561 results
Search Results
2. Multiscale topology classifies cells in subcellular spatial transcriptomics.
- Author
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Benjamin K, Bhandari A, Kepple JD, Qi R, Shang Z, Xing Y, An Y, Zhang N, Hou Y, Crockford TL, McCallion O, Issa F, Hester J, Tillmann U, Harrington HA, and Bull KR
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Humans, Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Lupus Nephritis genetics, Lupus Nephritis immunology, Lupus Nephritis metabolism, Lupus Nephritis pathology, Reproducibility of Results, Cells classification, Cells metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling methods, Kidney cytology, Kidney immunology, Kidney metabolism, Kidney pathology, Transcriptome, Intracellular Space genetics, Intracellular Space metabolism
- Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics measures in situ gene expression at millions of locations within a tissue
1 , hitherto with some trade-off between transcriptome depth, spatial resolution and sample size2 . Although integration of image-based segmentation has enabled impactful work in this context, it is limited by imaging quality and tissue heterogeneity. By contrast, recent array-based technologies offer the ability to measure the entire transcriptome at subcellular resolution across large samples3-6 . Presently, there exist no approaches for cell type identification that directly leverage this information to annotate individual cells. Here we propose a multiscale approach to automatically classify cell types at this subcellular level, using both transcriptomic information and spatial context. We showcase this on both targeted and whole-transcriptome spatial platforms, improving cell classification and morphology for human kidney tissue and pinpointing individual sparsely distributed renal mouse immune cells without reliance on image data. By integrating these predictions into a topological pipeline based on multiparameter persistent homology7-9 , we identify cell spatial relationships characteristic of a mouse model of lupus nephritis, which we validate experimentally by immunofluorescence. The proposed framework readily generalizes to new platforms, providing a comprehensive pipeline bridging different levels of biological organization from genes through to tissues., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Scientists linked to Wuhan lab accused of performing dangerous experiments that could cause leak; A team from the University of North Carolina published a paper detailing how they had synthesised a Mers-like bat virus
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Scientists ,Cells ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary ,University of North Carolina - Abstract
Byline: Sarah Knapton, Science Editor Scientists linked to Wuhan bat researchers have been accused of performing dangerous experiments on a Mers-like virus that could spark a pandemic. A team from [...]
- Published
- 2023
4. CALL FOR PAPERS: LSE SPECIAL ISSUE ON EQUITY, INCLUSION, ACCESS, AND JUSTICE IN BIOLOGY
- Subjects
Cells ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
BETHESDA, Md. -- The following information was released by the American Society for Cell Biology ( ASCB): by ASCB Post Staff To bring attention to Equity, Inclusion, Access, and Justice [...]
- Published
- 2023
5. Researchers at University of Toronto Target Tissue Engineering (A Cryopreservation Strategy for Myoblast Storage In Paper-based Scaffolds for Inter-laboratory Studies of Skeletal Muscle Health).
- Abstract
Researchers at the University of Toronto have developed a cryopreservation strategy for storing myoblasts, which are cells involved in skeletal muscle health, in paper-based scaffolds. This method allows for the transfer of engineered tissues to users without expertise in skeletal muscle cell culture. The cryopreserved myoblasts maintain cell viability, differentiation, and function, and have been successfully shipped to collaborators for use in studying muscle endogenous repair. This protocol offers broader access to a complex skeletal muscle tissue model for the research community. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
6. A cryopreservation strategy for myoblast storage in paper-based scaffolds for inter-laboratory studies of skeletal muscle health.
- Abstract
A recent preprint abstract discusses a cryopreservation strategy for storing myoblasts, which are cells involved in skeletal muscle health, in paper-based scaffolds. The goal of this research is to make it easier for the broader biology community to use three-dimensional tissue-engineered models for studying skeletal muscle pathophysiology and developing therapeutic agents. The researchers developed a protocol using commercially available reagents that allows myoblasts to be cryopreserved in a format that can be easily transferred to users without expertise in skeletal muscle cell culture. The study validates that the cryopreserved myoblasts maintain cell viability, differentiation, and function, and demonstrates successful shipping and use of the tissues by collaborators. The researchers also applied their method to study muscle endogenous repair. This research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
7. DINGELL, MOOLENAAR, PETERS, STABENOW INTRODUCE SHANDRA EISENGA HUMAN CELL AND TISSUE PRODUCT SAFETY ACT
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United States. Food and Drug Administration ,United States. Department of Health and Human Services ,Social service ,Tuberculosis -- Prevention ,Paper products industry ,Cells ,Product safety ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
WASHINGTON -- The following information was released by the office of Michigan Rep. Debbie Dingell: Representatives Debbie Dingell (MI-06) and John Moolenaar (MI-012) with Senators Gary Peters (D-MI) and Debbie [...]
- Published
- 2024
8. MOOLENAAR, PETERS, STABENOW, DINGELL INTRODUCE SHANDRA EISENGA HUMAN CELL AND TISSUE PRODUCT SAFETY ACT
- Subjects
United States. Food and Drug Administration ,Social service ,Legislators ,Tuberculosis -- Prevention ,Paper products industry ,Cells ,Product safety ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
WASHINGTON -- The following information was released by the office of Michigan Rep. John Moolenaar: Today, Congressman John Moolenaar and Senator Gary Peters (D-MI) along with Senator Debbie Stabenow (D-MI), [...]
- Published
- 2024
9. Statistical Analysis of Gastric Cancer Cells Response to Broadband Terahertz Radiation with and without Contrast Nanoparticles.
- Author
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Schreiner, Oliver Daniel, Socotar, Diana, Ciobanu, Romeo Cristian, Schreiner, Thomas Gabriel, and Tamba, Bogdan Ionel
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STOMACH tumors ,RADIOTHERAPY ,DATA analysis ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,MANN Whitney U Test ,CELL lines ,STATISTICS ,SPECTRUM analysis ,RADIATION doses ,CONTRAST media ,NANOPARTICLES ,CELLS - Abstract
Simple Summary: The paper describes the statistical analysis of the response of gastric cancer cells and normal cells to broadband terahertz radiation up to 4 THz, both with and without the use of nanostructured contrast agents. A statistical analysis was conducted towards multiple pairwise comparisons in order to identify the narrow THz frequency ranges where the contrast is enhanced and allows a clear identification of tumor cells in the presence of contrast agents. The paper describes the statistical analysis of the response of gastric cancer cells and normal cells to broadband terahertz radiation up to 4 THz, both with and without the use of nanostructured contrast agents. The THz spectroscopy analysis was comparatively performed under the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure. The statistical analysis was conducted towards multiple pairwise comparisons, including a support medium (without cells) versus a support medium with nanoparticles, normal cells versus normal cells with nanoparticles, and, respectively, tumor cells versus tumor cells with nanoparticles. When generally comparing the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure for a broader frequency domain, the differentiation between normal and tumor cells in the presence of contrast agents is superior when using the ATR procedure. THz contrast enhancement by using contrast agents derived from MRI-related contrast agents leads to only limited benefits and only for narrow THz frequency ranges, a disadvantage for THz medical imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Autopoiesis and Eigenform.
- Author
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Kauffman, Louis H.
