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The aim of this paper was to present the development of the journal Kinesiology - International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Kinesiology over the five decades of its publication through the analysis of the articles using bibliometric indicators. The sample consisted of 1083 articles published over the period of 50 years, from the 1st volume in 1971 until the 52nd volume in 2020. The analysis of the articles revealed that the most common articles were original scientific papers, while the least represented articles were categorized as conference papers. From 1971 to 1996, most articles were written in the Croatian language. However, in the period 1996-1999, the journal was published both in Croatian and English and since 2000 onwards exclusively in English. The cited references in the last decade of the journal's publication were analysed in order to point out the patterns of scientific communication in kinesiology and to determine the recognizability of the published papers at the international level. Since 2006, greater visibility of Kinesiology - International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Kinesiology has been enabled by providing access to full texts of publications through the Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia - Hrčak, whereas the articles published until the end of 2005 were retrogradely digitized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses three large, almost identical oval breverls from the eighteenth century burial contexts in present-day Republic of Croatia. Two of them were discovered during archaeological excavations in Žuberak and Prozorje, while the third one from Ližnjan had not been defined as breverl until now. Breverls are the rarest and most enigmatic devotional objects but the three analysed in this paper have a common link other than their appearance. They all contained religious medals from pilgrim sites and papers with the prayer against all evils and demonic attacks on one side and the blessings of saints, the prayer for the identification of those tortured by evil spirits, and the Prologue to John's Gospel on the other. This article compares the papers discovered in them, studies the motifs from the mentioned breverls and analyses other finds from them to provide answers to the questions of their place of production, the identity of the people who wore them and why. Tentative correlation of different bioarchaeological factors, such as age, sex, and health condition of the deceased can give us much information on who breverl bearers were. Apparently, they were the vulnerable members of society, such as pregnant women, people suffering from poor health, or, as prayers from the breverls suggest, individuals believed to be tortured by demons or evil spirits. Taking that into account, breverls were devotional objects believed to provide universal protection, a sort of medicine case for both physical and spiritual problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to explain what dimensions of the satisfaction of Croatian police officers with internal feedback are predictors of their readiness to explain their actions to citizens. The survey was conducted in 2020 on a convenience sample of 1260 police officers. The questionnaire measures satisfaction with feedback as one of eight dimensions of satisfaction with internal communication and police legitimacy in two dimensions of police and citizen interaction: accountability (citizens) – attitude and behaviour. The purpose is to compare feedback in internal and external police communication and examine to what extent the satisfaction of police officers with feedback contributes to the understanding of their attitudes and behaviour towards explaining actions to citizens. The results indicate the weak predictive power of variables that measure satisfaction with feedback in understanding the attitudes and behaviour of police officers related to explaining their actions to citizens. However, when introduced into the predictor model that contains the criterion variable "Behaviour related to explaining police actions to citizens" is the variable of attitude, the proportion of the variance explained increases significantly. The contribution of the paper is an analysis of the connection between internal and external communication of police officers in Croatia, and communication research is extremely important in police organizations in transition countries that undergo a transition from the traditional policing models to citizen-oriented policing models. A limitation of the paper is that only one aspect of internal communication has been examined in isolation. Therefore, new research should examine the complex nature of internal communication within a police organization in the context of the quality of police officers' relations with citizens, especially in relation to the willingness to explain police actions, as an important dimension of trust in the police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our image of the Roman landscape of Istria is characterised by large‐scale centuriation and architectural remains of Roman villae. Detection and mapping of other, less dramatic landscape features require systematic large‐scale prospection, but this faces significant difficulties in the Mediterranean environment. However, the developments in the field of airborne laser scanning offer the possibility to create archaeologically usable digital terrain models under water and under very dense and low maquis vegetation. This paper reports on the use of terrain models created using a green laser and a sophisticated archaeologically driven ground point filtering strategy. Combined with archaeological aerial photo interpretation, this provides the means for landscape mapping and interpretation that has revealed a wealth of archaeological structures hinting at Roman agricultural practices and landscape. Our case study is based on a laser scan of about 24 km2 of land and underwater terrain in Medulin Bay. Processed, visualised and interpreted for archaeological purposes, the data reveal not only features ranging from prehistoric hilltop settlements to modern military installations but also features a complex picture of the Roman land use. Of particular interest is the large number of planting pits, which extend over a total length of 4 km. They were laid on a regular grid of approximately 35 × 35 m, sometimes combined in contiguous parcels. They can be interpreted as remains of orchards or tree nurseries of Roman date, and the paper examines also the question of whether they can be linked to the associated Roman estates. The case study area presented here shows that the potential of remote sensing methods goes far beyond the mere finding of traditional sites but can open up new landscape‐scale perspectives on regions that have been archaeologically little explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the organization of students' internship in new circumstances caused by COVID-19 pandemic. The focus of the research is on the IT companies in eastern part of Croatia and their perspective on how they managed students' internship during and after the lockdown. Some of these IT companies successfully cooperate with the Department of Information Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Osijek. Since 2015 the Department enrolls students in graduate study of Information Technology track. From that time students used to do their internship and later find employment in IT companies in the region. The well based cooperation with local IT companies was interrupted in 2020 by the COVID-19 lockdown and semi-lockdown. In such a situation, teachers and IT companies' managers have been trying to find out the proper ways in which students could fulfill their tasks via online or hybrid mode. To learn more about the experience from the perspective of IT companies, we interviewed 18 of them. The paper points out the observed advantages and disadvantages as well as suggestions for setting a framework for future internship programs. Employers are thinking about continuing to perform online or hybrid internships, and it is clear to them that one of the answers is well defined and regulated model of internships in the online environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decade of research concentrating on the area of Eastern Slavonia revealed an abundance of large and complex Middle and Late Neolithic sites. It changed profoundly how we perceive Middle and Late Neolithic settlements, including space, size and organization. The vast majority of these sites were detected through aerial reconnaissance and satellite image analysis. The observation of the sites was followed by intensive field surveys, which confirmed their attribution to the Middle and Late Neolithic period by surface finds. On those confirmed sites in the vicinity of Đakovo, Croatia, a magnetic survey was conducted on five sites, and the results confirmed the presence of large-scale Middle and Late Neolithic settlements with complex spatial organization and enclosure(s). The most complex remains so far are the sites Gorjani, Kremenjača and Topole, which we present in this paper, where one or two settlements remain covering an area of 70 hectares which is currently in the process