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This study presents a novel multistage expressway fast charging station (EFCS) planning problem coordinated with the dynamic regional power structure (PS) transformation. Under the prerequisite of the EFCS network's sustainable operation, network accessibility, and orderly construction, a three‐step planning method oriented to the enhancement of energy saving and emission reduction (ESER) benefits and rationalization of facility utilization is developed: (i) EV‐expanded network, (ii) multiagent‐based dynamic traffic assignment (MA‐DTA), and (iii) deployment refinement. Embedding the MA‐DTA and customized refinement strategy into the iterative planning structure enables the integration of operations and planning of the EFCS network. A numerical experiment and an empirical study in the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration are conducted. It demonstrates that the method can find a high‐quality solution within acceptable computation time and is applicable to realistic large‐scale EFCS planning. The planning method can effectively play the role of economy and facility in inducing EV users' charging demands, thus enhancing the overall ESER benefits. The integration of operation and planning is proven effective in reasonably matching the supply and demand of facility service and charging loads in a full‐time period. Further, the multistage EFCS planning schemes during 2025–2045 are explored, and some insightful policy implications are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief, a filtering power divider (FPD) with independently controllable four transmission zeros (TZs) and low insertion loss is designed and analyzed by using quad‐mode ring‐loaded resonator (QMRLR). The equivalent circuit of the proposed FPD is given, and the resonant characteristics of the resonator are analyzed. Due to the horizontal transmission interference of QMRLR, two TZs are realized. In addition, two TZs and one transmission pole are achieved by stepped impedance lines, achieving high selectivity within the passbands. The insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB, which is better than other FPDs. For demonstration, a prototype with center frequencies at 1.45 and 2.75 GHz is fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results are presented with good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon monoxide (CO) as an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule, is widely studied for its ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation as gas therapy. However, the therapeutic efficiency of CO gas therapy is far from ideal due to the low availability of CO supply. Here, inspired by the band structure and Fenton‐related elements, MIL‐101(Cr)@CoOx nanoparticles are introduced for the first time to achieve ultrasound‐mediated synergistic therapy by combining CO gas therapy and chemodynamic therapy together effectively. MIL‐101(Cr)@CoOx can present substantial CO2 adsorption capacity for the BDC2− linkers and Co center, and enable to transformation of endogenous CO2 to CO efficiently under ultrasound irradiation due to the appropriate band structure and conduction band position. With the Co‐engaged Fenton‐like reaction, MIL‐101(Cr)@CoOx triggered the reactions to catalyze the over‐expressed intracellular H2O2 into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The potential therapeutic outcome of chemodynamic therapy can be amplified by the ultrasonic cavitation‐induced conversion between Co3+ and Co2+ in vitro is demonstrated. The proliferation, ATP, and mitochondria functions of 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells are severely compromised by CO‐promoted ROS generation and the sono‐Fenton effect. Further, in vivo studies confirm that MIL‐101(Cr)@CoOx combined with ultrasound irradiation exhibits superior tumor suppression, and achieves the ultrasound‐mediated chemodynamic‐gas cancer therapy with higher precisions for personalized treatments. This new system offers a distinct concept for constructing smart ultrasound‐stimulus systems to realize synergetic cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is commonplace in modern society and there are large individual differences in the vulnerability to SD. We aim to identify the structural network differences based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that contribute to the individual different vulnerability to SD. Methods: The number of psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) lapses was used to classify 49 healthy subjects on the basis of whether they were vulnerable or resistant to SD. DTI and graph theory approaches were used to investigate the topologic organization differences of the brain structural connectome between SD‐vulnerable and ‐resistant individuals. We measured the level of global efficiency and clustering in rich club and non‐rich club organizations. Results: We demonstrated that participants vulnerable to SD had less global efficiency, network strength, and local efficiency but longer shortest path length compared with participants resistant to SD. Lower efficiency was mainly distributed in the right insula, bilateral thalamus, bilateral frontal, temporal, and temporal lobes. Furthermore, a disrupted subnetwork was observed that consisted of widespread connections. Moreover, the vulnerable group showed significantly decreased strength of the rich club compared with the resistant group. The strength of rich club connectivity was found to be correlated negatively with PVT performance (r = −0.395, p = 0.005). We further tested the reliability of the results. Conclusion: The findings revealed that individual differences in resistance to SD are related to disrupted topologic efficiency connectome pattern, and our study may provide potential connectome‐based biomarkers for the early detection of the vulnerable degree to SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous droplet jumping on micro‐/nano‐structured superhydrophobic surfaces has been exploited as an efficient means for enhancing steam condensation heat transfer. However, the good performance of such surfaces quickly decays with raising the degree of subcooling, due to the mismatch between the characteristic length scales and droplet sizes when they grow up. Herein, a novel strategy for multiscale droplet regulation is proposed by combining sub‐millimeter fin structure with a hierarchical microporous superhydrophobic surface. A superior condensation heat transfer performance is attained on such hierarchical superhydrophobic finned tube (F‐SHB), in comparison to the baseline case of superhydrophobic non‐finned (SHB) tube under well‐controlled test conditions. Although the droplet jumping is not as vigorous as that on the SHB tube, the finned geometry of the F‐SHB tube leads to a condensation heat transfer enhancement even under high degrees of subcooling up to 36 K, because of the accelerated departure of large droplets by imposing Laplace force gradient in the presence of V‐shaped sub‐millimeter fins. This multiscale enhancement strategy is shown to enable a cascading regulation over the entire lifespan of condensate droplets. The fabrication of F‐SHB tubes is facile and easy to be scaled up, showing great potential in practical steam condensation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic compounds that can respond to external stimuli and exhibit fluorescence changes have drawn increasing attention recently because of their potential applications in intelligent displays, optical data storage, anticounterfeiting, bioimaging, and sensors. Herein, we have synthesized two new organic compounds based on frameworks of anthracene and pyridine groups: 4‐(anthracen‐9‐yl) pyridine (AN9P) and 4‐(anthracen‐2‐yl) pyridine (AN2P). Both compounds, in solution and solid state, including polycrystals and single crystals, display reversible fluorescence transformations under alternate acid and base treatments. AN9P and AN2P solutions could be regulated to emit white‐light luminescence. The photoluminescence of the AN9P and AN2P polycrystals showed fast fluorescence changes with wide ranges (>300 nm) upon alternate acid and base stimuli and still exhibited remarkable fluorescence emission with almost no attenuation after 15 cycles of the reversible process. Both experimental and computational results suggested that the heteroatom nitrogen in the AN9P and AN2P