- Subjects
AUTOPOIESIS ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,BIOLOGICAL systems ,CELLULAR automata ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems - Abstract
This paper explores a formal model of autopoiesis as presented by Maturana, Uribe and Varela, and analyzes this model and its implications through the lens of the notions of eigenforms (fixed points) and the intricacies of Goedelian coding. The paper discusses the connection between autopoiesis and eigenforms and a variety of different perspectives and examples. The paper puts forward original philosophical reflections and generalizations about its various conclusions concerning specific examples, with the aim of contributing to a unified way of understanding (formal models of) living systems within the context of natural sciences, and to see the role of such systems and the formation of information from the point of view of analogs of biological construction. To this end, we pay attention to models for fixed points, self-reference and self-replication in formal systems and in the description of biological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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11. Publication, funding, and experimental data in support of Human Reference Atlas construction and usage.
- Author
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Kong Y and Börner K
- Subjects
- Humans, Metadata, Cells
- Abstract
Experts from 18 consortia are collaborating on the Human Reference Atlas (HRA) which aims to map the 37 trillion cells in the healthy human body. Information relevant for HRA construction and usage is held by experts, published in scholarly papers, and captured in experimental data. However, these data sources use different metadata schemas and cannot be cross-searched efficiently. This paper documents the compilation of a dataset, named HRAlit, that links the 136 HRA v1.4 digital objects (31 organs with 4,279 anatomical structures, 1,210 cell types, 2,089 biomarkers) to 583,117 experts; 7,103,180 publications; 896,680 funded projects, and 1,816 experimental datasets. The resulting HRAlit has 22 tables with 20,939,937 records including 6 junction tables with 13,170,651 relationships. The HRAlit can be mined to identify leading experts, major papers, funding trends, or alignment with existing ontologies in support of systematic HRA construction and usage., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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12. A cellular strategy for enhancing the adaptability of nonlinear energy sinks to strong excitation
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Li, Sun-Biao and Ding, Hu
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- 2024
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13. Advances in modeling permeability and selectivity of the blood-brain barrier using microfluidics.
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Sun, Jindi and Song, Shang
- Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain by actively allowing the entry of ions and nutrients while limiting the passage of from toxins and pathogens. A healthy BBB has low permeability and high selectivity to maintain normal brain functions. Increased BBB permeability can result from neurological diseases and traumatic injuries. Modern engineering technologies such as microfluidics and fabrication techniques have advanced the development of BBB models to simulate the basic functions of BBB. However, the intrinsic BBB properties are difficult to replicate. Existing in vitro BBB models demonstrate inconsistent BBB permeability and selectivity due to variations in microfluidic design, cell types and arrangement, expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, and use of shear stress. Specifically, microfluidic designs have flow channels of different sizes, complexity, topology, and modular structure. Different cell types are selected to mimic various physiological conditions. These factors make it challenging to compare results obtained using different experimental setups. This paper highlights key factors that play important roles in influencing microfluidic models and discusses how these factors contribute to permeability and selectivity of the BBB models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. The free energy landscape of small-world networks of cells.
- Author
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Gentile F
- Subjects
- Cells metabolism, Energy Metabolism
- Abstract
The properties of organs, tissues, organoids, and other systems of cells, are influenced by the spatial localization and distribution of their elements. Here, we used networks to describe distributions of cells on a surface where the small-world coefficient (SW) of the networks was varied between SW~1 (random uniform distributions) and SW~10 (clustered distributions). The small-world coefficient is a topological measure of graphs: networks with SW>1 are topologically biased to transmit information. For each system configuration, we then determined the total energy U as the sum of the energies that describe cell-cell interactions - approximated by a harmonic potential. The graph of energy (U) across the configuration space of the networks (SW) is the energy landscape: it indicates which configuration a system of cells will likely assume over time. We found that, depending on the model parameters, the energy landscapes of 2D distributions of cells may be of different types: from type I to type IV. Type I and type II systems have high probability to evolve into random distributions. Type III and type IV systems have a higher probability to form clustered architectures. A great many of simulations indicated that cultures of cells with high initial density and limited sensing range could evolve into clustered configurations with enhanced topological characteristics. Moreover, the strongest the binding between cells, the greater the likelihood that they will assume configurations characterized by finite values of SW. Results of the work are relevant for those working the field of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, the formation of in-vitro-models, the analysis of neuro-degenerative diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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15. Static magnetic fields as a factor in modification of tissue and cell structure: a review.
- Author
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Saletnik, Bogdan, Puchalska-Sarna, Anna, Saletnik, Aneta, Lipa, Tomasz, Dobrzański Jr., Bohdan, and Puchalski, Czesław
- Subjects
MAGNETIC fields ,ION channels ,CELL anatomy ,MAGNETIC field effects ,PLANT plasma membranes ,CANCER cell proliferation - Abstract
This review is intended to contribute to the evidence of the effects of static magnetic field on cells and tissue, as well as to present research results that will elucidate the complex matters involved in the formation and remodeling of cells. The cell characteristics studied in the papers that are reviewed include cell viability and proliferation, aggregation and their differentiation, structure and membrane potential. A moderate static magnetic field in the most commonly used range of 2-80 mT has potential application in the formation and remodeling of plant and human cells. However, in the case of cancer cells, the range of fields commonly used was 0.2-9 T. Magnetism promotes changes in plant cell growth, which prompts the cell to proliferate, thereby ensuring an increased rate of biomass production. Some researches presented the enhancement of the differentiation of plant cells and skeletal muscle tissue by over 30% at 80 mT static magnetic field. Changes in the cell cycle and growth reflect directly on the cell number and viability and provide useful information to detect modifications in the cell machinery. Static magnetic field, depending on its intensity, enhances cell proliferation and thus may improve, among other processes, tissue regeneration, wound healing and the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Researchers showed, among other things, that cells under the influence of static magnetic field changed their shape, had a larger chloroplast, stiffer cell wall, density of the cytoskeleton and cytoplasm contained several mitochondria. Numerous studies also discussed the behavior of the cell membrane of plant and animal organisms, including humans, under the influence of an static magnetic field. The effects of static magnetic field on the cell membrane of plant and human cells were similar. The research results indicate that static magnetic fields can significantly change membrane depolarization and its potential that regulates ion movement and thus can have a significant impact on the properties and biological functionality of the cell. Studies have shown that continuous application of static magnetic field caused deformation and damage of cell membrane. Based on the theoretical analyses presented also in this review, it can be concluded that static magnetic field affects cells and tissue, giving them changes in properties and behaviors and modulates, e.g. in the activity of ion channels. Thus it may produce effects leading to changes in the functioning of the cell. It is possible to formulate directions for further research aimed at using static magnetic fields for the non-invasive remodeling and formation of plant and human cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. The Duty to Edit the Human Germline.
- Author
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Crutchfield, Parker
- Subjects
GERM cells ,GENETICS ,GENOME editing ,RNA editing ,CELLS - Abstract
Many people find the manipulation of the human germline—editing the DNA of sperm or egg cells such that these genetic changes are passed to the resulting offspring—to be morally impermissible. In this paper, I argue for the claim that editing the human germline is morally permissible. My argument starts with the claim that outcome uncertainty regarding the effects of germline editing shows that the duty to not harm cannot ground the prohibition of germline editing. Instead, if germline editing is wrong, it is wrong because it violates a duty to protect. However, we also have an epistemic duty to gather evidence regarding the effects of editing the human germline which overrides any moral duty to protect future generations. Thus, we have a duty to gather evidence regarding the effects of editing the human germline, which is to say that we have a duty to edit the human germline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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17. Specimen, biological structure, and spatial ontologies in support of a Human Reference Atlas.
