4,013 results
Search Results
2. Regulatory update: Iowa Public Utilities Commission; Iowa Utilities Commission , has submitted ( EPB-2002-0150 ) Paper Documents Filed Prior to January 2, 2009 (2 of 3) 7.1 Transcripts (4 of 5)
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Public utilities ,Air quality ,Natural resources ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Des Moines: Iowa Public Utilities Commission has issued the following document: TESTIMOI\IY OF CATIIARINE ANN RATTENSPERGER FITZSIMMONS I WITNESS IDENTIFICATION z Q. Please state your name and business address. 3 [...]
- Published
- 2024
3. Air pollution impacts from a pulp and paper mill facility located in adjacent communities, Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada and Madawaska, Maine, United States
- Author
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Joelle Dionne and Tony R. Walker
- Subjects
Air pollution ,Pulp and paper ,Air quality ,National pollution release Inventory (NPRI) ,United States toxics release inventory (US TRI) ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Pulp and paper mills are known large emitters of air pollution creating potential environmental challenges and human health impacts. This study assesses air pollution and associated impacts from connected pulp and paper facilities which operate in Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada, and Madawaska, Maine, United States (US). Despite operating within two regulatory jurisdictions on both sides of the international border (in Canada and the US), the mills have exceeded their approvals to operate and national air quality regulations multiple times between 2010 and 2017. Previous studies have linked many types of cancer as well as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases to air pollution emitted by pulp and paper mills, making this an important regional issue in Canada and the US. While potential environmental and community impacts are likely similar on both sides of the international border, emissions from each side are not reported on the other, and few studies have been conducted on either side. Historic and ongoing lack of local epidemiological health and environmental impact studies and recommendations for improvements to mill operations to improve environmental and human health are presented.
- Published
- 2021
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4. AFANDPA OPPOSES EPA'S FINAL NOX FIP RULE THE RULE SHOULD EXCLUDE PAPER MILL BOILERS
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency ,Paper industry ,Nitrogen oxide ,Paper mills ,Air quality ,Heating -- Equipment and supplies ,Air quality management ,News, opinion and commentary ,American Forest and Paper Association - Abstract
WASHINGTON, DC -- The following information was released by the American Forest and Paper Association (AF&PA): The American Forest and Paper Association (AFandPA) President and CEO Heidi Brock issued the [...]
- Published
- 2023
5. Supply Of Ptfe Filter Paper For Pm 2 5, Glass Micro Fiber Filter Paper For Pm 10, Glass Microfiber Filter Paper For Pm 2 5, Glass Micro Fibre Filter Paper For Heavy Metal Analysis - Filter Papers For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Qty : 4484
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Air quality ,Air pollution ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for Supply of PTFE Filter Paper for PM 2 5, Glass Micro Fiber Filter Paper for PM 10, Glass Microfiber filter paper for PM 2 5, Glass [...]
- Published
- 2023
6. Air quality in Xizang remains excellent or good: white paper
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Air quality ,Air pollution ,Business, general ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
BEIJING, November 10, 2023 (Xinhua via COMTEX) -- Since 2016, the proportion of days with excellent or good air quality in southwest China's Xizang Autonomous Region has reached over 99 [...]
- Published
- 2023
7. United Kingdom : Publication of the White Paper on a Clean Air (Wales) Bill Summary of Responses
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Air quality ,Business, international - Abstract
Our Programme for Government, published in June 2021, set out a commitment to introduce a Clean Air Bill for Wales, consistent with World Health Organisation guidance and extend the provision [...]
- Published
- 2023
8. Written Statement: Publication of the White Paper on a Clean Air (Wales) Bill Summary of Responses
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Air quality ,Business, international - Abstract
London: The Welsh Government has issued the following news release: Our Programme for Government, published in June 2021, set out a commitment to introduce a Clean Air Bill for Wales, [...]
- Published
- 2023
9. The machine learning framework for traffic management in smart cities
- Author
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Tiwari, Pulkit
- Published
- 2024
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10. Research on Thermal Insulation Performance and Impact on Indoor Air Quality of Cellulose-Based Thermal Insulation Materials.
- Author
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Petcu, Cristian, Hegyi, Andreea, Stoian, Vlad, Dragomir, Claudiu Sorin, Ciobanu, Adrian Alexandru, Lăzărescu, Adrian-Victor, and Florean, Carmen
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INDOOR air quality ,THERMAL insulation ,INSULATING materials ,WASTE paper ,CIGARETTE filters ,CONSTRUCTION materials ,RAW materials - Abstract
Worldwide, the need for thermal insulation materials used to increase the energy performance of buildings and ensure indoor thermal comfort is constantly growing. There are several traditional, well-known and frequently used thermal insulation materials on the building materials market, but there is a growing trend towards innovative materials based on agro-industrial waste. This paper analyses the performance of 10 such innovative thermal insulation materials obtained by recycling cellulosic and/or animal waste, using standardised testing methods. More precisely, thermal insulation materials based on the following raw materials were analysed: cellulose acetate, cigarette filter manufacturing waste; cellulose acetate, cigarette filter manufacturing waste and cigarette paper waste; cellulose acetate, waste from cigarette filter manufacturing, waste cigarette paper and waste aluminised paper; cellulose from waste paper (two types made by two independent manufacturers); wood fibres; cellulose from cardboard waste; cellulose from waste cardboard, poor processing, inhomogeneous product; rice husk waste and composite based on sheep wool, recycled PET fibres and cellulosic fibres for the textile industry. The analysis followed the performance in terms of thermal insulating quality, evidenced by the thermal conductivity coefficient (used as a measurable indicator) determined for both dry and conditioned material at 50% RH, in several density variants, simulating the subsidence under its own weight or under various possible stresses arising in use. The results showed in most cases that an increase in material density has beneficial effects by reducing the coefficient of thermal conductivity, but exceptions were also reported. In conjunction with this parameter, the analysis of the 10 types of materials also looked at their moisture sorption/desorption capacity (using as a measurable indicator the amount of water stored by the material), concluding that, although they have a capacity to regulate the humidity of the indoor air, under low RH conditions the water loss is not complete, leaving a residual quantity of material that could favour the development of mould. Therefore, the impact on indoor air quality was also analysed by assessing the risk of mould growth (using as a measurable indicator the class and performance category of the material in terms of nutrient content conducive to the growth of microorganisms) under high humidity conditions but also the resistance to the action of two commonly encountered moulds, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum. The results showed a relative resistance to the action of microbiological factors, indicating however the need for intensified biocidal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Mr Ian Liddell-Grainger ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what steps his Department is taking to monitor the compliance of local authorities establishing clean air zones with the policy paper entitled Clean air zone framework, updated on 6 October 2022
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Nitrogen dioxide ,Air quality ,Local government -- United Kingdom ,Business, international - Abstract
London: UK Parliament has issued the following written answer: Answer Jesse Norman Answered on 10 November 2022 The Joint Air Quality Unit's evaluation programme aims to ensure that the nitrogen [...]