molecules significantly influenced the intra‐ and intermolecular electronic interactions during the reversible protonation and deprotonation processes, resulting in changes in their frontier molecular orbitals and fluorescence emission characteristics. Our results provide a new facile approach to design molecular structures that realize highly dynamic photoluminescence changes in both liquid solution and solid crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is considered to be the major dietary source for choline, which is associated with atherosclerosis progress. Thus, phosphatidylglucose (PG) was prepared by enzymatic modification of PC to investigate the effects on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE−/−) mice, as well as to investigate its dose–response relationship. RESULTS: The results showed that dietary PG significantly decreased the atherosclerotic lesion area in a dose‐dependent manner. Further studies found that intervention with a 0.8 g kg−1 and 2 g kg−1 PG diet for 4 months significantly decreased free cholesterol level and thus reduced total cholesterol levels in serum. The results of cholesterol distribution among lipoproteins showed that dietary PG significantly decreased low‐density lipoprotein levels in ApoE−/− mice. In addition, only administration of high‐dose PG significantly reduced total cholesterol levels in liver tissues by 31.2%. Furthermore, mice treated with high‐dose PG had an expanded bile acid pool and increased the ratio of conjugated bile acids to unconjugated bile acids in the liver, serum and gallbladder by increasing hepatic gene expression of primary and conjugated bile acid synthesis. Additionally, low‐dose and high‐dose PG significantly increased total fecal sterols by 20.8% and 11.9%, respectively, by increasing sitosterol and ethylcoprostanol levels. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that PG alleviated atherosclerosis in a dose‐dependent manner by increasing cholesterol alienation to bile acids and cholesterol efflux. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage devices, Zn metal battery excels with their good safety, high specific capacity, and economic attractiveness. However, it still suffers from a narrow electrochemical window, notorious dendrite formation, and sluggish Zn ion transfer. Aqueous electrolyte engineering has been regarded as an effective way to improve these. It is shown that by adding sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) polymers into a dilute 1 m Zn(OTf)2 aqueous electrolyte, compact water shells with stronger hydrogen bonding and more ordered structures are formed around the polymer chains. As a result, a fast transport channel to the zinc ions is provided. The PSS chains also protect the zinc electrode from directly contacting the water molecules and thus suppress water decomposition. With these merits, a Zn//Cu cell demonstrates a high coulombic efficiency of ≈99% after 1500 h cycling. Meanwhile, a record‐high cumulative Zn plating capacity of 10 000 mA h cm−2 is obtained using a Zn||Zn cell. In addition, the Zn//C@V2O5 full cell achieves almost 100% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. This work provides a new strategy for designing advanced electrolyte systems excelling in ion transport kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induces electric fields that depolarise or hyperpolarise neurons. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned form of TMS that is delivered at the theta frequency (~5 Hz), induces neuroplasticity in the hippocampus, a brain region that is implicated in memory and learning. One form of plasticity that is unique to the hippocampus is adult neurogenesis; however, little is known about whether TMS or iTBS in particular affects newborn neurons. Here, we therefore applied repeated sessions of iTBS to male and female mice and measured the extent of adult neurogenesis and the morphological features of immature neurons. We found that repeated sessions of iTBS did not significantly increase the amount of neurogenesis or affect the gross dendritic morphology of new neurons, and there were no sex differences in neurogenesis rates or aspects of afferent morphology. In contrast, efferent properties of newborn neurons varied as a function of sex and stimulation. Chronic iTBS increased the size of mossy fibre terminals, which synapse onto Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) pyramidal neurons, but only in males. iTBS also increased the number of terminal‐associated filopodia, putative synapses onto inhibitory interneurons but only in male mice. This efferent plasticity could result from a general trophic effect, or it could reflect accelerated maturation of immature neurons. Given the important role of mossy fibre synapses in hippocampal learning, our results identify a neurobiological effect of iTBS that might be associated with sex‐specific changes in cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of glycoproteins and the comparison of protein N‐glycosylation from different eukaryotic origins require unbiased and robust analytical workflows. The structural and functional analysis of vertebrate protein N‐glycosylation currently depends extensively on bacterial peptide‐N4‐(N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminyl) asparagine amidases (PNGases), which are indispensable enzymatic tools in releasing asparagine‐linked oligosaccharides (N‐glycans) from glycoproteins. So far, only limited PNGase candidates are available for N‐glycans analysis, and particularly the analysis of plant and invertebrate N‐glycans is hampered by the lack of suitable PNGases. Furthermore, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) workflows, such as hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS), require a highly efficient enzymatic release of N‐glycans at low pH values to facilitate the comprehensive structural analysis of glycoproteins. Herein, we describe a previously unstudied superacidic bacterial N‐glycanase (PNGase H+) originating from the soil bacterium Rudaea cellulosilytica (Rc), which has significantly improved enzymatic properties compared to previously described PNGase H+ variants. Active and soluble recombinant PNGase Rc was expressed at a higher protein level (3.8‐fold) and with higher specific activity (~56% increase) compared to the currently used PNGase H+ variant from Dyella japonicum (Dj). Recombinant PNGase Rc was able to deglycosylate the glycoproteins horseradish peroxidase and bovine lactoferrin significantly faster than PNGase Dj (10 min vs. 6 h). The versatility of PNGase Rc was demonstrated by releasing N‐glycans from a diverse array of samples such as peach fruit, king trumpet mushroom, mouse serum, and the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The presence of only two disulfide bonds shown in the AlphaFold protein model (so far all other superacidic PNGases possess more disulfide bonds) could be corroborated by intact mass‐ and peptide mapping analysis and provides a possible explanation for the improved recombinant expression yield of PNGase Rc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cytosensors, a combination of the PEC process and the living‐cell assay, have emerged as a powerful tool in the analytical and biological science. This mini review provides a brief introduction of this arena and summaries the key steps about the development of PEC cytosensors with representative examples, followed by future prospects based on our own opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: During embryonic haematopoiesis, haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) develop from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) though endothelial to haematopoietic transition (EHT). However, little is known about how EHT is regulated in human. Here, we report that GFI1 plays an essential role in enabling normal EHT during haematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Results: GFI1 deletion in hESCs leads to a complete EHT defect due to a closed chromatin state of hematopoietic genes in HECs. Mechanically, directly regulates important signaling pathways essential for the EHT such as PI3K signaling.etc. Conclutions: Together, our findings reveal an essential role of GFI1 mediated epigenetic mechanism underlying human EHT during hematopoiesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia (NH3), an air pollutant in the living environment, has many toxic effects on various tissues and organs. However, the underlying mechanisms of NH3‐induced tracheal cell autophagy remains poorly understood. In present study, chickens and LMH cells were used as NH3 exposure models to investigate toxic effects. The change of tracheal tissues ultrastructure showed that NH3 exposure induced autolysosomes. The differential expression of 12 circularRNAs (circRNAs) was induced by NH3 exposure using circRNAs transcriptome analysis in broiler tracheas. We further found that circ‐IFNLR1 was down‐regulated, and miR‐2188‐5p was up‐regulated in tracheal tissues under NH3 exposure. Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporter system showed that circ‐IFNLR1 bound directly to miR‐2188‐5p and regulated each other, and miR‐2188‐5p regulated RNF182. Overexpression of miR‐2188‐5p caused autophagy and its inhibition partially reversed autophagy in LMH cells which were caused by ammonia stimulation or knockdown of circ‐IFNLR1. The expressions of three autophagy‐related genes (LC3, Beclin 1, and BNIP3) were observably up‐regulated. Our results indicated that NH3 exposure caused autophagy through circ‐IFNLR1/miR‐2188‐5p/RNF182. These results provided new insights for the study of ammonia on environmental toxicology on ceRNA and circRNAs in vivo and vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmission lines are affected by aeolian vibration, sandstorms and acid rain, which cause structural damage and eventually lead to line breaking accidents. In this paper, the structural health monitoring technology of conductors is researched, and a structural monitoring system for conductors is designed. First, based on the structure of the ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) conductor and the dynamic equation, the relation between the natural frequencies and the structure of the conductor is obtained. Then, an online health monitoring system of the conductor structure is proposed, and key issues, such as the power supply solution of sensors, data preprocessing technology, multiple‐sensor synchronization method, are analyzed in detail. Finally, the structural health monitoring of overhead transmission lines designed in this paper is tested on 110‐kV experimental transmission lines. The experimental results show that from the system proposed the operation parameters of the conductors can be well obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of tumor antigens leads to a low response rate, which represents a major challenge in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Pyroptosis, which releases tumor antigens and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that induce antitumor immunity and boost ICB efficiency, potentially leads to injury when occurring in normal tissues. Therefore, a strategy and highly efficient agent to induce tumor‐specific pyroptosis but reduce pyroptosis in normal tissues is urgently required. Here, a smart tumor microenvironmental reactive oxygen species (ROS)/glutathione (GSH) dual‐responsive nano‐prodrug (denoted as MCPP) with high paclitaxel (PTX) and photosensitizer purpurin 18 (P18) loading is rationally designed. The ROS/GSH dual‐responsive system facilitates the nano‐prodrug response to high ROS/GSH in the tumor microenvironment and achieves optimal drug release in tumors. ROS generated by P18 after laser irradiation achieves controlled release and induces tumor cell pyroptosis with PTX by chemo‐photodynamic therapy. Pyroptotic tumor cells release DAMPs, thus initiating adaptive immunity, boosting ICB efficiency, achieving tumor regression, generating immunological memory, and preventing tumor recurrence. Mechanistically, chemo‐photodynamic therapy and control‐release PTX synergistically induce gasdermin E (GSDME)‐related pyroptosis. It is speculated that inspired chemo‐photodynamic therapy using the presented nano‐prodrug strategy can be a smart strategy to trigger pyroptosis and augment ICB efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic transport properties of a 2D normal metal superconductor are studied by a nonequilibrium Green's function method. The normal metal is the non‐inverted HgTe/CdTe quantum well doped by electrons. It is found that Andreev reflection (AR) is enhanced in the weak disorder regime while weakened in the strong disorder regime. However, the AR coefficient can be perfect (TA=1) with vanished fluctuations in the moderate disorder regime, whereas other scattering processes are forbidden. The mechanism goes that Anderson disorder leads to a topological Anderson insulator with bulk states localized while edge states still extensive. Multiple ARs and spin‐momentum locking cooperate to vanish the normal reflection and leave AR only. A detailed numerical study shows that fixing the Fermi surface in conduction band, a large enough junction width, and a strong coupling between the normal and superconducting leads are necessary for perfect AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia and disease are common complications in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Few studies have compared the efficacy and safety of the HSCT donor and third‐party CMV‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CMV‐CTLs) in the treatment of CMV DNAemia and disease. In this study, we retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of HSCT donor and third‐party CMV‐CTLs in patients with refractory CMV DNAemia or disease after allo‐HSCT at our centre from January 2017 to September 2021. Fifty‐three patients who received CMV‐CTL therapy were enrolled, including 40 in the donor group and 13 in the third‐party group, and they were adults aged 18 years or older. Within 6 weeks of treatment, 26 (65.0%) and 9 (69.2%) patients achieved complete response in the donor and third‐party groups (p = 1.000). The 2‐year overall survival was 59.6% (95% CI 46.1%–77.1%) and 53.8% (32.6%–89.1%) in the donor and third‐party groups (p = 0.860). Four (10.0%) patients in the donor group and two (15.4%) patients in the third‐party group developed acute graft‐versus‐host disease within 3 months after CMV‐CTL infusions. In conclusion, our data suggest that donor and third‐party CMV‐CTLs have comparable efficacy and safety for refractory CMV DNAemia and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal‐catalyzed direct decarboxylative transformations of aromatic carboxylic acids usually require high temperatures, which limit the substrate's scope, especially for late‐stage applications. The development of the selective decarbonylative of carboxylic acid derivatives, especially the most fundamental aroyl chlorides, with stable and cheap electrophiles under mild conditions is highly desirable and meaningful, but remains challenging. Herein, a strategy of nickel‐catalyzed decarbonylative alkylation of aroyl chlorides via phosphine/nitrogen ligand relay is reported. The simple phosphine ligand is found essential for the decarbonylation step, while the nitrogen ligand promotes the cross‐electrophile coupling. Such a ligand relay system can effectively and orderly carry out the catalytic process at room temperature, utilizing easily available aroyl chlorides as an aryl electrophile for reductive alkylation. This discovery provides a new strategy for direct decarbonylative coupling, features operationally simple, mild conditions, and excellent functional group tolerance. The mild approach is applied to the late‐stage methylation of various pharmaceuticals. Extensive experiments are carried out to provide insights into the reaction pathway and support the ligand relay process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect olfactory receptors (iORs) with atypical 7‐transmembrane domains, unlike Chordata olfactory receptors, are not in the GPCR protein family. iORs selectively bind to volatile ligands in the environment and affect essential insect behaviors. In this study, we constructed a new platform (iORbase, https://www.iorbase.com) for the structural and functional analysis of iORs based on a combined algorithm for gene annotation and protein structure prediction. Moreover, it provides the option to calculate the binding affinities and binding residues between iORs and pheromone molecules by virtual screening of docking. Furthermore, iORbase supports the automatic structural and functional prediction of user‐submitted iORs or pheromones. iORbase contains the well‐analyzed results of approximately 6 000 iORs and their 3D