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Graduate recruitment is one of the issues that have always been of interest to educational planners in different countries and the educational system of countries is no exception. Today, developed and developing countries have offered entrepreneurship courses to overcome the challenges of job search. In other words, the solution to these problems should be sought in entrepreneurship skills. The main aim of this research is to examine the role of entrepreneurial universities in the development of entrepreneurship in society, which will eventually lead to sustainable development. This study follows a quantitative methodology by using a self-administered questionnaire. This research's statistical population consists of postgraduate and undergraduate students who have finished at least two academic years of study. The KMO coefficient and Bartlett's test were used to establish the questionnaire's content validity, while Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check its reliability, revealing that the instruments were consistent at 91%. Descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency, mean, Kruskal test, Mann-Whitney test, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data. The findings of the correlation study showed that there is a significant relationship between university entrepreneurship factors and university-level awareness of entrepreneurial activities. Furthermore, the results of regression analysis showed that the dependent variable of the entrepreneurial awareness of students was dependent on variables such as the characteristics of the entrepreneurial university, parents' income, personal awareness of students and communication channels.

Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpions) are one of the medically important oldest arthropods. They have been one of the humans' interests in terms of special morphology, painful stings, mortality, and behavioral attractions for many years. Diagnosis of scorpions is based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods. But, one of the most important and fundamental problems of identifying the Iranian scorpions is the lack of a comprehensive method. Due to the fact that a relatively long time has not passed since the classification of scorpions in Iran and there are no definitive divisions about the genera and species in the country, the current pictorial key was provided to identify the Iranian scorpions. In this study, various methods were used to catch the scorpions. For preparing the pictorial key, different genera of scorpions were collected from urban, rural, plain, and mountain areas in different parts of Iran as well as some archived specimens from the medical arachnid's Museum of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were used from 2010 to 2020 collection boxes. The key presented in this study was prepared only based on morphological features. It was necessary to remind a few points about this key and its use. Considering the above-mentioned points, this key was provided for 16 genera, 64 species, and 3 families of Iranian scorpions, and the results of other researchers are included in it. The study of various aspects of scorpion life, especially faunistic studies has been recently considered in Iran. Various methods such as molecular methods and composition of scorpion venom can be used for classification, the most common of which are morphological features that have a long history. Therefore, the need to provide a key to detect scorpions in the country has a special priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been grappling with a common problem, the coronavirus or COVID-19, causing a significant increase in worry, anxiety, and stress worldwide. In Iran, the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus has posed serious threats to individuals' physical and mental health. Due to their extensive physical contact with infected individuals, medical staff experience high anxiety levels compared to other members of society. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment approach on the resilience, self-compassion, and corona disease anxiety of medical staff involved in the COVID-19 response in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This study utilized a semi-experimental design, including pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The study population included all medical staff involved in the COVID-19 response in Hamadan in 2021. From this population, 40 individuals were purposively selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups (20 participants in each group). Before the intervention, both groups underwent measurements (pre-test) using the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), the Neff Self-Compassion Scale (2003), and Alipouret al.'s Corona Disease Anxiety Questionnaire (2018). After the intervention of acceptance and commitment therapy for the experimental group, the same tests were conducted again for both groups (post-test). Finally, three months later, the same measurements were repeated for both groups (follow-up). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS-25. Results: The findings demonstrated the significant impact of acceptance and commitment therapy in enhancing resilience (P ≤ 0.001) and self-compassion (P ≤ 0.001), as well as reducing COVID-19 anxiety among the medical staff in Hamadan (P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, these effects remained stable during the follow-up phase. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of utilizing acceptance and commitment therapy to enhance resilience and self-compassion while reducing anxiety among medical staff managing the disease. Additionally, hospital educational and executive managers should prioritize training medical staff in acceptance and commitment skills to effectively address COVID-19 anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many urban planners have used Lefebvre's concept of the right to the city as a dominant approach in urban studies. In this research, we try to draw a framework for the urban development of Bandar Abbas through the application of urban development components based on the right-to-the-city approach. Interpretive structural modeling is used in drawing urban development based on the right-to-the-city approach. The centrality of citizens in decision-making, self-management of space, the right to planning and designing the space, the right to transparency, and access to information at the first class are considered the key