- Author
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Herr BW 2nd, Hardi J, Quardokus EM, Bueckle A, Chen L, Wang F, Caron AR, Osumi-Sutherland D, Musen MA, and Börner K
- Subjects
- Humans, Databases, Factual, Cells
- Abstract
The Human Reference Atlas (HRA) is defined as a comprehensive, three-dimensional (3D) atlas of all the cells in the healthy human body. It is compiled by an international team of experts who develop standard terminologies that they link to 3D reference objects, describing anatomical structures. The third HRA release (v1.2) covers spatial reference data and ontology annotations for 26 organs. Experts access the HRA annotations via spreadsheets and view reference object models in 3D editing tools. This paper introduces the Common Coordinate Framework (CCF) Ontology v2.0.1 that interlinks specimen, biological structure, and spatial data, together with the CCF API that makes the HRA programmatically accessible and interoperable with Linked Open Data (LOD). We detail how real-world user needs and experimental data guide CCF Ontology design and implementation, present CCF Ontology classes and properties together with exemplary usage, and report on validation methods. The CCF Ontology graph database and API are used in the HuBMAP portal, HRA Organ Gallery, and other applications that support data queries across multiple, heterogeneous sources., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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18. Hallmarks of Cancer Applied to Oral and Oropharyngeal Carcinogenesis: A Scoping Review of the Evidence Gaps Found in Published Systematic Reviews.
- Author
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González-Moles, Miguel Ángel, Warnakulasuriya, Saman, López-Ansio, María, and Ramos-García, Pablo
- Subjects
TUMOR classification ,MOUTH tumors ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,OROPHARYNGEAL cancer ,ORAL diseases ,EVIDENCE gaps ,CELLS ,LITERATURE reviews ,TUMORS - Abstract
Simple Summary: This scoping review of systematic reviews aims to accurately assess the degree of existing scientific evidence on the cancer hallmarks proposed in 2011 by Hanahan and Weinberg, in the form of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, applied to oral potentially malignant disorders, oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, in order to point out gaps in evidence and lines of research that should be implemented in the future to improve the malignant transformation prediction, diagnosis and/or prognosis of these diseases. In 2000 and 2011, Hanahan and Weinberg published two papers in which they defined the characteristics that cells must fulfil in order to be considered neoplastic cells in all types of tumours that affect humans, which the authors called "hallmarks of cancer". These papers have represented a milestone in our understanding of the biology of many types of cancers and have made it possible to reach high levels of scientific evidence in relation to the prognostic impact that these hallmarks have on different tumour types. However, to date, there is no study that globally analyses evidence-based knowledge on the importance of these hallmarks in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. For this reason, we set out to conduct this scoping review of systematic reviews with the aim of detecting evidence gaps in relation to the relevance of the cancer hallmarks proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg in oral and oropharyngeal cancer, and oral potentially malignant disorders, and to point out future lines of research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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19. Brain cells living on the edge.
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HUMAN information processing ,NEURAL circuitry ,CENTRAL nervous system - Abstract
"The DishBrain criticality project has been an amazing collaborative experience between Cortical Labs, Biomedical Engineering and Neurology", says paper author Dr Chris French, leader of the Neural Dynamics Laboratory at the University of Melbourne's Department of Medicine. Keywords: Cells; Cortical Labs; Engineering; Networks; Neural Networks; Neurons EN Cells Cortical Labs Engineering Networks Neural Networks Neurons 1121 1121 1 09/19/23 20230923 NES 230923 2023 SEP 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- 5 September 2023, Melbourne, Australia A paper published in Nature Communications shows that when neurons are given information about the changing world around them (task-related sensory input) it changes how they behave, putting them on edge so that tiny inputs can then set off "avalanches" of brain activity, supporting a theory known as the critical brain hypothesis. The researchers, from Cortical Labs and The University of Melbourne, used DishBrain - a collection of 800,000 human neural cells learning to play Pong. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
20. THE INFLUENCE OF POLYPHENOLS OF GREEN WALNUT EXTRACT ON ZINC HOMEOSTASIS AND ITS ROLE IN THE ORGANISM OF BREEDING ROOSTERS.
- Author
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ROȘCA, Nicolae, BALAN, Ion, BUZAN, Vladimir, BALACCI, Sergiu, MEREUȚA, Ion, CAZACOV, Iulia, HAREA, Vasile, BUCARCIUC, Melania, TEMCIUC, Vlad, and VÎHRIST, Ecaterina
- Subjects
- *
ROOSTERS , *GERM cells , *ZINC , *POLYPHENOLS , *HOMEOSTASIS , *WALNUT - Abstract
In this paper were analyzed the scientific bibliographic sources regarding the physiological and biochemical role of zinc on the tissues and organs of the organism of breeding roosters. In addition, in laboratory conditions, our researchers studied hematological, biochemical indices as well as glycine, glutamate and cysteine content in blood serum, seminal plasma and reproductive cells of breeding roosters. It is established that this element has a beneficial action on the organism of breeding roosters, maintaining and stabilizing the indices listed above at the level of physiological norms, compared to the roosters from the control group, and at the same time participating in the antioxidant protection of cells and maintaining cell homeostasis by balancing transmembrane metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
21. Decoding the genetic relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes: potential risk variants and future direction for North Africa.
- Author
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Boukhalfa, Wided, Jmel, Haifa, Kheriji, Nadia, Gouiza, Ismail, Dallali, Hamza, Hechmi, Mariem, and Kefi, Rym
- Subjects
CHOLESTEROL metabolism ,ONLINE information services ,AMYLOID ,GENETICS ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,AGE distribution ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,GENETIC variation ,ALLELES ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,MICRORNA ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,CELLS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,RESEARCH funding ,MEDLINE ,EARLY diagnosis ,EARLY medical intervention ,CARRIER proteins - Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are both ageassociated diseases. Identification of shared genes could help develop early diagnosis and preventive strategies. Although genetic background plays a crucial role in these diseases, we noticed an underrepresentation tendency of North African populations in omics studies. Materials and methods: First, we conducted a comprehensive review of genes and pathways shared between T2D and AD through PubMed. Then, the function of the identified genes and variants was investigated using annotation tools including PolyPhen2, RegulomeDB, and miRdSNP. Pathways enrichment analyses were performed with g:Profiler and EnrichmentMap. Next, we analyzed variant distributions in 16 worldwide populations using PLINK2, R, and STRUCTURE software. Finally, we performed an inter-ethnic comparison based on the minor allele frequency of T2D-AD common variants. Results: A total of 59 eligible papers were included in our study. We found 231 variants and 363 genes shared between T2D and AD. Variant annotation revealed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with a high pathogenic score, three SNPs with regulatory effects on the brain, and six SNPs with potential effects on miRNA-binding sites. The miRNAs affected were implicated in T2D, insulin signaling pathways, and AD. Moreover, replicated genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to plasma protein binding, positive regulation of amyloid fibril deposition, microglia activation, and cholesterol metabolism. Multidimensional screening performed based on the 363 shared genes showed that main North African populations are clustered together and are divergent from other worldwide populations. Interestingly, our results showed that 49 SNP associated with T2D and AD were present in North African populations. Among them, 11 variants located in DNM3, CFH, PPARG, ROHA, AGER, CLU, BDNF1, CST9, and PLCG1 genes display significant differences in risk allele frequencies between North African and other populations. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the complexity and the unique molecular architecture of North African populations regarding T2D-AD shared genes. In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of T2D-AD shared genes and ethnicity-specific investigation studies for a better understanding of the link behind these diseases and to develop accurate diagnoses using personalized genetic biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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22. What Is the Folk Concept of Life?