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- 2022
12. Canada : Air quality approval renewed for Irving Pulp and Paper Ltd
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Air quality ,Air pollution ,Business, international - Abstract
The provincial government will issue a new Class 1 air quality approval for the Irving Pulp and Paper Reversing Falls Mill in Saint John. The company operates a complex that [...]
- Published
- 2022
13. A review of regulating ecosystem services in the context of urban planning.
- Author
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Stoycheva, Vanya and Geneletti, Davide
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ECOSYSTEM services ,URBAN planning ,AIR quality ,URBAN ecology ,HUMIDITY - Abstract
There is a high growing demand for regulating ecosystem services such as air quality regulation, regulation of air temperature and humidity, and flood regulation, in urban ecosystems which is important for urban planning. A comprehensive review of the current studies of the urban ecosystem, regulating ecosystem services, and their connection with urban planning actions is needed. The current paper presents such a review conducted in six stages to evaluate the state-of-the-art of regulating ecosystem services and their relationship with urban planning. It includes 58 papers selected after a precise keywords search and developed by publication screening, defining indicators, developing an assessment template, and meta-analysis of the results. The analyses are focused on spatial data used in the studies, the methods applied for ecosystem services assessment, and the relationships between regulating ecosystem services, urban planning, and green infrastructure. The most studied regulating ecosystem services within reviewed publications are regulation of chemical composition of atmosphere and oceans, regulation of temperature and humidity, including ventilation and transpiration, and hydrological cycle and water flow regulation (including flood control, and coastal protection). Although urban planningrelated papers are only 1/3 of the pool of papers, appropriate results have been obtained for assessing the urban planning-regulating ecosystem services relation. The review also identified some significant knowledge gaps that can be used as a starting point for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Canada : Public participation process begins for renewal of the air quality approval for Irving Pulp and Paper Reversing Falls Mill
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Air quality ,Air pollution ,Business, international - Abstract
The provincial government is starting the 180-day public participation process for the renewal of the Class 1 Air Quality Approval to Operate for the Irving Pulp and Paper Reversing Falls [...]
- Published
- 2021
15. GBAC PUBLISHES PEER-REVIEWED PAPER ON AIR QUALITY IN NON-HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
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Air quality ,Air pollution ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Lincolnwood, IL -- The following information was released by ISSA--The Worldwide Cleaning Industry Association: The Global Biorisk Advisory Council⢠(GBAC), a Division of ISSA, today announced that its first official [...]
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- 2022
16. Industrial Fire at Washington Paper Mill Worsens Air Quality in Portland.
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AIR quality ,PAPER mills ,SMOKE plumes ,WOOD chips ,FUELWOOD - Abstract
LONGVIEW, Wash. (AP) - A commercial fire fueled by wood chip piles at a paper mill in southwest Washington is worsening air quality in the Portland area. Crews must dig through wood chip piles to apply water, The Daily News reported. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
17. Statistical assessment of COVID-19 lockdowns on ambient air quality, Himachal Pradesh and learnings for implementing clean technologies: insight from industrial town, India
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Sharma, Puneet, Ghosh, Arpita, and Patra, Pradipta
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- 2023
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18. Predicting air quality trends in Malaysia's largest cities: the role of urban population dynamics and COVID-19 effects.
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Wong Ming Wong, Shian-Yang Tzeng, Hao-Fan Mo, and Wunhong Su
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CITY dwellers ,CITIES & towns ,POPULATION dynamics ,AIR quality indexes ,AIR quality ,AIR quality monitoring - Abstract
This paper aims to explore the relationship between the Air Quality Index (AQI), COVID-19 incidence rates, and population density within Malaysia's ten most populous cities from January 2018 to December 2021. Data were sourced from the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the World Air Quality Index Project, and Our World in Statistics. The methodology integrated population-based city classification and AQI assessment, cluster analysis through SPSS, and Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) analysis using R Studio despite encountering a data gap in AQI for five months in 2019. Cities were organized into three clusters based on their AQI: Cluster One included Ipoh, Penang, Kuala Lumpur, and Melaka, Cluster Two comprised Kuantan, Seremban, Johor Bahru, and Kota Bharu, Cluster Three featured Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. GAMM analysis revealed prediction accuracies for AQI variations of 58%, 60%, and 41% for the respective clusters, indicating a notable impact of population density on air quality. AQI variations remained unaffected by COVID-19, with a forecasted improvement in air quality across all clusters. The paper presents novel insights into the negligible impact of COVID-19 on AQI variations and underscores the predictive power of population dynamics on urban air quality, offering valuable perspectives for environmental and urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Thematic and Geographical Trend in Scientific Research Applied in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants: an Overview.
- Author
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Herrera-Navarrete, Ricardo, Arellano-Wences, Hilda Janet, Colín-Cruz, Arturo, Sampedro-Rosas, María Laura, Rosas-Acevedo, José Luis, and Rodríguez-Herrera, América Libertad
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SEWAGE disposal plants ,URBAN research ,QUALITY of life ,AIR quality ,CONFERENCE papers - Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) are considered essential to protect human health and aquatic systems. However, several studies in the scientific field have identified adverse environmental effects in these treatment units that involve challenges in the water industry. Therefore, this work has the following objectives: (1) to understand the global context in which MWWTPs operate and (2) to determine the thematic and geographic trend in scientific research. Through the "Publish or Perish" software, scientific articles indexed in the Scopus and Google Scholar databases during the period 2000 to 2020 were obtained. Specific terms were used: "Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants"; "Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants," so that all terms must be contained in the title of the document. Categorization was defined according to key concepts considered as adverse effects indicated in the literature and that involve common problems in the water industry at the municipal level. As a result, 1844 documents (papers, reviews, books, book chapters, citations, letters, theses, and conference papers) were retrieved and subjected to a process of refinement (discrimination) where only articles, chapters, conference papers, and reviews were considered. Finally, 800 articles were selected for further content analysis, identifying seven categories and 30 subcategories. The category of "Emerging contaminants" was the most relevant within the research topics, and the category with the least available research was "Air quality." The articles were also analyzed by economic region, identifying Asia with the largest number of studies on various topics. In conclusion, future research should be oriented towards management, energy, and air quality issues, because they are subjects of little research involving process efficiency, energy savings, and impacts on the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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20. Session 3310 (Paper): SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS AND WELL-BEING.