of formal protection as a cultural landscape by the Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia. The special focus of this paper is the application of remote sensing in the detection, archaeological confirmation and protection of the site of Gorjani Topole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, an important number of regional and global digital elevation models (DEMs) have been released publicly. As a consequence, researchers need to choose between several of these models to perform their studies and to use these DEMs as third-party data to compute derived products (e.g., for orthorectification). However, the comparison of DEMs is not trivial. For most quantitative comparisons, DEMs need to be expressed in the same coordinate reference system (CRS) and sampled over the same grid (i.e., be at the same ground sampling distance with the same pixel-is-area or pixel-is-point convention) with heights relative to the same vertical reference system (VRS). Thankfully, many open tools allow us to perform these transformations precisely and easily. Despite these rigorous transformations, local or global planimetric displacements may still be observed from one DEM to another. These displacements or disparities may lead to significant biases in comparisons of DEM elevations or derived products such as slope, aspect, or curvature. Therefore, before any comparison, the control of DEM planimetric accuracy is certainly a very important task to perform. This paper presents the disparity analysis method enhanced to achieve a sub-pixel accuracy by interpolating the linear regression coefficients computed within an exploration window. This new method is significantly faster than oversampling the input data because it uses the correlation coefficients that have already been computed in the disparity analysis. To demonstrate the robustness of this algorithm, artificial displacements have been introduced through bicubic interpolation in an 11 × 11 grid with a 0.1-pixel step in both directionsThis validation method has been applied in four approximately 10 km × 10 km DEMIX tiles showing different roughness (height distribution). Globally, this new sub-pixel accuracy method is robust. Artificial displacements have been retrieved with typical errors (eb) ranging from 12 to 20% of the pixel size (with the worst case in Croatia). These errors in displacement retrievals are not equally distributed in the 11 × 11 grid, and the overall error Eb depends on the roughness encountered in the different tiles. The second aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the bicubic parameter (slope of the weight function at a distance d = 1 of the interpolated point) on the accuracy of the displacement retrieval. By considering Eb as a quality indicator, tests have been performed in the four DEMIX tiles, making the bicubic parameter vary between −1.5 and 0.0 by a step of 0.1. For each DEMIX tile, the best bicubic (BBC) parameter b* is interpolated from the four Eb minimal values. This BBC parameter b* is low for flat areas (around −0.95) and higher in mountainous areas (around −0.75). The roughness indicator is the standard deviation of the slope norms computed from all the pixels of a tile. A logarithmic regression analysis performed between the roughness indicator and the BBC parameter b* computed in 67 DEMIX tiles shows a high correlation (r = 0.717). The logarithmic regression formula b ~ σ s l o p e estimating the BBC parameter from the roughness indicator is generic and may be applied to estimate the displacements between two different DEMs. This formula may also be used to set up a future Adaptative Best BiCubic (ABBC) that will estimate the local roughness in a sliding window to compute a local BBC b ~ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the financing of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Republic of Croatia. The fundamental goal of the paper is to determine the most common forms of funding sources used by entrepreneurs classified as SMEs, as well as the advantages and disadvantages that each financing model brings. The article pays special attention to financing methods that are less known to the average Croatian entrepreneur, such as peer-to-peer lending, initial coin offering, and security token offering. Unlike the banking system, which serves as an indirect financial system, modern forms of financing allow SMEs to raise funds directly from borrowers. To obtain the most relevant information from practice, the article presents the results of conducted research on financing models for SMEs in Croatia, with a particular focus on the awareness of entrepreneurs about new and contemporary forms of financing. Research was carried out in the form of a survey questionnaire created using Google Forms. The sample for the research consisted of 145 SMEs companies, selected to represent the population from various sectors of activity according to the national categorization of activities, from which 14.48% responded to the survey questionnaire. Research showed a higher rate of awerenes and the utilization of traditional forms of financing compared to modern ones. However, it also indicates a certain readiness to embrace the latter. Although the share of modern forms of financing remains small, research revealed that they constitute an appropriate alternative to traditional banking systems, both as a relatively solid investment channel and as a way to obtain loans with convenient terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses sexting from an interdisciplinary perspective through a normative analysis of the new criminal offense of the misuse of recordings of sexually explicit content (Art. 144a, CC) introduced in 2021 in the Croatian Criminal Code. Based on the legislative framework and empirical study analysis, we provide conclusions on the adequacy of the existing criminal provisions with implications for future research, and present empirical findings from a 2020 online survey on sexting experiences and risky sexual behaviour with 724 adolescents (Ngirls = 534, 73,8%) aged 14–22. Older adolescents reported significantly higher sexting perpetration. Lower school achievers reported higher sexting victimization. Non-heterosexual participants reported more sexting perpetration. Participants with more sexual partners scored higher for both sexting perpetration and victimization. Sexting perpetration correlated to the group of older adolescents with lower school attainment and academic achievement who reported less family relationships satisfaction. Sexters reported more risky behaviour, higher media use intensity and more sexual knowledge, but less sexual media content exposure. Sexting positively correlated to the number of sexual partners and the relationship duration. Male gender, older age, risky behaviour, higher media use intensity, better general sexual knowledge and the number of sexual partners represented significant predictors of sexting perpetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various factors influence wildfire probability, including land use/land cover (LULC), fuel types, and their moisture content, meteorological conditions, and terrain characteristics. The Adriatic Sea coastal area in Croatia has a long record of devastating wildfires that have caused severe ecological and economic damages as well as the loss of human lives. Assessing the conditions favorable for wildfires and the possible damages are crucial in fire risk management. Adriatic settlements and ecosystems are highly vulnerable, especially during summer, when the pressure from tourist migration is the highest. However, available fire risk models designed to fit the macro-scale level of assessment cannot provide information detailed enough to meet the decision-making conditions at the local level. This paper describes a model designed to assess wildfire risks at the meso-scale, focusing on environmental and anthropogenic descriptors derived from moderate- to high-resolution remote sensing data (Sentinel-2), Copernicus Land Monitoring Service datasets, and other open sources. Risk indices were integrated using the multi-criteria decision analysis method, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), in a GIS environment. The model was tested in three coastal catchments, each having recently experienced severe fire events. The approach successfully identified zones at risk and the level of risk, depending on the various environmental and anthropogenic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important aspects of making the 1990 Croatian Constitutional Court was the 'establishment of an independent and potentially powerful' court. For the first time since 1963, the Court obtained full powers of judicial review. Yet, despite its newly gained powers, the Croatian Constitutional Court refrained from an activist approach adopted by other constitutional courts in the region and was not fond of annulling laws adopted by the legislator. One possible explanation of such a conformist approach was the ideological consonance between the centre-right legislative and the centre-right Court. Most of the constitutional judges were appointed by the centre-right party (HDZ), which held the majority in the Parliament during the first decade of the country's independence. However, recent years have witnessed