Search

This paper is a study of a representative example of the application of the Council of Europe Landscape Convention (CEP), with a project that is emblematic of the implementation of the CEP as the first winner of the Council of Europe’s landscape award in 2009. It shows how the principles of that international treaty ratified by France and enshrined in national law was able to inspire public plans and policies for the reconstruction of landscapes that met the objectives of the four sustainable development pillars of culture, environment, society, and economy. This example demonstrates that public policies can bring positive results in those fields and generate not only quality public space but also significant improvement in the quality of life by ensuring access to the fundamental good of landscape while preserving access to another fundamental good of drinking water. The paper starts with a short history of the Landscape Convention, then briefly explores its main premises and values, before providing the concrete example of the Deûle Park or Parc de la Deûle located within the Lille metropolitan area, in the North of France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic resistance to secularism is one of the most frequently stated problems in France. This paper addresses this issue as seen by French Muslim discourses. It is argued, here, that French Muslim discourses on laïcité are determined by the claim of equal treatment of Muslims and non-Muslims in France. Thus, this paper highlights the importance of the inequality framework and the tendency to give preference to rights over responsibilities in French Muslim discourses on secularism. Seven Islamic works published between 1994 and 2019 by mainstream-reformist Muslim intellectuals and activists will be analysed, showcasing that the general attitude of Islamic leadership in France is to demand the right to difference and equality, a laïcité that respects the autonomy and freedom to practice religion, including in the public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of an industrial era in which Nantes was the busiest shipping and slave-trading port in France, a giant, mechanical elephant became an animating force in the city's reanimation of the neighborhood left behind. In this paper, I consider the Grand Éléphant de Nantes as a case study of urban enchantment. The elephant occupies the boundary between artwork, machine, and animal, allowing it to captivate spectators and encourage the communal creation of a place in a public urban space. It simultaneously turns away from, rather than grappling with, the site's historical role in the transatlantic slave trade. Following Jane Bennett's conception of enchantment as a method of commodity fetishism, this paper shows that enchantment is a force of placemaking that draws spectators from urban stupor and in doing so, raises the potential for ethical engagement with space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion, despite its signifi cance in social life, has always been a complex and controversial issue, especially in its relation to politics (state), human rights and liberal democracy. From a theoretical perspective, the paper contributes to clarifying the distinction between the public and private spheres, as well as religion the public sphere/space. Besides, the paper analyzes disputes about the free expression of religious symbols in public space through the case of the French Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the spatial and residential impact of social-mix and urban renewal policies in large French social housing estates. Tenure diversification is one of the drivers of a privatization process that is leading to an increase in private housing, especially home ownership developments. The wholesale urban restructuring of the modernist conception of high-rise buildings and open public spaces of the 1960s provides another vector. Analyzing the implementation of these two national strategies at large housing estate micro level—partly at La Duchère housing complex in Lyon—sheds light on how the design and location of new housing developments results in fragmentation of "residences" and space. To a certain extent, these social-mix policies exacerbate internal socio-residential differentiation by simply "displacing the stigma". What is new is rescaling at the level of small "residences" and gating of housing more than the segmentation process itself, which already existed in large housing estates. At the micro-level of large housing estates, this challenges the standardization of urban and social practices through design, the "residualization" of social housing and public space as well as the public management of fragmented space. In a broader context, these changes show how the recent shift in the French social housing model has been embodied in spatial reconfiguration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiculturalism as a theoretical concept is an extension of communitarianism and emerged out of the liberal-communitarian debate. Multiculturalism emerged as a doctrine to defend minority rights in the context of communitarian critique of liberal individualism and how these minority rights fit into the broader issue of liberal-democratic theory. It is a theory to counter the dangerous tendencies which are inherent in the theory of liberalism and communitarianism. Liberal concept of justice was not enough to defend the sort of group specific rights that minorities need to protect themselves from assimilation and similarly communitarianism has a dangerous tendency to limit the freedom of individual to question and revise traditional way of life. In this paper I had tried to work out how multiculturalism as a doctrine emerged out of communitarianism and how composite culture which is an essential prerequisite of multicultural societies can be created. In this I had tried to show that Multiculturalism emerged as a doctrine to defend minority rights in the context of communitarian critique of liberal individualism and how these minority rights fit into the broader issue of liberal-democratic theory. In this paper I had also tried to chalk out significant differences in the concept of multiculturalism and communitarianism. In a multicultural society, the growth of composite culture is necessary for the formation and growth of national identity and for composite culture to easily develop in multicultural society I had recommended deliberative form of democracy. Most of the modern societies are multicultural societies with each cultural community offering a conception of good life. Coexistence of different conceptions of good life creates a situation of moral conflict which is confined not only to public sphere but stretches over to private domain also. Different cultural groups often grudge that their view and concerns are often sidelined by representative bodies while formulating public polices, which eventually make them apathetic to state authorities and creates a problem of legitimacy. Like in France, the state in 2010 decided to ban all religious symbols in public which created