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SOCIAL context ,OLDER people & the environment ,HEALTH of older people ,AIR quality ,WELL-being ,AGE factors in well-being ,DEPRESSION in women ,COMMUNITY safety - Published
- 2021
21. Modelling the relationship between population density and air quality using fractional Hausdorff grey multivariate model
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Shi, Kaihe and Wu, Lifeng
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- 2021
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22. A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Evaluation of Air Quality and Thermo-Hygrometric Conditions for the Conservation of Heritage Manuscripts and Printed Materials in Historic Buildings: A Case Study of the Sala del Dottorato of the University of Perugia as a Model for Heritage Preservation and Occupants' Comfort
- Author
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Moretti, Elisa, Sciurpi, Fabio, Proietti, Maria Giulia, and Fiore, Monica
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HISTORIC buildings ,PRESERVATION of manuscripts ,THERMAL comfort ,PRINT materials ,AIR quality ,AIR quality monitoring ,REAL-time control - Abstract
The Sala del Dottorato (Hall of Graduates) is a magnificent library in the University of Perugia which plays the double role of providing optimal conservation of valuable books and manuscripts while also hosting important events. This double role is closely connected to contrasting indoor microclimatic conditions. This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary study, begun in 2019, which investigates optimal conditions for the conservation of volumes by monitoring thermo-hygrometric and air quality parameters. The study describes the current conditions of the Hall (in terms of air temperature, relative humidity and concentration of CO
2 ), highlighting critical aspects, defining strategies for their mitigation and control, and outlining future developments. Improvement measures relate to the installation of a permanent monitoring system with alarm settings and data storage, technical interventions on the windows, and the restoration of several volumes. The paper shows the importance of monitoring as an instrument of control in real time and provides guidelines for management to be implemented according to indoor microclimatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. ‘Unhealthy’ Air Quality in Portland Caused by an Industrial Fire, Experts Say
- Author
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Carballo, Rebecca
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Paper industry ,Paper mills ,Air quality ,Air quality indexes ,Air pollution ,Wildfires ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Though some Air Quality Index spikes have been caused by wildfires, this time it was a fire at a paper mill in Washington. Some counties are under an air pollution [...]
- Published
- 2023
24. Digital and Social Media Marketing: RIDE TO ESCAPE THE SMOG: THE IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON BIKE-SHARING BEHAVIOR.
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Xiaoyu Deng and Qianmin Sun
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BICYCLE sharing programs ,AIR pollution ,CONSUMER behavior ,DECISION making ,MARKETING strategy - Abstract
The article focuses on the impact of air pollution on bike-sharing behavior. It explores how air pollution influences consumers' decisions to use bike-sharing services. Topics include the relationship between air pollution and bike-sharing usage, the moderation effect of time, geography, and demographics, and the managerial implications for bike-sharing companies in optimizing market strategies based on air quality.
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- 2023
25. Studies from Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf Update Current Data on Public Health (The Berlin-Brandenburg Air Study-A Methodological Study Paper of a Natural Experiment Investigating Health Effects Related to Changes in Airport-Related...).
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PUBLIC health ,CHILDREN'S health ,AIR quality ,SCHOOL children - Abstract
A new report discusses research findings on public health from the Berlin-Brandenburg Air Study (BEAR-study). The study examines the impact of air quality on the health of schoolchildren before and after the relocation of aircraft traffic from Tegel airport to the new Berlin-Brandenburg airport. The study analyzes the association between ultrafine particles (UFP) from aircraft and respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive outcomes in schoolchildren. The research aims to increase understanding of how UFP affects children's health. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
26. Electricity consumption optimization of power users driven by a dynamic electric carbon factor.
- Author
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Yang, Yuyao, Pan, Feng, Li, Jinli, Ji, Yilin, Zhong, Lihua, Zhang, Jun, Jiang, Changxu, and Chen, Yixuan
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ELECTRIC power consumption ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,ENERGY conservation ,CARBON emissions ,USER experience ,AIR quality ,INTERIOR-point methods - Abstract
In light of the escalating concerns surrounding climate change and air quality degradation, the imperative for energy conservation and emission reduction has garnered widespread attention. Given that factories represent a significant portion of electricity consumption within the power network, a comprehensive analysis of the electricity consumption behavior of energy- intensive enterprises becomes paramount. To meticulously dissect the electricity consumption patterns of energy-intensive enterprises, this paper categorizes them into four distinct production modes: 24-hour all-day production factories, pure daytime production factories, pure nighttime production factories, and environmentally friendly peaking production factories. Employing the dynamic electricity-carbon factor as a guiding force, the analysis encompasses electricity consumption, tariff expenditure, peaking costs, carbon emissions, and comfort levels associated with each production method throughout the year. A delicate equilibrium is sought among multiple objectives, aiming to optimize the user experience while simultaneously mitigating costs and carbon emissions. Furthermore, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of each objective, employing single-objective genetic algorithms and the interior point method. The resultant findings serve as invaluable insights for business users, aiding in informed decision- making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The positive impact of the Omicron pandemic lockdown on air quality and human health in cities around Shanghai.
- Author
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Wang, Yu and Ge, Qingqing
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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ,STAY-at-home orders ,URBAN health ,AIR quality ,AIR pollutants ,CITIES & towns ,U.S. dollar - Abstract
The Omicron pandemic broke out in Shanghai in March 2022, and some infected people spread to some cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. To achieve the dynamic zero-COVID target as soon as possible, Shanghai and nine cities that were heavily affected by Shanghai implemented the lockdown measures. This paper aims to quantify the impact of the lockdown on air quality and human health. A difference-in-difference (DID) model was first used to measure the impact of the lockdown on air quality in these ten cities. Based on the results of the DID model, we estimated the PM
2.5 -related health and economic benefits using the concentration–response function and the value of statistical life method. Results showed that the lockdown has reduced the concentrations of PM2.5 , PM10 , SO2 , NO2 , and CO by 9.87 μg/m3 , 17.31 μg/m3 , 0.75 μg/m3 , 9.03 μg/m3 , and 0.07 mg/m3 , respectively. The number of avoided premature deaths due to PM2.5 reduction was estimated to be 35,342. The resulting economic benefits totaled 18.86 billion US dollars. We investigated the reasons for the air quality improvement in these ten cities and found the "3 + 11" policy has had a great impact on air quality. Compared with the first COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020, the effect of the lockdown in 2022 was smaller. These findings demonstrated that reductions in anthropogenic emissions would achieve substantial air quality improvement and health benefits. This paper re-emphasized continuous efforts to improve air quality are essential to protect public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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28. Do subjective well-being influence people's willingness to pay for improved air quality: evidence from China.
