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Background: A significant association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been reported, and their coexistence is not uncommon. We report a patient with concomitant migraine and RLS who showed improvement of both migraine and RLS symptoms after treatment with galcanezumab, a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody., Case Presentation: A 47-year-old woman had been treated in our outpatient headache clinic for migraine without aura. She had RLS since childhood and had been treated with dopamine agonists and α2δ ligands. Over the past 2 months, the patient suffered from frequent migraine headaches and worsening RLS symptoms, despite ongoing treatment. Therefore, galcanezumab was started. After 1 month, the number of headache days decreased from 20 to 4, and her score on the International RLS Study Group Rating Scale improved from 38 to 10. Her photo/phono/osmo-phobia were also markedly improved. The efficacy of galcanezumab for both headache and RLS was sustained over 5 months., Conclusion: We report a case of improvement of both migraine and RLS after treatment with CGRP monoclonal antibody. Additional studies are needed to clarify how CGRP antagonism affects RLS symptoms in patients with migraine and RLS comorbidity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: S Suzuki received lecture fees from Eli Lilly Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., outside of the submitted work. K Suzuki received lecture fees from Eli Lilly Japan, Daiichi Sankyo and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., outside of the submitted work. T Shiina received lecture fees from Eli Lilly Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., outside of the submitted work. S Kobayashi had nothing to disclose. K Hirata received lecture fees from Eli Lilly Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., outside of the submitted work., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Central sensitization (CS) is an increase in the responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to their normal afferent input. As a result, even minor irritation can induce severe pain, leading to the chronicity and severity of various diseases, such as neurological disorders. CS is associated with migraine, which is a major neurological disorder that inflicts a high disability in daily life. Specifically, CS is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous allodynia as well as chronification of migraine. In this article, we reviewed the association between CS and migraine, including pathophysiological aspects and evidence from clinical studies. We suggest that appropriate screening and management of CS in migraine could further improve the quality of life of migraine patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]