an increase in the dissenting opinions, following the nomination of five judges from the centre-left opposition (SDP) to a predominantly centre-right Court. Based on the large-scale data collection efforts, this paper looks into the origin of these nominations, as well as their effect on the emergance of dissenting opinion and the growing ideological polarisation on the Court, which changed the relationship between judicial and legislative powers in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of seismic activity precursors as part of an alarm system will provide opportunities for minimization of the social and economic impact caused by earthquakes. It has long been envisaged, and a growing body of empirical evidence suggests that the Earth's electromagnetic field could contain precursors to seismic events. The ability to capture and monitor electromagnetic field activity has increased in the past years as more sensors and methodologies emerge. Missions such as Swarm have enabled researchers to access near-continuous observations of electromagnetic activity at second intervals, allowing for more detailed studies on weather and earthquakes. In this paper, we present an approach designed to detect anomalies in electromagnetic field data from Swarm satellites. This works towards developing a continuous and effective monitoring system of seismic activities based on SWARM measurements. We develop an enhanced form of a probabilistic model based on the Martingale theories that allow for testing the null hypothesis to indicate abnormal changes in electromagnetic field activity. We evaluate this enhanced approach in two experiments. Firstly, we perform a quantitative comparison on well-understood and popular benchmark datasets alongside the conventional approach. We find that the enhanced version produces more accurate anomaly detection overall. Secondly, we use three case studies of seismic activity (namely, earthquakes in Mexico, Greece, and Croatia) to assess our approach and the results show that our method can detect anomalous phenomena in the electromagnetic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the language of diplomatic mediation from the perspective of speech acts and interaction, by studying an unofficial transcript of an emergency meeting in 1991 between representatives of the European Economic Community (EEC) and Slovenia and Croatia. We use a bottom-up methodology, bringing together ritual, speech acts and interaction, to capture recurrent conventions of diplomatic mediation in a strictly language-anchored fashion. The EEC representatives had a vested interest in swiftly resolving the conflict, and even before consulting with the Slovenian and Croatian representatives they already reached an initial agreement with the Yugoslav state representatives. Due to this fait accompli situation, we assume that they had to show particular awareness of the ritually 'neutral' tone of the mediator. Through our methodology we capture the replicable features of diplomatic mediation, and because of this our results are relevant for the study of the language of diplomacy. • Uses a bottom-up approach to analyse conventions of mediation in diplomatic language use in times of conflict • Brings together ritual, speech act and interaction in the study of diplomatic language use • Captures covert aggression in diplomatic interaction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's children are growing up and spending most of their free time with media, especially social networks, on which various lifestyles are imposed every day, including ideals of beauty that are often based on physical appearance and far from authentic images of the observed object. In this paper, it is shown how the topic of beauty is presented throughout the history of art, with a special focus on the presentation of beauty in theology. Additionally, the paper investigates how much the topic of beauty is treated within the Croatian formal education system, with a particular emphasis on the representation of beauty and to what extent children are prepared to critically evaluate the representation of beauty in different types of media, but also to reflect on the potential impact of such content on themselves. Research has shown that most such content is present in the subjects of Visual Culture, Visual Arts, Croatian Language and Informatics. The paper also presents such contents in the Catholic religious education curricula. In addition to imposed media ideals of beauty affecting childrens' self-confidence, they are often the subject of peer violence, especially in the virtual world. Specifically, humiliation based on physical appearance is a common form of cyberbullying. To determine how physical appearance is used in such unacceptable behavior among children, all the posts that have arrived on UHO, the first online platform for the prevention of cyberbullying in Croatia, were analyzed. Research has shown that girls report such forms of abuse more often than boys, that cyberbullying based on appearance most often occurs inside closed groups or private messages rather than publicly on social networks, and that children rarely report to adults that they are the victims of such forms of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the sexual behaviors of young people, sexting is increasingly being scientifically researched. Contemporary analyses clearly reveal young people are habitually using the Internet and social networks in the context of sexuality. These analyses are usually presented within a psychological aspect, and almost never with the context of criminal law. The aim of this paper is first to review the characteristics of sexting, focusing on its definitions, frequency, features, and determinants. We tackle a developmental perspective and potential negative consequences exploring the phenomena within the context of criminal law. Considering that the possibilities of criminal law development leading to sexting sanctioning have not yet been problematized, the second part of the paper pioneers the relationship between sexting and existing incriminations within the Croatian criminal law system, to answer the question of the sanctioning needs and possibilities. The insights provide the first criminal law perspective on sexting sanctioning in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism represents an important determinant of global recognition and regional growth and development of the Republic of Croatia, especially the coastal part of the country. However, there is no doubt that any tourism activity has strong economic, socio-cultural, social, and environmental effects. Mass tourism brings numerous advantages. However, the growing concentration of tourists also leads to negative effects, of which residents are the most affected. Šibenik is a tourist town whose development is primarily based on tourism, and this destination, due to its centuries-old history and geographic location, is attractive to tourists. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which tourism affects the quality of life of the local population based on a preliminary survey of a sample of residents of the city of Šibenik. This paper aims to investigate in detail the practical aspects of tourism. The respondents' perceptions and tourism's real, tangible, and measurable effects will be analyzed to draw valuable conclusions. This approach enables a deeper understanding of the impact of tourism on various aspects of society and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dinara Mountain massif is recognized as an area of exceptional value, which led to its recent protection as a nature park, the second largest one in Croatia. The protected area includes the territory of two counties with four cities and nine municipalities, five of which are included with over 50% of the territory. The paper explains how landscape planning methods establish potential spatial conflicts and propose a compromise between landscape conservation and spatial development. The basic method was the identification and analysis of the landscape value models in 3 categories: natural, visual-experiential, and cultural-historical values. The creation of the models is preceded by a detailed analysis of all environmental components and the collection and creation of spatial data with the help of GIS tools. By overlapping the basic models, a cumulative model of the overall landscape values of the space is produced, which clearly shows which parts of the landscape have a higher value, regarding the protection requirements. The final value model is overlapped with the planned interventions and a clear overview of the vulnerability and possible conflict zones in the area is obtained. The paper describes the impact of individual interventions on the landscape qualities that need to be preserved and suggests guidelines for spatial plan corrections for the purpose of minimal impact on existing values, thus helping to prevent unwanted changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to establish a dialogue with modern man, who lives in a culture marked by great challenges, church documents put a great emphasis on the via pulchritudinis. The via pulchritudinis, i.e., the way of beauty, is considered to be a privileged way of achieving dialogue. Awareness of the importance of beauty, in