variables of Bandar Abbas urban development. The right to manage and organize the space, the right to accountability, democratic (institutional) capacity building, and social priorities in the decision-making process are the subcomponents of Bandar Abbas urban development. The presented model is the realization of people in space, where people take over the space and enjoy the benefits of urban life, if needed, they can freely express their opinions and limitations in the space and organize the city according to their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is one of the most important causes of cardiovascular disease. It has been found that professional drivers are at high risk of hypertension. This study has been performed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among professional drivers in Shahroud. In this study, the prevalence of hypertension was determined according to the definition by the American Heart Association among 1461 professional drivers participating in the first cross-sectional phase of Shahroud drivers' prospective cohort study. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension was examined based on the initial age, and gender presented, along with the factors affecting this disease based on multinomial logistic regression. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, stage 1 and 2 hypertension was 46.9%, 6%, and 1.3%, respectively. In the multivariate multinomial logistic regression model, having diabetes, Body Mass Index ≥25, and driving years was associated with an increased chance of developing elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Attention should be paid to high prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among professional drivers in Iran as a health priority for drivers. Plans should be made to reduce it as well as to prevent its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Oligocene Nasrand intrusive rocks (NIRs), located in the central part of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, are mainly composed of granite and subordinate diorite and gabbro. These rocks are characterized by the enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs), Nb‐Ta negative anomalies, and high LILE/HFSE, suggesting a subduction‐related origin. The felsic rocks with granite compositions have high SiO2 content (69.77–77.88 wt.%), low Mg# (0.02–0.43), low Nb/Ta, and Zr/Hf (Avg: 12.53, and 33.08, respectively). The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio and εNd(t) values in felsic rocks range from 0.70577 to 0.70576 and 0.4 to −0.3, respectively. These data suggest that these felsic rocks originated from juvenile crust by heat rising from basaltic magmas in an orogenic setting. The mafic‐intermediate rocks and dikes are gabbro, gabbroic diorite, and monzodiorite, with low SiO2 content (48.08–56.11 wt.%) and high Mg# (0.37–0.68), with average ratios of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf are 27.88 and 39.84, respectively. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio and εNd(t) values for mafic‐intermediate rocks and dikes are 0.70583 to 0.70476 and −0.1 to +2.6, respectively. These characteristics indicate magma from a mantle source that had undergone minor mixing with juvenile crust. It seems mantle‐derived juvenile magma underplating played an important role in the crustal growth in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt during the Ediacaran to Early Cambrian, relative to other time frames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes, integrated with bulk-rock major, trace element, and isotopic compositions of amphibolites from the Makran ophiolitic mélange complex (OMC), carry implications on the evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Field and petrographical-geochemical data confirm these amphibolites as products of the metamorphism of a mafic protolith. Zircons from the amphibolites have U-Pb ages of Late Early Permian (273 Ma) to Late Triassic (210 Ma), and their εHf(t) values vary from +6.32 to +15.4. The Makran amphibolites are geochemically similar to transitional- or enriched-MORBs. The 143Nd/144Nd(t) ratios for amphibolites range from 0.51260 to 0.512551, and 87Sr/86Sr(t) from 0.704433 to 0.706244. The Pb-isotope composition of these rocks is radiogenic, ranging from 15.61-15.64 for 207Pb/204Pb(t), 18.98-19.21 for 206Pb/204Pb(t) and 38.88-39.36 for 208Pb/204Pb(t). The isotopic and geochemical signatures of these rocks suggest that they were most likely formed during continental rifting and originated from a relatively enriched mantle source. This is also attested by their high zircon Ce/Ce* ratios. We interpret these amphibolites related to the Permian-Triassic plumes that triggered Gondwana rifting to open the Neo-Tethyan Ocean before metamorphosed, fragmented, and accreted into the Makran accretionary complex probably during Early to Late Cretaceous time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of circadian rhythm stability and amplitude on musculoskeletal disorder prevalence and work–family conflict among nurses. Design: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 386 nurses working in three hospitals, in Shahroud, Iran. Method: The data were collected using the Circadian Rhythm Inventory, Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders, and Carlson Work‐Family Conflict questionnaires. Results: The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was reported in the lower back (68.4%), upper back (65.5%) and shoulders (53.6%), respectively. No significant relation was found between circadian rhythm stability and amplitude, and musculoskeletal disorders prevalence. The nurses who could not overcome drowsiness reported more Work Interference with Family (WIF), Family Interference with Work (FIW) (time‐based) and FIW (strain‐based) compared to the nurses who overcame drowsiness. In addition, the appropriate nurses for shift work experienced less WIF, FIW (behavioural‐based) and WIF (strain‐based) compared to the nurses who could not work overtime or at night. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater level observations due to the lack of synoptic water-level measurements are often available with irregular time intervals. The results lead to an inaccurate understanding of the parameters affecting groundwater level changes and their time delays. This paper presents a simple and low-cost approach to interpolate the irregular, periodic intervals of recorded groundwater level data for the Najafabad aquifer located in central Iran. Forty-six monitoring wells with an average of 20 years of data were used for this study. Piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomial (PCHIP), cubic spline, linear, and nearest neighbor are the selected interpolation methods. Cross-validation with leave-one-out technique was also applied to evaluate the accuracy of the methods under three conditions, including low, average, and high groundwater level decline. The analysis proved that (1) PCHIP interpolation showed a high performance in all of the groundwater level decline conditions (0.22 < RMSE < 0.59 and 0.72 < R2 < 0.98). (2) Under slight and without abrupt fluctuations of groundwater level conditions, cubic spline showed a better performance than the linear interpolation (R2 = 0.98, RMSE = 0.49 for cubic spline and R2 = 0.98, RMSE = 0.51 for linear). The selected approach reduces the uncertainty in the study of issues such as changes in groundwater recharge and storage, groundwater flow directions, surface–groundwater interaction, and groundwater modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important dimensions of cooperative systems, which have existed in Iran since 1974, is cooperative rural production enterprises. In this study, the performance of rural production cooperatives in Iran is examined in relation to the social capital components of the members. This study's statistical population consisted of 16,870 members from 41 cooperatives. 217 samples of cooperative members and 98 samples of the cooperative's management and board of directors were selected using the Cochran formula, and questionnaires were filled out for each group. The results showed that from the viewpoint of the members of rural cooperatives, the most important factor in improving the performance of cooperatives was the use of effective extension training (model-extension sites). The results also showed that members' satisfaction and training members of cooperatives can play an important role in improving the performance of cooperatives. The results of this research, while emphasizing the role of education (especially extension activities), can help rural development planners in improving the performance of rural cooperatives in their regions. [Display omitted] • The study identified the impacts of social capitals on the performance of rural production cooperatives. • The most important factor in improving the performance was the use the extension trainings. • Members' satisfaction and training play an important role in improving the performance. • The level of education in production cooperatives has a direct relationship with trust and satisfaction. • Cooperatives do not perform well in the fields of sales, marketing and insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the odds and associations of pregnancy outcomes with exposure to biopsy-confirmed celiac disease (CD) in Northeast Iran., Methods: In this regional retrospective cohort study, pregnancy records of all women with celiac disease who visited Celiac Disease Clinic of Imam-Reza Hospital from 2017 to 2023 (exposed group) and a sample of women without CD (unexposed group) were extracted using the Electronic Health Record of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences called "Sina". The unexposed group was randomly selected of the database and matched to exposed group on age, location of residence, socioeconomic factors. Our exclusion criteria included age ≥ 45, presence of concomitant disorders, history of non-obstetric uterine surgery, induction of pregnancy through assisted reproductive technology, and any concurrently ongoing pregnancy at the time of study. Pregnancy outcomes evaluated in this study included normal delivery, miscarriage, preterm labor, preeclampsia, and stillbirth. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for confounders., Results: Ninety pregnancy records of women with CD and 270 pregnancies of women without CD were included in this study. Low neonatal birthweight (i.e. under 2500 g) had no significant association with CD (aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.92-1.06), as well as postpartum hemorrhage (aOR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.91-1.38), fetal anomaly (aOR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.69-1.15), miscarriage (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.91-1.10), ectopic pregnancy (aOR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.73-1.20), preterm labor (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.92-1.10), gestational diabetes mellitus (aOR = 1.07, 95%CI = 0.98-1.16), gestational hypertension (aOR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.89-1.11), and gestation hypothyroidism (aOR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.82-1.11). However, we found significantly lower odds of preeclampsia in pregnancies affected by CD (aOR = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.69-0.99)., Conclusion: Celiac disease was not associated with increased odds of low neonatal birthweight, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal anomaly, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, preterm labor, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension and gestational hypothyroidism. Preeclampsia had significantly lower odds in pregnancies affected with CD., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives. A cohort study was designed and implemented to determine the prevalence of hearing problems and their related factors in professional drivers in Shahroud city. Methods. In total, 1461 professional drivers were examined. Demographic information, work history, blood parameters, and anthropometric and audiometric test data were collected. Hearing thresholds were assessed at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz. Results. In total, 64.8% and 54.9% of hearing impairment degrees were observed in the left and right ears, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant. The hearing threshold in the left ear was higher at all frequencies. The maximum hearing loss was at 6000 Hz, followed by 4000 Hz. There was a significant relationship between hearing loss with age groups for right and left ears and type of car for left ear. Conclusion. The prevalence and severity of hearing loss in Shahroud drivers are high, and most hearing loss is observed in the left ear. Given that noise-induced hearing loss is an incurable condition and has a significant impact on individuals' quality of life and employment, drivers should be regularly screened for ear damage under the variables affecting hearing loss, and noise prevention training should be provided.