- Author
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Beisbart, Claus and Reuter, Kevin
- Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL philosophy ,SPECIES diversity ,UNIVERSALS (Philosophy) ,NUTRITION ,HYPOTHESIS - Abstract
This paper details the content and structure of the folk concept of life, and discusses its relevance for scientific research on life. In four empirical studies, we investigate which features of life are considered salient, universal, central, and necessary. Functionings, such as nutrition and reproduction, but not material composition, turn out to be salient features commonly associated with living beings (Study 1). By contrast, being made of cells is considered a universal feature of living species (Study 2), a central aspect of life (Study 3), and our best candidate for being necessary for life (Study 4). These results are best explained by the hypothesis that people take life to be a natural kind subject to scientific scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Simplified capture, extraction, and amplification of cellular DNA from water samples
- Author
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Kawaguchi, Mai, Aoki, Hiroshi, Kamo, Hiroki, Miura, Kazuki, Hiruta, Yuki, Simizu, Siro, and Citterio, Daniel
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Salk teams assemble first full epigenomic cell atlas of the mouse brain.
- Subjects
MOTOR cortex ,REGULATOR genes ,BRAIN diseases ,MICE ,GENE expression - Abstract
Researchers at the Salk Institute have analyzed over 2 million brain cells from mice to create the most comprehensive atlas of the mouse brain to date. The study, part of the National Institutes of Health's BRAIN Initiative, not only identifies the various cell types in the brain but also reveals how these cells connect and the genes and regulatory programs that are active in each cell. The data is publicly available and can be accessed through an online platform, providing a valuable resource for researchers studying the mouse brain. The study also includes other findings, such as the discovery of regulatory elements implicated in brain diseases and the identification of correlations between regulatory proteins and gene expression patterns in the motor cortex. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
25. Possible adverse effects of low‐level laser on oral and oropharyngeal cancer cells: A scope review.
- Author
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Xavier, Maria Gabriella Apolinário, Moura, Maria de Lourdes Neves de, Ribeiro, Lucas Nascimento, Carvalho, Marianne de Vasconcelos, and Ferreira, Stefânia Jeronimo
- Subjects
OROPHARYNGEAL cancer ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,ORAL cancer ,CANCER cells ,LASER therapy - Abstract
Background: The effects of laser therapy on normal cells are well known and accepted, but the impact of this therapy on malignant cells are not yet fully understood. This review aims to map and outline what the scientific literature addresses on the effects of laser therapy on malignant cells. Methods: This review article followed the guidelines of the PRISMA‐ScR protocol, being all the search, analysis, and selection of articles based on it. Results: After all application of the predetermined criteria, five studies were included, dated between the years 2013 and 2021. With the complete reading of the selected studies, 100% of the articles were classified as category III of the Agency for Healthcare as Research and Quality classification. Similar themes among the papers included were investigated and compared. In these five studies, the visible red and near infrared wavelengths were used, and energy densities varied between 1 and 5 J/cm2. It was observed that low‐level laser could alter the expression of cell proliferation and migration proteins, such as cyclin D1, E‐cadherin, and β‐catenin. In addition, changes related to increased cell viability and metabolism were also identified. Conclusion: The low‐level laser seems to positively regulate the proliferative, migratory, and viability capacity of neoplastic cells, depending on the protocol used. All these studies included in the review are equivalent to in vitro studies; the cells are not in such a complex environment as is an organized tissue, making it necessary to carry out more complex tests, such as in vivo research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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26. Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A Plays a Central Role in the Regulatory Networks of Cellular Physiopathology.
- Author
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Benrong Liu, Wen-Chao Ou, Lei Fang, Chao-Wei Tian, and Yujuan Xiong
- Subjects
MUSCLE cells ,HOMEOSTASIS ,CELLS - Abstract
Cell regulatory networks are the determinants of cellular homeostasis. Any alteration to these networks results in the disturbance of cellular homeostasis and induces cells towards different fates. Myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) is one of four members of the MEF2 family of transcription factors (MEF2A-D). MEF2A is highly expressed in all tissues and is involved in many cell regulatory networks including growth, differentiation, survival and death. It is also necessary for heart development, myogenesis, neuronal development and differentiation. In addition, many other important functions of MEF2A have been reported. Recent studies have shown that MEF2A can regulate different, and sometimes even mutually exclusive cellular events. How MEF2A regulates opposing cellular life processes is an interesting topic and worthy of further exploration. Here, we reviewed almost all MEF2A research papers published in English and summarized them into three main sections: 1) the association of genetic variants in MEF2A with cardiovascular disease, 2) the physiopathological functions of MEF2A, and 3) the regulation of MEF2A activity and its regulatory targets. In summary, multiple regulatory patterns for MEF2A activity and a variety of co-factors cause its transcriptional activity to switch to different target genes, thereby regulating opposing cell life processes. The association of MEF2A with numerous signaling molecules establishes a central role for MEF2A in the regulatory network of cellular physiopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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27. A Flexible Chamber for Time-Lapse Live-Cell Imaging with Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.
- Author
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Yuan Y and Lu F
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells ultrastructure, Humans, Nonlinear Optical Microscopy instrumentation, Spectrum Analysis, Raman standards, Time-Lapse Imaging instrumentation, Time-Lapse Imaging standards, Water, Cells cytology, Nonlinear Optical Microscopy methods, Spectrum Analysis, Raman methods, Time-Lapse Imaging methods
- Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a label-free chemical imaging technology. Live-cell imaging with SRS has been demonstrated for many biological and biomedical applications. However, long-term time-lapse SRS imaging of live cells has not been widely adopted. SRS microscopy often uses a high numerical aperture (NA) water-immersion objective and a high NA oil-immersion condenser to achieve high-resolution imaging. In this case, the gap between the objective and the condenser is only a few millimeters. Therefore, most commercial stage-top environmental chambers cannot be used for SRS imaging because of their large thickness with a rigid glass cover. This paper describes the design and fabrication of a flexible chamber that can be used for time-lapse live-cell imaging with transmitted SRS signal detection on an upright microscope frame. The flexibility of the chamber is achieved by using a soft material - a thin natural rubber film. The new enclosure and chamber design can be easily added to an existing SRS imaging setup. The testing and preliminary results demonstrate that the flexible chamber system enables stable, long-term, time-lapse SRS imaging of live cells, which can be used for various bioimaging applications in the future.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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28. Electrogenetics: Bridging synthetic biology and electronics to remotely control the behavior of mammalian designer cells.
- Author
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Mansouri M and Fussenegger M
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Physiological Phenomena genetics, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Electronics, Gene Expression Regulation, Protein Biosynthesis, Telemetry, Cell Engineering methods, Cells metabolism, Electric Stimulation methods, Genetics, Mammals genetics, Synthetic Biology methods
- Abstract
Electrogenetics, the combination of electronics and genetics, is an emerging field of mammalian synthetic biology in which electrostimulation is used to remotely program user-designed genetic elements within designer cells to generate desired outputs. Here, we describe recent advances in electro-induced therapeutic gene expression and therapeutic protein secretion in engineered mammalian cells. We also review available tools and strategies to engineer electro-sensitive therapeutic designer cells that are able to sense electrical pulses and produce appropriate clinically relevant outputs in response. We highlight current limitations facing mammalian electrogenetics and suggest potential future directions for research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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29. 3D AFM Nanomechanical Characterization of Biological Materials.