- Author
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Wang, Juan and Li, Yongbo
- Subjects
WILLINGNESS to pay ,SUBJECTIVE well-being (Psychology) ,AIR quality ,SOCIAL interaction ,AIR pollution ,WELL-being ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Air pollution poses a great danger to human health and economic development, and understanding people's willingness to pay for improved air quality (WTPA) impacts environmental protection. This paper investigates WTPA based on the perspective of subjective well-being (SWB) and analyzes the mediating role of social interaction on the relationship between the two. This paper distinguishes social interactions into online and offline interactions and analyzes whether the mediating effect of the two different interactions on SWB and WTPA exists separately. Using data from the 2018 China General Social Survey (CGSS), we find that SWB has a significant positive effect on WTPA, individuals with higher well-being have higher pro-environmental willingness; there is no age, education level, sex of the person, or regional heterogeneity in the effect of SWB on WTPA; offline social interactions play a partially mediating role between SWB and WTPA, while online social interactions failed to mediate between the two. This paper's policy implication is that improving residents' subjective well-being is both an important development goal and an essential way to resolve the conflict between economic development and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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29. A Novel Approach towards Assessing the Impact of Air Quality and Major Public Health Emergencies on Light Industry: A Multiscale Investigation towards Improving the Risk Prevention System.
- Author
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Su, Fang, Song, Nini, Shang, Haiyang, and Fahad, Shah
- Subjects
INDOOR air quality ,INDOOR air pollution ,LIGHTING ,AIR quality ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Measuring the systemic impact of major public health emergencies on the light industry and preventing various uncertain future external risks have become the key challenges to ensuring the stability of the light industry. This paper takes the occurrence of major public health emergencies as the background and focuses on environmental issues such as air pollution and indoor air quality degradation during emergencies. And to explore the multiscale impact of major public health emergencies on the light industry, typical light industry subsectors, and light industry enterprises. The findings of our study reveal that major public health emergencies have a negative impact on the light industry, particularly in the form of a short-term decline in exports, which tends to converge in the long run. Further, it is also revealed that there is heterogeneity in the impact on environmentally sensitive industries, labor-intensive industries, and others. At the microfirm level, major public health emergencies have shown a negative effect, especially the recent pandemic, which has a longer duration and a wider reach. Through multiscale research, this paper provides policy suggestions to improve the macrogovernance mechanism and risk prevention system for the light industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Low‐cost air quality monitoring networks for long‐term field campaigns: A review.
- Author
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Carotenuto, F., Bisignano, A., Brilli, L., Gualtieri, G., and Giovannini, L.
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AIR quality monitoring ,AIR quality ,AIR pollution ,AIR conditioning ,OPEN scholarship - Abstract
The application of low‐cost air quality monitoring networks has substantially grown over the last few years, following the technological advances in the production of cheap and portable air pollution sensors, thus potentially greatly increasing the limited spatial information on air quality conditions provided by traditional stations. However, the use of low‐cost air quality sensors still presents many limitations, mostly related to the reliability of their measurements. Despite the increasing number of papers focusing on these issues, some of the challenges connected to the use of low‐cost air quality sensors are still poorly investigated and understood, considering in particular those related to long‐term applications of low‐cost air quality networks and their integration within the reference air quality monitoring system. The present review aims at filling this gap, by analysing the characteristics of low‐cost air quality monitoring networks that were run across long‐term field campaigns, including their geographical location, the pollutants monitored, the type and number of stations employed, and the length of the field campaign, with a particular attention on assessing the aims for their deployment and on the evaluation of their integration within official air quality monitoring networks. Moreover, a critical analysis of the most insightful suggestions and recommendations delivered in the literature, as well as of the relevant critical issues, is presented, highlighting still open research areas and outlining future challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Studying the Regional Transmission of Air Pollution Based on Spatiotemporal Multivariable Data.
- Author
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Lu, Xi, Xue, Yong, He, Botao, Jiang, Xingxing, Wu, Shuhui, and Wang, Xiangkai
- Subjects
AIR pollution control ,AIR pollution ,AIR pollution monitoring ,AIR pollution prevention ,URBAN pollution ,AIR quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Imported air pollution has a significant impact on urban air quality. Relevant studies have shown that many urban air pollution events are not resourced by local emissions but are imported by air pollution from surrounding areas transported across regions. The prevention and control of air pollution is very necessary. However, the existing supervision of urban air quality mostly relies on ground monitoring stations, which are extremely limited in time and space, and cannot satisfy continuous time-space air pollution research. Therefore, aiming at the problem of urban air pollution control, this paper used MERRA-2 reanalysis data and ground monitoring data to establish a "Time-Longitude-Latitude" three-dimensional pollution curve, and then a genetic algorithm was used to optimize its fitting. This study finally reconstructed the imported air pollution transmission route. This paper takes an air pollution event that occurred in Xuzhou City, China, on 12 January 2020, as an example. Through the analysis of aerosol optical depth (AOD), particulate matter (PM), wind speed, and other factors, we found the source, transmission route, and impact time of this pollution. We have verified the correctness and accuracy of the reconstructed contamination transport paths. It is proved that the method is universal and it can quickly and accurately restore the air pollution transmission route and identify the urban imported air pollution transmission entrance. This method will also provide strong data support for the division of responsibilities of environmental protection departments in various regions for severe air pollution transmission events and provide effective governance ideas for the prevention and control of imported air pollution in recipient cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A new decomposition-integrated air quality index prediction model.
- Author
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Sun, Xiaolei, Tian, Zhongda, and Zhang, Zhijia
- Subjects
AIR quality indexes ,PREDICTION models ,HILBERT-Huang transform ,AIR quality ,AIR pollution ,TIME series analysis - Abstract
Air quality has a significant impact on human health, in order to alleviate the air pollution and improve the ability to predict the air quality. In this paper, a prediction model of air quality index composed of variational mode decomposition and temporal convolutional network was proposed. First, in order to reduce the non-stationarity and randomness of the time series, the original air quality index sequence was decomposed by variational mode decomposition, and the decomposition number was determined by the central frequency method to decompose into multiple relatively stable sub-sequences with different frequency scales. Then, the decomposed sub-stable sequence was predicted by the time convolutional network. Finally, the prediction data were integrated and reconstructed to obtain the final prediction results. Comparing the results of other forecasting models by performance evaluation metrics, the combined forecasting model proposed in this paper reduced RMSE by 20.9%, 19.2%, 5.1%, 29.9%, 23.7% on the Beijing dataset. MAPE reduced by 26.6%, 22.3%, 19.5%, 28.9%, 15.0%, respectively. MAE decreased by 19.1%, 20.6%, 9.6%, 29.5%, 23.5%. R
2 increased by 4.6%, 4.0%, 0.8%, 14.9%, 5.5% respectively. This proves the accuracy and reliability of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Machine learning algorithms to forecast air quality: a survey.