close connection with goodness and truth, is increasingly present in the theological and the religious–pedagogical thought. One of the specific questions related to education for beauty refers to the education of a person who is called to transform his or her life into a "work of art". This paper reflects on only one specific aspect of the issue of shaping human beauty/goodness, that is, people's "humanity", in connection with the challenges of increasingly complex coexistence in diversity. Globalization and migration trends, primarily by complicating life together/coexistence, pose certain challenges to man as an individual, as well as to the entire society, especially the challenge that is coexistence of different cultures and religions. Since these problems also penetrate school classrooms, education systems are expected to provide appropriate responses. The paper consists of two parts. In the theoretical part, two specific fundamental issues related to the education of a person's "humanity" in the atmosphere of "conflict culture" are considered: the issue of comprehensive education following the ancient connection of beauty and goodness, as well as the issue of education for coexistence. The second part presents the results of the research which was carried out in the Republic of Croatia and which aimed to examine the presence of curriculum content that enables the acquisition of religious–dialogical competence, using the method of text analysis. In more exact terms, faced with the challenges that arise from a society burdened with misunderstanding, violence and hostility, often linked with a religious affiliation and worldviews, we ask ourselves the following question: to what extent is the contemporary education system in the Republic of Croatia, at the level of its curricula, open to the comprehensive development of students, especially in terms of the development of the religious–dialogical dimension, necessary for living a good and beautiful life in the modern multicultural and multireligious world? The results reveal a different, mostly insufficient, openness of the curriculum to the religious dimension of intercultural education. That is one of the reasons why the education system does not seem to be open to the development of the knowledge, attitudes and skills necessary for a harmonious and "beautiful" coexistence in modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective -- Burn injuries (BI) are a great threat to children and are a significant therapeutic challenge. They demand prompt attention to avoid infection and scarring. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the demographic and clinical characteristics of BI in children treated in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), University Hospital of Split (UHS). Patients and Methods -- The data of patients with BI admitted to the PICU from 2010 through 2022 were collected retrospectively from medical documentation. The subjects were analysed and stratified into groups according to age, sex, cause of burn, percentage of affected total body surface area (TBSA) and length of stay (LOS) in the PICU. Results -- A total of 20 children were treated. Of these, 14 were boys and 6 were girls. The most common cause of burns in children was skin contact with hot liquids (60%). Burns affecting 10 to <20% of TBSA were found in 60% children. Children with TBSA <15% were significantly older than those with TBSA ≥15% (6.9±6.3 years vs. 1.9±1.9 years; P=0.022). The mean LOS in the PICU was 3.7 days. Most children had burns on their chest, legs and arms. Conclusion -- There were no deaths or serious associated injuries, but burns caused significant morbidity, and disrupted the children's physical and emotional stability. As BI are preventable, awareness should be raised and burn prevention programmes should be encouraged, especially those intended for toddlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime pilgrimage of Our Lady of Tarac in the Kornati islands, Dalmatia, Croatia, is held on the first Sunday in July. The culture of these island communities is based on a patriarchal system that implies gender inequality. This cultural order has an impact on the construction of gender and religious identities in children and adults when they participate in pilgrimages. The basic methodological approach of the paper is autoethnography. The author concludes that the model of cryptomatriarchy along with the dominant patriarchy well explains well the role of women/mothers and grandmothers in the context of the pilgrimage. The pilgrimage also serves as a framework for transferring gender roles to children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper evaluates the usability of remote satellite-based and proximal ground-based agrometeorological data sources for precision agriculture and crop production in Croatia. The compared agrometeorological datasets stem from the open-access data sources Copernicus CDS and the Agri4Cast portal, and commercial in situ agrometeorological stations (PinovaMeteo) which monitor environmental parameters relevant to the physiological state of crops. The study compares relevant parameters for 10 different locations in Croatia for three consecutive years (2019, 2020, and 2021) to investigate whether model-based data from ERA5-Land and Agri4Cast are well-correlated with ground measurements from independent in situ stations (PinovaMeteo) for specific agrometeorological parameters (air and soil temperature, and precipitation). Our results indicate the following: both the ERA5-Land and Agri4Cast datasets show mostly strong positive correlations with ground observations for air temperature, modest correlations for soil temperature, but modest or even low correlations for precipitation. Analysis of the residuals indicates higher overall residual values, especially in areas with complex topography and near large bodies of water or the sea, and deviations of residuals that may limit the usability of satellite- and model-based data for decision-making in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Grasshopper and cricket (Orthoptera) mass occurrences represent an unusually large increase in populations of certain species. Grasshopper species known as locusts are well known to cause severe damage to many crops. The severity of each outbreak depends on the species and on a wide range of ecological factors, including temperature and rainfall regime. In Croatia, a small country in SE Europe, there has never been systematic research on these Orthoptera species, and this phenomenon is regarded as a rare event despite several huge outbreaks being reported in the past. For the first time, all known mass occurrences of grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, bush-crickets, and mole crickets (of the order Orthoptera) from Croatia are summarized. The study represents a historical overview of all Orthoptera mass occurrences known based on the literature but also provides many new records. It seems that Orthoptera mass occurrences are not rare in the country at all, especially in the Mediterranean part. The present situation suggests that thorough research into locusts as agricultural pests in Croatia should be conducted to determine the potential threat to the local economy and with special emphasis on the Adriatic region. The trends of climate change in the Mediterranean imply a rise in locust destructiveness risk in the near future and invites further research. During the last century, well-known locust species, such as Calliptamus italicus and Dociostaurus maroccanus, have produced outbreaks of varying degrees in the Balkans. The literature data on outbreaks in the region are scarce, and Croatia is not an exception. This study summarized the data on 23 Orthoptera mass occurrences in Croatia from 1900 to 2023 from 28 localities, representing 12 species. This is a low level of outbreak activity compared with other locust and pest grasshopper species in other parts of the world. The species with the most reporting is C. italicus with altogether six mass occurrences, while second is Barbitistes ocskayi and Miramella irena with three records, and in the third, place D. maroccanus and Gryllotalpa sp., each with two mass occurrences having been reported. One of the most notable swarms is that of Anacridium aegyptium which occurred around Šibenik in 1998, and this paper provides the first account of it, 25 years after it took place. The most recent outbreaks took place in 2022, and the most notable one was that of D. maroccanus swarm in Štikovo. The 2022 and 2023 reports were brief and muted, despite the affected agriculturists claiming significant damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good and effective communication is in the common interest of the interlocutor, especially in a medical setting, which creates a specific relationship of trust, and directly influences the outcomes of a medical treatment. The aim of this research is to evaluate the role of information in creating communication feedback in the clinical practice of physiotherapists. To analyse the communication feedback of physiotherapists, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire on 471 physiotherapists employed in 74 healthcare institutions in Croatia. The research hypothesis in this paper assumes that there are no differences