1. Immune response pattern across the asymptomatic, symptomatic and convalescent periods of COVID-19
- Author
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Tingting Zhou, Yang Chen, Beiwei Ye, Yingze Zhao, Xueyuan Liu, Yongzhong Jiang, Jie Zhang, Min Li, Shuaixin Gao, Jianbo Zhan, William J. Liu, Yaxin Guo, Heqiang Sun, Catherine C. L. Wong, Jiangtao Guo, George F. Gao, Shaobo Dong, Tongqi Yu, and Nan Zhang
- Subjects
Proteomics ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Neutrophils ,Biophysics ,Complex disease ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Disease ,Biochemistry ,Asymptomatic ,Analytical Chemistry ,Immune system ,Regular Paper ,Medicine ,Humans ,Turning point ,Myeloid Cells ,Cholesterol metabolism ,Immune response ,Molecular Biology ,Asymptomatic Infections ,Mass spectrometry ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Immunity ,COVID-19 ,Convalescence ,Recovery stage ,Cholesterol ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
We present an integrated analysis of urine and serum proteomics and clinical measurements in asymptomatic, mild/moderate, severe and convalescent cases of COVID-19. We identify the pattern of immune response during COVID-19 infection. The immune response is activated in asymptomatic infection, but is dysregulated in mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Our data suggest that the turning point depends on the function of myeloid cells and neutrophils. In addition, immune defects persist into the recovery stage, until 12 months after diagnosis. Moreover, disorders of cholesterol metabolism span the entire progression of the disease, starting from asymptomatic infection and lasting to recovery. Our data suggest that prolonged dysregulation of the immune response and cholesterol metabolism might be the pivotal causative agent of other potential sequelae. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, which is instructive for the development of early intervention strategies to ameliorate complex disease sequelae.
- Published
- 2021