- Author
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Kontomaris, Stylianos Vasileios, Stylianou, Andreas, Georgakopoulos, Anastasios, and Malamou, Anna
- Subjects
BIOMATERIALS ,ATOMIC force microscopy ,YOUNG'S modulus ,SCANNING probe microscopy ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials - Abstract
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool enabling the mechanical characterization of biological materials at the nanoscale. Since biological materials are highly heterogeneous, their mechanical characterization is still considered to be a challenging procedure. In this paper, a new approach that leads to a 3-dimensional (3D) nanomechanical characterization is presented based on the average Young's modulus and the AFM indentation method. The proposed method can contribute to the clarification of the variability of the mechanical properties of biological samples in the 3-dimensional space (variability at the x–y plane and depth-dependent behavior). The method was applied to agarose gels, fibroblasts, and breast cancer cells. Moreover, new mathematical methods towards a quantitative mechanical characterization are also proposed. The presented approach is a step forward to a more accurate and complete characterization of biological materials and could contribute to an accurate user-independent diagnosis of various diseases such as cancer in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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30. EXPLORING THE UNCHARTED: A CASE SERIES OF RARE HEAD AND NECK SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASM.
- Author
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Babu, Agil, Patel, Pinakin, Lakhera, Kamal Kishor, Mehta, Deeksha, Singh, Suresh, and Mohan, Pranav
- Subjects
HEAD & neck cancer diagnosis ,LEIOMYOSARCOMA ,BIOPSY ,SURGICAL flaps ,TONSIL cancer ,TONGUE tumors ,CANCER chemotherapy ,RHABDOMYOSARCOMA ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,ACQUISITION of data ,MASSETER muscle ,LARYNGEAL tumors ,CANCER relapse ,SOFT tissue tumors ,TUMOR classification ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CASE studies ,MEDICAL records ,CELLS ,LARYNGOSCOPY ,COMPUTED tomography ,RADIOTHERAPY ,NASAL tumors ,RARE diseases ,MAXILLARY tumors ,CONNECTIVE tissue tumors ,GLOSSECTOMY ,VINCRISTINE - Published
- 2024
31. Extraterrestrial Life Signature Detection Microscopy: Search and Analysis of Cells and Organics on Mars and Other Solar System Bodies.
- Author
-
Enya, Keigo, Yoshimura, Yoshitaka, Kobayashi, Kensei, and Yamagishi, Akihiko
- Subjects
SOLAR system ,EXTRATERRESTRIAL life ,SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments ,CELL analysis ,MARTIAN exploration ,EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings ,VENUS (Planet) - Abstract
This paper presents a review of the space exploration for life signature search with a special focus on the fluorescence microscope we developed for the life signature search on Mars and in other sites. Considering where, what, and how to search for life signature is essential. Life signature search exploration can be performed on the Mars surface and underground, on Venus' cloud, moon, asteroids, icy bodies (e.g., moons of Jupiter and Saturn), and so on. It is a useful strategy to consider the targeted characteristics that may be similar to those of terrestrial microorganisms, which are microorganisms with uniform spherical or rod structures with approximately 1 μm diameter surrounded by a membrane having a metabolic activity and mainly made of carbon-based molecules. These characteristics can be analyzed by using a fluorescence microscope and a combination of fluorescence pigments with specific staining characteristics to distinguish the microorganism characteristics. Section 1 introduces the space exploration for life signature search. Section 2 reviews the scientific instruments and achievements of past and ongoing Mars exploration missions closely related to astrobiology. Section 3 presents the search targets and analysis of astrobiology. Section 4 discusses the extraterrestrial life exploration methods that use a microscope together with other methods (based on mass spectrometry, morphology, detection of growth, movement, and death, etc. for microscopic and macroscopic organism). Section 5 expounds on the life signature detection fluorescence microscope, for which we have manufactured a bread board model and tested for extraterrestrial life exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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32. A fluorescent probe for detecting H2O2 and delivering H2S in lysosomes and its application in maintaining the redox environments.
- Author
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Xu, Chen, Zhang, Yukun, Ren, Mingguang, Liu, Keyin, Wu, Qin, Zhang, Chunling, Wang, Shoujuan, and Kong, Fangong
- Subjects
- *
FLUORESCENT probes , *PHYTOCHELATINS , *LYSOSOMES , *PLANT roots , *OXIDATION-reduction reaction , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *DNA probes - Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be used as a marker for the occurrence of oxidative stress in the organism. Lysosomes serve as intracellular digestive sites, and when the concentration of H 2 O 2 in them is abnormal, lysosomal function is often impaired, leading to the development of diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) acts as a gaseous signaling molecule that scavenges H 2 O 2 from cells and tissues, thereby maintaining the redox environment of the body. However, most of the reported hydrogen peroxide fluorescent probes so far can only detect H 2 O 2 , but cannot maintain the intracellular redox environment. In this paper, an H 2 O 2 fluorescent probe LN-HOD with lysosomal targeting properties was designed and synthesized by combining the H 2 O 2 recognition site with a naphthylamine fluorophore via a thiocarbamate moiety. The probe has the advantages of large Stokes shift (110 nm), high sensitivity and good H 2 S release capability. The probe LN-HOD can be used to detect H 2 O 2 in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. In addition, LN-HOD detects changes in the concentration of H 2 O 2 in plant roots when Arabidopsis is stressed by cadmium ion (Cd2+). And through its ability to release H 2 S, it can help to remove excess H 2 O 2 and maintain the redox environment in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. The present work provides new ideas for the detection and assisted removal of H 2 O 2 , which contributes to the in-depth study of the cellular microenvironment in organisms. In this paper, we designed and synthesized LN-HOD , a fluorescent probe targeting the detection of H 2 O 2 in lysosomes, by combining the H 2 O 2 recognition site with a naphthalimide fluorophore via a thiocarbamate moiety. The probe has the advantages of large Stokes displacement, high sensitivity and good H 2 S release capability. The probe LN-HOD can be used to detect H 2 O 2 in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. In addition, LN-HOD detects changes in the concentration of H 2 O 2 in plant roots when Arabidopsis is stressed by cadmium ion (Cd2+). And through its ability to release H 2 S, it can help to remove excess H 2 O 2 and maintain the redox environment in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. The present work provides new ideas for the detection and assisted removal of H 2 O 2 , which contributes to the in-depth study of the cellular microenvironment in organisms. [Display omitted] • The probe LN-HOD not only detects H 2 O 2 but also releases H 2 S. • LN-HOD has the ability to release H 2 S in cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis. • LN-HOD has a good ability to maintain the redox environment in cells. • LN-HOD can detect changes in H 2 O 2 concentration in plants induced by Cd2+ ion stress effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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33. Methodological Developments for Metabolic NMR Spectroscopy from Cultured Cells to Tissue Extracts: Achievements, Progress and Pitfalls.
- Author
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Lutz, Norbert W. and Bernard, Monique
- Subjects
TISSUE extracts ,MASS spectrometry ,ACHIEVEMENT - Abstract
This is a broad overview and critical review of a particular group of closely related ex vivo and in vitro metabolic NMR spectroscopic methods. The scope of interest comprises studies of cultured cells and excised tissue, either intact or after physicochemical extraction of metabolites. Our detailed discussion includes pitfalls that have led to erroneous statements in the published literature, some of which may cause serious problems in metabolic and biological interpretation of results. To cover a wide range of work from relevant research areas, we consider not only the most recent achievements in the field, but also techniques that proved to be valid and successful in the past, although they may not have generated a very significant number of papers more recently. Thus, this comparative review also aims at providing background information useful for judiciously choosing between the metabolic ex vivo/in vitro NMR methods presented. Finally, the methods of interest are discussed in the context of, and in relation to, other metabolic analysis protocols such as HR-MAS and cell perfusion NMR, as well as the mass spectrometry approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
34. Cardiac remodelling – Part 1: From cells and tissues to circulating biomarkers. A review from the Study Group on Biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology.