protein structures identified from 59 insect species and 2 077 insect pheromones from the literature, as well as approximately 12 million pairs of simulated interactions between functional iORs and pheromones. We also built 4 online modules, iORPDB, iInteraction, iModelTM, and iOdorTool to easily retrieve and visualize the 3D structures and interactions. iORbase can help greatly improve the experimental efficiency and success rate, identify new insecticide targets, or develop electronic nose technology. This study will shed light on the olfactory recognition mechanism and evolutionary characteristics from the perspectives of omics and macroevolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interconduit pit membranes, which are permeable regions in the primary cell wall that connect to adjacent conduits, play a crucial role in water relations and the movement of nutrients between xylem conduits. However, how pit membrane characteristics might influence water‐carbon coupling remains poorly investigated in cycads. We examined pit characteristics, the anatomical and photosynthetic traits of 13 cycads from a common garden, to determine if pit traits and their coordination are related to water relations and carbon economy. We found that the pit traits of cycads were highly variable and that cycads exhibited a similar tradeoff between pit density and pit area as other plant lineages. Unlike other plant lineages (1) pit membranes, pit apertures, and pit shapes of cycads were not coordinated as in angiosperms; (2) cycads exhibited larger pit membrane areas but lower pit densities relative to ferns and angiosperms, but smaller and similar pit membrane densities to non‐cycad gymnosperms; (3) cycad pit membrane areas and densities were partially coordinated with anatomical traits, with hydraulic supply of the rachis positively coordinated with photosynthesis, whereas pit aperture areas and fractions were negatively coordinated with photosynthetic traits; (4) cycad pit traits reflected adaptation to wetter habitats for Cycadaceae and drier habitats for Zamiaceae. The large variation in pit traits, the unique pit membrane size and density, and the partial coordination of pit traits with anatomical and physiological traits of the rachis and pinna among cycads may have facilitated their dominance in a variety of ecosystems from the Mesozoic to modern times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat plants are ubiquitously simultaneously exposed to salinity and limited iron availability caused by soil saline‐alkalisation. Through this study, we found that both low Fe and NaCl severely inhibited the growth of seminal roots in wheat seedlings; however, sufficient Fe caused greater growth cessation of seminal roots than low Fe under salt stress. Low Fe improved the root meristematic division activity, not altering the mature cell sizes compared with sufficient Fe under salt stress. Foliar Fe spray and split‐root experiments showed that low Fe‐alleviating the salinity‐induced growth cessation of seminal roots was dependent on local low Fe signals in the roots. Ionomics combined with TEM/X‐ray few differences in the root Na+ uptake and vacuolar Na+ sequestration between two Fe levels under salt stress. Phytohormone profiling and metabolomics revealed salinity‐induced overaccumulation of ACC/ethylene and tryptophan/auxin in the roots under sufficient Fe than under low Fe. Differential gene expression, pharmacological inhibitor addition and the root growth performance of transgenic wheat plants revealed that the rootward auxin efflux and was responsible for the low Fe‐mediated amelioration of the salinity‐induced growth cessation of seminal roots. Our findings will provide novel insights into the modulation of crop root growth under salt stress. Summary statement: We found that low Fe ameliorated the salinity‐induced growth cessation of wheat seminal roots, and our findings will provide novel insights into the understanding of Fe involved nutrient interactions and the modulation of crop root growth under salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain the stationary elliptic‐ and hyperbolic‐function solutions of the nonlocal reverse‐time and reverse‐space‐time nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations based on their connection with the standard Weierstrass elliptic equation. The reverse‐time NLS equation possesses the bounded dn$$ \mathrm{dn} $$‐, cn$$ \mathrm{cn} $$‐, sn$$ \mathrm{sn} $$‐, sech$$ \operatorname{sech} $$‐, and tanh$$ \tanh $$‐function solutions. Of special interest, the tanh$$ \tanh $$‐function solution can display both the dark‐ and antidark‐soliton profiles. The reverse‐space‐time NLS equation admits the general Jacobian elliptic‐function solutions (which are exponentially growing at one infinity or display the periodical oscillation in x$$ x $$), the bounded dn$$ \mathrm{dn} $$‐ and cn$$ \mathrm{cn} $$‐function solutions, as well as the K$$ K $$‐shifted dn$$ \mathrm{dn} $$‐ and sn$$ \mathrm{sn} $$ function solutions. In addition, the hyperbolic‐function solutions may exhibit an exponential growth behavior at one infinity, or show the gray/bright‐soliton profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc ion batteries have received unprecedented attention owing to their superior safety and sustainability, yet their cycling stability especially at high current rates is greatly limited by the poor reversibility of Zn metal anodes, due to the delayed ion transport, severe water‐induced side reactions, and uncontrollable dendrites growth at electrolyte/electrode interface. Herein, a robust and multi‐scale functionally designed amorphous ZnWO4 (ZWO) artificial interphase that fully addresses the aforementioned issues, is proposed. The modified Zn anodes deliver remarkable stability, surpassing 3000 h of operation at a high current density of 20 mA cm−2 in symmetrical cells. Even under harsh conditions of 20 mA cm−2 and 10 mAh cm−2, the electrode demonstrates steady cycling for over 600 h with low overpotential. The excellent cycling stability and rate performance are mainly attributed to a range of collective functionalities of ZWO interphase, including short‐range and isotropic ion migration, superior ion‐screening capability, and a thermodynamically enhanced energy barrier for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during Zn plating. These findings highlight the significance of the multi‐scale functional interphase in overcoming key barriers associated with zinc anodes under high current density, offering a facile and insightful approach for achieving high‐performance Zn metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Lack of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during the period of maternity drastically lowers the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level in the brain of offspring and studies have demonstrated that different molecular forms of DHA are beneficial to brain development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short‐term supplementation with DHA‐enriched phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) on DHA levels in the liver and brain of congenital n‐3‐deficient mice.Dietary supplementation with DHA significantly changed the fatty acid composition of various phospholipid molecules in the cerebral cortex and liver while DHA‐enriched phospholipid was more effective than DHA triglyceride (TG) in increasing brain and liver DHA. Both DHA‐PS and DHA‐PC could effectively increase the DHA levels, but DHA in the PS form was superior to PC in the contribution of DHA content in the brain ether‐linked PC (ePC) and liver lyso‐phosphatidylcholine molecular species. DHA‐PC showed more significant effects on the increase of DHA in liver TG, PC, ePC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PE plasmalogen (pPE) molecular species and decreasing the arachidonic acid level in liver PC plasmalogen, ePC, PE and pPE molecular species compared with DHA‐PS.The effect of dietary interventions with different molecular forms of DHA for brain and liver lipid profiles is different, which may provide theoretical guidance for dietary supplementation of DHA for people. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving reversible plating/stripping of zinc (Zn) anodes is crucial in aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, undesired dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions severely deteriorate battery lifespan. The construction of stable protective coating is an effective strategy to enhance anode stability. In this study, a multifunctional nanodiamond (ND) inorganic layer is designed and constructed on both Zn and Cu electrodes that can both effectively inhibit dendrite growth and suppress Zn anode corrosion. Experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that this artificial protective layer, with ultra‐high surface energy, enables the controlled creation of abundant nucleation sites (in the order of 1012 cm−2) for the homogenization of ion flux and electric field on the anode. It is found that zinc ions preferentially adhere to the diamond surfaces with lower diffusion barriers, leading to uniform zinc deposition. A symmetric cell with the ND‐protected Zn (Zn‐ND) anode exhibits reversible plating/stripping behavior for an impressive duration of over 3600 h at 1 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the MnO2||Zn full battery retains 90% of its initial capacity after 3500 cycles at 2 A g−1, and assembled hybrid capacitor operates smoothly over 65 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. These results underscore the potential of this coating as a promising solution for achieving highly stable Zn anodes for aqueous batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical information storage, in virtue of its large capacity, high stability, and long longevity, holds promising prospects in mass storage, while being limited by the trade‐off between readout quality and error rate. The emerging intersection of optical storage and deep learning presents a valuable opportunity to achieve high‐fidelity data storage. Here, a novel paradigm of error‐free long‐lifespan optical storage enhanced is proposed by deep learning, harnessing neural network to extract optical information from birefringence measurements. It is demonstrated that using neural networks outperforms traditional approaches in terms of efficiency and accuracy. Moreover, by adding extra birefringence information as input to the neural network, nearly 100%$100\%$ accuracy is achieved on an established five‐bit dataset. Remarkably, even under extremely severe ambiguity, the paradigm still fulfills error‐free readout and maintains a long lifespan. The experimental storage scheme is significantly conducive to the development of large‐scale error‐free storage, and paves the way for robust optical storage with environmental and temporal tolerance in practical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Recursive partitioning of healthy consortia led to the development of the Clonal Hematopoiesis Risk Score (CHRS) for clonal haematopoiesis (CH); however, in the practical setting, most cases of CH are diagnosed after patients present with cytopenias or related symptoms. To address this real‐world population, we characterize the clinical trajectories of 94 patients with CH and distinguish CH harbouring canonical DNMT3A/TET2/ASXL1 mutations alone ('sole DTA') versus all other groups ('non‐sole DTA'). TET2, rather than DNMT3A, was the most prevalent mutation in the real‐world setting. Sole DTA patients did not progress to myeloid neoplasm (MN) in the absence of acquisition of other mutations. Contrastingly, 14 (20.1%) of 67 non‐sole DTA patients progressed to MN. CHRS assessment showed a higher frequency of high‐risk CH in non‐sole DTA (vs. sole DTA) patients and in progressors (vs. non‐progressors). RUNX1 mutation conferred the strongest risk for progression to MN (odds ratio [OR] 10.27, 95% CI 2.00–52.69, p = 0.0053). The mean variant allele frequency across all genes was higher in progressors than in non‐progressors (36.9% ± 4.62% vs. 24.1% ± 1.67%, p = 0.0064). This analysis in the post‐CHRS era underscores the natural history of CH, providing insight into patterns of progression to MN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much effort has been devoted to the generation of fluorescent probes by synthetic approaches. In this study, we developed a facile strategy to construct far‐red fluorescent probes based on through‐space charge transfer within complexes of acceptors and donors and their "twist+twist" interactions. Owing to their rare two‐photon excitation property, the complexes could be used for in vivo imaging of the mouse cerebrovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much effort has been devoted to the generation of fluorescent probes by synthetic approaches. In this study, we developed a facile strategy to construct far‐red fluorescent probes based on through‐space charge transfer within complexes of acceptors and donors and their "twist+twist" interactions. Owing to their rare two‐photon excitation property, the complexes could be used for in vivo imaging of the mouse cerebrovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Pteris vittata is an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator that can accumulate several thousand mg As kg−1 DW in aboveground biomass. A key factor for its hyperaccumulation ability is its highly efficient As long‐distance translocation system. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.We isolated PvAsE1 through the full‐length cDNA over‐expression library of P. vittata and characterized it through a yeast system, RNAi gametophytes and sporophytes, subcellular‐location and in situ hybridization. Phylogenomic analysis was conducted to estimate the appearance time of PvAsE1.PvAsE1 was a plasma membrane‐oriented arsenite (AsIII) effluxer. The silencing of PvAsE1 reduced AsIII long‐distance translocation in P. vittata sporophytes. PvAsE1 was structurally similar to solute carrier (SLC)13 proteins. Its transcripts could be observed in parenchyma cells surrounding the xylem of roots. The appearance time was estimated at c. 52.7 Ma.PvAsE1 was a previously uncharacterized SLC13‐like AsIII effluxer, which may contribute to AsIII long‐distance translocation via xylem loading. PvAsE1 appeared late in fern evolution and might be an adaptive subject to the selection pressure at the Cretaceaou–Paleogene boundary. The identification of PvAsE1 provides clues for revealing the special As hyperaccumulation characteristics of P. vittata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The engineering of anode‐electrolyte interphase for highly reversible and dendrite‐free Zn plating‐stripping continues to pose a significant challenge in the progression of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs). In this study, a novel approach is introduced that involves the design of a hierarchical carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based host through functionalization with cetyltrimethylammonium cations (CTA+). This hierarchical host enables dynamically switchable repulsive shielding to regulate Zn plating. The CNT scaffold, featured with high flexibility and conductivity, facilitates expandable accommodation of continuous Zn plating. Concurrently, the entangled CTA+ cations, acting as manipulators to form switchable repulsive shields, dynamically suppress the growth of Zn dendrites, and result in uniform Zn plating within cationic CNT (C‐CNT) hosts. The cationic shielding effect is further elucidated through density functional theory calculations. By incorporating the self‐adaptive C‐CNT host, Zn symmetric cells exhibit an impressively stable cycling lifespan exceeding 6500 h at 1 mA·cm−2 and achieve a cumulative capacity of 6000 mAh·cm−2 at 4 mA·cm−2. Full batteries, by coupling the C‐CNT@Zn anode and MnO2 cathode, demonstrate an 88% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 2 A·g−1. The design of the self‐adaptive C‐CNT host offers a promising approach in electrode‐electrolyte interphase engineering toward the practical applications of Zn‐based energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the presence of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) pose serious threats to wheat production and food safety worldwide. DON, as a virulence factor, is crucial for the spread of FHB pathogens on plants. However, germplasm resources that are naturally resistant to DON and DON‐producing FHB pathogens are inadequate in plants. Here, detoxifying bacteria genes responsible for DON epimerization were used to enhance the resistance of wheat to mycotoxin DON and FHB pathogens. We characterized the complete pathway and molecular basis leading to the thorough detoxification of DON via epimerization through two sequential reactions in the