in the assessment of communication feedback among physiotherapists with regard to age and years of experience. However, the results show that there are significant differences in the assessment of communication feedback among physiotherapists. This is an important finding, which underlines that an issue that cannot be solved by medical knowledge alone can be resolved by effective communication when combined with a certain technique and way of communicating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of affiliation by developing a contextually sensitive mid-level theory comprising specific elements, layers, and factors of affiliation. Vulnerable groups are a locus of analysis because they are particularly sensitive to various forms of social exclusion or non-affiliation. A binary study of persons with physical disability and treated alcoholics in Croatia was conducted by focus group interviewing. Through thematic analysis, six different code patterns were detected—solidarity affiliation, identity affiliation, alcoholism affiliation, disability affiliation, disability exclusion, and alcoholism exclusion—that represent key respondents' narratives on belonging. Crucial findings stress how vulnerable groups ground affiliation mostly in elements of solidarity rather than in terms of identity, how layers of affiliation (social and associational affiliation) are not so clearly differentiated but still deepen insights on affiliation, and how important factors enhancing affiliation are personal virtues which are not so prominent in theory. Therefore, the role of political institutions supporting affiliation as a meta-capability should be primarily set on solidarity affiliation, should nourish various layers of affiliation, and should be supported by citizens who care about their fellow citizens, especially those from vulnerable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercultural education and the pedagogy of recognition are among the fundamental dimensions of contemporary education in European schools. The recognition of the role that learning about religions and drawing lessons from them plays in creating a cohesive society is becoming more widespread. European educational policies suggest integrating intercultural competence into the professional identity of teachers in all subjects, including religious education teachers. Intercultural learning is a constitutive part of shaping the identity of all religious communities. The intercultural sensitivity of religious education teachers, along with attitudes and behaviours that reflect openness, adaptability, and communication with those of different cultural and religious backgrounds, influences the development of intercultural competence in students. This paper examines differences in the intercultural sensitivity of religious education teachers from various religious communities in Croatia in relation to their intercultural experiences, gender, and acquired theoretical knowledge. The research utilised a quantitative methodology, and the analysis of results incorporated descriptive and differential statistics (t-test). Although the teachers demonstrated a relatively high level of intercultural sensitivity, differences were still evident among the groups. Understanding the concept of the religious dimension of intercultural education emerged as a significant factor influencing the ethnorelative or ethnocentric attitudes and behaviours of religious education teachers. Differences observed in intercultural experiences and gender lead to the conclusion that there is a need to create equal opportunities in intercultural education for both men and women. Additionally, there is a need to increase opportunities for intercultural exchanges and encounters with members of other cultures and religions to enable teachers to develop a more open identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first results of palynological research from the Spila nad Procjepom cave, situated in the Mljet National Park, Croatia. The palynological data obtained, enables a partial insight into the local vegetation cover, temporal changes in the vegetation during the accumulation of studied deposits (at ca. 3500 cal years BP), and post-depositional processes that influenced the palynomorph assemblage. Results of palynofacies analysis indicate changes from fluvial (channel deposits), through palustrine to terrestrial environments. Although the interpretation of changes in plant cover, due to the lack of statistical significance, should be taken with caution, preserved pollen types confirm the dominance of the Mediterranean evergreen forest vegetation on Mljet island. Moreover, a high proportion of non-arboreal pollen (NAP) indicates some level of forest degradation, ranging from Mediterranean open forest to degraded maquis. Abundant charcoal additionaly confirms that the cave was inhabited by humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses discourses and policies of citizenship and immigration in Croatia, with a special focus on marketization and culturalisation of citizenship. Along with many other Central and Eastern European states, Croatia is commonly studied as a model case of ethnonationalism. This study seeks to warn that in an ethnocentric state, there can also be other important notions of deservingness that structure one's route to membership today, showing us that we need to move beyond an exclusive focus on ethnonationalism. The paper explores how socioeconomic status and (ethno)cultural origin impact the ability of non-ethnics to claim and receive citizenship rights. The research focuses on two cultural groups: traditional immigrant populations coming from post-Yugoslav states and the new immigrant groups coming from countries in the Middle East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper is based on data collected within the framework of the Inter-Connect PLUS project, with a focus on incorporating new norms before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was conducted in four countries of the Adriatic-Ionian (ADRION) Region: Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, and Albania. The collected data from the survey was analyzed to draw conclusions about the travel modes citizens used before, during, and are willing to use after the pandemic. The paper closes with recommendations, in the form of a Roadmap, highlighting the potential positive impact of the pandemic on the future of sustainable mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positioning of large energy facilities is, as a rule, accompanied by a strong rejection of local and regional communities, without which it is not possible to determine the location and construction conditions for the facility in spatial plans. However, a synergy of three components may enable a successful project realization. Firstly, the application of verified and objective scientific methods for the selection of the most appropriate LNG terminal location. Secondly, the consideration of the best world practices in project documentation preparation for such terminal construction. And lastly, the continuous involvement of the local community into the entire process. The paper presents an approach aimed at solving the problem of choice by applying the methodology of choosing the “best compromise location” based on system characteristics, available data, set criteria, and limitations. The key “dimension” of such a problem is “space”, i.e. the spatial aspects of location selection. The paper provides an overview of the activities, procedures, and methods used to define the optimal location of the receiving LNG terminal in the Republic of Croatia as part of the analysis and research carried out by EKONERG and in the function of creating the Spatial Plan of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. Accordingly, the main objective of this paper was to highlight the specifics of LNG terminal site selection as well as the possibility of objectively defining the optimal location using the multi-criteria decision-making method that simultaneously takes into account all infl uential factors and criteria in defining it. The paper uses the methodology of multi-attribute decision process and multicriteria analysis of the selection of the optimal location of the LNG terminal on the territory of PrimorjeGorski Kotar County. It systematically and scientifically analyses, consistently formulates, and proposes elimination and comparative criteria necessary to determine the optimal location of the LNG terminal for the purpose of drafting regional level spatial planning documents. The presented methodology was carried out using the process of multicriteria ranking of variants. The method of weighted sum values was used. Weighting factors are determined partly in an exact way (where possible) and partly based on the application of Delphi group decision-making methods. The methodology was tested on a concrete example of variant analysis for the location of LNG terminals in the Republic of Croatia. By implementing the presented methodology, the location of the northern part of the island of Krk was determined as optimal for the location of the LNG terminal. The aforementioned was implemented in the Spatial Plan of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, and the first phase of the receiving LNG terminal