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为提高蛋白基Pickering乳液稳定性，采用美拉德反应制备乳清分离蛋白（WPI）-葡聚糖（Dex）接枝物，然后利用该接枝物制得蛋白基固体颗粒，再与中链甘油三酯制备Pickering乳液，考察WPI-Dex接枝物对蛋白基固体颗粒乳化活性、乳化稳定性和蛋白基Pickering乳液乳析指数的影响，以及Pickering乳液在不同pH、加热温度、贮藏时间下粒径的变化。结果表明：扫描电镜观察到共价接枝Dex将WPI形貌结构由球状转变为片状，十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证实干法美拉德反应成功制备了WPI-Dex接枝物；与WPI相比，WPI-Dex接枝物的乳化活性和乳化稳定性分别增加了57.8%和138.5%；WPI和WPI-Dex接枝物Pickering乳液贮藏30 d时的乳析指数分别为52.3%和36.0%，WPI-Dex接枝物使Pickering乳液的乳析稳定性提高了31.2%；WPI-Dex接枝物Pickering乳液具有良好的pH稳定性、热稳定性和贮藏稳定性。综上，蛋白质糖基化接枝修饰是提高天然蛋白质Pickering乳液稳定性的有效方法。In order to improve the stability of protein-based Pickering emulsion, Maillard reaction was used to prepare the whey protein isolate(WPI)-dextran(Dex) conjugate. The WPI-Dex conjugate was used to prepare protein-based solid particles, and then Pickering emulsion was prepared with medium-chain triglyceride. The effects of the WPI-Dex conjugate on the emulsification activity, emulsion stability of protein-base solid particles and creaming index of Pickering emulsion were investigated, as well as the change of diameter of Pickering emulsion under different pH, heating temperature and storage time. The results showed that scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed the covalently grafted Dex transformed the morphologic structure of WPI from globular to flake. The WPI-Dex conjugate was successfully prepared by the dry state Maillard reaction, which was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Compared with WPI, the emulsification activity and emulsion stability of WPI-Dex conjugate increased by 57.8% and 138.5%, respectively. The creaming indexes of WPI and WPI-Dex conjugate Pickering emulsion stored for 30 d were 52.3% and 36.0%, respectively, and the creaming stability of WPI-Dex conjugate Pickering emulsion increased by 31.2%. WPI-Dex conjugate Pickering emulsion had good pH stability, thermal stability and storage stability. In conclusion, the glycosylation graft modification of protein is an effective method to improve the stability of natural protein Pickering emulsions.

Wine is renowned for its rich content of polyphenols, including resveratrol (Res), known for their health promoting properties. Steamed clam with wine, a popular Mediterranean delicacy that highlights the role of wine as a key ingredient. However, despite these benefits, resveratrol's low bioavailability poses challenges. Could the process of steaming together with clam alter the digestive fate of resveratrol from wine? This study explores the potential of proteoglycan-based nanoparticles from freshwater clam (CFNPs) as a delivery vehicle for enhancing the stability and bioavailability of resveratrol, compared with wine and free Res' solution, aiming to elucidate mechanisms facilitating Res' absorption. The results demonstrated that CFNPs can effectively encapsulate Res with an efficiency over 70%, leading to a uniform particle size of 70.5±0.1 nm (PDI < 0.2). Resveratrol loaded in CFNPs (CFNPs-Res) exhibited an improved antioxidant stability under various conditions, retaining over 90% of antioxidant capacity after three-day storage at room temperature. The controlled-release profile of Res loaded in CFNPs fits both first and Higuchi order kinetics and was more desirable than that of wine and the free Res. Examined by the simulated gastrointestinal digestion, CFNPs-Res showed a significantly higher bioaccessibility and antioxidant retention compared to free Res and the wines. The discovery and use of food derived nanoparticles to carry micronutrients and antioxidants could lead to a shift in functional food design and nutritional advice, advocating much more attention on these entities over solely conventional molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The omega-3 fatty acid desaturase enzyme gene FAD3 is responsible for converting linoleic acid to linolenic acid in plant fatty acid synthesis. Despite limited knowledge of its role in cotton growth, our study focused on GhFAD3-4, a gene within the FAD3 family, which was found to promote fiber elongation and cell wall thickness in cotton. GhFAD3-4 was predominantly expressed in elongating fibers, and its suppression led to shorter fibers with reduced cell wall thickness and phosphoinositide (PI) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels. Transcriptome analysis of GhFAD3-4 knock-out mutants revealed significant impacts on genes involved in the phosphoinositol signaling pathway. Experimental evidence demonstrated that GhFAD3-4 positively regulated the expression of the GhBoGH3B and GhPIS genes, influencing cotton fiber development through the inositol signaling pathway. The application of PI and IP6 externally increased fiber length in GhFAD3-4 knock-out plants, while inhibiting PI led to a reduced fiber length in GhFAD3-4 overexpressing plants. These findings suggest that GhFAD3-4 plays a crucial role in enhancing fiber development by promoting PI and IP3 biosynthesis, offering the potential for breeding cotton varieties with superior fiber quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the benefits of ultrasound-guided intermittent thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) combined with intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in alleviating postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Patients and Methods: 120 patients with lung carcinoma undergoing VATS were included and divided into three groups: group S (single TPVB+PCIA), group I (intermittent TPVB+PCIA), and group P (PCIA). The patients' NRS scores, postoperative hydromorphone hydrochloride consumption, and intramuscular injection of bucinnazine hydrochloride were recorded. The incidence of PONV and