detoxifying bacterium Devosia sp. D6‐9. Epimerization efficiently eliminates the phytotoxicity of DON and neutralizes the effects of DON as a virulence factor. Notably, co‐expressing of the genes encoding quinoprotein dehydrogenase (QDDH) for DON oxidation in the first reaction step, and aldo‐keto reductase AKR13B2 for 3‐keto‐DON reduction in the second reaction step significantly reduced the accumulation of DON as virulence factor in wheat after the infection of pathogenic Fusarium, and accordingly conferred increased disease resistance to FHB by restricting the spread of pathogenic Fusarium in the transgenic plants. Stable and improved resistance was observed in greenhouse and field conditions over multiple generations. This successful approach presents a promising avenue for enhancing FHB resistance in crops and reducing mycotoxin contents in grains through detoxification of the virulence factor DON by exogenous resistance genes from microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are distinctive clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. While low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated potential in mitigating AVH, the precise mechanisms by which it operates remain obscure. This study aimed to investigate alternations in structural connectivity and functional connectivity (SC‐FC) coupling among schizophrenia patients with AVH prior to and following treatment with 1 Hz rTMS that specifically targets the left temporoparietal junction. Initially, patients exhibited significantly reduced macroscopic whole brain level SC‐FC coupling compared to healthy controls. Notably, SC‐FC coupling increased significantly across multiple networks, including the somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, frontoparietal control, and default mode networks, following rTMS treatment. Significant alternations in SC‐FC coupling were noted in critical nodes comprising the somatomotor network and the default mode network, such as the precentral gyrus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, respectively. The alternations in SC‐FC coupling exhibited a correlation with the amelioration of clinical symptom. The results of our study illuminate the intricate relationship between white matter structures and neuronal activity in patients who are receiving low‐frequency rTMS. This advances our understanding of the foundational mechanisms underlying rTMS treatment for AVH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of total vermibed depth, as well as the ratio of aerobic (the unsubmerged) to anaerobic (the submerged) zone on the performance of the horizontal subsurface flow macrophyte‐assisted vermifilters (HSSF‐MAVFs) treating synthetic brewery wastewater at a higher hydraulic loading rate (HLR), were investigated for the first time. Results showed that the HSSF‐MAVF with a 50 cm total and 18 cm submerged vermibed depth yielded the optimum removal of the pollutants, ensuring a (91.2 ± 1.7)%, (81.8 ± 1.9)%, (67.4 ± 3.9)%, and (63.1 ± 2.3)% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium N (NH4+–N), total N (TN), and organic N, respectively, whereas there was an increase of (142 ± 6.3)% in the effluent nitrate–N (NO3−–N) than that in the influent. At the optimum condition, the effluent concentrations of all the pollutants including COD, NH4+–N, NO3−–N, TN, and organic N were well below the surface water discharge standards specified by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), and thus, the effluent of the HSSF‐MAVF could be safely discharged into the surface water bodies. Practitioner Points: Total vermibed depth of HSSF‐MAVFs was optimized for organic and nitrogen removal.HSSF‐MAVFs were subjected to the higher HLR of synthetic brewery wastewater.Removal of COD and NH4+–N was decreased with the increase in submerged bed depth.Removal of organic N and TN was increased with the increase in submerged bed depth.Total/unsubmerged bed depth had a positive impact on the organic and N removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, magnetron sputtering is implemented to adjust the sputtering power from 156 to 306 W at room temperature, and thin film samples of indium tin oxide (ITO) on a flexible fluorphlogopite substrate are taken. With the increase in power, the resistivity of the film first decreases and then increases. The resistivity is at least 1.51 × 10–3 Ω cm at 276 W, and the highest resistivity is 2.93 × 10–2 Ω cm at 156 W. The average light transmittance of the film (400–800 nm) decreases with the increase in power within the range of 156–276 W, The highest average transmittance is 92.6% at 156 W. The quality factor of the film first rises and then decreases as the power increases, it is as high as 4.47 × 10–3 Ω–1sq at 276 W. All the AFMs show that the roughness of the sample does not significantly change with power. The SEM picture shows that as the power increases from 156 to 276 W, the grain size increases slightly. All samples are bent 1200 times around a steel cylinder, and the sheet resistance does not change more than 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is an inexhaustible clean energy, and solar evaporation salt water desalination is a promising technology. However, the low evaporation efficiency caused by intermittent solar irradiation is still the main obstacle in the practical application of interface evaporation. A new type of interfacial evaporation material is developed by using the porous adsorption method to fill the phase change material (PCM) paraffin (IPW) into the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), using polydopamine (PDA) as the photothermal material and encapsulation agent and bacterial cellulose (BC) as the carrier. The low‐temperature crosslinking method prepares the IPW@HNTs@ PDA‐BC phase change composite aerogel. The novel interfacial evaporation material preparation process is simple, and the aerogels can be prepared quickly under normal pressure, which overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional porous adsorption method and long‐time freeze‐drying of aerogels. Under 1 kW m−2 light, the evaporation rate of the PCM is 3.43 kg m−2 h−1, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 95%. In the dark environment (10 min), the evaporation rate is 2.80 kg m−2 h−1, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 52.8%. The material exhibits excellent evaporation in acidic, alkaline water, and industrial wastewater. Shortly, it can be used as a promising material for evaporating clean water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient, recyclable and low‐cost heterogeneous catalysts for conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into epoxides is highly desired, yet remain a challenge. Herein, we have prepared three two‐dimensional (2D) copper(I) cyclic trinuclear units (Cu(I)‐CTUs) based covalent metal–organic frameworks (CMOFs), namely JNM‐13, JNM‐14, and JNM‐15, via a one‐pot reaction by combination of coordination and dynamic covalent chemistry. Among them, JNM‐15 contained the highest density of copper catalytic sites, and exhibited the highest capacity for adsorption of CO2. More interestingly, JNM‐15 delivered the highest catalytic activity for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides with good yields (up to 99 %), good substrate compatibility (11 examples) and reusability (four catalytic cycles) under mild condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed a swift increase in power conversion efficiency in the past decade, emerging as one of the most promising next‐generation photovoltaic technologies for commercialization and low‐carbon energy generation. Through significant efforts in optimizing the processing techniques, high‐quality perovskite thin films can now be prepared with polycrystalline morphologies consisting of monolayer grains. Nevertheless, defects and microstructural disorders still form at the surface/heterointerface and in the bulk of the films. Post‐treatment of the as‐crystallized films has been intensively investigated for passivating these defects, being proved effective for improving the device performance. In this review, the versatile strategies for post‐treating the surface of perovskite thin films toward morphology control, defect passivation, and band alignment are discussed. The tailored surface properties are correlated to charge dynamics at interfaces and photovoltaic performance of PSCs. Since