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Background: Visitation restrictions due to COVID‐19 kept parents from being with their children who were hospitalized in the PICU and from meeting with professional staff. Aim: This study examined the moderating effect of COVID‐19‐induced visitation restrictions on the relationship between stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder in parents of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit. Study Design: We conducted a descriptive, exploratory study involving 93 parents of children hospitalized in the paediatric intensive care unit using the Korean version of the Parental Stressor Scale: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and the Revised Impact of Events Scale. Descriptive, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the data. Self‐reported survey questionnaires were provided for parents to complete in a separate area of the outpatient clinic when they visited for follow‐up care after their children were discharged from the paediatric intensive care unit. Results: Mothers showed significantly higher post‐traumatic stress disorder scores than fathers. The relationship between all the sub‐domains of perceived stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder was statistically significant. Visitation restrictions because of the COVID‐19 pandemic had significant moderating effects on the relationship between perceived parental stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, the moderating effects of COVID‐19 were exhibited when the two sub‐domains—hyperarousal and intrusion—were investigated. Conclusions: Paediatric intensive care unit visitation may be an important intervention for parental post‐traumatic stress disorder. Parental visitation should be enabled, and alternative interventions should be developed in situations where visitation is prohibited. Relevance to Clinical Practice: It is necessary to develop and apply various and effective alternatives visitation that can prepare hospitals for visiting restrictions during pandemic situations which could emerge in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Vibration training is an adjuvant to muscle-strengthening exercises. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effects of direct vibration on the deep trunk muscles of patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP). METHODS: Participants with non-specific CLBP were randomly placed into two groups: the vibration-plus stabilization exercise (VSE) group (n = 31) and the conventional stabilization exercise (CSE) group (n = 31). The groups underwent 12 sessions of an exercise program. The thickness and activity of the trunk muscles were measured using ultrasonography and surface electromyography. RESULTS: Ultrasonography revealed that the ratio of muscle thickness to contraction and relaxation was statistically increased after exercise in the bilateral transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles in the CSE group (p = 0.031), and in the bilateral TrA, LM, and internal oblique (IO) muscles in the VSE group (p < 0.001). The LM/lumbar erector spinae (LES) ratio in the CSE group (p = 0.037), and the IO/rectus abdominis (RA), TrA/RA, and LM/LES ratios in the VSE group (p = 0.019) were statistically increased. Multiple regression analysis showed that symptom improvement was related to increased activity of the deep trunk muscles in the VSE group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Direct vibration can increase the selective activity of contracting deep trunk muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]