- Author
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Méndez, Manuel, Merayo, Mercedes G., and Núñez, Manuel
- Subjects
MACHINE learning ,DEEP learning ,INDEPENDENT variables ,DISEASE risk factors ,SCIENCE databases - Abstract
Air pollution is a risk factor for many diseases that can lead to death. Therefore, it is important to develop forecasting mechanisms that can be used by the authorities, so that they can anticipate measures when high concentrations of certain pollutants are expected in the near future. Machine Learning models, in particular, Deep Learning models, have been widely used to forecast air quality. In this paper we present a comprehensive review of the main contributions in the field during the period 2011–2021. We have searched the main scientific publications databases and, after a careful selection, we have considered a total of 155 papers. The papers are classified in terms of geographical distribution, predicted values, predictor variables, evaluation metrics and Machine Learning model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Does rationing really backfire? A critical review of the literature on license-plate-based driving restrictions.
- Author
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Guerra, Erick, Sandweiss, Andrew, and Park, Seunglee David
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE license plates ,LITERATURE reviews ,RATIONING ,MOTOR vehicle driving ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,POLLUTION - Abstract
Policies limiting the number of days vehicles are permitted to circulate based on the last digit of their license plates have experienced a resurgence in popularity, particularly in Chinese cities. This paper provides a critical review of the literature on license-plate-based driving restrictions. Of the 235 papers reviewed, most (152) only briefly mention license-plate-based restriction programmes to describe contextual conditions or provide an example of a policy that influences driving or vehicle purchases. Reviewing forty empirical papers, we find a divided literature on whether and where license-plate-based driving restrictions reduce local pollution or congestion. Some differences in findings likely relate to differences in research design or outcome measurement. Variations in policy design, enforcement, and other local conditions also play an important role. We next review findings about the multiple legal and illegal strategies households employ in response to driving restrictions. The second- car hypothesis, which posits that restriction policies backfire and lead to increased local pollution due to households purchasing second cars with different final license-plate digits, has become particularly popular. Evidence for the hypothesis, however, is mixed. Households employ a range of other behavioural responses, such as shuffling driving trips to specific days and driving in lightly policed areas, that likely attenuate the effectiveness of license-plate-based driving restrictions. As a result, researchers and policymakers should not expect to find a 20% reduction in pollution or congestion from banning a fifth of vehicles from the road. Improving policy effectiveness will likely require policymakers to address intended and unintended behavioural responses through additional mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A Review of In-Flight Thermal Comfort and Air Quality Status in Civil Aircraft Cabin Environments.
- Author
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Wang, Shanran, Cao, Xiaodong, Miao, Dan, Pang, Liping, and Li, Jiayu
- Subjects
AIRCRAFT cabins ,AIRPLANE testing ,MONTE Carlo method ,ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,AIR quality ,THERMAL comfort ,FORMALDEHYDE ,AIR pollutants - Abstract
The civil aircraft cabin is enclosed and highly occupied, making it susceptible to a decline in indoor environmental quality. The environmental quality of civil aircraft cabins not only depends on objective factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and the presence of air pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO
2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3 ), particle matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) but also the subjective factors pertaining to the perceptions and health symptoms of passengers and crew. However, few studies have thoroughly examined the air quality and thermal comfort parameters that are measured during in-flight testing in airplane cabins, as well as the passengers' subjective perceptions. In order to evaluate the in-flight thermal comfort and air quality status, this study conducted a review of the recent literature to compile data on primary categories, standard limits, and distribution ranges of in-flight environmental factors within civil aircraft cabins. Following a search procedure outlined in this paper, 54 papers were selected for inclusion. Utilizing the Monte Carlo method, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) distributions under different exercise intensities and clothing thermal resistance were measured with the in-cabin temperature and humidity from in-flight tests. Recommendations based on first-hand data were made to maintain the relative humidity in the cabin below 40%, ensure wind speed remains within the range of 0–1 m/s, and regulate the temperature between 25–27 °C (for summer) and 22–27 °C (for winter). The current estimated cabin air supply rate generally complies with the requirements of international standards. Additionally, potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with formaldehyde, benzene, tetrachloroethylene, and naphthalene were calculated. The sorted data of in-flight tests and the evaluation of the subjective perception of the occupants provide an evaluation of current cabin thermal comfort and air quality status, which can serve as a reference for optimizing indoor environmental quality in future generations of civil aircraft cabins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
36. Enhanced Air Quality Prediction Using a Coupled DVMD Informer-CNN-LSTM Model Optimized with Dung Beetle Algorithm.
- Author
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Wu, Yang, Qian, Chonghui, and Huang, Hengjun
- Subjects
DUNG beetles ,AIR quality indexes ,AIR quality ,OPTIMIZATION algorithms ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Accurate prediction of air quality is crucial for assessing the state of the atmospheric environment, especially considering the nonlinearity, volatility, and abrupt changes in air quality data. This paper introduces an air quality index (AQI) prediction model based on the Dung Beetle Algorithm (DBO) aimed at overcoming limitations in traditional prediction models, such as inadequate access to data features, challenges in parameter setting, and accuracy constraints. The proposed model optimizes the parameters of Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and integrates the Informer adaptive sequential prediction model with the Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM). Initially, the correlation coefficient method is utilized to identify key impact features from multivariate weather and meteorological data. Subsequently, penalty factors and the number of variational modes in the VMD are optimized using DBO. The optimized parameters are utilized to develop a variationally constrained model to decompose the air quality sequence. The data are categorized based on approximate entropy, and high-frequency data are fed into the Informer model, while low-frequency data are fed into the CNN-LSTM model. The predicted values of the subsystems are then combined and reconstructed to obtain the AQI prediction results. Evaluation using actual monitoring data from Beijing demonstrates that the proposed coupling prediction model of the air quality index in this paper is superior to other parameter optimization models. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) decreases by 13.59%, the Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) decreases by 7.04%, and the R-square (R
2 ) increases by 1.39%. This model surpasses 11 other models in terms of lower error rates and enhances prediction accuracy. Compared with the mainstream swarm intelligence optimization algorithm, DBO, as an optimization algorithm, demonstrates higher computational efficiency and is closer to the actual value. The proposed coupling model provides a new method for air quality index prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A lightweight NO2-to-NOx conversion model for quantifying NOx emissions of point sources from NO2 satellite observations.