was built and put into full operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the development of a triangulation network in the time of Napoleon I, when, due to imperial expansion, the extension of the existing triangulation network was necessary to extend Cassini's original map of France to the newly conquered territories of the French Empire. For this purpose, triangulators had to connect the already existing regional networks with the basic French network, as well as establish completely new ones in regions where they had not existed until then. Connecting various networks into a single chain was not only aimed at improving the accuracy of maps; it was also a clear reflection of a new understanding of territorial sovereignty. This paper examines which networks were established within modern-day northern Italy and maritime Croatia, and how they were mutually harmonized and interconnected, as well as what kind of repercussions this had on the development of mapping and map standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Library and information science (LIS) as a discipline is constantly changing in line with the trends of the profession, so in order to ensure that LIS curriculum in higher education addresses the needs of contemporary stakeholders, evidence-based evaluation is needed. Student satisfaction has become an important factor in considering the success of the institution of higher education. The studies on student motivation for enrolling in LIS programs are many, but papers on student perception of satisfaction with their LIS study programs are rarer. This paper focuses on the efforts of ensuring curriculum quality of the LIS program at the graduate level of study at the Department of Information Sciences of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Osijek, Croatia. The main aim of the study was to determine how satisfied the students are with the quality of their study program and to identify its strengths and weaknesses. The study was carried out by anonymous online survey in which the students were asked to rate their satisfaction with the study program and the obtained professional and lifelong learning competences. While findings of the study are relevant for the revision of the LIS study program at the Osijek Department, this study can also have larger implications for LIS education trends globally, for it has confirmed some of the results from international studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, celebrity populism has become increasingly prevalent in politics worldwide. However, the relationship between populism and celebrity politics is not straightforward, and more research is needed to understand how these two concepts intersect. The authors of this paper argue that a more nuanced understanding of celebrity populism is necessary to identify and analyze its various forms. By analyzing the communication strategies of the three populist candidates in the 2019–2020 Croatian presidential election, this paper empirically investigates how celebrity populism manifests in practice. The authors use their proposed conceptualization to classify the candidates based on their use of populist and celebrity strategies. This allows for a more granular understanding of the different ways in which celebrity and populism can be combined in politics. The findings suggest that celebrity populism can take on different forms depending on the specific context and characteristics of the candidates. Moreover, the authors argue that celebrity populism is a strategy that can be effective in gaining popularity and mobilizing voters, particularly in countries where trust in political institutions is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to research methods of in-service training of local servants in Croatian local self-government. The research conducted in the paper aims to contribute to scientific literature given that this area is relatively poorly researched and to determine to what extent the in-service training model is in accordance with the strategic model of human potentials development. To determine this, a legal analysis, an assessment of available documents on training programs and reports on local budgets in Croatian cities is being carried out. To examine more deeply the trends in the training of local servants and to answer the paper research question, a questionnaire was sent to Croatian cities. It is concluded that the importance of local servants training, which the scientific and professional literature strongly emphasizes, has not yet been recognized in Croatia as the legal framework does not emphasize the importance of training nor encourage its modernization, while at the same time very little funds for training are allocated from local budgets. The analysis of the questionnaire shows that the new trends in the training of local servants are very poorly represented and that ultimately the traditional (administrative) model of human potentials management still prevails in Croatian local and regional self-government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of systematic mapping of water quality in the water areas of Croatian marinas hinders visualization and understanding of potential cumulative impact of marinas on the environment. The main goal of the research subject of this paper is forming an atlas of environmental risks and water area quality in Croatian marinas by implementing model of Marina Environmental Risk Assessment - MERA. Within the implemented model, input data are concrete and current data obtained through the questionnaire submitted to the management structures of Croatian marinas, which is an additional practical value of model and reasearch results. The implemented methodology and risk model of the impact of Croatian marinas on the environment in this paper provides an insight into the current situation and represents a significant basis for managing environmental risks and the quality of water areas in Croatian marinas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurs often use various sources of financing to finalise an entrepreneurial idea. Crowdfunding on specialised internet platforms is an alternative method for collecting funds from several small sources for business investments and projects. The biggest difference between crowdfunding and other forms of financing is that crowdfunding uses smaller amounts of money from many investors interested in a business idea. Crowdfunding has been globally known for over a decade, and in Croatia, the interest has been growing for several years. The paper aims to demonstrate the importance and potential of crowdfunding, which, as a collective micro-investment of citizens, can serve as an alternative funding source for entrepreneurial ventures. The paper presents the research results conducted in Croatia based on the data collected through survey research. The paper investigates the knowledge and familiarity with the term and motives for investing through crowdfunding platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The primary goal of this paper is to explore the current adoption level of voice-controlled intelligent personal assistants in a non-English speaking country. The focus was set on attitudes and perceptions of users and non-users related to benefits and barriers of intelligent personal assistants’ adoption, privacy, and security issues. Method. The research was conducted on a sample of 310 Croatian mobile users utilising an online survey and an adopted research framework. Analysis. Statistical analysis used in the paper includes descriptive and inferential statistical methods, i.e., parametric and nonparametric tests (binary logistic regression, independent samples t-test, and Pearson’s correlation). Results. Based on the collected data, the adoption rate of intelligent personal assistants was generally low but present. Users tend to use such devices for fun and convenience, using their hands-free capabilities along with personalized task and information-seeking options. In contrast, non-users suggest that the main barriers to intelligent personal assistants’ adoption were low perceived usefulness and functionality issues in addition to a lack of usage habits and related lack of experience. Conclusion. The paper provides an examination of the differences between intelligent personal assistants’ users and non-users and their perception related to privacy and security issues associated with trust in companies’ appropriate use of their data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author explores the prospect of, and the rationale for, the critical workplace information literacy (CWIL) construct, by situating it at the junction of critical information literacy (CIL) and workplace information literacy (WIL), the two hitherto discrete frameworks and subdomains of information literacy (IL). This preliminary attempt at the conceptualisation of a new construct was guided by the question of what role CIL can play in empowering workers to attain decent work. The author frames the conceptualisation around the 'decent work' (DW) concept, as a normative goal of the critical workplace information literacy construct, and discusses the rationale for it in the framework of the discussion on the decent work deficits in the contemporary work and information environment. Freire's