- Author
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González, Arantxa, Richards, A. Mark, de Boer, Rudolf A., Thum, Thomas, Arfsten, Henrike, Hülsmann, Martin, Falcao‐Pires, Inês, Díez, Javier, Foo, Roger S.Y., Chan, Mark Y., Aimo, Alberto, Anene‐Nzelu, Chukwuemeka G., Abdelhamid, Magdy, Adamopoulos, Stamatis, Anker, Stefan D., Belenkov, Yuri, Gal, Tuvia B., Cohen‐Solal, Alain, Böhm, Michael, and Chioncel, Ovidiu
- Abstract
Cardiac remodelling refers to changes in left ventricular structure and function over time, with a progressive deterioration that may lead to heart failure (HF) development (adverse remodelling) or vice versa a recovery (reverse remodelling) in response to HF treatment. Adverse remodelling predicts a worse outcome, whilst reverse remodelling predicts a better prognosis. The geometry, systolic and diastolic function and electric activity of the left ventricle are affected, as well as the left atrium and on the long term even right heart chambers. At a cellular and molecular level, remodelling involves all components of cardiac tissue: cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and leucocytes. The molecular, cellular and histological signatures of remodelling may differ according to the cause and severity of cardiac damage, and clearly to the global trend toward worsening or recovery. These processes cannot be routinely evaluated through endomyocardial biopsies, but may be reflected by circulating levels of several biomarkers. Different classes of biomarkers (e.g. proteins, non‐coding RNAs, metabolites and/or epigenetic modifications) and several biomarkers of each class might inform on some aspects on HF development, progression and long‐term outcomes, but most have failed to enter clinical practice. This may be due to the biological complexity of remodelling, so that no single biomarker could provide great insight on remodelling when assessed alone. Another possible reason is a still incomplete understanding of the role of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of cardiac remodelling. Such role will be investigated in the first part of this review paper on biomarkers of cardiac remodelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Virtual cell model for osmotic pressure calculation of charged biomolecules.
- Author
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Polimeni M, Pasquier C, and Lund M
- Subjects
- Ions, Monte Carlo Method, Solvents, Cells chemistry, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Osmotic Pressure, Proteins analysis, Proteins chemistry
- Abstract
The osmotic pressure of dilute electrolyte solutions containing charged macro-ions as well as counterions can be computed directly from the particle distribution via the well-known cell model. Originally derived within the Poisson-Boltzmann mean-field approximation, the cell model considers a single macro-ion centered into a cell, together with counterions needed to neutralize the total cell charge, while it neglects the phenomena due to macro-ion correlations. While extensively applied in coarse-grained Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of continuum solvent systems, the cell model, in its original formulation, neglects the macro-ion shape anisotropy and details of the surface charge distribution. In this paper, by comparing one-body and two-body coarse-grained MC simulations, we first establish an upper limit for the assumption of neglecting correlations between macro-ions, and second, we validate the approximation of using a non-spherical macro-ion. Next, we extend the cell model to all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and show that protein concentration-dependent osmotic pressures can be obtained by confining counterions in a virtual, spherical subspace defining the protein number density. Finally, we show the possibility of using specific interaction parameters for the protein-ion and ion-ion interactions, enabling studies of protein concentration-dependent ion-specific effects using merely a single protein molecule.
- Published
- 2021
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36. Tokyo Neurological Center Researchers Yield New Data on Neuroscience (Adult human neurogenesis: A view from two schools of thought).
- Subjects
RESEARCH personnel ,NEUROSCIENCES ,NEUROGENESIS ,ADULTS ,RESEARCH questions - Abstract
Researchers at the Tokyo Neurological Center in Japan have published a paper discussing the controversial topic of adult neurogenesis (ANG) in the human cerebral cortex. The researchers aim to provide insight into the current state of the field and redirect research questions to avoid exaggerated claims and save resources. The paper does not provide an extensive review of all findings and conclusions in the ANG literature but offers a reflective analysis. The research raises questions about whether we lose neurons as we age, how lost neurons can be replaced, and the role of adult-born neurons in brain function. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
37. Nathalie Borowski.
- Author
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Escudier, Paul
- Subjects
DEOXYRIBOZYMES ,CELLS ,ARTISTIC creation ,SCIENTIFIC ability ,ALLEGORY (Art) ,SOCIAL structure - Abstract
An interview with artist Nathalie Borowski is featured, focusing on her profound connection with science, especially DNA and cells. When questioned about her artistic process, Borowski explains her aim to translate scientific realities into visual representations, creating a dreamlike dimension for microscopic life and establishing allegorical links between scientific concepts and societal patterns.
- Published
- 2024
38. Human macrophage C‐type lectin forms a heteromeric receptor complex with Mincle but not Dectin‐2.
- Author
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Blankson, Vera, Lobato‐Pascual, Ana, Saether, Per Christian, Fossum, Sigbjørn, Dissen, Erik, and Daws, Michael R.
- Subjects
MACROPHAGES ,HETERODIMERS ,MYELOID cells ,GENE clusters ,FLOW cytometry - Abstract
MCL, Mincle and Dectin‐2 are C‐type lectin receptors expressed by subsets of myeloid cells, and their genes cluster together in the APLEC/Dectin‐2 gene complex. We have previously shown that MCL and Mincle form a heterodimer in the rat, and others have shown that MCL and Dectin‐2 form a heterodimer in the mouse. In the rat, Dectin‐2 is a pseudogene, but here, we examine the association of the three receptors in human. In co‐transfection experiments analyzed with flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation, we here show that human MCL and Mincle form a disulphide‐linked heterodimer that associates with the signalling adaptor molecule FcεRIγ, in accordance with our previous findings in the rat. In contrast to previous findings in the rat, data in this paper indicate a direct association of MCL with FcεRIγ, as previously shown for mouse MCL. We were unable to demonstrate the formation of a heterodimer between human MCL and Dectin‐2. Thus, despite similarities, there may be important differences in the conformation of these receptors between rat, mouse and human, and this may have functional consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Exploring early stage Alzheimer's disease.
