Search

Memristor-type feedback provides a unique passage for chaos produced with easy control. In this work, a novel memristive map with amplitude control and coexisting hyperchaotic attractors is designed, in which two nonbifurcation parameters are extracted for partial amplitude control crossing the origin and total amplitude control. Attractor splitting and attractor merging are captured, which lead to five regimes of attractor self-reproducing. In this case, double-cavity attractors extend in the direction of 0 ∘ , 45 ∘ , 90 ∘ in negative x -axis, 90 ∘ in positive x -axis, 135 ∘ in x -axis forming a specific wall of self-reproduction. Furthermore, the FPGA-based hardware implementation is carried out showing consistent results with numerical simulation. Finally, a high-security chaotic encryption scheme is proposed for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission system, where the power division multiplexing technique and two-dimensional region joint encryption are effectively utilized. The security of the transmitted information is improved by the various coexisting attractors and nonbifurcation amplitude controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune cholangiopathy, characterized by the presence of some autoantibodies in the serum. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibody levels detected by multiplex bead‐based flow fluorescent immunoassay (MBFFI) in PBC. Methods: This study cohort included 238 PBC patients, 81 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients, 62 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and 118 healthy controls. Serum AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibody were detected by MBFFI and immunoblotting assay (IBT). The relationship between three antibody levels and cirrhosis, liver function, cholestasis markers and therapeutic effect to ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) was evaluated in PBC. Results: MBFFI were presented good coincidence rate (87.39%–95.38%) with IBT. The level of AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibodies in PBC patients were higher than other disease group and healthy controls (p ＜.01). When compared with the healthy controls group, the AUC of AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibodies were 0.9245, 0.7619, and 0.6789, respectively. In addition, gp210 antibody levels have diagnostic value in patients with liver cirrhosis (AUC: 0.7567). We found that when combine detect these three antibodies, the sensitivity was higher than individually detection. High level of serum anti‐gp210 antibody could be related to worse liver function and more severe cholestasis in PBC patients. Moreover, serum antibody levels may decrease or remained flat in patients who responded well to UDCA. Conclusion: The detection of AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibody levels by MBFFI showed good performance in the diagnosis of PBC. Serum anti‐gp210 antibody level is related to cirrhosis, poor liver function and severe cholestasis in PBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel wave energy harvester (WEH) that can recover energy in the direction of heave, sway, and surge is designed under the background of low recovery efficiency and complex installation of the existing wave energy harvester. The harvester consisted of four main components: energy input module, energy transfer module, energy conversion module, and energy store module. In the paper, to convert more wave energy into electrical energy and improve the energy conversion efficiency of WEH, the motion transfer module is divided into vertical and horizontal motion transfer modules, which are used to harvest vertical and horizontal wave energy, respectively. The vertical motion transfer module combined with the ball screw structure, planetary gear structure, and one-way gear units ensure the generator has high speed. The horizontal motion transfer module is mainly composed of three uniformly distributed one-way gear units, ensuring collect the wave energy in all horizontal directions. The dynamic model of the harvester is established, and the simulation experiment is carried out under wave conditions with periods of 2s, 2.5s, and 3s, respectively. The simulation results show that when the wave period is 2s, 2.5s, and 3s, the corresponding energy conversion efficiency of the WEH is 66.7%, 60.9%, and 57.1%, respectively. The proposed study provides a theoretical reference for modeling similar WEHs and can effectively balance energy supply and demand and further support the global agenda of UN-2030 for sustainable development, especially SDG-7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human detection is the task of locating all instances of human beings present in an image, which has a wide range of applications across various fields, including search and rescue, surveillance, and autonomous driving. The rapid advancement of computer vision and deep learning technologies has brought significant improvements in human detection. However, for more advanced applications like healthcare, human–computer interaction, and scene understanding, it is crucial to obtain information beyond just the localization of humans. These applications require a deeper understanding of human behavior and state to enable effective and safe interactions with humans and the environment. This study presents a comprehensive benchmark, the Common Human Postures (CHP) dataset, aimed at promoting a more informative and more encouraging task beyond mere human detection. The benchmark dataset comprises a diverse collection of images, featuring individuals in different environments, clothing, and occlusions, performing a wide range of postures and activities. The benchmark aims to enhance research in this challenging task by designing novel and precise methods specifically for it. The CHP dataset consists of 5250 human images collected from different scenes, annotated with bounding boxes for seven common human poses. Using this well-annotated dataset, we have developed two baseline detectors, namely CHP-YOLOF and CHP-YOLOX, building upon two identity-preserved human posture detectors: IPH-YOLOF and IPH-YOLOX. We evaluate the performance of these baseline detectors through extensive experiments. The results demonstrate that these baseline detectors effectively detect human postures on the CHP dataset. By releasing the CHP dataset, we aim to facilitate further research on human pose estimation and to attract more researchers to focus on this challenging task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Observational studies have reported an inverse association of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). However, the causality of the association has not been established yet. The present study aims to clarify the causal relationship between T2D and TAA via a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Causality of associations were assessed using a two-sample MR framework. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics were obtained for T2D, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) as exposures, and TAA, ascending aortic diameter (AAoD) and descending aortic diameter (DAoD) as outcomes. Four different methods (inverse variance weighted [IVW], weight median, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO) were used to calculate causal estimates. Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were assessed using Cochran Q test and MR-Egger regression intercept, respectively. Results: Genetically predicted T2D was inversely associated with the risk of TAA (OR: 0.931, 95% CI 0.870 to 0.997, p = 0.040, IVW method) and AAoD (Beta: -0.065, 95%CI −0.099 to − 0.031, p = 1.7e−04, IVW method), but not with DAoD (p > 0.05). Genetically predicted FG level was inversely associated with AAoD (Beta: −0.273, 95% CI −0.396 to –0.150, p = 1.41e−05, IVW method) and DAoD (Beta: −0.166, 95% CI −0.281 to −0.051, p = 0.005, IVW method), but not with TAA (p > 0.05). The effect of genetically predicted HbA1c and FI on TAA, AAoD and DAoD did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Genetic predisposition to T2D decreases the risk of TAA. Genetically predicted T2D is inversely associated with AAoD, but not with DAoD. Genetically predicted FG level was inversely associated with AAoD and DAoD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early‐stage photoaging is characterized by skin laxity and wrinkling, which are mainly attributable to the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation‐mediated imbalance between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production and collagen degradation. Injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF) is a novel blood concentrate with potential effects on photoaging. Over the past few decades, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been widely researched and used in different clinical fields as a first‐generation platelet concentrate. The aim of this study was to compare the antiphotoaging effects of i‐PRF in UVA‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts with those of PRP by examining cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, ROS generation, MMP‐1 and collagen I levels. The activation of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway by i‐PRF and