complications were documented. Results: Compared with the group P, both group I and group S had significantly lower static NRS scores from 1– 48 hours after the operation (P < 0.05), and the dynamic NRS score of group I at the 1– 48 hours after the operation were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the group P, the proportion of patients with PONV in group I was significantly lower (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in group S. Moreover, the hospitalization period of patients in group I was significantly reduced compared with the other two groups (P < 0.01), and the patient satisfaction was significantly increased compared with the group P (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Intermittent TPVB combined with PCIA can reduce the postoperative pain and the occurrence of PONV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Modern perioperative guidelines encourage drinking oral carbohydrates 2 h before management. Nevertheless, research on the safety of preoperative carbohydrate drinks, particularly in extremely elderly patients is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the safety of carbohydrate drinks 2 h before surgery in extremely elderly patients (≥ 80 years) using gastric ultrasonography. Methods: We conducted a randomized prospective comparative study of 70 patients aged over 80 years who were scheduled for total knee arthroplasty, hip fracture or humerus fracture surgery. These patients were randomly assigned to the carbohydrate group (n = 35), which fasted from midnight, except for drinking 355 mL of a carbohydrate-containing fluid 2 h before surgery, or the fasting group (n = 35), which fasted from midnight and drank no fluid before surgery. The primary outcome of the study was the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum in the right lateral decubitus position (RLDP) before surgery. The secondary outcomes included CSA in the supine position, intraoperative blood glucose levels and their variability coefficients, Perlas grade, and the visual analog scale of subjective feelings. Results: The CSA in the RLDP and supine positions revealed no differences between the carbohydrate and fasting groups at 0 h preoperatively (P > 0.05). In the qualitative assessment, preoperative 0-h Perlas grading did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05). From 2 h before surgery to transfer out of the post-anesthesia care unit, the average blood glucose level of patients in the carbohydrate group was significantly higher than that in the fasting group (P < 0.001) but remained within the normal range. Moreover, the blood glucose variability coefficient was significantly lower in the carbohydrate group than in the fasting group (P = 0.009). Oral intake of 355 mL carbohydrates before surgery significantly relieved patients' feelings (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative consumption of carbohydrate drinks 2 h before surgery is safe in "healthy" extremely elderly patients. In addition, preoperative drinking has potential value in maintaining ideal blood glucose levels and stable blood glucose fluctuations perioperatively and improving subjective perceptions of preoperative preparation. This finding warrants further investigation in clinical practice. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration Number ChiCTR1900024812), first registered on 29/07/2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rejoining of bone sticks holds significant importance in studying the historical and cultural aspects of the Han Dynasty. Currently, the rejoining work of bone inscriptions heavily relies on manual efforts by experts, demanding a considerable amount of time and energy. This paper introduces a multi-scale feature fusion Siamese network guided by edge contour (MFS-GC) model. Constructing a Siamese network framework, it first uses a residual network to extract features of bone sticks, which is followed by computing the L2 distance for similarity measurement. During the extraction of feature vectors using the residual network, the BN layer tends to lose contour detail information, resulting in less conspicuous feature extraction, especially along fractured edges. To address this issue, the Spatially Adaptive DEnormalization (SPADE) model is employed to guide the normalization of contour images of bone sticks. This ensures that the network can learn multi-scale boundary contour features at each layer. Finally, the extracted multi-scale fused features undergo similarity measurement for local matching of bone stick fragment images. Additionally, a Conjugable Bone Stick Dataset (CBSD) is constructed. In the experimental validation phase, the MFS-GC algorithm is compared with classical similarity calculation methods in terms of precision, recall, and miss detection rate. The experiments demonstrate that the MFS-GC algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 95.5% in the Top-15 on the CBSD. The findings of this research can contribute to solving the rejoining issues of bone sticks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown carbon (BrC) aerosol could impact atmospheric radiative forcing and play a crucial role in atmospheric photochemistry. In this study, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) filter samples were collected synchronously in four major cities in northwestern China during the winter season (December 2019–January 2020): Lanzhou (LZ), Xining (XN), Yinchuan (YC), and Ürümqi (UR), which are represented as energy-producing and heavy manufacturing cities in China. The primary aim of the study is to explore the optical properties, sources, and chemical processes of water-soluble BrC (WS-BrC). The average mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (MAE 365) of WS-BrC at these four cities was 1.24 ± 0.19 m 2 g -1 (XN), 1.19 ± 0.12 m 2 g -1 (LZ), 1.07 ± 0.23 m 2 g -1 (YC), and 0.78 ± 0.16 m 2 g -1 (UR). The properties of WS-BrC were further investigated by an acid–base titration experiment. The results showed that the MAE 365 values in all cities increased with higher pH values (2–11), while the fluorescence intensities of water extracts fluctuated with pH values, being stronger under both highly acidic and basic conditions. The sensitivity to pH variation was most pronounced in the WS-BrC samples from YC and LZ, indicating the important contribution of acid or base functional group compounds in these locations. Additionally, the study revealed significant photo-enhancement (LZ) or photo-bleaching (YC and UR) phenomena of WS-BrC in different cities. These results suggest that the sources and/or chemical processes of WS-BrC varied among the cities. The sources and chemical processes of WS-BrC were further explored by a combination of parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) on excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectra of WS-BrC and positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) on high-resolution mass spectra of water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA). Six PARAFAC components were identified, including three humic-like substances (HULIS; two less oxygenated (LO) HULIS and one highly oxygenated (HO) HULIS), two protein-like or phenol-like substances (PLS), and one undefined substance. Four PMF factors were identified, including a water-soluble primary OA (WS-POA), a less oxidized oxygenated OA associated with coal combustion-induced WSOA (LO-OOA), and two highly oxidized oxygenated OAs resulting from photochemical oxidation and aqueous-phase oxidation transformations (HO-OOA1 and HO-OOA2). WS-POA was determined to be the most significant source of light absorption, accounting for 30 %–60 % based on multiple linear regression models, and it showed a significant correlation with PLS and LO-HULIS components. The loss of light absorption of WS-POA was found to occur through its conversion to LO-OOA and HO-OOAs through photochemical or aqueous reactions, with HO-OOAs being significantly correlated with the HO-HULIS component. These processes can be clearly illustrated by integrating optical properties and chemical composition using a Van Krevelen diagram and an EEM plot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women who develop diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of preterm birth. Here, we identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the serum of umbilical cord blood samples obtained from preterm neonates delivered by women with gestational diabetes to provide therapeutic targets for clinical drug development. Materials and Methods: Umbilical cord blood was collected after delivery of preterm neonates by women with gestational diabetes and after delivery of healthy neonates by women without diabetes. DEPs in the serum samples were identified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Gene Ontology (GO), cluster analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to determine the biological functions associated with these DEPs. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to confirm the key DEPs. Results: We found that 21 proteins were significantly upregulated, and 51 proteins were significantly downregulated in 72 DEPs in serum samples. GO analyses showed that the DEPs were mainly associated with the GO terms cellular process, biological regulation, cellular anatomical entity, and binding. KEGG signaling pathway analysis indicated that most of the upregulated DEPs were associated with the complement and coagulation cascades, Staphylococcus aureus infection, pertussis, HIF-1 signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway and that most of the downregulated DEPs were associated with the complement and coagulation cascades, dilated cardiomyopathy, pathways in cancer, Chagas disease, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The results of KEGG pathway annotation and enrichment analyses indicated that changes in the complement and coagulation cascades may be importantly associated with preterm delivery of neonates by women with gestational diabetes. The key DEPs were confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Conclusion: Our proteomics and bioinformatics analyses identified several key proteins and the complement and coagulation cascades pathway that warrant further investigation as potential novel therapeutic targets in preterm delivery among women with gestational diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial coupling of two-dimensional semiconductor materials is an effective option to construct heterojunction for enhancing photocatalytic activity. In this paper, a g-C3N4/SnS2 type-II heterojunction was constructed using an electrostatic self-assembly method. The g-C3N4/SnS2-60 showed a CO yield of 2.54 µmol g−1, which was 2.96 and 22.1 times that of the g-C3N4 and SnS2 nanosheets, respectively. The efficient carrier separation efficiency of the composites is mainly derived from the type-II heterojunction structure and the interfacial synergy of the two-dimensional (2D) structure. In addition, the high light response intensity of the g-C3N4/SnS2 composite also had excellent electron excitation and transfer ability. This work provides a new vision for the rational design of 2D heterojunction-based photocatalysts for the study of CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damaged edges of bone tag images contain external factors such as impurities