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease ,CENTRAL nervous system diseases ,ENTORHINAL cortex ,TAU proteins - Abstract
A recent study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association has shown that research in nonhuman primates, specifically rhesus macaques, may provide a powerful model for testing treatments for early-stage Alzheimer's disease. The study focused on the tau protein, which is implicated in Alzheimer's and other dementias. By injecting mutated tau proteins into the monkeys' brains, researchers were able to track the spread of tau pathology, affected cells, and inflammation over a period of six months. This model could potentially allow for preclinical testing of interventions that target the tau protein before dementia develops. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
40. DNN‐aided read‐voltage threshold optimization for MLC flash memory with finite block length.
- Author
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Wang, Cheng, Wei, Kang, Kong, Lingjun, Shi, Long, Mei, Zhen, Li, Jun, and Cai, Kui
- Subjects
CELLS ,FLASH memory ,VOLTAGE ,CHANNEL coding ,NEURAL circuitry - Abstract
The error‐correcting performance of multi‐level‐cell (MLC) NAND flash memory is closely related to the block length of error‐correcting codes (ECCs) and log‐likelihood‐ratios of the read‐voltage thresholds. Driven by this issue, this paper optimizes the read‐voltage thresholds for MLC flash memory to improve the decoding performance of ECCs with finite block length. First, through the analysis of channel coding rate and decoding error probability under finite block length, the optimization problem of read‐voltage thresholds to minimize the maximum decoding error probability is formulated. Second, a cross‐iterative search algorithm to optimize read‐voltage thresholds under the perfect knowledge of flash memory channel is developed. However, it is challenging to analytically characterize the voltage distribution under the effect of data retention noise. To address this problem, a deep neural network (DNN)‐aided optimization strategy to optimize the read‐voltage thresholds is developed, where a multi‐layer perception network is employed to learn the relationship between voltage distribution and read‐voltage thresholds. Simulation results show that, compared with the existing schemes, the proposed DNN‐aided read‐voltage threshold optimization strategy with a well‐designed Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code can not only improve the program‐and‐erase endurance but also reduce the read latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Data from Hunan University Provide New Insights into Artificial Neurons (Design of Artificial Neurons of Memristive Neuromorphic Networks Based On Biological Neural Dynamics and Structures).
- Published
- 2024
42. New Brain Sciences Research from Yanshan University Discussed (Terahertz Radiation Modulates Neuronal Morphology and Dynamics Properties).
- Subjects
SUBMILLIMETER waves ,BRAIN research - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at Yanshan University in China explores the effects of terahertz radiation on neuronal morphology and dynamics. The study suggests that terahertz radiation can induce changes in cellular structure and function by exciting resonance effects in proteins. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and laws of interaction between terahertz radiation and neurons. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the potential applications of terahertz waves in neuroscience and highlight the importance of considering safety and spatial resolution in future research. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
43. A Review on the Heightened Mechanical Features of Nanosilica-Based Concrete and the Response of Human Fibroblasts to Nanosilica
- Author
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Jonathan, Eribe M., Ifijen, Ikhazuagbe H., Mokobia, Kate E., Okeke, Emmanuel I., Omoruyi, Chiadika I., and Anegbe, Bala
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Autopoiesis and Eigenform
- Author
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Louis H. Kauffman
- Subjects
autopoiesis ,molecular substrate ,cells ,protocells ,recursion ,fixed points ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
This paper explores a formal model of autopoiesis as presented by Maturana, Uribe and Varela, and analyzes this model and its implications through the lens of the notions of eigenforms (fixed points) and the intricacies of Goedelian coding. The paper discusses the connection between autopoiesis and eigenforms and a variety of different perspectives and examples. The paper puts forward original philosophical reflections and generalizations about its various conclusions concerning specific examples, with the aim of contributing to a unified way of understanding (formal models of) living systems within the context of natural sciences, and to see the role of such systems and the formation of information from the point of view of analogs of biological construction. To this end, we pay attention to models for fixed points, self-reference and self-replication in formal systems and in the description of biological systems.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A turn-on fluorescent probe for sensing N2H4 in living cells, zebrafishes and plant root with a large turn-on fluorescence signal.
- Author
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Zhang, Yukun, Xu, Chen, Sun, Hui, Ai, Jindong, and Ren, Mingguang
- Subjects
- *
FLUORESCENT probes , *POLLUTANTS , *FLUORESCENCE , *ENVIRONMENTAL sampling , *CELL imaging , *FLUOROPHORES , *PLANT roots , *MOLECULAR probes - Abstract
Hydrazine (N 2 H 4) plays an important role in industrial production, but it is highly toxic, leaking or exposing it will pollute the environment and cause serious harm to human beings. Therefore, it is necessary to use a simple and effective method to detect N 2 H 4 in environmental systems and organisms. Herein, a novel water-soluble fluorescent probe based on coumarin fluorophore, 2-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C-Z1), is reported. The fluorescence intensity of the probe at 530 nm was enhanced gradually with the addition of N 2 H 4 , and the maximum enhancement was about 28 times. The probe has good selectivity and sensitivity, the detection limit of hydrazine hydrate is 1.48 × 10−7 M, and the response mechanism of the probe is proved by theoretical calculation and experiment. C-Z1 has been shown to detect N 2 H 4 in a variety of environmental samples, including water, soil, air, cells, zebrafish and plants. In addition, C-Z1 can be made into test strips for easy portability and used for rapid quantitative detection of N 2 H 4 in the field by its distinct change in fluorescence color. Thus, C-Z1 has great potential for the analysis and detection of environmental contaminants. In this paper, the deprotection of phthalimide is used as a strategy for the detection of hydrazine. We designed and synthesized a water-soluble probe C-Z1 for the detection of N 2 H 4. its absorption and emission spectra vary regularly with the concentration of the N 2 H 4 solution. C-Z1 can detect N 2 H 4 in environmental water samples, soil, and air. Portable paper test strips based on C-Z1 can be easily prepared and are well used for in situ detection of N 2 H 4. Most importantly, the successful application of the probe in cell imaging, zebrafish imaging, and Arabidopsis imaging demonstrates the potential application of the probe in biological and environmental aspects. [Display omitted] • C-Z1 is a novel probe for the detection of N 2 H 4 , which has not been reported in other literature. • The probe is a water-soluble fluorescent probe and has a maximum fluorescence intensity of 28-fold. • The probe possesses low toxicity and can be used for fluorescence imaging of cells, zebrafish and arabidopsis. • Accurate determination of hydrazine is realized in real environmental samples. • The probes are simple to prepare and can be made into test strips for physical environmental testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Researchers discover a new embryonic brain circuit.
- Subjects
AUTISM spectrum disorders ,DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities ,PYRAMIDAL neurons - Abstract
"Understanding the detailed development of cell types and circuits in the cortex can provide important insights into autism and other neurodevelopmental diseases", says Botond Roska, Director at IOB and the paper's corresponding author. Autism, Cells, Developmental Disabilities, Developmental Diseases and Conditions, Health and Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Mental Health, Neurology, Neurons, Ophthalmology Keywords: Autism; Cells; Developmental Disabilities; Developmental Diseases and Conditions; Health and Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel; Mental Health; Neurology; Neurons; Ophthalmology EN Autism Cells Developmental Disabilities Developmental Diseases and Conditions Health and Medicine Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel Mental Health Neurology Neurons Ophthalmology 1116 1116 1 05/02/23 20230505 NES 230505 2023 MAY 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Mental Health Weekly Digest -- EMBARGOED UNTIL 17-APR-2023 11:00 ET Basel, April 17, 2023 Using a new approach for studying live embryonic mouse brains at single-cell resolution, researchers have identified an active multi-layer circuit that forms in the cortex during an unexpectedly early stage of development. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
47. A Molecular Hypothesis on Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cancer Hallmarks Expression in This Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder.