PRP was also investigated using western blotting. The results showed that i‐PRF was more effective than PRP in promoting cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, i‐PRF reduced ROS generation and cell apoptosis more effectively than PRP. With respect to the mechanism of collagen I upregulation, stronger stimulation of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway and greater suppression of MMP‐1 expression were achieved by i‐PRF than by PRP. Our results suggest that i‐PRF can be a promising substitute for PRP in alleviating UVA‐induced photoaging and should be explored further for its anti‐photoaging properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, sinusoidal functions are introduced to a discrete map for hyperchaos generation and attractor self-reproduction. The constructed map shares a unique structure with controllable symmetry and conditional symmetry, which exhibits compound lattice dynamics, including 1-D and 2-D attractor growth. The direction of attractor growth can be controlled under polarity balance. STM32-based circuit realization verifies the results with numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. A pseudorandom number generator is built finally based on the newly proposed hyperchaotic map proving the high performance in application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bearing capacity of a shallow strip footing is investigated by a pseudodynamic method under earthquake conditions. A nonsymmetrical multiblock mechanism is herein adopted to describe the uplift failure of the foundations based on the kinematic theorem of limit analysis. This nonsymmetrical mechanism comprises a series of rigid triangular blocks that translate into the failure area. The seismic load, varying with time and space, is represented by a pseudodynamic method that considers the dynamic properties of earthquake waves. A slice method is proposed to adapt the variation in inertial force with time and depth for the convenience of calculating the earthquake-induced work rate. Then, equating the external work rate and the internal dissipation rate, the rigorous upper-bound solution of the seismic bearing capacity factors, which will be optimized by the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) in the MATLAB toolbox for searching for the optimal value, is explicitly derived. Comparisons between the present solution and previous works are made to validate the rationality and accuracy of the proposed methodology. A specific parametric analysis is conducted to reveal the influence of dynamic parameters on the bearing capacity of the strip footing. Numerical results are provided graphically as well as in the tabular form for reference in footing design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initial condition-dominated offset boosting provides a special channel for coexisting orbits. Due to the nonlinearity and inherent periodicity, sinusoidal function is often introduced into a dynamical system for multistability design. Typically, the distance between two attractors or two petals of an attractor is fixed. Moreover, any chaotic signal and sequence need to be modified with amplitude and offset for a real application. In this paper, an initially-controlled double-scroll hyperchaotic map is constructed based on two sine functions. Four patterns of the double-scroll hyperchaotic orbits are found as 0-degree, 90-degree, 45-degree and 135-degree. Consequently, different modes for attractor growing are demonstrated. In this case, all the coexisting attractors are arranged in phase space in a direction defined by the initial value and the distance between two petals of any double-scroll orbit is adjusted. Finally, hardware experiments based on STM32 are carried out to verify the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a compact memristor structure unit is applied for constructing the discrete chaotic system and, consequently, a memristor-type chaotic mapping is designed. Two independent system parameters are proven to be partial and total amplitude controllers. Meanwhile, the internal memristor parameter returns the map a typical bifurcation. Finally, a hardware experiment based on STM32 is carried out by verifying the theoretical finding. To the best of our knowledge, the memristor-type chaotic mapping has not been previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rapid visual detection methods for heavy metal ions is significant for food safety and environmental protection. This work integrated copper nanoclusters and the organometallic framework ZrMOF into a nano detection system. The blue fluorescence of ZrMOF was used as a fluorescent internal standard. The visual and rapid detection of aluminum ions (Al3+) was achieved by Al3+ induced fluorescence enhancement of copper nanocluster aggregates. This nanoprobe has the advantages of high sensitivity, rapid response, and high visualization. The nanoprobe can detect Al3+ with a concentration of 0–60 μM (LOD was 139 nM) and can be used to detect Al3+ in environmental water samples. In addition, an instant detection platform for test paper and gel system based on the nanoprobe was constructed by using the smartphone's colorimetric acquisition and computational analysis application software (APP), which guides the application of multicolor fluorescent nanoprobes in the intelligent detection of fruit surfaces and flour additives. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the effect of ball milling on the crystal structure of coal gangue (CG) was quantitatively analysed based on the Scheele and Hinckley formulas，and the trend of the crystals from 700–800 ℃ was analysed. The results indicate that ball milling decreases the crystallinity and increases the lattice distortion rate of kaolinite in CG. As the calcination temperature increases, the [SiO 4 ] and [ AlO 6 ] groups increase and so does the crystallinity. The conductivity change of the CG/ portlandite (CH) system was tested, and the volcanic ash activity of CG with different activation modes was quantified using the diffusion kinetic model. The results indicated that the volcanic ash activity of CG was higher as the calcination temperature decreased and as the ball milling time increased. CG blended cement (CGC) was analysed for compressive strength, heat of hydration, derivative thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction tests, nuclear magnetic resonance tests as well as scanning electronic microscope tests. The results indicated that CGC exhibited higher strength than the pure cement test group at an early stage, and that their activity index (H 28) was greater than 1 (standard requirement is greater than 0.6) at 28 days at 30% dosing for each test group. In addition, the greater the lattice distortion rate of CG after ball milling, the more apparent the promotion effect on cement hydration. The higher the temperature after calcination, the more [SiO 4 ] and [AlO 6 ] groups occur as a result of recrystallisation in CG, leading to a weaker promotion of cement hydration. Response surface methodology was utilized to predict the optimum parameters of CG based on strength, The model has an R2 of 0.975 and shows good predictive performance. • Ball milling will increase the lattice distortion and decrease the crystallinity of CG. • Calcination temperature above 700℃ will increase the degree of polymerization of silica-oxygen and aluminum-oxygen bonds. • The lower the calcination temperature (700–800℃) and the higher the milling time, the higher the pozzolanic activity of CG. • The addition of 30%CG at 28 days increased strength by 38% compared to pure cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of the operational lifespan of solder joints in electronic devices, especially when subjected to intricate mission profiles, stands as a pivotal imperative in the domain of electronic material design. In response to this critical concern, this study introduces an innovative methodology designed to discern between gradual and sudden failures, offering a nuanced exploration of the distinct failure mechanisms at play. Distinguishing itself through a sophisticated treatment of failure mechanisms—specifically, the incorporation of thermomechanical fatigue and vibration-induced mechanisms—within the context of solder joint degradation, the proposed approach significantly elevates the precision and accuracy of reliability evaluations. This refined methodology emerges as a valuable contribution to the field, promising more insightful and reliable results in the assessment of electronic device durability under diverse and complex operational conditions. • Ability to account for multiple failure mechanisms in the solder joint. • Utilizing a Bayesian Neural Network tool to dynamically define degradation states. • Delivering higher precise reliability assessment compared to conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postharvest sprouting is a major problem for the storage of sweet potato. This study compared the effect of D-fenchone with methyl naphthacetate (MENA) treatments on the sprouting of 'Yan 25′ sweet potato. The untreated control roots sprouted within 4 days however the roots fumigated with 200 μL / 23 L D-fenchone or MENA completely inhibited the sprouting of freshly harvested 'Yan 25′ during 14 days storage at 30 ℃. Furthermore, treating established sprouts (0.5 cm) with MENA or D-fenchone resulted in damaged sprouts after seven days following treatment with higher MDA content and these sprouts eventually died. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that both D-fenchone and MENA inhibited cell wall synthesis and disrupted auxin and cytokinin pathways in the storage roots, by which suppressed the sprouting. The RNA-seq results of established sprouts showed that both D-fenchone and MENA promoted ethylene and reactive oxidative species (ROS) pathways, which were correlated with the physical damage. In addition, D-fenchone and MENA inhibited auxin pathway, MENA changed cytokinin and D-fenchone disrupted polyamine, cell division and cellulose biosynthesis pathways which all may have contributed to sprout suppression. • D-fenchone works better than MENA in inhibiting sweet potato sprouting. • The inhibiting effect of D-fenchone on sprouting of sweet potato is reversible. • D-fenchone/MENA induced membrane damage and senescence in established shoots. • Plant hormones were associated with D-fenchone/MENA induced sprout suppression. • Transcriptional responses of established shoots to D-fenchone is quicker than MENA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder characterized by abnormal functioning of brain networks, making it a complex research topic. Recent advancements in neuroimaging technology offer an effective approach to unraveling the intricacies of the human brain. Within different types of epilepsy, there is growing recognition regarding ongoing changes in the default mode network (DMN). However, little is known about the shared and distinct alterations of static functional connectivity (sFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in DMN among epileptic subtypes, especially in children with epilepsy. Here, 110 children with epilepsy at a single center, including idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE), as well as 84 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. We investigated both sFC and dFC between groups of the DMN. Decreased static and dynamic connectivity within the DMN subsystem were shared by all subtypes. In each epilepsy subtype, children with epilepsy displayed significant and distinct patterns of DMN connectivity compared to the control group: the IGE group showed reduced interhemispheric connectivity, the FLE group consistently demonstrated disturbances in frontal region connectivity, the TLE group exhibited significant disruptions in hippocampal connectivity, and the PLE group displayed a notable decrease in parietal-temporal connectivity within the DMN. Some state-specific FC disruptions (decreased dFC) were observed in each epilepsy subtype that cannot detect by sFC. To determine their uniqueness within specific subtypes, bootstrapping methods were employed and found the significant results (IGE: between PCC and bilateral precuneus, FLE: between right middle frontal gyrus and bilateral middle temporal gyrus, TLE: between left Hippocampus and right fusiform, PLE: between left angular and cingulate cortex). Furthermore, only children with IGE exhibited dynamic features associated with clinical variables. Our findings highlight both shared and distinct FC alterations within the DMN in children with different types of epilepsy. Furthermore, our work provides a novel perspective on the functional alterations in the DMN of pediatric patients, suggesting that combined sFC and dFC analysis can provide valuable insights for deepening our understanding of the neuronal mechanism underlying epilepsy in children. • Decreased static and dynamic connectivity within the DMN subsystem were shared by all children with epilepsy • State-specific FC disruptions were observed in each patient group that were not detected by state FC • Epilepsy children in each subtype also showed unique connectivity patterns of the DMN that reflect their epilepsy types • The findings of static and dynamic functional abnormalities in DMN confirmed the essential role of DMN in children with epilepsy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A multi-degree-of-freedom kinetic energy harvesting system is proposed for ships. • The harvester recovers ship kinetic energy in the surge, roll, sway, and pitch. • The effect of distinct influencing factors on output power is investigated. • The maximum power of the harvester is 173.10 μW while operating in a lake. The utilization of kinetic energy from the motion of small fishing boats to energize ship-borne wireless sensors offers a promising solution to address the power supply challenges of these sensors in the maritime environment. Nonetheless, the constrained scope of retrievable kinetic energy in the prevailing ship-borne kinetic energy harvester has evolved into a hindrance, curbing its progression. Hence, this paper proposed a novel multi-degree of freedom kinetic energy harvester for low-power applications in ships, where the harvester is harnessed by combining a ball rod, sliding bearing, and slider body. Relying on this mechanical device, the ship's kinetic energy in the surge, roll, sway, and pitch directions is transformed into the swinging motion of the mass ball, subsequently converted into the movement of the slider body. Under the influence of the magnetic force between the slider body and the piezoelectric beam, the piezoelectric beam experiences frequent oscillations, ultimately translating mechanical motion into electrical energy. The experimental results show that the harvester can charge capacitors with capacities of 220 μF, 470 μF, and 1000 μF to 1 V within time intervals of 15 s, 24 s, and 36 s. The prototype has been effectively deployed on a ship in an artificial lake, achieving an impressive maximum average power output of 173.10 μW. This study serves as compelling evidence that the harvesting of kinetic energy from ships presents a promising solution for self-powering low-energy applications onboard while also introducing a novel design concept for applying kinetic energy harvesters on fishing vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-Deoxy-D-sorbitol, the 1-deoxy analogue of D-sorbitol, has been detected in human urine as well as in natural herbs and spices. Although there are sporadic reports about 1-deoxy-D-sorbitol dehydrogenase, the complete catabolic pathway of 1-deoxy-D-sorbitol remains unsolved. Informed by the promiscuous activities of fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA) which is involved in the sorbitol (glucitol) utilization (gut) operon and guided by the large scale bioinformatics analysis, we predicted and then experimentally verified the gut operon encoded by Bacillus licheniformis ATCC14580 is responsible for the catabolism of both D-sorbitol and 1-deoxy-D-sorbitol by in vitro activity assays of pathway enzymes, in vivo growth phenotypes, and transcriptomic studies. Moreover, the phylogenetic distribution analysis suggests that the D-sorbitol and 1-deoxy-D-sorbitol catabolic gene cluster is mostly conserved in members of Firmicutes phylum. • D-Sorbitol and 1-deoxy-D-sorbitol catabolic pathways in Bacillus licheniformis. • The integrated strategy for discovery of novel metabolic pathways. • D-Sorbitol and 1-deoxy-D-sorbitol catabolic pathways are conserved in Firmicutes. • Insight about the biological role of 1-deoxy-D-sorbitol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of substantial disability worldwide. Previous studies have shown brain functional and structural alterations in adults with stroke. However, few studies have examined the longitudinal reorganization in whole-brain structural networks in stroke.Methods: Here, we applied graph theoretical analysis to investigate the longitudinal topological organization of white matter networks in 20 ischemic stroke patients with a one-month interval between two timepoints. Two sets of clinical scores, Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) and neurological deficit scores (NDS), were assessed for all patients on the day the image data were collected.Results: The stroke patients exhibited significant increases in FMA scores and significant reductions in DNS between the two timepoints. All groups exhibited small-world organization (σ  >  1) in the brain structural network, including a high clustering coefficient (γ  >  1) and a low normalized characteristic path length (λ ≈ 1). However, compared to healthy controls, stroke patients showed significant decrease in nodal characteristics at the first timepoint, primarily in the right supplementary motor area, right middle temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobe, right postcentral gyrus and left posterior cingulate gyrus. Longitudinal results demonstrated that altered nodal characteristics were partially restored one month later. Additionally, significant correlations between the nodal characteristics of the right supplementary motor area and the clinical scale scores (FMA and NDS) were observed in stroke patients. Similar behavioral-neuroimaging correlations were found in the right inferior parietal lobe.Conclusion: Altered topological properties may be an effect of stroke, which can be modulated during recovery. The longitudinal results and the neuroimaging-behavioral relationship may provide information for understanding brain recovery from