- Author
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Meier, Sandro, Koene, Erik F. M., Krol, Maarten, Brunner, Dominik, Damm, Alexander, and Kuhlmann, Gerrit
- Subjects
NITROGEN oxides ,AIR pollutants ,CARBON emissions ,TRACE gases ,AIR quality ,EXPONENTIAL functions ,POWER plants - Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) are air pollutants which are co-emitted with CO2 during high-temperature combustion processes. Monitoring NOx emissions is crucial for assessing air quality and for providing proxy estimates of CO2 emissions. Satellite observations, such as those from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5P satellite, provide global coverage at high temporal resolution. However, satellites measure only NO2 , necessitating a conversion to NOx. Previous studies have applied a constant NO2 -to- NOx conversion factor. In this paper, we develop a more realistic model for NO2 -to- NOx conversion and apply it to TROPOMI data of 2020 and 2021. To achieve this, we analysed plume-resolving simulations from the MicroHH large-eddy simulation model with chemistry for the Bełchatów (PL), Jänschwalde (DE), Matimba (ZA) and Medupi (ZA) power plants, as well as a metallurgical plant in Lipetsk (RU). We used the cross-sectional flux method to calculate NO , NO2 and NOx line densities from simulated NO and NO2 columns and derived NO2 -to- NOx conversion factors as a function of the time since emission. Since the method of converting NO2 to NOx presented in this paper assumes steady-state conditions and that the conversion factors can be modelled by a negative exponential function, we validated the conversion factors using the same MicroHH data. Finally, we applied the derived conversion factors to TROPOMI NO2 observations of the same sources. The validation of the NO2 -to- NOx conversion factors shows that they can account for the NOx chemistry in plumes, in particular for the conversion between NO and NO2 near the source and for the chemical loss of NOx further downstream. When applying these time-since-emission-dependent conversion factors, biases in NOx emissions estimated from TROPOMI NO2 images are greatly reduced from between - 50 % and - 42 % to between only - 9.5 % and - 0.5 % in comparison with reported emissions. Single-overpass estimates can be quantified with an uncertainty of 20 %–27 %, while annual NOx emission estimates have uncertainties in the range of 4 %–21 % but are highly dependent on the number of successful retrievals. Although more simulations covering a wider range of meteorological and trace gas background conditions will be needed to generalise the approach, this study marks an important step towards a consistent, uniform, high-resolution and near-real-time estimation of NOx emissions – especially with regard to upcoming NO2 -monitoring satellites such as Sentinel-4, Sentinel-5 and CO2M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Low-Cost IoT Air Quality Monitoring Station Using Cloud Platform and Blockchain Technology.
- Author
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Hassan, Ahmed K., Saraya, Mohamed S., Ali-Eldin, Amr M. T., and Abdelsalam, Mohamed M.
- Subjects
AIR quality monitoring stations ,BLOCKCHAINS ,CLOUD computing ,AIR pollution monitoring ,AIR quality monitoring ,AIR quality ,INTERNET of things - Abstract
Air pollution is a growing concern due to severe threats to public health and the environment. The need for reliable air quality monitoring solutions has never been more critical. This research paper introduces an innovative approach to addressing this challenge by deploying a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) air monitoring station and providing a blockchain technology solution to enhance environmental data transparency, reliability, and accessibility. Our paper adopts a concept of merging IoT and blockchain technologies and collecting some parameters that help to assess air quality by using three sensors, DHT11, MQ7, and MQ135, to collect temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide parameters, respectively, to measure the gases and thus indicate the air quality within the surrounding area. Collecting and sharing these types of valuable data will be very important for various stakeholders, such as governmental bodies, researchers, and the public. This approach is consistent with the principles of sustainable development, facilitating informed decision-making and promoting eco-friendly policies. This research explores the technical architecture of the IoT air monitoring stations, offering a promising solution for addressing air pollution concerns while promoting sustainable development goals. The proposed system is a model for leveraging emerging technologies to advance environmental monitoring and create smarter, livable cities. This approach aligns with the principles of sustainable development and eco-friendly initiatives. This research offers a promising model for enhancing environmental monitoring efforts and advancing the creation of smarter, more sustainable urban environments. The proposed IoT, cloud platform and blockchain-based system not only addresses pressing air pollution challenges but also sets a benchmark for leveraging emerging technologies in environmental science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Evaluation of Air Pollution Levels in Agricultural Settings Using Integrated Weather Variables and Air Pollutants.
- Author
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Almady, Saad S., Al-Sager, Saleh M., Al-Janobi, Abdulrahman A., Marey, Samy A., and Aboukarima, Abdulwahed M.
- Subjects
AIR pollutants ,AGRICULTURAL pollution ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,AIR pollution ,AIR quality ,WEATHER ,AGRICULTURE ,RURAL geography - Abstract
Research on the quality of the air in rural areas is essential for determining base emissions of air pollutants, evaluating the effects of dust pollutants particular to rural areas, modeling the dispersion of pollutants, and developing appropriate pollution mitigation systems. The absence of a systematic review based on the assessment of air quality levels in agricultural settings based on integrated weather variables and air pollutants in the literature draws attention to the deficiencies and the necessity of further research in this area. Hence, our study aimed to develop an Arduino monitoring system with related sensors to acquire some air pollutants and weather parameters. Additionally, we proposed an innovative solution to compare air quality levels by suggesting a new criterion called an integrated indicator for air quality assessment (IAQA). It was created based on the weighted average method to combine the investigated air pollutants and weather parameters. This criterion was evaluated while conducting field measurements in 29 environmentally different agricultural regions located within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To determine the integrated indicator, all the values of the variables were normalized between 0 and 1. The agricultural setting with the lowest integrated indicator was the best environmentally. The lowest and highest values of the integrated indicator ranged from 37.03% and 66.32%, respectively, with an arithmetic average of 48.24%. The developed criterion can change its value depending on the change in the weight value of the variables involved, and it is suitable for application to any other agricultural or non-agricultural setting to evaluate the pollution level in the air. Although similar research has been published, this paper presents novelty findings based on integrated values of air pollutants and weather variables for defining a new criterion called IAQA. Additionally, this paper presents original results for air pollutants and weather aspects in different agricultural settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Experimental Dust Absorption Study in Automotive Engine Inlet Air Filter Materials.
- Author
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Dziubak, Tadeusz
- Subjects
AIR filters ,DUST ,INTERNAL combustion engines ,MATERIALS testing ,ABSORPTION coefficients ,AIR quality - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to empirically evaluate the performance of fibrous materials that meet the criteria for inlet air filtration in internal combustion engines. The characteristics of filtration efficiency and accuracy, as well as the characteristics of flow resistance, were determined based on the mass of dust accumulated in the filter bed during the filtration process. Single-layer filter materials tested included cellulose, polyester, and glass microfiber. Multilayer filter media such as cellulose–polyester–nanofibers and cellulose–polyester were also examined. A new composite filter bed—consisting of polyester, glass microfiber, and cellulose—and its filtration characteristics were evaluated. Utilizing specific air filtration quality factors, it was demonstrated that the composite is characterized by high pre-filtration efficiency (99.98%), a short pre-filtration period (q
s = 4.21%), high accuracy (dpmax = 1.5–3 µm) for the entire lifespan of the filter, and a 60–250% higher dust absorption coefficient compared to the other tested materials. A filtration composite bed constructed from a group of materials with different filtration parameters can be, due to its high filtration efficiency, accuracy, and dust absorption, an excellent filter material for engine intake air. The composite's filtration parameters will depend on the type of filter layers and their order relative to the aerosol flow. This paper presents a methodology for the selection and testing of various filter materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Air pollution modeling to support strategic environmental assessment: case study—National Emission Reduction Plan for coal-fired thermal power plants in Serbia.