- Author
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Keim-del Pino, Carmen, Ramos-García, Pablo, and González-Moles, Miguel Ángel
- Subjects
MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,EPITHELIAL cells ,NEOPLASTIC cell transformation ,CELL proliferation ,APOPTOSIS ,META-analysis ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,ORAL mucosa ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,TUMOR suppressor genes ,ORAL lichen planus ,ONLINE information services ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INFLAMMATION ,CELLS ,BIOMARKERS ,GENOMES - Abstract
Simple Summary: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune nature and unknown etiology which affects approximately 1% of the world's population. The most important feature of OLP is its behavior as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). The current study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis designed to evaluate the degree of existing scientific evidence on the cancer hallmarks proposed in 2011 by Hanahan and Weinberg, defined as the characteristics that cells must fulfill in order to be considered neoplastic cells in all types of tumors that affect humans. This systematic review and meta-analysis includes 110 studies which recruited 7064 cases of OLP, in which the expression of 104 molecular biomarkers were analyzed through an immunohistochemical technique. The earliest oncogenic molecular mechanisms that could justify the malignant transformation of this disease are analyzed in depth and critically discussed on the basis of evidence. We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the current evidence on the differential expression of the hallmarks of cancer in oral lichen planus (OLP) samples, in order to know the earliest molecular mechanisms that could be involved in the malignant transformation of this oral potentially malignant disorder. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before November 2023. We evaluated the methodological quality of studies and carried out meta-analyses to fulfill our objectives. Inclusion criteria were met by 110 primary-level studies, with 7065 OLP samples, in which the expression of 104 biomarkers were analyzed through immunohistochemistry. Most OLP samples showed sustained cell proliferation signaling (65.48%, 95%CI = 51.87–78.02), anti-apoptotic pathways (55.93%, 95%CI = 35.99–75.0), genome instability (48.44%, 95%CI = 13.54–84.19), and tumor-promoting inflammation events (83.10%, 95%CI = 73.93–90.74). Concurrently, OLP samples also harbored tumor growth suppressor mechanisms (64.00%, 95%CI = 53.27–74.12). In conclusion, current evidence indicates that molecular mechanisms promoting hyperproliferative signaling, an antiapoptotic state with genomic instability, and an escape of epithelial cells from immune destruction, are developed in LP-affected oral mucosa. It is plausible that these events are due to the actions exerted by the chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Malignant transformation appears to be prevented by tumor suppressor genes, which showed consistent upregulation in OLP samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Bibliometric analysis of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease.
- Author
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Wenxian Sun, Jin Gong, Shaoqi Li, Pin Wang, Xiaodong Han, Chang Xu, Heya Luan, Ruina Li, Boye Wen, and Cuibai Wei
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC journals ,BIOLOGICAL models ,TAU proteins ,TRANSGENIC animals ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,RESEARCH funding ,BLOOD-brain barrier ,NEUROINFLAMMATION ,AUTHORSHIP ,OXIDATIVE stress ,IN vivo studies ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,MEDICAL research ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ,DATA analysis software ,CELLS ,AMYLOID beta-protein precursor - Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the predominant cause of dementia on a global scale, significantly impacting the health of the elderly population. The pathogenesis of AD is closely linked to neuroinflammation. The present study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine research pertaining to neuroinflammation and AD within the last decade, with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of the current research profile, hotspots and trends. Methods: This research conducted a comprehensive review of publications within the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection Database spanning the years 2014 to 2024. Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer (version 1.6.19) and CiteSpace (version 6.3.R1) software to visualize data on countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and references. Results: A total of 3,833 publications on neuroinflammation and AD were included from January 2014 to January 2024. Publications were mainly from the United States and China. Zetterberg, Henrik emerged as the author with the highest publication output, while Edison, Paul was identified as the most cited author. The most productive journal was Journal of Alzheimers Disease, and the most co-cited was Journal of Neuroinflammation. Research hotspot focused on microglia, mouse models, oxidative stress, and amyloid-beta through keyword analysis. Additionally, keywords such as blood-brain barrier and tau protein exhibited prolonged citation bursts from 2022 to 2024. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive review of the last 10 years of research on neuroinflammation and AD, including the number and impact of research findings, research hotspots, and future trends. The quantity of publications in this field is increasing, mainly in the United States and China, and there is a need to further strengthen close cooperation with different countries and institutions worldwide. Presently, research hotspots are primarily concentrated on microglia, with a focus on inhibiting their pro-inflammatory responses and promoting their anti-inflammatory functions as a potential direction for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Toward an innovation radar for cultivated meat: exploring process technologies for cultivated meat and claims about their social impacts.
- Author
-
Woelken, Lisa, Weckowska, Dagmara M., Dreher, Carsten, and Rauh, Cornelia
- Subjects
SOCIAL impact ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,LITERATURE reviews ,RADAR ,SOCIAL integration ,MEAT ,SOCIAL sustainability - Abstract
Introduction: Cultivated meat has received growing attention since claims were made that cultivated meat can be produced more ethically and sustainably than the current meat production. However, there are still major challenges in the development of cell lines, scaffolding, growth media, and bioprocess, which need to be overcome to reach industrial production levels. Numerous technological innovations have been proposed to overcome these challenges but they have rarely been evaluated with regard to their social sustainability. Consequently, it remains unclear if and how cultivated meat would contribute towards creating inclusive food systems. Methods: To bring more clarity, the study identifies different technological solutions that are used or developed for production of cultivated meat and identifies the positive and negative claims about the expected contributions of these technological solutions to social inclusion in food systems, using evidence from the literature review and 11 expert interviews. An innovation radar for cultivated meat is proposed to visualise the variety of technological innovations and the claims about their expected contributions to social sustainability. Results: The technologies in the areas cell line development, scaffolding, growth media, and bioprocess are expected to have an impact on inclusion in consumption of cultivated meat. Some cell innovations are expected to raise cognitive barriers due to complex technologies that might be difficult for the consumer to understand. Cultural barriers are expected to be raised by cell innovation entailing genetic engineering and medium innovation using FBS or animal components, which is considered to harm animals. Further, regulatory barriers are expected in the EU if genetic modification is used in the production process, which concerns the areas cells, media, and scaffolding. The innovations for scaffolds are expected to mainly lower cost and cultural barriers since most technologies are already used in the food industry. Bioprocess innovations promise to lower cost barriers, however it must be considered, that most of the collected data for innovations in the bioprocess domain are based on assumptions. Discussion: The study concludes that at this point in time, the most socially sustainable approach to cultivated meat production is not obvious. Under the current technological state of the art, it is not thinkable that production and consumption of cultivated meat could be socially inclusive. As it remains poorly understood if technologies for cultivated meat production could raise or lower barriers to inclusive consumption and production, further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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50. Atropine can induce autophagy independent of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.
- Author
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Hai-Chang Yin, Wen-Zhu Zhuang, Xin-Jie Jiang, and Di Liu
- Subjects
MUSCARINIC acetylcholine receptors ,ATROPINE ,NICOTINIC acetylcholine receptors ,AUTOPHAGY ,MYOCARDIUM - Abstract
Background: No other effects of atropine other than as an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) have been found. Methods: In this study, human kidney epithelial cells were treated with different physiological regulators. Results: Subsequently, it was found that atropine could significantly induce autophagy as demonstrated by the appearance of autophagosome-like double- or single-membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm of host cells and the number of GFP-LC3 dots. In addition, increased conversion of the autophagy marker protein LC3-I and LC3-II and increased p62/SQSTM1 indicated incomplete autophagy. In addition, atropine induced autophagosome levels in a dose-dependent manner within a certain concentration range in human kidney epithelial cells. In atropine-treated mouse skeletal muscle cells containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and rat cardiac muscle cells containing mAchR, atropine induced autophagy in mouse skeletal muscle cells but not in rat cardiac muscle cells. Furthermore, atropine did not induce autophagy in tissue cells containing mAchR in vivo but did in tissue cells not containing mAchR. Conclusion: This study expands the application and understanding of atropine's action mechanism in the field of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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