stroke. Future studies should detect whether observed changes in structural topological properties can predict the recovery of daily cognitive function in stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chaotic map with two-dimensional offset boosting is exhaustively studied, which is derived from the Lozi map and shows the controllability of amplitude control. The mechanism of two-dimensional offset boosting is revealed based on the cancelation of offset-involved feedback terms. Furthermore, the coexistence of homogeneous multistability and heterogeneous multistability is disclosed when the offset boosting turns to the initial condition. It is also found that the independent constant term rescales the amplitude of all the sequences without changing the Lyapunov exponents. More strikingly, the parameters for amplitude control and offset boosting are bound together introducing hybrid control. The circuit implementation based on the microcontroller unit is used to validate the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. This chaotic map is applied for particle swarm optimization showing its stronger performance and robustness in solving optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that facial recognition among racial groups exhibits not only an other‐race effect but also an other‐ethnicity effect within the same racial group. To explore differences in facial recognition and visual scanning patterns due to the other‐ethnicity effect, behavioural and eye‐movement data were used to investigate the other‐ethnicity effect in the facial perception of Tibetan and Han Chinese individuals and whether the visual scanning patterns varied between them. Behavioural data revealed an other‐ethnicity effect on facial recognition of Tibetan and Han individuals. Eye‐movement data indicated that Tibetan and Han individuals fixated more on the eye and mouth regions when recognising Han faces and on the eye and nose regions when recognising Tibetan faces. The other‐ethnicity effect appeared to influence facial recognition in Tibetan and Han individuals, who adopted similar visual scanning patterns when scanning the faces of individuals of their own ethnicity and those of other ethnicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: A new family of dibenzoullazine derivatives was synthesized through 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides with alkynylbenziodoxoles followed by oxidation. The benziodoxole moiety in the resulting products was used as a versatile linchpin for the synthesis of structurally diverse functional dibenzoullazines that are difficult to access by other synthetic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A copper-doped BiSe x nanozyme with NIR-II absorption was constructed. • Cu-BiSe x nanozyme induces cell apoptosis through photothermal effect and augmented oxidative stress. • Cu-BiSe x induces Cu2+-mediated cuproptotic cell death. • Synergistic effect with α-PD-L1 boosts antitumor immune responses. Cuproptosis is a newly recognized copper-dependent nonapoptotic form of cell death, which stimulate studies exploring copper-based nanomaterials to treat cancer through distinct mechanistic action. However, it remains a challenge to completely eradicate tumors via monotherapy. Herein, a copper-doped BiSe x (CBS) nanozyme was developed to boost αPD-L1-mediated immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) via synergetic apoptosis/cuproptosis-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). The defect-engineered CBS nanozyme exhibits strong peroxidase-mimicking activities and generates abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production causing cell apoptosis, which could be further augmented by NIR photoirradiation. Meanwhile, the CBS could cause mitochondrial lipoylated protein aggregation, leading to cell cuproptosis. The photothermal/catalytic/cuproprosis synergistic therapy triggered by CBS nanozyme combined with αPD-L1 antibody effectively inhibits the growth of primary tumors and distant tumors in prostate cancer model. Furthermore, CBS nanozyme exhibited significant germicidal effect in wound infection. Collectively, this work provides a new insight into cancer treatment of copper-based nanozyme based on cuproptosis/apoptosis-related combined therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verbal praise is often used to improve prospective memory performance in daily life. According to the motivation cognitive model, the promotional effect of verbal praise on prospective memory may depend largely on redeploying attentional resources, so its promotional effect is likely to be influenced by attention. Two groups of college students (n = 128, n = 117) participated in two experimental studies that examined this hypothesis. Experiment 1 manipulated attention load by changing the difficulty of the ongoing tasks to focus on the effect of verbal praise on prospective memory under different attention load conditions. The results showed that verbal praise promoted prospective memory performance under both attentional load conditions (low, high), but verbal praise mainly promoted the prospective component when the attentional load was low, meanwhile, verbal praise mainly promoted the retrospective component when the attention load was high. Experiment 2 altered the dependence of prospective memory tasks on attentional resources by manipulating the cue focality, further exploring the promotional effect of verbal praise on prospective memory with different types of cues under the low attention load condition. The results showed that verbal praise only promoted prospective memory when non-focal cues were used. The results of this study partially verified the motivation cognitive model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offset boosting plays an important role in chaos application in electronic engineering. A direct variable substitution typically will destroy the dynamics of a discrete map even though the initial condition is well considered. The internal fundamental reason is that the left-hand side of a discrete system does not have the dimension of variable differentiation (DVD) like the one of a continuous system. When the key property of DVD is completely preserved, the offset boosting based on a parameter or the initial condition can be reasonably achieved like in a differential system. Consequently, by the initial condition-oriented offset boosting, flexible multistability like attractor self-reproducing or attractor doubling can be further realized. A circuit experiment is completed for the verification of reliable offset boosting. The systematic exploration of offset boosting in a map will cast a new light on chaos regulation and attractor transportation in a discrete map. As a simple case, a two-dimensional Hénon map is taken as the example demonstrating the achievement of offset boosting via the parameter or initial condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycloheptatrienyl (tropyl) molecules are representative non‐alternant hydrocarbons that offer interesting chemistry because of their unique structures and properties. However, there have been a limited number of polycyclic aromatic tropyl cations and radicals reported in the literature. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of azahomocorannulene derivatives, where the key reactions are a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides with dibenzotropone and a subsequent palladium‐catalyzed cyclization. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the obtained azahomocorannulenyl cation and radical adopt planar structures and exhibit unique packing structures. Their electronic and optical properties were investigated experimentally and theoretically to reveal their aromatic character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycloheptatrienyl (tropyl) molecules are representative non‐alternant hydrocarbons that offer interesting chemistry because of their unique structures and properties. However, there have been a limited number of polycyclic aromatic tropyl cations and radicals reported in the literature. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of azahomocorannulene derivatives, where the key reactions are a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides with dibenzotropone and a subsequent palladium‐catalyzed cyclization. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the obtained azahomocorannulenyl cation and radical adopt planar structures and exhibit unique packing structures. Their electronic and optical properties were investigated experimentally and theoretically to reveal their aromatic character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huangjing contains no starch but rich in health-promoting compounds. The effects of Huangjing flour (HJF) on the physicochemical properties and quality of cookies were investigated by partially replacing wheat flour with HJF. The addition of HJF increased water solubility of the mixed flour and improved the crispness of cookies. The starch was lower approximately 69%, but obtained 8% higher protein and fat content than the control. The resistant starch increased from 23.74 to 41.37 g 100 g−1, which significantly reduced the in vitro digestibility of the cookies and resulted in a much lower estimated glycemic index (eGI) 53.67 (eGI<55) compared with 61.81 wheat flower control when 40% HJF was included. The microstructure of the products indicated that the exposure area of starch particles was greatly reduced by the addition of HJF. The onset temperature of gelatinization increased from 60.75 °C to 61.75 °C, and the enthalpy of gelatinization decreased from 1.68 to 0.88 J g−1 with the presence of 40% HJF, suggesting that the HJF could retard the gelatinization of the cookies. The above results demonstrate that inclusion of HJF into cookies improves the quality of cookies and also provides a strategy for the production of low-GI foods. • The addition of Huangjing flour improved the appearance and taste of the cookies. • The starch was entrapped by Huangjing flour resulting in lower exposure area. • The addition of Huangjing flour retarded the gelatinization of the starch. • The starch digestibility of cookies was reduced by Huangjing flour incorporation. • The eGI of the cookies was reduced below 55 with the present of 30% Huangjing flour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of neuronal discharge symmetry lies in its reflection of the stability and orderliness within the neuron's activity. This symmetry is correlated with various issues, including the biophysical properties within neurons, network structures, and synaptic transmission. Memristors are highly analogous to neuronal synapses due to their unique memory properties, allowing them to emulate biological neural synapses. In this work, a memristor is employed into the Hindmarsh‐Rose (HR) neuron as a synapse for the construction of a memristive HR neuron. Accompanied with the introducing of the absolute value and signum function, the derived neurons exhibit complex coexisting symmetric firing patterns. The phenomenon of symmetric firing can effectively simulate the depolarization and hyperpolarization processes of neurons, providing a new approach to study the diversity of the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐Organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of high porosity, angstrom‐scale pore size, and unique structure. In this work, a kind of MOFs, UiO‐66 and its derivatives (including aminated UiO‐66‐(NH2)2 and sulfonated UiO‐66‐(NH‐SAG)2), were constructed on the inner surface of solid‐state nanopores for ultra‐selective proton transport. UiO‐66 and UiO‐66‐(NH2)2 nanocrystal particles were in‐situ grown at the orifice of glass nanopores firstly, which were used to investigate the ionic current responses in LiCl and HCl solutions when the monovalent anions (Cl−) were unchanged. Compared with UiO‐66‐modifed nanopores, the aminated MOFs modification (UiO‐66‐(NH2)2) can improve the proton selectivity obviously. However, when the UiO‐66‐(NH‐SAG)2 nanopore is prepared by further post‐modification with sulfo‐acetic acid, lithium ions can hardly pass through the channel, and the interaction between protons and sulfonic acid groups can promote the transport of protons, thus achieving ultra‐high selectivity to protons. This work provides a new way to achieve sub‐nanochannels with high selectivity, which can widely be used in ion separation, sensing and energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and change in the other-race effect (ORE) in different age groups have always been a focus of researchers. Previous studies have mainly focused on the influence of maturity of life (from infancy to early adulthood) on the ORE, while few researchers have explored the ORE in older people. Therefore, this study used behavioral and eye movement techniques to explore the influence of age on the ORE and the visual scanning pattern of Han subjects recognizing own- and other-ethnicity faces. All participants were asked to complete a study-recognition task for faces, and the behavioral results showed that the ORE of elderly Han subjects was significantly lower than that of young Han subjects. The results of eye movement showed that there were significant differences in the visual scanning pattern of young subjects in recognizing the faces of individuals of their own ethnicity and other ethnicities, which were mainly reflected in the differences in looking at the nose and mouth, while the differences were reduced in the elderly subjects. The elderly subjects used similar scanning patterns to recognize the own- and other-ethnicity faces. This indicates that as age increases, the ORE of older people in recognizing faces of those from different ethnic groups becomes weaker, and elderly subjects have more similar visual scanning patterns in recognizing faces of their own and other ethnicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Low expression of ESR1 is associated with ascending aortic dilation and AAAD. • Peripheral blood ESR1 expression may be a novel diagnostic biomarker of TAA. • ESR1 expression is positively correlated with ration of naive CD8 + T cells in AAAD. The common genetic signatures of ascending aortic dilation and acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) remained unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of ESR1 in ascending aortic dilation and AAAD via a multi-omics approach combining transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and mRNA expression profiles. The TWAS analysis was performed by integrating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data of aorta and the GWAS dataset of ascending aortic diameter using the FUSION software. Joint/Conditional Analysis was used to screen conditionally independent genes from TWAS significant regions. mRNA expression profiles were used to confirm the differential expression of ESR1 in ascending aortic dilation and AAAD. An independent mRNA expression profile dataset was used to validate the diagnostic efficiency of ESR1 expression on thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to explore the potential molecular function of ESR1 in mouse aorta. Immune infiltration analysis was performed to evaluate the association between ESR1 and immune infiltration in AAAD. ESR1 was among the top 10 most significant genes identified by TWAS of ascending aortic diameter (Z score = -7.3, P TWAS = 3.30 × 10-13). mRNA expression profiles confirmed the low expression of ESR1 both in ascending aortic dilation (P mRNA = 0.0361) and AAAD (P mRNA = 0.0142). The diagnostic efficiency of peripheral blood ESR1 expression on TAA was further validated by an independent mRNA expression profile dataset. GSEA showed that GO terms and KEGG pathways mainly involved in metabolism and oxidoreductase activity were enriched in aortic tissue of ERα knockout mice. The immune infiltration ration of naive CD8 + T cells was significantly lower in AAAD compared with normal aorta, and was positively correlated with ESR1 expression. Low expression of ESR1 is associated with ascending aortic dilation and AAAD. Peripheral blood ESR1 expression may be a novel diagnostic biomarker of TAA. ESR1 expression is positively correlated with immune infiltration ration of naive CD8 + T cells in AAAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • KEEP detects inorganic mercury ions based on fluorescence quenching response. • KEEP detects organic mercury based on fluorescence enhanced response. • KEEP-Hg2+ can detect hydrogen sulfide through fluorescence reproduction. • KEEP achieved fluorescence imaging of Hg2+ and H 2 S in living cells. Mercury species, including inorganic and organic mercury, are extremely harmful to organisms and the environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to rapidly and selectively detect and distinguish inorganic mercury ions and organic mercury. This study reports peptide sequences that can act as inorganic mercury ions and organic mercury ligands. The peptide fluorescent probe KEEP ((Dansyl-Glu-Glu) 2 -Lys-NH 2) can detect mercury species by its coordination with the side chain of glutamic acid. Hg2+ can be detected by the "turn-off" fluorescence mode, while CH 3 Hg+ and PhHg+ can be detected by the "turn-on" fluorescence mode. This probe with different fluorescence response to inorganic and organic mercury is very rare, which makes it possible to distinguish between Hg2+, CH 3 Hg+ and PhHg+. KEEP-Hg2+ can also detect hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) through fluorescence reproduction. KEEP can detect these three analytes without interference from other substances due to excellent selectivity. KEEP also has good biocompatibility and low biotoxicity, and can successfully monitor the accumulation of Hg2+ and S2- in living cells. This probe provides a new approach for the detection of inorganic mercury and organic mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) is a group of epileptic disorders characterized by widespread generalized spike-and-waves discharges along with unresponsiveness and convulsions. Abnormal connectivity in the DMN is the common findings in children with generalized epilepsy. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the altered brain connectivity of DMN in children with GTCS remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to explore the temporal properties of functional connectivity states by dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) within the DMN of GTCS children. We collected resting-state functional MRI data from 22 GTCS children and 29 age-matched healthy controls. Sliding window approach and k-mean clustering analysis were applied to analyze the dFC and identify transient states of the DMN. Furthermore, the relationship between the dynamic properties and clinical features was assessed. The dFC analyses identified two reoccurring states: a more frequent and weak connected state (State 1) and a less frequent and strong connected state (State 2). Relative to the normal control, GTCS children spent more time in State 1 showing weak connections and spent less time in State 2 showing strong connections. Dynamic functional network connectivity strength within the DMN showed both increase and decrease in patient group. In addition, the changes of dynamic metric were found to be correlated with epilepsy duration. Our findings imply abnormal interactions and the state dynamics in DMN of the children with GTCS. These disruptions of temporal dynamic in DMN may provide significance for understanding the neural mechanism underlying the GTCS in children and suggest that dFC method can be considered as a valuable tool in children with epilepsy. ● GTCS children spent more time in the state with more frequent and weak connection within DMN. ● Abnormal interactions and the state dynamics in DMN correlated with epilepsy duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxidase-like metallo-nanozyme is developed based on multicomponent cooperative coordination among amino acid, metal ion and therapeutic agent, the metallo-nanozyme achieves synergetic chemo-catalytic therapy through depleting high-level glutathione in tumor cell and converting Fe3+ to Fe2+ for catalyzation of hydrogen peroxide into highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical, as well as the specific activation of chemical drugs for enhanced chemotherapy. [Display omitted] • Peroxidase-like metallo-nanozymes are simply constructed by amino acid-based cooperative coordinated self-assembly. • The biomimetic nanozymes demonstrate tumor in-site activated catalytic-chemotherapy. • The metallo-nanozymes suppress remarkably tumor growth and without any systemic toxicity. Simple biomolecules-based supramolecular self-assembly hold great promise on the fabrication of nanozyme for mimicking natural enzyme, both structurally and functionally. However, it remains a formidable challenge to design of tumor-specific nanozyme with promoted therapeutic efficiencies starting from such small biological molecule combinations and their cooperative interactions. Inspired by the metalloenzyme in living systems, i.e., peroxidase, herein the construction of metallo-nanozyme through a facile multicomponent coordination self-assembly based on the combination of amino acid, chemotherapeutic motif and metal ions is reported. The resulting metallo-nanozyme possess uniform size distribution, well-defined spherical nanostructure and high chemical drugs contents. Most importantly, the metallo-nanozyme depletes specifically high-level glutathione (GSH) in tumor cell and converts Fe3+ to Fe2+ for subsequent transformation of overproduced hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) into highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) in peroxidase-like catalytic manner. Meanwhile, the metallo-nanozyme are also activated in situ to release the chemical drugs in tumor cell for enhanced chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate that the supramolecular metallo-nanozyme suppresses remarkably tumor growth via combined catalytic-chemotherapy and without any systemic toxicity. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the tumor-specific biomimetic nanozyme with advanced catalytic therapeutic efficacy could be achieved through cooperative coordination of small biomolecules or therapeutic drugs, opening up opportunities in the development of catalytic anticancer nanozyme for efficiently combat cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with advantages of high efficiency, flexible design, and mild reaction condition is considered a promising molecular amplifier. Modified working principle of CHAs has been coupled with multiples signal generation and signal transductions to develop the diversified fluorescent biosensors. Emerging signal amplification techniques were introduced into CHA to meet the requirement of rapid, sensitive, accurate, and specific point-of-care testing (POCT) in vitro. Moreover, others advanced techniques were integrated with CHA to improve the delivery efficiency, enhance the ability, and accelerate reaction speed for in vivo analysis. Thus, the CHA-based fluorescent biosensor has been applied on varying targets, including nucleic acids, metal ions, small molecules, proteins, enzymes, exosomes, and cells. Herein, the review systematically summarized the design principle, evolution, and application of the biosensors, and then discussed the challenges in depth. The aim was to highlight the importance of developing advanced CHA-based biosensors and promoting their practical application. • Flexible schemes containing design fundamental of CHA, circuit leakage, signal generation, and signal transduction. • Advanced techniques were used to design a CHA-based fluorescent biosensor with good performance for in vitro analysis. • Emerging techniques integrated with CHA-based fluorescent biosensor for in vivo analysis. • Wide application on detection of different targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 'Golden Delicious' apples show higher CO 2 tolerance than 'Han Fu' apple. • PPO activity was associated with CO 2 induced browning in 'Han Fu' apple. • RAP 2 s and PDCs were correlated to high CO 2 tolerance in 'Golden Delicious' apple. • L-LDHs, PLPs, PALs, PPOs were associated with browning in 'Han Fu' apple. Internal browning is physiological storage disorder in many apples often associated with high CO 2 during controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. However the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to internal browning are poorly understood. This study examined changes in the apple transcriptome associated with internal browning related to high CO 2 in CA storage by comparing the responses of a CO 2 sensitive cultivar 'Han Fu' and the CO 2 tolerant cultivar 'Golden Delicious'. The apples were harvested at optimum maturity for long term storage and stored in a CA of 3 % O 2 and 6 % CO 2 at 4 ℃ for 60 d. The CO 2 sensitive 'Han Fu' showed severe browning symptoms within 30 d storage in CA, while no internal browning symptoms were detected in 'Golden Delicious' even after 60 d storage under the same storage conditions. PPO activity was higher in 'Han Fu' apples after 30 d storage. Differences in the expression profile between cultivars were assessed using RNA-sequencing techniques to identify candidate genes associated with internal browning in a cultivar specific manner. The RNA sequencing results showed that higher expression of the related to apetala 2 (RAP 2) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) encoding genes in 'Golden Delicious' apples were associated with higher CO 2 tolerance in this cultivar. Conversely, the higher expression of key genes from lactate production (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), lipid catabolic (patatin-like protein, PLP), polyphenol biosynthesis (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were associated with the internal browning development in 'Han Fu' apple in CA storage condition. A conceptual model elucidating the molecular mechanism of browning development in 'Han Fu' and CO 2 acclimation in 'Golden Delicious' during storage in CA is proposed. The further elucidation of this mechanism will lead to a theory to optimize cultivar breeding in apple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The offset as the average value of a variable plays an important role in signal processing and system design. Offset boosting can be realized by a non-bifurcation parameter or an initial condition. In this work, symmetric coexisting attractors with opposite polarity and a 2D hyperchaotic map with multiple modes of offset boosting are proposed, where the offset can be controlled both by the initial condition and system parameter, and as a result, multiple alternatives of offset boosting and offset competition show up. Consequently, the final offset is determined eventually by the balance of two factors. The theoretical findings are verified through the hardware experiment based on the STM32. Finally, a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) is constructed based on the newly proposed hyperchaotic map, demonstrating its high performance in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vehicle suspension system is considered to have tremendous potential in energy harvesting and to be applicable for improving the efficiency of energy use of the vehicle. A novel piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) with noncontact magnetic force has the feature of low friction loss and is designed based on the vibration characteristic of the suspension system. The research comprises two main components: the motion conversion component and the energy conversion component. A screw‐nut mechanism that can convert linear vibration between the vehicle body and the wheel into rotational motion is used as the motion conversion component. The energy conversion