critical hermeneutics and dialectics of voice and empowerment are drawn upon. The paper argues positively for the role of CIL in attaining decent work and for the need for a new construct that would help fill the knowledge and discursive gap in IL and its subdomains and overcome the current silos in the IL community. The author concludes that developing a concept requires a broad deliberative process informed by both theoretical and empirical research, and gives suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Omiš is characterised by an exceptional layering of its natural environment and historical architecture, which is why its modern achievements have not been fully researched so far. The aim of this scientific paper is a more comprehensive study of the modern architecture of Omiš of the second half of the 20th century. Its architectural corpus has remained in the shadow of modern architectural realisations of the nearby city of Split, which belongs to the same prominent protagonists of modernity. Work methods in this paper have included the analysis of primary and secondary sources and research of the current situation in the field. This work, for the first time, gives a systematic presentation of the modern architecture of this picturesque town while the elements of the author's expression integrate features of modern architecture and reinterpret the tradition of life in the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the general approach to pilgrimage as established by anthropologists and other scientists, the paper analyses the pilgrimage in Nin to Our Lady of Zečevo. More specifically, this pilgrimage will be observed as a maritime pilgrimage, following relevant recent research. Based on the oral story about the apparition of Virgin Mary to a widow, the statue of Mary is transported from Nin in a boat procession via sea to a mediaeval church on the nearby uninhabited island of Zečevo. Pilgrimage practices include many sensorial and symbolic practices, so it will be analysed from several points of view and more than one theoretical approach, including the relational approach and mobility turn, applied also to maritime pilgrimage with a reflection on influence of tourism on pilgrimage activities, especially in the Mediterranean. The paper relies on the field research from 2020–2023 in Nin near Zadar in Croatia which has been supported in part by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project 'PILGRIMAR' (UIP-2019-04-8226). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe a numerical model for unsteady stratified flow without mixing at the interface (halocline), which was applied for the calculation of salinization in the Neretva River (Croatia) i.e. the first line of penetration. The mathematical model is based on the principles of conservation of mass and momentum. Since, the set of equations does not have analytical solution it is solved numerically, e.g. through finite element method (FEM). Computed variables are water discharges and elevations for each layer separately in each point of finite element mesh. Calibration of the model is based on in-situ measurements. The most important factor for salt water intrusion in an estuary is the fresh water discharge. In the Neretva estuary, salt water was found in Metkovic (22 km from the sea) for freshwater flows of less than 180 m3/s, while for flows greater than 500 m3/s salt water was completely extruded from the riverbed. The plan is to build a mobile barrier (gate) in the Neretva River to protect it against sea water penetration. Additionally, upstream of the barrier, fresh water would be provided in the riverbed that could be primarily used for irrigation. The same numerical model has been also successfully applied to the estuary of the Jadro River, a small river near Split. Since the model is general, it can be applied on any river mouth with stratified conditions. The projections of sea level changes in the Adriatic Sea shows increase of a few decimeters in 21st century. Generally, rising sea levels will increase salt water pressure on the coast, estuaries, water resources, aquifers and farmland. Therefore, the management of estuaries will require even greater engagement of experts from different areas to successfully deal with future difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses construction waste and its management in the territory of Croatia. In order to better understand the concept of waste, the first part of this paper discusses its origin, characteristics, and categorisation. In addition, it mentions special categories of waste defined within Croatian borders. All members of the European Union are encouraged to adopt a circular economy approach to manage these various types of waste. Furthermore, the article emphasises the necessity to construct legal landfills in addition to building management centres, recycling yards, and transfer stations, in order to reduce the formation of wild landfills, which result from irresponsible waste disposal. The second part of the article provides a detailed description of construction and demolition waste. In addition to the types of occurrences and the associated degree of hazard, a categorisation system is used. This system includes records and key numbers, and allows finding the appropriate species in the database with the corresponding key number. Modern technology has made it possible to recycle all types of waste, including construction waste, into secondary raw materials. Proper management is essential to achieve this goal. The first step involves prevention, diversion or conversion of waste into a resource. When these options are not possible, one of the recovery processes should be employed. Managing Construction Waste also provides a comprehensive explanation of recycling, which is given significant attention. The article concludes with an overview of the Republic of Croatia’s system for managing construction waste, which lags behind more developed countries, as well as offers examples of best practices and possible improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was written as part of the research project "Research of public opinion on the state of safety, behaviour and habits of participants in road traffic in the Republic of Croatia". The goal of this research is to determine the frequency of violations of traffic regulations related to drivers, pedestrians and passengers in vehicles, and to determine whether there is a connection between the experience of suffering of the aforementioned road users and their punishable behaviour. For this purpose, a quantitative research was conducted in which a multi-method approach was used in field data collection, a combination of telephone research (CATI) - 60% of the sample and online research (CAWI) - 40% of the sample. Respondents from the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia (N=2072) over the age of 16 were included in the research. In general, it can be concluded that the violation of traffic regulations is very frequent and present among the majority of different road users, and that road users who have recently experienced a traffic accident in any capacity, very rarely violate traffic regulations, as car drivers. Conversely, involvement in traffic accidents has not been shown to deter pedestrians and vehicle occupants from repeating traffic violations. The obtained results have a practical value, especially in the context of planning preventive programs and strategies, while the limitations of the research are reflected in the fact that only one independent variable was included in the correlation with committing traffic violations, regardless of other known predictors of punishable behaviour in traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 5C model of Positive Youth Development has widely been researched in the last decade yielding inconsistent structural solutions in different cultural settings. This paper seeks to examine the structure of the 5C model in the Croatian context. The internal structure and criterion validity of the model were examined on a sample of 3559 1st grade high school students (M = 15.12 years; 53.5% female). The item-based structural equation analyses showed that the ESEM model provides a better fit to the five-factor structure than the CFA and bifactor models. Facet-based bifactor and bifactor (S·I-1) analyses confirmed general construct, positive youth development. Higher competence, confidence, and connection predicted less while higher character and caring predicted more mental distress in youth. Full SEM model showed that competence, character, confidence, and connection, four of the 5Cs, were associated with positive mental health. The results support the 5C model and suggest specifics of the local context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We analyze aggregate shocks decomposition in Croatia. • Domestic shocks were dominant during the transition period. • External shocks became dominant after financial and trade liberalization in 2000. • In the short run, business cycle fluctuations are driven by domestic AS shocks. • In the medium run, fluctuations are driven by external AD shocks. This paper separates macroeconomic shocks into external and domestic aggregate demand and supply shocks in Croatia during and after the transition period using a