- Author
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Josimović, Boško, Todorović, Dušan, Jovović, Aleksandar, and Manić, Božidar
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,COAL-fired power plants ,RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) ,THERMAL coal ,POWER plants ,AIR quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,DECISION making - Abstract
The paper presents a specific method of environmental impact assessment applied in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the National Emission Reduction Plan (NERP) in the Republic of Serbia, based on air quality. The specificity of the approach is in the application of a semiquantitative method of multicriteria evaluation based on air dispersion modeling and the integration of SEA goals, indicators and criteria for assessing the impact of the NERP on the quality of air and other environmental elements in this method. When predicting changes in air quality for the planning horizon to 2028, the physical, geographical and climatic characteristics of the area were taken into account, as well as technical measures to reduce SO
2 emissions, since this was the dominant pollutant from the Serbian coal-fired power plants studied by the NERP. Air pollution modeling was carried out using the AERMOD software package based on the data collected, and the quantitative results obtained were used in a multicriteria evaluation as part of the SEA. The results of the research indicated the importance of applying this approach in order to significantly increase objectivity in the SEA process, since it is an important element of decision making at the strategic level. In addition, a comparative presentation of the modeling results before and after application of the NERP was an important part of the SEA process, and it provided a clear insight into expected changes in the air quality. This is a key argument for making appropriate policy decisions on spatial, energy, environmental and socio-economic development in the Republic of Serbia, which, like other developing countries, is sluggishly following global trends in energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Visualising Daily PM10 Pollution in an Open-Cut Mining Valley of New South Wales, Australia—Part II: Classification of Synoptic Circulation Types and Local Meteorological Patterns and Their Relation to Elevated Air Pollution in Spring and Summer.
- Author
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Jiang, Ningbo, Riley, Matthew L., Azzi, Merched, Di Virgilio, Giovanni, Duc, Hiep Nguyen, and Puppala, Praveen
- Subjects
STRIP mining ,SPRING ,AIR pollution ,POLLUTION ,AIR quality ,COAL mining - Abstract
The Upper Hunter Valley is a major coal mining area in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Due to the ongoing increase in mining activities, PM10 (air-borne particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometres) pollution has become a major air quality concern in local communities. The present study was initiated to quantitatively examine the spatial and temporal variability of PM10 pollution in the region. An earlier paper of this study identified two air quality subregions in the valley. This paper aims to provide a holistic summarisation of the relationships between elevated PM10 pollution in two subregions and the local- and synoptic-scale meteorological conditions for spring and summer, when PM10 pollution is relatively high. A catalogue of twelve synoptic types and a set of six local meteorological patterns were quantitatively derived and linked to each other using the self-organising map (SOM) technique. The complex meteorology–air pollution relationships were visualised and interpreted on the SOM planes for two representative locations. It was found that the influence of local meteorological patterns differed significantly for mean PM10 levels vs. the occurrence of elevated pollution events and between air quality subregions. In contrast, synoptic types showed generally similar relationships with mean vs. elevated PM10 pollution in the valley. Two local meteorological patterns, the hot–dry–northwesterly wind conditions and the hot–dry–calm conditions, were found to be the most PM10 pollution conducive in the valley when combined with a set of synoptic counterparts. These synoptic types are featured with the influence of an eastward migrating continental high-pressure system and westerly troughs, or a ridge extending northwest towards coastal northern NSW or southern Queensland from the Tasman Sea. The method and results can be used in air quality research for other locations of NSW, or similar regions elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Trends, Topics, Leaders, Influential Studies, and Future Challenges of Machine Learning Studies in the Rail Industry.
- Author
-
Yong, Gunwoo and Lee, Ghang
- Subjects
RAILROADS ,MACHINE learning ,DEEP learning ,ROLLING stock ,RAILROAD tunnels ,AIR quality ,TUNNELS ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
This study reviewed the status quo of research on machine learning (ML), including deep learning, in the rail industry. This study conducted a scientometric analysis and critical review of 640 papers selected from 12,675 web-crawled papers. The extensive and complex networks of topics, researchers, and countries were analyzed using the Louvain method, a co-occurrence keyword analysis, a degree centrality analysis, and other network analysis methods. The results indicate that the majority of studies of ML in the rail industry focused on maintenance activities and traffic management, and mainly targeted rolling stock, rails, and passengers. Overhead contact systems, including catenaries, are a high-demand objective for ML-based maintenance. Although analyses of tunnels and stations remain rare, passenger flow prediction, station air quality estimation, shield tunneling performance improvement, and ground settlement are areas of high importance. Geographically, China, the US, and the United Kingdom lead ML studies in the rail industry, and the level of collaboration is higher among European countries than among countries on other continents. Future challenges include ensuring the security and stability of ML, along with considering novel mindsets, the black-box effect, improvements in ML techniques, and resource overload when introducing ML technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Evaluating Methods That Calculate Aircraft Emission Impacts on Air Quality: A Systematic Literature Review.
- Author
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Dissanayaka, Manori, Ryley, Tim, Spasojevic, Bojana, and Caldera, Savindi
- Abstract
Aircraft operations from above ground level to 3000 feet impact air quality and cause health issues, particularly for people working and living in and around airports. This paper evaluates the current emission calculation methods to identify the most accurate way to generate an emission inventory. Journal articles on aircraft influence on air quality were selected for a systematic literature review (SLR). After screening 277 articles written in English, 60 articles on emission calculation methods were included in the analysis. Based on the analysis, air quality can be more accurately assessed when considering direct emissions from an aircraft than when measuring atmospheric pollutant concentrations. While the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) advanced approach was the most widely used from the literature reviewed, airport-specific, time-in-mode, and actual atmospheric conditions where aircraft operate offer the potential for significant improvement. The SLR demonstrates a need for more accurate emission calculation methods to assess the aircraft's influence on air quality. The SLR guides airlines and airports to maintain an accurate emission inventory, which will set future targets to improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. How does the fiscal pressure of local governments affect China's PM2.5 emissions?