and damage, which affect the stitching process and lead to repair errors. Therefore, this paper proposes a stitching method based on image edge position feature matching. The objective is to improve the accuracy of image stitching by matching feature points based on the position of the image edge pixel so as to solve the accurate stitching of broken edge contour. In the first step of this method, the image containing the broken edge is preprocessed by edge detection, and the location of the broken edge pixel is proposed. Secondly, the feature descriptors were calculated to extract the shape and texture information of the feature points on the fracture edge. Finally, the feature points are optimized by minimum correction and image mosaic is carried out. In terms of image stitching, pre-registration is performed by finding the feature descriptors that are most similar to the edge of the optimum fracture surface profile. The matching operator is added to the overlapping region to obtain the corrected image, and the panoramic image mosaic of the image fracture surface is performed. The experimental results show that feature descriptor matching can ensure the integrity of the fracture, improve the matching accuracy, optimize the uneven deformation of the fracture, ensure the quality of image stitching, and reduce the degree of image distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginsenoside Rg1, a traditional Chinese medicine monomer, has been shown to have antidepressant effects. We previously found that Rg1 exerts antidepressant effects by improving the gap junction channels (GJCs) dysfunction; however, the downstream mechanisms through which Rg1 ameliorates GJC dysfunction remain unclear. Since hemichannels directly release glutamate, GJC dysfunction decreases the expression levels of glutamate transporters in astrocytes, and glutamatergic system dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of depression. The glutamatergic system may be a potential downstream target of Rg1 that exerts antidepressant effects. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the downstream mechanisms by which Rg1 ameliorated GJC dysfunction and exerted its antidepressant effects. Corticosterone (CORT) is used to mimic high glucocorticoid levels in patients with depression in vitro. Primary cortical astrocytes were isolated and phosphorylation of connexin43 (Cx43) as well as the functions of hemichannels, GJCs, and the glutamatergic system were evaluated after drug treatment. Rg1 pretreatment reversed the anomalous activation of Cx43 phosphorylation as well as the dysfunction of hemichannels, GJCs, and the glutamatergic system induced by CORT. These results suggest that Rg1 can ameliorate CORT-induced dysfunction of the glutamatergic system in astrocytes by potentially reducing Cx43 phosphorylation and inhibiting opening of hemichannels, thereby improving GJC dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We investigated the effect and mechanism of miR-21-3p on the biological behavior of keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Methods: HaCaT cells were transfected with miR-21-3p mimics and miR-21-3p inhibitor, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8, and apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression changes of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured with immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expressions of IL-17A and STAT3 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Cytokeratin 17 protein was detected by Western blot. The relationship between miR-21-3p and STAT3 was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: The miR-21-3p mimics significantly promoted the proliferation and cell cycle progression of HaCaT cells. However, miR-21-3p mimics significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, decreased Bax expression and increased Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, miR-21-3p mimics significantly increased the expressions of Cytokeratin 17 protein, IL-17A mRNA and STAT3 mRNA. Of note, the miR-21-3p inhibitor exhibited contrary effects to miR-21-3p mimics. Furthermore, STAT3 was a direct target of miR-21-3p. Conclusion: miR-21-3p may promote the abnormal proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of HaCaT cells, possibly through regulating JAK/STAT pathway and the expression of Cytokeratin 17. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone sticks are composed of thin slices of animal bones created by ancient people, which mainly served the functions of fixing books, writing scripts, and divination. The bone stick script is an essential material for studying the history of Chinese Western Han script. Using a neural network for text recognition can quickly interpret ancient text, while extracting deeper semantic information, neural networks will also lose superficial image details. After multi-layer convolution and pooling of bone sticks, the continuous loss of superficial details affects classification accuracy. At the same time, the unbalanced distribution of bone stick quantity leads to a low recognition rate with small samples of bone sticks. Aiming to solve the above problems, a bone stick recognition method based on multi-scale features and focal loss function is proposed. Firstly, based on the residual network ResNet, the output features of the first layer and four Conv_x layers are pooled globally to reduce the feature dimension of each channel, and the channel splicing method is used to add different depths of base information to the original high-level features, which improves the detail feature extraction ability of the model. Secondly, in view of the unbalanced distribution of the bone stick data, the original cross-entropy loss function is replaced by the focus loss function, which increases the penalty for classification errors and improves the recognition rate of classes with few training samples. Experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method on the bone stick data set is up to 90.