lot of resentment in minority community. Similarly in India, The Muslim Women (protection of rights on Marriage)bill, 2019 banning and criminalizing triple talaq was passed by parliament as a social reform measure without having consultation with the members of concerned Muslim community. This spurred the debate in India that shouldn't the government have brought in this legislation after having wider consultation with the concerned community and does the state has the right to criminalize a civil act pertaining to marriage whereas no such provision exists for any other community. Modern multicultural societies are faced with the dilemma how to reconcile this discontent and resolve the disputes arising out of such moral conflicts. There have been numerous instances in multicultural societies where people belonging to different religious groups have resented such legal legislations which encroach upon their religious beliefs. There is therefore a growing feeling that while formulating public policies different cultural groups should be consulted. In this article we have tried to show that Multiculturalism emerged as a doctrine to defend minority rights in the context of communitarian critique of liberal individualism and how these minority rights fit into the broader issue of liberal-democratic theory. Apart from this we have also tried to chalk out significant differences in the concept of multiculturalism and communitarianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of religious signs in schools, as in other areas of the public sphere, is a current topic, given that legislative changes are constantly taking place. In countries as close as Germany, France, England and Spain, the legislation governing the wearing of the Islamic veil differs considerably due to their different historical, cultural, social, economic and idiosyncratic contexts. Leaving aside the ethnocentric perspective, in this paper a comparative study of the situation was carried out in these four countries. The main results include a negative attitude towards the wearing of the Islamic veil in France as opposed to a more tolerant position in England and Spain. In the case of Germany, there is a greater diversity of positions due to the characteristic autonomy of each federal state. Given the different types of veils, the reasons for wearing them, the traditions of each society and regional idiosyncrasies, it is considered that, a priori, there should not be a fight against its use, although it is recommended to adopt a belligerent stance against its imposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There are several characteristics of working in an urban environment that challenge the usual forms of work prescription. OBJECTIVE: This is a case study on the work of gardeners in an urban setting in the north of Paris. This paper develops the notion of territory, which we define as a system that is locally rooted in an open environment through the situated actions of gardeners' work. As the employees do their work in an outside environment, interactions in real-life situations are beyond the control of work organization. City gardeners' work is carried out in a green, living and human environment. METHODS: We conducted detailed open observations in a town's green zones. These were complemented by individual interviews in work situations and by collective interviews within the boundaries of the municipality. RESULTS: We use the notion of territory to highlight the particularity of work within organizations where the work environment cannot be limited to the space inside their walls. The gardeners' work makes it possible to link residents and passers-by (on foot or in vehicles) with the town's green spaces (micro-ecosystems). Their work consists in connecting the different expectations and needs of the various life forms: the human beings (with a variety of lifestyles), as well as the plants, insects and animals. CONCLUSION: The particularities of working in an open environment create complex forms of prescription. The notion of territory, rarely used in ergonomics, proves to be fruitful for considering work in these contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to untangle the underlying mechanisms through which reputational signals promote stakeholders' intentions to donate in nonprofit organizations via stakeholder trust. Design/methodology/approach: The authors apply a moderated mediation model using an experimental design with N = 248 business and public management students of France. Findings: The results indicate that both a formal reputational signal (third-party certificate) and an informal reputational signal (self-proclaiming to be social entrepreneurial) affect stakeholder trust and intentions to donate. Stakeholder trust partially mediated the relationship between the formal signal and intentions to donate, and the mediation effect was stronger when an informal signal was present (vs. not present). Practical implications: Trust is central to the exchange of nonprofit organizations and their external stakeholders. To enhance trust and supportive behavior toward nonprofit organizations, these organizations may consider using formal and informal reputational signaling within their marketing strategies. Originality/value: This research highlights the pivotal role of formal and informal reputational signals for the enhancing stakeholders' trust and donation behavior in a nonprofit context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child pornography—better known as child sexual abuse material (CSAM)—represents a severe form of exploitation and victimization of children, leaving the victims with emotional and physical trauma. In this study, we aim to analyze local patterns of CSAM consumption across 1341 French communes in 20 metropolitan regions of France between March 16 to May 31, 2019 using fine-grained mobile traffic data of Tor network-related web services. We estimate that approx. 0.08% of Tor mobile download traffic observed in France is linked to the consumption of CSAM by correlating it with local-level temporal porn consumption patterns. This compares to 0.19% of what we conservatively estimate to be the share of CSAM content in global Tor traffic. In line with existing literature on the link between sexual child abuse and the consumption of image-based content thereof, we observe a positive and statistically significant effect of our CSAM consumption estimates on the reported number of victims of sexual violence and vice versa, which validates our findings, after controlling for a set of geographically disaggregated features including socio-demographic characteristics, voting behavior, nearby points of interest and Google Trends queries. While this is a first, exploratory attempt to look at CSAM from a spatial epidemiological angle, we believe this research provides public health officials with valuable information to prioritize target areas for public awareness campaigns as another step to fulfill the global community's pledge to target 16.2 of the sustainable development goals: "end abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence and torture against children". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestion et Management Public is the property of Association Internationale de Recherche en Management Public (AIRMAP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A road verge, also known as a roadside, is a strip of grass or vegetation, sometimes shrubs and trees, that forms a space on the public property located along a road or highway. They require regular maintenance, one of the most relevant reasons being the safety of road users, which implies for territory planners making decisions about the period of maintenance, frequency, the mowing height, or whether or not remove cut biomass from the roadside among others. As highlighted in previous studies, the maintenance strategy decided on has a range of positive and negative impacts on the ecosystem services provided by road verges. Today, however, there is a lack of a formal and holistic view of how these maintenance practices affect the ecosystem services (ES) provided by the roadside. In order to improve the sustainability management of these areas, this paper proposes to use the concept of causal diagrams from the systems theory and literature analysis. This concept helps to structure and represent the impact of road verge maintenance decisions on ES and their interrelationships through causal networks. Nine interrelated causal diagrams were then developed. These diagrams are the first attempt at a qualitative assessment of the impact of roadside management on ES. This work is the first step towards a formal holistic model to assess the sustainability impacts of road verges and the development of decision-making tools. • Road verges maintenance has a number of effects on the ecosystem services provided. • Road verge management decisions influence ecosystem services provided by road verges. • The maintenance of roadsides can be more sustainable with a holistic vision. • System-dynamic approaches fosters holistic and sustainability assessment. • A sustainable assessment model can help French decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycling in public spaces is both a mobility and a physical activity underpinned by considerable issues, but women practice significantly less, particularly during adolescence. A few studies have sought to study this phenomenon but mainly on the basis of social psychology theories. Based on 84 semi-structured biographical interviews conducted in France, this article aims to discuss their findings using gender, mobility and socialization sociology. We first show how a 'feminine' socialization to risk taking, body aesthetics, sport, street and mechanics is an obstacle to cycling during adolescence, especially in the working-class environment and all the more so in spatial contexts with strong norms of male appropriation of public space. We then show how the fact of having cyclists in one's social environment and a sporting inclination plays an important role in limiting the risk of abandonment. By highlighting processes of reinforcement of gendered bodily and spatial inclinations, our results shed light on the links between the socio-construction of inequalities in accessing public space and of inequalities in accessing physical activities. Furthermore, they encourage the study of bicycle socialisation in an intersectional way and suggest the interest of studying the links between urban, ecological, health, sport and mobility socialisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research comparatively analyses the cultural roots of Islamophobic policy in China and France using an interdisciplinary, literature-based approach. In China, Han sentiments of cultural superiority interact with the deep influence of Confucianism on Han culture; a history of ethnic conflict particularly between the Uyghurs and Han Chinese; and historical scars from the century of humiliation. This results in a hatred particularly of non-Sinicized Islam, which manifests in the persecution of the Muslim-majority Uyghur cultural group. In France, colonial arrogance interacts with an increase in immigration and consequent diversity after World War II resulting in a shift in laicité's focus towards minimising visible diversity. This centres on reducing the expression of Islam in public spaces and particularly focuses on Muslim women. In both contexts, then, cultural arrogance interacts with ethnic tensions to result in the perception that Islam that has not been homogenised is incompatible with the dominant culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban soils are a crucial component of urban ecosystems, especially in public green spaces, because of the ecosystem services they provide (e.g. public recreation, urban cooling or water infiltration). In this study, we describe the chemical, physical and hydrostructural characteristics of 180 forest and lawn surface soil samples, taken along an urban–rural gradient in the Paris region. This was done in order to identify how these soils have been affected by urbanization. Forests and lawns are the main vegetation types found in this region and represent 21% and 22.2% of the territory's surface area, respectively. Many of the properties of urban forest soils differed from those of other sites (e.g. texture, organic carbon content, total nitrogen and carbonate contents), possibly because the urban forests are much older than the lawns and because of the legacy of the historical management of soils in this region (Haussmann period). Urban lawn soils were more compacted than urban forests, probably due to higher foot traffic. The effects of urbanization were, at times, confounded with other factors (e.g. sandier texture of urban forests), which suggests that surface soil characteristics were influenced by past urban planning. Finally, this study constitutes a baseline analysis for the monitoring of soil quality in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Muslims have become more visibly invested in humanitarian work in France. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Marseille, this article examines local initiatives to care for precarious others whose lives are neither materially supported nor socially recognized within the current French political regime. Engaging with critical French scholarship on humanitarianism as care for others associated with emergency, suffering and the politics of compassion, I show how food-distribution (maraudes) by Muslim-run humanitarian associations also draw from Islamic ethics of care. While social dynamics related to gender, class, race and generation structure the maraudes, the foregrounding of shared precarity, and of religious duty and piety over pity, challenges the 'hierarchies of deservingness' established by humanitarian border regimes. In caring for precarious others, Muslims must navigate both the secular suspicion directed towards Islam and the securitization of migration. Carrying out the religious duty of helping those in need, they are 'laying claim to public space' for both Muslims and precarious migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]