 timer astable oscillator circuit board and a hot‐wire flowmeter are developed as demonstrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical formula of basic zinc chloride is Zn5(OH)8Cl2 · H2O (denoted as ZHC). It is a new type of zinc source additive, widely used in the feed industry. In this article, micron‐sized hexagonal flake ZHC with a diameter of 10–60 µm is directly prepared by ammonia precipitation method using ZnCl2 as raw material. The products are characterized and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and laser particle size analyzer. The effects of reaction temperature, ammonia flow rate, aging time, and reactant concentration on the product morphology are studied. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the ZnCl2 concentration is 2.0 mol L−1, NH3 flow rate is 300 mL min−1, the reaction time is 1 h, the reaction temperature is 80 °C, and the aging time is 5 h. Lastly, the yield reaches 49.06%. The growth habit of ZHC is theoretically analyzed by the Morphology program. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The change of (003) crystal plane exposure caused by temperature is an important reason for the non‐ideality of macroscopic morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By pyrolyzed the products from hydrothermal reaction of 1, 4, 5, 8‐naphthalene tetramethyl anhydride, NaOH and FeSO4, the nanoparticles of FeFe2O4 were produced, and then its electrochemical performance of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was evaluated in O2 saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. The results indicated that, among all the as‐prepared samples, FeFe2O4‐0.50 was mainly composed of uniformly dispersed spherical nanoparticles of 20‐30nm and behaved the best ORR catalytic performance. Its half‐wave potential and limiting diffusion current density was 0.61 V and −1.85 mA cm−2@0.4 V vs. RHE), respectively, higher about 20 mV and 1.29 mA cm−2 than that of FeFe2O4 (0.59 V and −0.56 mA cm−2@0.4 V vs. RHE). In addition, FeFe2O4‐0.50 also showed stronger stability as well as methanol/CO tolerance than that of commercial 20 % Pt/C. It was the evenly dispersed FeFe2O4 nanoscale and Fe−O bond in FeFe2O4‐0.50 that contributed its excellent electrochemical performance and tolerance for CO and methanol. The as‐prepare FeFe2O4‐0.50 might be a potential alternative catalyst for ORR in fuel cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging adsorbent materials for CO2 capture and separation due to their tunable pore size, periodic permutation, and chemical thermal stability. Herein, four functionalized 3D COF‐300s (COF‐300‐X, X = –SO3H, –NO2, –OH, and –NH2) for CO2 adsorption and separation are studied by using density functional theory and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that four functionalized COF‐300s could create a feasible environment for CO2 adsorption with high accessible surface area, suitable pore size, and high porosity. The CO2 adsorption capacity in COF‐300s could be significantly improved by functionalization. In comparison, the best performing COF‐300‐SO3H shows a superior CO2 adsorption capacity of 6.23 mmol g−1 and a high CO2/N2 selectivity of 393 at 298 K and 100 kPa. The adsorption heat and interaction analyses demonstrate that the CO2 affinity in COF‐300s is enhanced by the introduction of polar functional groups, which renders great CO2 adsorption and separation performances. The gas distribution shows that the adsorption sites are concentrated near the functional groups and the distribution of CO2 in COF‐300‐SO3H has a characteristic of multilayer adsorptions. This work highlights COF‐300‐SO3H as an outperforming adsorbent candidate for CO2 capture and separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic skins (e‐skins) are a promising design paradigm for health care systems and human–machine interactions. Piezoresistive sensors made with simple structures, high sensitivity, mass production methods, light weight, and comfort for long‐term wearing and physiological signal monitoring remain a challenge and are urgently desirable. Here, a breathable and lightweight all‐nanofiber piezoresistive (ANFP) sensor is presented, which is composed of three layers of electrospun nanofibers (NFs). A specific interpenetrating network of conductive polyvinylpyrrolidone NFs coated by polypyrrole (PVP@PPy) and insulating polyacrylonitrile NFs is constructed by controlling the vapor growth position of PPy to enhance the sensitivity. The ANFP sensor can achieve the real‐time monitoring of multiple parts of physiological signals, and a wireless detection system is designed for the online monitoring of human pulses. The NF network endows excellent breathability and heat dissipation to the ANFP sensors during practical application, which ensures comfort and device stability during long‐term wearing. Finally, a pressure sensing array with 5 × 5 pixels is fabricated to demonstrate the potential applications in spatial pressure detection. This work provides a viable strategy to improve the wearability of e‐skins, which can promote health care and human–machine interaction applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The bats skin microbiota plays an important role in reducing pathogen infection, including the deadly fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white‐nose syndrome. However, the dynamic of skin bacterial communities response to environmental perturbations remains poorly described. We characterized skin bacterial community over time and space in Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, a species with high resistance to the infection with P. destructans. We collected environmental covariate data to determine what factors influenced changes in community structure. We observed significant temporal and spatial shifts in the skin bacterial community, which was mainly associated with variation in operational taxonomic units. The skin bacterial community differed by the environmental microbial reservoirs and was most influenced by host body condition, bat roosting temperature and geographic distance between sites, but was not influenced by pathogen infection. Furthermore, the skin microbiota was enriched in particular taxa with antifungal abilities, such as Enterococcus, Burkholderia, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus. And specific strains of Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus even inhibited P. destructans growth. Our findings provide new insights in characterizing the variation in bacterial communities can inform us about the processes of driving community assembly and predict the host's ability to resist or survive pathogen infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: White‐nose syndrome, a disease that is caused by the psychrophilic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has threatened several North America bat species with extinction. Recent studies have shown that East Asian bats are infected with P. destructans but show greatly reduced infections. While several factors have been found to contribute to these reduced infections, the role of specific microbes in limiting P. destructans growth remains unexplored. We isolated three bacterial strains with the ability to inhibit P. destructans, namely, Pseudomonas yamanorum GZD14026, Pseudomonas brenneri XRD11711 and Pseudomonas fragi GZD14479, from bats in China. Pseudomonas yamanorum, with the highest inhibition score, was selected to extract antifungal active substance. Combining mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses, we identified the active compound inhibiting P. destructans as phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid (PCA), and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 50.12 μg ml−1. Whole genome sequencing also revealed the existence of PCA biosynthesis gene clusters. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis identified volatile organic compounds. The results indicated that 10 ppm octanoic acid, 100 ppm 3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyanisole (isoprenol) and 100 ppm 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol (BHA) inhibited the growth of P. destructans. These results support that bacteria may play a role in limiting the growth of P. destructans on bats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐rectifying memristor has no need for selector devices, but possesses the one‐way transmission behaviour and multi‐level non‐volatile memory characteristics, which makes it a promising candidate for electronic synapse. In this letter, the authors propose a novel self‐rectifying memristor based on a Pt/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN structure. The devices show large memory window (104) and high rectifying ratio (104), which can block the sneak current in a passive crossbar array without any additional hardware overhead. Moreover, the devices demonstrate excellent multi‐level states modulation capability, low power consumption, high endurance and long retention. The final benchmark demonstrates that the proposed Pt/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN self‐rectifying memristor is a promising candidate for electronic synapse application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]