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the accuracy of signal recovery after transmitting over atmospheric turbulence channel, a deep-learning-based signal detection method is proposed for a faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) hybrid modulated optical wireless communication (OWC) system. It takes advantage of the long short-term memory (LSTM) network in the recurrent neural network (RNN) to alleviate the interdependence problem of adjacent symbols. Moreover, an LSTM attention decoder is constructed by employing the attention mechanism, which can alleviate the shortcomings in conventional LSTM. The simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed LSTM attention neural network is 1 dB better than that of the back propagation (BP) neural network and outperforms by 2.5 dB when compared with the maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) detection method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate and compare the retention rate, safety, and efficacy of two different lamotrigine (LTG) titration protocols for newly diagnosed epilepsy patients. We retrospectively evaluated newly diagnosed epilepsy patients taking LTG from January 2012 to December 2021. In one titration protocol, LTG was taken once daily; in the other, LTG was taken twice daily. Clinical characteristics, seizure outcomes, adverse effects and patient retention rates were evaluated. A total of 193 patients were included. There was no significant difference in seizure outcomes or adverse effects between patients treated with LTG once daily and twice daily. However, the retention rates were significantly higher in the once-daily group than in the twice-daily group (73.03% and 55.77%, respectively). The effectiveness and safety of LTG were not significantly different between the two different LTG titration protocols groups. However, the retention rate of the patients treated with LTG once daily was higher than that of the patients treated with LTG twice daily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study Aims: Elderly epilepsy is the third most common chronic disease that affects metabolism either alone or through antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Here, we focus on whether neurocognitive profiles in elderly epilepsy and its treatment are linked to metabolic conditions. Patients and Methods: Elderly patients with epilepsy without cognitive impairment (n = 78) and with cognitive impairment (n = 75) were enrolled. C-reactive protein (CRP) and metabolic markers (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), albumin, fasting glucose (Glu) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) were measured. Serum markers were modeled using logistic regression analysis. Results: TG, TC, fasting glucose, HbA1c and CRP were significantly increased (p < 0.05, 0.05, 0.001, 0.001, 0.01, respectively) in elderly epilepsy, whereas HDL-c, LDL-c and serum albumin were decreased (p < 0.001, 0.001, 0.001) in elderly epilepsy. TG, TC, fasting Glu, HbA1c and CRP were significantly elevated (p < 0.05, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, respectively) in epilepsy with cognitive impairment, whereas HDL-c, LDL-c and serum albumin were decreased (p < 0.001, 0.001, 0.001). The abnormal glycolipid profile was predominated in AED-treated patients. The regression model combined with TG, LDL-c, HDL-c and albumin performed better (area under the ROC curve was 0.824) in AED-treated patients. Conclusion: The relevant relationship between glycolipid profile and cognitive impairment with epilepsy was described, and the logistic regression model based on serum TG, LDL-c, HDL-c and albumin is reported and may serve as promising diagnostic markers for elderly epilepsy with cognitive impairment. Additionally, a specific emphasis on the complex role of altered lipid metabolism and AEDs is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins in grain crops give rise to a serious threat to food security and cause huge economic losses. In particular, aflatoxin B1 has been identified as a Class I carcinogen to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Compared with conventional methods, Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has paved the way for the detection of Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins in grain crops as it is a rapid, nondestructive, and sensitive analytical method. In this work, the rapid detection of Aspergillus flavus and quantification of Aflatoxin B1 in grain crops were performed by using a portable Raman spectrometer combined with colloidal Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). With the increase of the concentration of Aspergillus flavus spore suspension in the range of 102–108 CFU/mL, the better the combination of Aspergillus flavus spores and AuNPs, the better the enhancement effect of AuNPs solution on the Aspergillus flavus. A series of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 methanol solution combined with AuNPs were determined based on SERS and their spectra were similar to that of solid powder. Moreover, the characteristic peak increased gradually with the increase of concentration in the range of 0.0005–0.01 mg/L and the determination limit was 0.0005 mg/L, which was verified by HPLC in ppM concentration. This rapid detection method can greatly shorten the detection time