the perovskite heterostructures prepared by simple post‐treatments may suffer from degradation at high temperatures, the recent advances in preparing phase‐pure and stable perovskite heterostructures are also discussed. Finally, a perspective elaborating future opportunities for further enhancing the efficiency and stability of PSCs is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: The presence or absence of spines is an important economic trait of cucumber fruit. Spines are believed to be a type of specialized trichome on the fruit surface, and all the identified cucumber trichome‐less mutants lack fruit spines. However, genes that specifically regulate fruit spine initiation remain to be identified. Here, we found that knocking out cucumber TARGET OF EAT3 homolog (CsTOE3), belonging to the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) family, affected flower development and, more interestingly, inhibited cucumber fruit spine initiation. On analyzing expression patterns by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization assay, CsTOE3 was found to be highly expressed in male and female flowers, and its mRNA accumulated in the tips of sepal and petal primordia and in the cells of fruit spines and peels. Biochemical analyses indicated that CsTOE3 directly interacts with GLABRA1 (CsGL1) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (CsTTG1), which are positive regulators of trichome formation. In addition, RNA‐seq showed that the transcription levels of eight ERFs were significantly upregulated in CsTOE3 knockout lines. Phytohormone content analysis also revealed a significant increase in the amount of ethylene released by CsTOE3 knockout line, and treatment with the ethylene synthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinyl‐glycine partly restored the spineless phenotype. Our results suggest that CsTOE3 specifically regulates fruit spine initiation but does not affect the formation of trichomes on other organs in cucumber. Our findings may have a far‐reaching significance for cucumber germplasm improvement and quality breeding using fruit spines as the target trait. Significance Statement: Trichomes on cucumber fruits are commonly called fruit spines, which directly affect the appearance and perceived quality of the fruits. Here, we found that knocking out CsTOE3 inhibited fruit spine initiation but had no effects on trichome formation in other plant parts, providing a new insight into the formation of cucumber fruit spines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the main cause of dementia worldwide. As the pathogenesis of AD is quite complicated, there is continuous attention to AD‐associated active species, such as amyloid‐β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, metal ions, reactive oxygen/nitrogen/sulphur species, cholinesterase, viscosity, formaldehyde and so on. To this end, a series of small molecular fluorescent probes for these active species have been explored for early diagnosis and even remedy of AD. Herein, we systematacially summarize the versatile fluorescent probes mainly in recent three years, including the relationship between the structure and properties as well as the targeted diagnosis and imaging application of all these fluorescent probes. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives of the AD‐related fluorescent probes are briefly explicated. We firmly expect this review may provide guidance for constructing new AD‐relevant fluorescent probes and promote the clinical study of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Sea cucumber saponins (SCSs) exhibit a unique structure and high bioactivities and might have specialized implications on caffeine metabolic process by altering the activity of N‐demethylation enzyme CYP1A2. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of SCS on caffeine metabolism in vivo and in vitro, as well as the synergistic anti‐obesity effect of SCS and caffeine on high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. RESULTS: Results found that SCS administration significantly postponed the elimination rate of caffeine and its metabolites in vivo, and further study found CYP1A2‐mediated caffeine metabolism was remarkably inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro. The synergistic effect of the SCS and caffeine combination could decrease the total weight of white adipose tissue by 52% compared with high‐fat diet‐treated group. CONCLUSION: SCS could prolong caffeine action time, and the combination of the two substances exhibited joint action on high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. These findings might provide a basis for the development of functional foods and potential application using the combination of SCS and caffeine. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The pathogenesis of non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis has not been clearly clarified. This study aimed to investigate the expression of ciliary regulating protein forkhead box protein j1 (Foxj1) on airway epithelium in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and its association with airway cilia structure disorder and disease severity. Methods: Lung tissue sections excised from 47 patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis were included between January 2018 and June 2021. Specimens from 26 subjects who underwent a lobectomy due to lung nodule were chosen as controls. Clinical information was collected, and pathologic analysis was performed to assess the epithelial structure and expression of ciliary regulating Foxj1. Results: Of the 47 patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, 25 were considered as mild, 12 were moderate whereas the remaining 10 cases were severe according to the bronchiectasis severity index score evaluation. Epithelial hyperplasia, hyperplasia of goblet cells and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, compared with control subjects. Cilia length in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients were shorter than that in the control group, (5.34 ± 0.89) μm versus (7.34 ± 0.71) μm, respectively (P = 0.002). The expression of Foxj1 was (2.69 ± 1.09) × 106 in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, compared with (6.67 ± 1.15) × 106 in the control group (P = 0.001). Moreover, patients with lower expression of Foxj1 showed shorter airway cilia and worse in disease severity. Conclusion: Foxj1 declined in the airway epithelium of patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, positively correlated to cilia length and might imply worse disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the main cause of end‐stage renal failure. However, the pathogenesis of DKD is complicated. In this study, we found that miR‐124‐3p plays a key role in regulating renal mitochondrial function and explored its possible mechanism in DKD progression by performing a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Decreased expression of miR‐124‐3p was found in db/db mice compared to db/m mice. Moreover, miR‐124‐3p down‐regulated FOXQ1 by targeting FOXQ1 mRNA 3′‐UTR in NRK‐52E cells. Also, an increase in FOXQ1 and down‐regulation of Sirt4 were found in db/db mouse kidney and renal tubular epithelial cells cultured with high glucose and high lipid. Overexpression of FOXQ1 could further down‐regulate the expression of Sirt4 and aggravate the damage of mitochondria. Conversely, the knockdown of the FOXQ1 gene induced Sirt4 expression and partially restored mitochondrial function. To verify the effects of miR‐124‐3p on Sirt4 and mitochondria, we found that miR‐124‐3p mimics could up‐regulate Sirt4 and inhibit ROS production and MitoSOX, thus restoring the number and morphology of mitochondria. These results showed that under high‐glucose and high‐lipid conditions, the down‐regulation of miR‐124‐3p induces FOXQ1 in renal tubular epithelial cells, which in turn suppresses Sirt4 and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, promoting the development of DKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a high-risk pathogenic toxin for hepatic diseases. Excessive mitophagy is a hallmark in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a key regulator for mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Here, Cd exposure upregulated MCU expression and increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake are found. MCU inhibition through siRNA or by Ru360 