component is a core component of the PEH; its function is to convert rotational energy into electrical energy through noncontact magnetic force and piezoelectric effect. The magnetic excitation model's credibility and the modeling method's feasibility are verified by experiment and simulation. Through vehicle field tests, the influence of the driving speed, road surface roughness, and cargo state on the harvested power is obtained. Driving on a random road, the maximum of the generated power is 24.28 W, at 60 km/h, under the laden state. Driving on a pulse road, the harvested power is 3346 W, at 30 km/h, under the unladen state. It is indicated that the PEH is a promising and practical option for harvesting energy for the vehicle's suspension system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury is an anthropogenic toxic heavy metal found in the environment. It is highly desirable to develop a fluorescence probe that can selectively and sensitively detect mercury ions using a turn-on response. This paper reports the successful development of a peptide fluorescence probe, TP-2 (TPE-Trp-Pro-Gln-His-Glu-NH 2), which uses aggregation-induced emission effects and high selectivity to detect Hg2+. After fluorescence was activated, Hg2+ was efficiently detected using the change in fluorescence intensity. The detection limit for Hg2+ in the buffer solution was 41 nM (R2 = 0.9952). Owing to its high sensitivity, high cell permeability, and low biotoxicity, the probe could perform live cell imaging under biological conditions. This study demonstrated that TP-2 can detect Hg2+ in complex biological environments. [Display omitted] • The peptide fluorescence probe based on AIE can obtain 30-fold fluorescence enhancement. • Highly selective response to Hg2+ among various biological relevant metal ions. • The side chains of Trp, Gln, His, and Glu are used as Hg2+ coordination sites, making the probe highly specific. • This probe can be used for detecting and imaging Hg2+ in live cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Aptamers which can specificity bind to 25(OH)D 3 have been applied to establish new electrochemical biosensor. • The binding abilities of 25(OH)D 3 aptamers were confirmed and compared by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. • The developed aptasensor showed high specificity and sensitivity towards 25(OH)D 3. Vitamin D deficiency remains a serious health issue in many developing countries and regions with a deficiency of sunlight. And although the demand for vitamin D testing has increased dramatically in recent years, finding new methods for efficient rapid testing remain at the forefront for clinical diagnosis and public health prevention. Herein, we are introducing an electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3), comparing two aptamers platforms. The oligonucleotide aptamers were immobilized on gold surfaces using a disulfide linker, followed by monitoring the electrochemical response by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Our studies revealed that the aptamer VDBA14 possessing a 5′-terminal disulfide recognizes the vitamin target. This electrochemical aptasensor exhibited a wide linear range of 1–1000 nM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.085 nM for the detection of 25(OH)D 3. The aptasensor also allows the detection of 25(OH)D 3 in human serum sample with high sensitivity and selectivity, indicating that the proposed electrochemical aptasensor may have potential applications in clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objectives of this study are twofold: first, to visualize the structure of malformed cochleae through image reconstruction; and second, to develop a predictive model for postoperative outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in patients diagnosed with cochlear hypoplasia (CH) and incomplete partition (IP) malformation. Methods: The clinical data from patients diagnosed with cochlear hypoplasia (CH) and incomplete partition (IP) malformation who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) at Beijing Tongren Hospital between January 2016 and August 2020 were collected. Radiological features were analyzed through 3D segmentation of the cochlea. Postoperative auditory speech rehabilitation outcomes were evaluated using the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cochlear parameters and postoperative outcomes. Additionally, a predictive model for postoperative outcomes was developed using the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm. Results: In our study, we conducted feature selection by using patients' imaging and audiological attributes. This process involved methods such as the removal of missing values, correlation analysis, and chi-square tests. The findings indicated that two specific features, cochlear volume (V) and cochlear canal length (CDL), significantly contributed to predicting the outcomes of hearing and speech rehabilitation for patients with inner ear malformations. In terms of hearing rehabilitation, the KNN classification achieved an accuracy of 93.3%. Likewise, for speech rehabilitation, the KNN classification demonstrated an accuracy of 86.7%. Conclusion: The measurements obtained from the 3D reconstruction model hold significant clinical relevance. Despite the considerable variability in cochlear morphology across individuals, radiological features remain effective in predicting cochlear implantation (CI) prognosis for patients with inner ear malformations. The utilization of 3D segmentation techniques and the developed predictive model can assist surgeons in conducting preoperative cochlear structural measurements for patients with inner ear malformations. This, in turn, can offer a more informed perspective on the anticipated outcomes of cochlear implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time‐based prospective memory (TBPM) is the ability to remember to do a planned task at the right time. In social interactions, people are often motivated to do things for others, which reflects an important factor that influences prospective memory, namely prosocial motivation. According to the motivational cognitive model, prosocial motivation promotes TBPM by paying more attention or adopting more effective strategies. This study explored the effect of prosocial motivation on TBPM under different time‐monitoring conditions within the motivational cognitive model framework. One hundred and thirty‐one university students participated in this experiment that adopted a 2 (groups: control, prosocial motivation) × 2 (viewing time conditions: limited, unlimited) between‐subjects design. The results revealed that the prosocial motivation group had better TBPM performance than the control group under both limited and unlimited viewing time conditions. At the same time, compared with the control group, the prosocial motivation group consumed more internal attention and utilized more strategies under both viewing time conditions, and their external attention was more effective. In addition, the external attention of the prosocial motivation group was higher only when time‐monitoring was unlimited. The results of this study further extend knowledge of the motivational cognitive model and expand its scope of application, which has theoretical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state glass nanopipettes provide a promising confined space that offers several advantages such as controllable size, simple preparation, low cost, good mechanical stability, and good thermal stability. These advantages make them an ideal choice for various applications such as biosensors, DNA sequencing, and drug delivery. In this review, we first delve into the functionalized nanopipettes for sensing various analytes and the methods used to develop detection means with them. Next, we provide an in‐depth overview of the advanced functionalization methodologies of nanopipettes based on diversified chemical kinetics. After that, we present the latest state‐of‐the‐art achievements and potential applications in detecting a wide range of targets, including ions, molecules, biological macromolecules, and single cells. We examine the various challenges that arise when working with these targets, as well as the innovative solutions developed to overcome them. The final section offers an in‐depth overview of the current development status, newest trends, and application prospects of sensors. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the current state‐of‐the‐art functionalized nanopipette perception sensing and development of detection means and offers valuable insights into the prospects for this exciting field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The intricate etiology of autoimmune liver disease (AILD) involves genetic, environmental, and other factors that yet to be completely elucidated. This study comprehensively assessed the causal association between genetically predicted modifiable risk factors and AILD by employing Mendelian randomization. Methods: Genetic variants associated with 29 exposure factors were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genetic association data with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were also obtained from publicly available GWAS. Univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for AILD. Results: Genetically predicted rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (OR = 1.620, 95%CI 1.423–1.843, P = 2.506 × 10− 13) was significantly associated with an increased risk of AIH. Genetically predicted smoking initiation (OR = 1.637, 95%CI 1.055–2.540, P = 0.028), lower coffee intake (OR = 0.359, 95%CI 0.131–0.985, P = 0.047), cholelithiasis (OR = 1.134, 95%CI 1.023–1.257, P = 0.017) and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 1.397, 95%CI 1.094–1.784, P = 0.007) were suggestively associated with an increased risk of AIH. Genetically predicted inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (OR = 1.212, 95%CI 1.127–1.303, P = 2.015 × 10− 7) and RA (OR = 1.417, 95%CI 1.193–1.683, P = 7.193 × 10− 5) were significantly associated with increased risk of PBC. Genetically predicted smoking initiation (OR = 1.167, 95%CI 1.005–1.355, P = 0.043), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR = 1.086, 95%CI 1.017–1.160, P = 0.014) and higher CRP (OR = 1.199, 95%CI 1.019–1.410, P = 0.028) were suggestively associated with an increased risk of PBC. Higher vitamin D3 (OR = 0.741, 95%CI 0.560–0.980, P = 0.036) and calcium (OR = 0.834, 95%CI 0.699–0.995, P = 0.044) levels were suggestive protective factors for PBC. Genetically predicted smoking initiation (OR = 0.630, 95%CI 0.462–0.860, P = 0.004) was suggestively associated with a decreased risk of PSC. Genetically predicted IBD (OR = 1.252, 95%CI 1.164–1.346, P = 1.394 × 10− 9), RA (OR = 1.543, 95%CI 1.279–1.861, P = 5.728 × 10− 6) and lower glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR = 0.268, 95%CI 0.141–0.510, P = 6.172 × 10− 5) were positively associated with an increased risk of PSC. Conclusions: Evidence on the causal relationship between 29 genetically predicted modifiable risk factors and the risk of AIH, PBC, and PSC is provided by this study. These findings provide fresh perspectives on the management and prevention strategies for AILD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy, a conserved cellular recycling process, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis under stress conditions. It also regulates the development and virulence of numerous filamentous fungi. In this study, we investigated the specific function of ATG8, a reliable autophagic marker, in the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus flavus. To investigate the role of atg8 in A. flavus, the deletion and complemented mutants of atg8 were generated according to the homologous recombination principle. Deletion of atg8 showed a significant decrease in conidiation, spore germination, and sclerotia formation compared to the WT and atg8C strains. Additionally, aflatoxin production was found severely impaired in the ∆atg8 mutant. The stress assays demonstrated that ATG8 was important for A. flavus response to oxidative stress. The fluorescence microscopy showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species in the ∆atg8 mutant cells, and the transcriptional result also indicated that genes related to the antioxidant system were significantly reduced in the ∆atg8 mutant. We further found that ATG8 participated in regulating the pathogenicity of A. flavus on crop seeds. These results revealed the biological role of ATG8 in A. flavus, which might provide a potential target for the control of A. flavus and AFB1 biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of animal husbandry, animal food safety issues are increasingly exposed. Detecting pathogenic bacteria and residual antibiotics in animal food is of great significance for the early detection and regulation of harmful substances that threaten food safety. However, developing a fluorescent sensor that can detect both pathogenic bacteria and antibiotics is challenging. In this study, an interesting dual-channel ratiometric nanoprobe (CDs-Eu) based on europium-functionalized carbon dots was developed to realize the visual detection of Bacillus anthracis marker (DPA) and tetracycline antibiotics (TC) in a water environment under different excitation channels. This method had high sensitivity, comprehensive response range, anti-interference ability, and visualization for detecting DPA and TC. Combined with intelligent phone color scanning applications, a portable agarose gel nanosensor was designed to achieve multicolor on-site assessment of DPA and TC. In addition, an advanced three-to-six logic gate analysis method was also developed, which was expected to achieve intelligent sensing of DPA and TC in food safety. • A dual-channel ratiometric nanoprobe based on europium and carbon dots. • Realization of TC and DPA visual sensing through two channels. • Combined application of gelled detection device and intelligent APP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on parental burnout has focused more on its antecedents than on its consequences. Burned-out parents may experience a series of behavioral changes, negatively affecting their children's physical and mental development. This study examined the effects of primary caregivers' parental burnout on adolescents' development and the mediating role of negative parenting styles. This study used a time-lagged design, and data were collected at three different time points. Adolescents were asked to identify their primary caregivers, and parents were asked whether they were the primary caregivers of their children. Thereafter, paired data from the children and primary caregivers were collected. A total of 317 junior middle school students (178 boys, Mage = 14.20 ± 0.8 years) and primary caregivers (71 fathers, Mage = 42.20 ± 4.53 years) from Henan province participated. Primary caregivers' parental burnout was positively associated with negative parenting styles, and negative parenting styles mediated the relationship between parental burnout and adolescent development. From the perspective of prevention-focused interventions, it is necessary to focus on preventing the occurrence of parental burnout. Further, parents should try to avoid using abusive behaviors toward their children and neglecting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescents' mental health literacy is a topic of growing interest and studies have begun to explore the factors that influence adolescents' mental health literacy. This study investigated the relationship between parents' mental health literacy and adolescents' mental health literacy, as well as the mediating roles of parent-child relationship, and the moderating roles of school mental health service. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to adolescents and their parents at two time points with an interval of one month. In the first survey, 835 parents completed a mental health literacy scale and a parent-child relationship scale. In the second, 841 adolescents completed a school mental health service questionnaire and an adolescent mental health literacy assessment questionnaire. A total of 617 paired data points were matched (parents' age: M = 40.47, SD = 5.10; adolescents' age: M = 13.34, SD = 0.99). Results: Bootstrapping results showed that parents' mental health literacy was positively associated with adolescents' mental health literacy. In addition, parent-child intimacy mediated the relationship between parents' mental health literacy and adolescents' mental health literacy. School mental health service moderated the relationship between parents' mental health literacy and parent-child intimacy and adolescents' mental health literacy. Conclusion: Intergenerational transmission of mental health literacy from parents to adolescents and its conditions were revealed. These findings provide new insights for the intervention of adolescents' mental health literacy, and may lead future research to investigate the role of parents within the family context, as well as the influence of home-school cooperation on adolescents' mental health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium bisulfite is a food additive, and its excessive intake can be harmful to human health. In this work, a new method for detecting bisulfite was developed based on the Etch-Cu-HCF nanozyme with enhanced polyphenol oxidase-like (PPO-like) activity. The Etch-Cu-HCF nanozyme was obtained from the ammonia erosion of the Cu-HCF nanozyme, and its PPO-like activity was enhanced by nearly 100% than that of the Cu-HCF nanozyme. It is possible that the Cu/Fe ratio of Etch-Cu-HCF increased after ammonia etching and more copper active sites were exposed. In addition, based on the PPO-like activity of the Etch-Cu-HCF nanozyme, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DP) can be oxidized to its corresponding quinone-like product, which can combine with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AP) to obtain colorful products with UV absorption at 510 nm. However, the quinone-like product can be consumed by bisulfite via an addition reaction, which reduces the binding of the quinone-like product to 4-AP, resulting in a decrease in the UV absorbance of the system at 510 nm. Therefore, a new method for the detection of bisulfite was developed. The detecting range was 0–50 μM, and the detecting limit was 0.47 μM. The method has good selectivity and was successfully applied for the analysis of bisulfite in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]