Bayesian SVAR model. The standard decomposition into aggregate demand and supply shocks covers important information on external sources of economic fluctuations. We find that domestic shocks were a dominant source of fluctuations during the transition period from 1992 to 2000. External shocks increased their importance after 2000, becoming the dominant source of fluctuations with the Global financial crisis. International comparison with other EU post-transition countries shows that short run GDP fluctuations are best explained by domestic aggregate supply shocks in 9 out of 11 analyzed countries, including Croatia. However, in the medium run, GDP fluctuations are dominantly explained by external aggregate demand shocks in 8 out of 11 countries, including Croatia. Inflation in Croatia is driven by external shocks both in the short- and medium run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of vitamin D deficiency is high in infants. Therefore, potential vitamin D deficiency should be prophylactically treated with vitamin D supplementation. Achieving good adherence to recommended prophylactic regimens is the goal of every primary pediatrician. The aim of this paper was to establish whether Croatian infants receive recommended prophylactic doses of vitamin D regularly. We analyzed the prescription rate of vitamin D preparation during the first year of life in one pediatric primary practice. Our research has shown, for the first time in Croatia, that there is low treatment adherence. Only 7.6% of infants received the recommended doses of vitamin D. The percentage of infants in the moderately irregular adherence group was 19.3%. There was no statistical difference regarding urban or rural place of living or parents' educational level. Based on these findings, a comprehensive public health campaign is needed to improve adherence to vitamin D supplementation during infancy. Also, further studies on larger samples and on a national level are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In law libraries in the Republic of Croatia, only a small number of information literacy programmes have been recorded. This indicates the need to strengthen and promote more effective teaching of information literacy in the field of law. The aim of this paper is to analyse the published literature to gain insight into the existing knowledge regarding information literacy in the field of law over the past 30 years in the Republic of Croatia. This analysis aims to determine possible directions for development and to find more effective teaching methods for information literacy. Methodology/approach: The methodology used included a qualitative research approach, specifically content analysis of works published in the last 30 years concerning information literacy at the academic level in the field of law in the Republic of Croatia. Results: The development of information literacy at the academic level in the field of law can be observed in parallel with the development of information literacy at the broader academic level in the Republic of Croatia. The most significant changes can be seen over the past five years, both at the theoretical and practical level of law school library work. Research on information literacy in the field of law, initially primarily focused on user education, is deepening and expanding, both in terms of methodology and content, because of intense and dynamic changes in the information and educational environment. As a result, further directions of development should be guided by the need for more research on the essential literacy skills of the 21st century for all stakeholders in the educational process. Such research would contribute to a greater understanding of the most relevant content and methods to be included in information literacy programmes tailored to the specifics of the legal discipline. Research limitation: A literature analysis revealed numerous different terms related to information literacy at the academic level in the field of law, especially in works published in the 1990s, when the term "information literacy" was not established in the Republic of Croatia. Therefore, there is a possibility of unintentional oversight of specific works. Another limitation of the research is the role of one evaluator/researcher in implementing the content analysis of the publications due to possible subjectivity in the analysis. Originality/practical implications: This study is one of the first to offer detailed insights into the current trends in information literacy development at the academic level in the field of law over the past 30 years. On a practical level, the author aims to encourage academic librarians to create and implement formal information literacy programmes within the realm of law and its related libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital heritage, with its intellectual and cultural identity value, constitutes a significant asset. This also makes it an important asset in the cyber market. Cultural heritage institutions, recognising the vital role of digital assets, confront various information security risks and must adopt cyber threat related strategies to counter potential cyber-attacks. This paper first investigates the susceptibility of digital heritage objects to cyber threats by examining their distinctive characteristics. The study subsequently poses research enquiries concerning the cybersecurity proficiency and general awareness of cultural heritage professionals. A conducted survey in Croatia among these professionals analyses their information and computer practices related to the storage and preservation of digital cultural heritage. Findings reveal that while overall cybersecurity awareness is commendable, there exists a deficiency in cybersecurity and data protection training among cultural heritage professionals, even at the basic level. Additionally, the study highlights insufficient technical support and equipment for cybersecurity within cultural heritage institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines traditional knowledge about the role of financial and physical resources in entrepreneurship. Based on Bourdieu's theory, we search for an answer to the question of which forms of economic capital are used by Croatian entrepreneurs in the computer programming industry and what their value in the context of accessing other forms of capital is. The study is based on a qualitative methodological approach. In-depth interview technique accompanied by unstructured observations was used in data collection. In addition to primary data, research includes the use of qualitative and quantitative secondary data. Research suggests that in the computer programming industry, economic capital is just one tool in the conversion game of entrepreneurial capital. Moreover, the interviewed entrepreneurs attach the least importance to it in business, favoring the value of intangible resources such as specialized knowledge, business connections and personal acquaintances. The company's start-up phase is characterized by the entrepreneur's reliance on personal savings, which is replaced by financing based on retained earnings in the later stages of business. Other forms of growth financing, such as bank loans and recapitalization of external investors, are used by a minority of larger companies, with a good base of symbolic capital. The results on capital conversions indicate relatively easy conversion of economic capital into cultural capital and symbolic capital, and less frequent use of economic capital to create social capital. Fresh insights into the entrepreneurs' perceptions provided by the study expand existing knowledge about entrepreneurship within the computer programming industry, suggesting that it is an industry with huge potential for young talents without a personal financial base that is commonly considered a precondition for entering entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aims to investigate metric characteristics of the digital technology preoccupation scale and the possibility of predicting life satisfaction in children from 8 to 13 years, based on time spent using digital technology and preoccupation with digital technology. Method: Participants are 1072 children aged 8 to 13 years and their parents who agreed to participate in the study. Using pen and paper questionnaires, children provided data on their life satisfaction and preoccupation with digital technology (DT), and their parents assessed the average time children used DT during a typical day in a week or during the weekend. Results: Digital technology preoccupation scale showed good metric characteristics with all five items loading on one factor and good reliability. Boys and older children show more preoccupation with digital technology and lower life satisfaction. Also, boys use DT during the weekend longer than girls. After controlling for the effect of age and gender, and duration of DT use, preoccupation with digital technology explained 3% of the variance of life satisfaction. The total model explained 9% of variance. Conclusion: Findings from this study show that preoccupation with digital technology is an important factor to be considered concerning children's life satisfaction, beyond the contribution of time spent using DT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]