significantly attenuates Cd-induced excessive mitophagy, thereby rescues mitochondrial dysfunction and increases hepatocyte viability. Heterozygous MCU knockout mice exhibit improved liver function, ameliorated pathological damage, less mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitophagy after Cd exposure. Mechanistically, Cd upregulates MCU expression through phosphorylation activation of cAMP-response element binding protein at Ser133(CREBS133) and subsequent binding of MCU promoter at the TGAGGTCT, ACGTCA, and CTCCGTGATGTA regions, leading to increased MCU gene transcription. The upregulated MCU intensively interacts with voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1), enhances its dimerization and ubiquitination, resulting in excessive mitophagy. This study reveals a novel mechanism, through which Cd upregulates MCU to enhance mitophagy and hepatotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor occurrence is closely related to the unlimited proliferation and the evasion of the immune surveillance. However, it remains a challenge to kill tumor cells and simultaneously activate antitumor immunity upon spatially localized external stimuli. Herein, a robust tumor synergistic therapeutic nanoplatform is designed in combination with dual photosensitizers‐loaded upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and ferric‐tannic acid (FeTA) nanocomplex. Dual photosensitizers‐loaded UCNPs can induce photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect by generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) on demand under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation. FeTA can robustly respond to acidic tumor microenvironment to produce Fe2+ and subsequently induce chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by reacting with H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, the CDT/PDT synergy can not only exhibit significant antitumor ability but also induce ROS cascade to evoke immunogenic cell death. It increases tumor immunogenicity and promotes immune cell infiltration at tumor sites allowing further introduction of systemic immunotherapy responsiveness to inhibit the primary and distant tumor growth. This study provides a potential tumor microenvironment‐responsive nanoplatform for imaging‐guided diagnosis and combined CDT/PDT with improved immunotherapy responses and an external NIR‐light control of photoactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) has been widely used for localization of abnormal activity at the single‐voxel level in resting‐state fMRI (RS‐fMRI) studies. However, previous ALFF studies were based on fast Fourier transform (FFT‐ALFF). Our recent study found that ALFF based on wavelet transform (Wavelet‐ALFF) showed better sensitivity and reproducibility than FFT‐ALFF. The current study aimed to test the reliability and validity of Wavelet‐ALFF, and apply Wavelet‐ALFF to investigate the modulation effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The reliability and validity were assessed on multicenter RS‐fMRI datasets under eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) conditions (248 healthy participants in total). We then detected the sensitivity of Wavelet‐ALFF using a rTMS modulation dataset (24 healthy participants). For each dataset, Wavelet‐ALFF based on five mother wavelets (i.e., db2, bior4.4, morl, meyr and sym3) and FFT‐ALFF were calculated in the conventional band and five frequency sub‐bands. The results showed that the reliability of both inter‐scanner and intra‐scanner was higher with Wavelet‐ALFF than with FFT‐ALFF across multiple frequency bands, especially db2‐ALFF in the higher frequency band slow‐2 (0.1992–0.25 Hz). In terms of validity, the multicenter ECEO datasets showed that the effect sizes of Wavelet‐ALFF with all mother wavelets (especially for db2‐ALFF) were larger than those of FFT‐ALFF across multiple frequency bands. Furthermore, Wavelet‐ALFF detected a larger modulation effect than FFT‐ALFF. Collectively, Wavelet db2‐ALFF showed the best reliability and validity, suggesting that db2‐ALFF may offer a powerful metric for inspecting regional spontaneous brain activities in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using shortcuts to adiabatic (STA) method, the proposal is to implement a fast multi‐photon down‐conversion, which can rapidly create 2N photons from the quantum vacuum based on the counter‐rotating effect of an ultrastrong light–matter coupling. The energy for the produced photons is given by a high‐frequency pump field. The STA method is used to design the driving fields to induce a rapid population transfer. Such an accelerated evolution can restrain the influence of decoherence during the evolution, so as to generate Fock states from vacuum with high fidelities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the underwater structure disease of the bridge is increasingly obvious, which has seriously affected the safe operation of the bridge structure, so it is necessary to detect the underwater structure regularly. There are many kinds of bridge underwater structure diseases. This paper targets the bridge underwater structural crack diseases adopts multiple image recognition networks for verification, compares the advantages of different networks, and takes the YOLO‐v4 network as the main body to build a lightweight convolutional neural network.Mobilenetv3 replaced CSPDarkent as the backbone feature extraction network, while the feature layer scale of Mobilenetv3 was modified, and the extracted preliminary feature layer was input into the enhanced feature extraction network for feature fusion. The PANet networks are replaced by the depthwise separable convolution. Using ablation experiments to compare the performance of four algorithm combinations in lightweight networks. At the same time, the disease identification accuracy of each network and the performance of the network are tested in various experimental environments, and the feasibility of the lightweight network is verified in the application of bridge underwater structure damage identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aplastic anaemia, cytokine-induced memory-like NK cell, natural killer cells, single-cell RNA sequencing We didn't detect NCAM (CD56) in the dataset and used CD7/KLRD1/KLRF1/NGK7/GNLY as specific NK cell markers.[3] As expected, all these eight clusters expressed high levels of NK cell-specific markers (Figure 1B). Keywords: aplastic anaemia; cytokine-induced memory-like NK cell; natural killer cells; single-cell RNA sequencing EN aplastic anaemia cytokine-induced memory-like NK cell natural killer cells single-cell RNA sequencing 1 6 6 12/29/22 20221201 NES 221201 Dear Editor, In recently, we reported the important contribution of nature killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). (B) LogFC bar graph of DEGs identified in NK cells by comparing HC-BM cells with HC-PB cells. [Extracted from the article]

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have received widespread interest for their high atomic efficiency, enriched active sites, excellent catalytic performance, and low cost. However, the agglomeration of single metal atoms and the use of inactive additives for affixing powdery SACs on planar electrodes may reduce the density of active sites, diminish the charge transport to active sites, and thus suppress their performance. Herein, a series of metal–nitrogen–carbon single‐atom aerogels (M‐SAAs, M: Cu, Ni, Au, Ru) are synthesized via a universal strategy, in which the merits of metal organic frameworks and carbon aerogels are perfectly combined to prevent the agglomeration of single metal atoms and overcome the problem of poor electrical conductivity. The as‐prepared M‐SAAs can be directly employed as self‐supporting electrodes for the electrochemical dechlorination of 1,2‐dichloroethane, and outstanding activity and stability are observed. Significantly, the Cu‐SAA with abundant Cu−N4 sites shows an extraordinarily high ethylene production rate of 446 µmol h−1, with a selectivity of 99% and Faradaic efficiency of 64%. Moreover, theoretical calculations are performed to demonstrate the selectivity and activity of different metal active sites. This study provides a new strategy to exploit highly effective SACs and offers an intensive insight into the mechanism of electrochemical dechlorination reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]