from several hours or even tens of hours to a few minutes, which can help to take effective measures to avoid causing large economic losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop a simple, sensitive, low-cost, environmentally friendly and flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform, combined with a portable Raman spectrometer, for the rapid and on-site SERS detection of bacteria. Commercial tobacco packaging paper (TPP) with little background interference was used as a loading medium that effectively adsorbed Au nanoparticles and provided sufficient "hot spots". This Au-tobacco packaging paper (Au-TPP) substrate used as a flexible SERS platform can maximize sample collection by wiping irregular surfaces, and was successfully applied to the on-site and rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria. Raman fingerprints of pathogenic bacteria can be obtained by SERS detection of spiked pork using wipeable Au-TPP, which verifies its value in practical applications. The results collected by SERS were further verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. It showed several advantages in on-site SERS detection, including accurate discrimination, simple preparation, easy operation, good sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility. This study indicates that the established flexible SERS platform has good practical applications in pathogenic bacterial identification and other rapid detections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexokinase (HXK) is involved in hexose phosphorylation, sugar sensing, and signal transduction, all of which regulate plant growth and adaptation to stresses. Gossypium hirsutum L. is one of the most important fiber crops in the world, however, little is known about the HXKs gene family in G. hirsutum L. We identified 17 GhHXKs from the allotetraploid G. hirsutum L. genome (AADD). G. raimondii (DD) and G. arboreum (AA) are the diploid progenitors of G. hirsutum L. and contributed equally to the At_genome and Dt_genome GhHXKs genes. The chromosomal locations and exon-intron structures of GhHXK genes among cotton species are conservative. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the HXK proteins into four and three groups based on whether they were monocotyledons and dicotyledons, respectively. Duplication event analysis demonstrated that HXKs in G. hirsutum L. primarily originated from segmental duplication, which prior to diploid hybridization. Experiments of qRT-PCR, transcriptome and promoter cis -elements demonstrated that GhHXKs' promoters have auxin and GA responsive elements that are highly expressed in the fiber initiation and elongation stages, while the promoters contain ABA-, MeJA-, and SA-responsive elements that are highly expressed during the synthesis of the secondary cell wall. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the GhHXK gene family is a vital fiber crop, which lays the foundation for future studies assessing its role in fiber development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, rapid urbanization in China has led to land transformation and unequal social and economic development among rural collective land in different regions. Although there has been considerable research on land development in China, there is a lack of studies on the socioeconomic impacts of unequal collective land development on rural elders. This research investigates collective land support, family support, and social support among the elderly in three types of villages—urban, suburban, and remote—in China's Pearl River Delta. The findings show that land support retains an important factor for supporting the rural elderly, while family support is in steep decline, and social elderly support offers low coverage. However, land support differs greatly with location, and only urban villages in central locations with high land values are found to provide adequate land support for the rural elderly. The key influential factor of land income has shifted from land quantity to land location, and there now appears to be a need to adjust relevant land, fiscal, and taxation policies for collective land in different locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, big data has been broadly used as a research method in all aspects of analysis, prediction, and evaluation. The application of big data to college students' physical education plays a significant role in encouraging the completion of physical education at various levels. The application of the Internet and the advent of smartphones impact the way college students participate in physical exercise. At present, more and more students begin to participate in sports, and students' demand for physical training is increasing. During physical education training, a lot of data is generated every moment because of various actions and behaviors. Due to technical limitations, these data were not effectively collected and applied. In this environment, the development and management of sports data mining systems have become more and more important. This paper designs an intelligent big data system for college physical education training. The study mainly focuses on data decentralization, lack of data talents, insufficient technical support, and low utilization of venues in physical education. While designing a big data system, the data is collected based on ease of data collection, and a response framework with excellent performance in storing analytical data is selected. The design and management of this system have a certain significance for the improvement and optimization of current college physical education training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]