- Author
-
Xu, Shengyan, Zhou, Yuqin, and Sun, Wanchen
- Subjects
LOCAL government ,GENERALIZED method of moments ,GAMMA ray bursts ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,AIR quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL regulations - Abstract
Affected by the epidemic and other factors, the global economy is in a downturn, and countries around the world are under unprecedented debt pressure. How will this affect environmental protection? Taking China as an example, this paper empirically studies the impact of changes in local government behavior on urban air quality under fiscal pressure. This paper uses the generalized method of moments (GMM) to find that fiscal pressure has significantly reduced PM2.5 emissions, with a unit increase in fiscal pressure will increase PM2.5 by about 2%. The mechanism verification shows that three channels affect PM2.5 emissions: (1) fiscal pressure has prompted local governments to relax the supervision of existing pollution-intensive enterprises. (2) Local governments reduce environmental regulations for attracting more pollution-intensive enterprises. (3) Local governments tend to reduce environmental protection investment to save fiscal expenses. The paper's conclusions provide new policy ideas for promoting environmental protection in China, as well as served as a case for analyzing current changes in environmental protection in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature.
- Author
-
Glenn, Bailey E., Espira, Leon M., Larson, Miles C., and Larson, Peter S.
- Subjects
AIR pollutants ,AIR pollution ,CHRONIC obstructive pulmonary disease ,PARTICULATE matter ,CHRONIC bronchitis ,AIR quality - Abstract
Introduction: Aerosol pollutants are known to raise the risk of development of non-communicable respiratory diseases (NCRDs) such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis. Sub-Saharan Africa's rapid pace of urbanization, economic expansion, and population growth raise concerns of increasing incidence of NCRDs. This research characterizes the state of research on pollution and NCRDs in the 46 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This research systematically reviewed the literature on studies of asthma; chronic bronchitis; allergic rhinitis; and air pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, NOx, and sulfuric oxide.Methods: We searched three major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) using the key words "asthma", "chronic bronchitis", "allergic rhinitis", and "COPD" with "carbon monoxide (CO)", "sulfuric oxide (SO)", "ozone (O3)", "nitrogen dioxide (NO2)", and "particulate matter (PM)", restricting the search to the 46 countries that comprise SSA. Only papers published in scholarly journals with a defined health outcome in individuals and which tested associations with explicitly measured or modelled air exposures were considered for inclusion. All candidate papers were entered into a database for review.Results: We found a total of 362 unique research papers in the initial search of the three databases. Among these, 14 met the inclusion criteria. These papers comprised studies from just five countries. Nine papers were from South Africa; two from Malawi; and one each from Ghana, Namibia, and Nigeria. Most studies were cross-sectional. Exposures to ambient air pollutants were measured using spectrometry and chromatography. Some studies created composite measures of air pollution using a range of data layers. NCRD outcomes were measured by self-reported health status and measures of lung function (spirometry). Populations of interest were primarily schoolchildren, though a few studies focused on secondary school students and adults.Conclusions: The paucity of research on NCRDs and ambient air pollutant exposures is pronounced within the African continent. While capacity to measure air quality in SSA is high, studies targeting NCRDs should work to draw attention to questions of outdoor air pollution and health. As the climate changes and SSA economies expand and countries urbanize, these questions will become increasingly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. SHEDDING LIGHT ON AIR QUALITY THROUGH MACHINE LEARNING.
- Author
-
Kozyniak, Kathleen
- Subjects
AIR quality ,MACHINE learning ,SCIENCE journalism - Abstract
This article discusses the use of machine learning to analyze air quality in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand. The Hawke's Bay Regional Council is responsible for managing air quality in the region and aims to meet national and international air quality standards. The article focuses on the Awatoto airshed, where monitoring of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) has been conducted. The study found that wind direction, average wave height, mean wave direction, and air temperature were the most influential factors in predicting PM10 concentrations. The machine learning approach provided better predictions compared to a linear model, but further research is needed to fully explain the variance in PM10 measurements. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
48. PORT TOWNSEND MILL FINED $56,250 FOR AIR QUALITY VIOLATION
- Subjects
Port Townsend Paper Corp. ,Air quality ,Packaging industry ,Air pollution ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
PORT TOWNSEND -- The following information was released by the Washington State Department of Ecology: The Washington Department of Ecology has fined Port Townsend Paper Corporation (PTPC) $56,250 for exceeding [...]
- Published
- 2022
49. How air pollution affects corporate total factor productivity?
- Author
-
Yang, Jialiang and Yin, Wen
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL productivity ,AIR pollution potential ,AIR pollution ,MARKET sentiment ,AIR quality ,POLICY discourse - Abstract
To explore the relationship between air pollution and total factor productivity and new pathways, This paper examines the impact of air pollution on total factor productivity of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen between 2015 and 2019. It investigates this relationship by considering two pathways: investor sentiment and government attention. The findings indicate that air pollution suppresses total factor productivity of firms. However, air pollution stimulates investor sentiment, which in turn increases R&D investment and total factor productivity, reducing to some extent the dampening effect of air pollution on total factor productivity. There exists a notable positive correlation between air quality and government attention, acting as a mediating variable. This implies that air pollution has the potential to capture the attention of governmental entities, leading to the implementation of appropriate measures aimed at managing and mitigating the occurrence of air pollution caused by industrial enterprises.And the relevant governments should formulate a series of policies to meet the different needs of different enterprises. These two approaches have varying impacts depending on the type of enterprises, thus governments should develop laws to cater to the various demands of different types of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. THE FIRST TEST OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN KINDERGARTENS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA.
- Author
-
ANTUNOVIĆ, Biljana, JANKOVIĆ, Aleksandar, GAJIĆ, Darija, ANTOVIĆ, Nevenka, RAŠOVIĆ, Jelena, ĆURGUZ, Zoran, and POPOVIĆ, Milan
- Subjects
INDOOR air quality ,NATURAL ventilation ,KINDERGARTEN facilities ,KINDERGARTEN ,NATURAL numbers ,AIR quality - Abstract
The first experimental results of the indoor air quality in two kindergartens located in the Republic of Srpska are presented in this paper. Kindergarten representatives for the year of construction (old and new), building materials, and energy efficiency have been chosen. Indoor air quality measurements (air temperature, relative humidity, ventilation rate, CO
2 , and radon concentration) were performed during the winter of 2015/2016. Measured indoor air quality parameters are discussed and compared to the international standards BAS EN 16798-1, ASHRAE 62.1, and ISO 7730. The average measured radon concentrations for both buildings have not exceeded the level of 200 Bq/m³, but for reliable results, long-term measurement needs to be performed. The CO2 concentration in the old kindergarten fulfills the BAS EN 16798-1 requirement for Category I during 62.43% of total occupancy time, while for the new kindergarten, it is only 5.79% of full occupancy time. Results of CO2 concentration confirm that good sealing of the envelope of new buildings and user behavior (number of users and natural ventilation) does affect air quality. Furthermore, a high correlation between CO2 concentration and relative humidity in both buildings and a more considerable correlation for the new building have been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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